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Author: Institute for Security Studies

Title: Policing in Peace Operations in Africa

Summary: The police component has begun to play a much greater role in peace support operations (PSOs) in recent years. It is a critical component that supports the development and implementation of PSOs' mandates, yet there are still major gaps in understanding how it is effectively designed and deployed, and what areas need improvement. This is particularly relevant in the context of the African Union (AU), which sees an increasing role for policing from a policy perspective and in the terrain of peacekeeping. Whereas United Nations (UN) PSOs tend to be deployed in post-conflict situations where there is, in fact, some peace to keep, the AU more typically deploys in more unstable situations where one of the main objectives is to contribute to creating some form of stability. As a result, the security situation in which it operates may be very different to that which the UN faces; something that in turn may have implications for how it is able to operate and what it can do, let alone accomplish. This report draws from comparative research developed by the Training for Peace (TfP) research network. Between 2014 and 2015, TfP partners investigated the overarching question of if, and how, AU policing differs from UN policing. If there is a difference, is the difference significant enough to warrant special preparation and training beyond the standard UN Police (UNPOL) courses that the TfP currently uses for pre-deployment training? The TfP also asked other important questions: Should these differences affect the role of the police in operations conducted by the two organisations; and what would the comparative advantages of AU policing be in this regard? How should the AU relate to the UN approach to policing, and are there particular ways in which the police dimension of AU PSOs should be structured in order to accommodate the different environment in which they operate? The information in this report is based on and draws from comparative research studies by TfP partners in the policing dimension in the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA); the African Union - United Nations Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID); and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). By studying these missions in Somalia, Darfur and Mali, this synthesis report will compare the roles of the police in an AU mission, a hybrid AU - UN mission and a UN mission. The mission in Darfur has a protection-of-civilians mandate in the context of a larger dispute without a ceasefire or peace agreement. The missions in Mali and Somalia assist the respective governments in dealing with Islamist insurgencies. All three missions thus have shared elements in their mandates that may facilitate comparison of their police roles. This report is the product of a team of researchers drawn from four TfP partner institutions: the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Under the umbrella of the TfP they have collaborated in ensuring that there is increased analysis of the particular needs of, challenges to and opportunities for policing within African peace operations. Fieldwork was conducted in the three countries and was largely based on semi-structured interviews, focus groups and the analysis of primary and secondary data. The report also relied extensively on feedback from senior members of staff of the different missions, who provided invaluable inputs on the overall accuracy of the information presented.

Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 2016. 18p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 8, 2019 at: https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/2016-05-26-TfP-Synthesis-Report.pdf

Year: 2016

Country: Africa

URL: https://issafrica.org/research/books-and-other-publications/policing-in-peace-operations-in-africa

Shelf Number: 154293

Keywords:
African Union
AMISOM
Darfur
Mali
MINUSMA
Peace Operations
Peace Support Operations
Police Peacekeeping
Post-Conflict Situations
Somalia
Transitional Justice
UN Police
UNAMID