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Date: November 25, 2024 Mon
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12 results foundAuthor: HMIC (Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary) Title: Best Use of Stop and Search (BUSS) Scheme Summary: Summary In 2014, the Home Office and College of Policing launched the Best Use of Stop and Search (BUSS) scheme, with the aims of achieving greater transparency, community involvement in the use of stop and search powers and to support a more intelligence-led approach, leading to better outcomes. The features of the scheme relate to data recording and publishing, the introduction of lay observation policies and community complaints trigger, reducing the use of stop and search powers under section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 and monitoring the impact of stop and search on young people and black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. In 2015, HMIC assessed the 43 forces’ compliance with each feature of the scheme, as part of our 2015 PEEL legitimacy inspection. That inspection identified that only 11 forces were complying with all five features of the scheme, 19 forces were not complying with one or two features of the scheme and 13 forces were not complying with three or more features. In our 2015 report HMIC committed to revisiting, within six months, the 13 forces not complying with three or more of the features. In February 2016, the Home Secretary suspended these 13 forces from the scheme. The findings of this revisit report will inform directly the Home Secretary’s decision on whether to lift or retain each force's suspension from the scheme. Findings Between 24 June 2016 and 5 August 2016, HMIC reviewed force websites, the police.uk website and documents submitted to us by forces, to reassess each force's compliance with each of the five features of the scheme. We found that six of the 13 forces are now compliant with all features of the Best Use of Stop and Search scheme: Cambridgeshire Constabulary, Cheshire Constabulary, Lancashire Constabulary, Northumbria Police, Warwickshire Police and West Mercia Police. However, we were disappointed to find that six forces were not compliant with one feature of the scheme and one force – Gloucestershire Constabulary – was not compliant with two features of the scheme. However, as our findings from this revisit will be used to inform directly the Home Secretary’s decision as to continued suspension, it is important that we also provide the most current information possible. We are now satisfied that the forces that were not compliant at the time of our revisit have, since our revisit, achieved compliance with all features of the scheme. In 2015, a further 19 forces were assessed as not complying with one or two features of the scheme. We will be revisiting these forces to assess their compliance with the scheme. We will write to the relevant chief constables to notify them formally of our revisit. HMIC believes that the scheme would benefit from clarification or amendment in some areas and we have, therefore, made recommendations to the Home Office and College of Policing for them to consider as part of their current review of the scheme. Details: London, UK: Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, 2016. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 9, 2019 at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/best-use-of-stop-and-search-scheme.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/best-use-of-stop-and-search-scheme.pdf Shelf Number: 154019 Keywords: Best Use of Stop and Search Community Complaints Criminal Justice and Public Order Act Intelligence-led Approach Police Police Force Stop and Search Transparency United Kingdom |
Author: ANAWIM Women Working Together Title: ANAWIM: The Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project, A Preliminary Evaluation Report Summary: In 2012 the Department of Health funded a 2-year pilot Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project within Anawim (a voluntary sector organisation supporting vulnerable women with multiple complex needs). The Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project was established to bridge gaps between services (inclusive of Anawim, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Staffordshire and West Midlands Probation and the courts). It was intended to illustrate an increased use in Mental Health Treatment Requirements by the courts as an alternative to custody, to help build creative pathways for female offenders into mental health treatment and to build effective relationships with primary and secondary mental health treatment services. The Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project adhered to key recommendations from the Corston (2007) report and presented a 'one-stop-shop' approach for a community based intervention for female offenders with mental health problems. The overall principle of the pilot Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project is one of holistic care illustrated in qualitative case examples throughout the report. Limitations on available data and the post-hoc nature of the evaluation means it has not been possible to conduct a full scale study of all areas of care accessed by the women receiving help through the project. However, presenting single case narratives in specific areas provides a coherent picture of positive outcomes within all areas of care following referral to the Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Pilot, illustrating positive impact on the clients' mental health, offending behaviour, housing, child care and substance misuse and potential economic cost savings in each area. The report provides a template to aid future evaluation. The current preliminary report suggests positive impact in numerous areas of the women’s lives including significant improvements in psychological and physical health and crime reduction. It therefore presents a case for future development of the service and for continued funding of the Anawim Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project in order to continue to build on the achievements to date using the work conducted as a solid platform for further development. Details: London, UK: Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, 2013. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 9, 2019 at: https://www.bsmhft.nhs.uk/about-us/news/news-archives-2013/preliminary-evaluation-report-of-the-mental-health-alternatives-to-custody-pilot-project/ Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.anawim.co.uk/documents/Custody-Pilot-Project.pdf Shelf Number: 154055 Keywords: Community Based Intervention Court Female Offenders Mental Health Alternatives to Custody Project Mental Health Treatment United Kingdom |
Author: Idris, Iffat Title: Interventions to Combat Modern Slavery Summary: Overview This report details findings from evaluations of a range of interventions to combat modern slavery. While there are three broad areas of efforts to tackle modern slavery - prevention, protection and prosecution - the main focus to date has been on prevention and, to a lesser extent, protection; prosecution has received far less attention. The literature indicates that interventions have generally proven to have limited effectiveness. Various evaluations highlight the need for information campaigns to target specific groups and advocate action rather than simply raising awareness. They also call for protection measures to be targeted, and linked to interventions in health, education, social protection and livelihoods. A number of evaluations suggest that legislation banning trafficking, child labour, etc. can be counterproductive: more stress should be put on improving labour and working conditions. Modern slavery is very broad-ranging in scope, covering forced and bonded labour, child labour, sex trafficking, human trafficking and so on. Rather than considering interventions under each type of modern slavery, this review categorises interventions into the following: - prevention - aimed at raising public awareness of modern slavery and its risks; - protection - aimed at empowering victims and helping them rebuild their lives; - prosecution - to support implementation of legislation on modern slavery. Some programmes are cross-cutting, with interventions focused on two or more categories (of prevention, protection and prosecution). Findings from such cross-cutting programmes are given under the most appropriate category. Since this review is designed to support formulation of programmes to tackle modern slavery, its focus is on whether diverse interventions have been effective or not and, crucially, what lessons or recommendations emerge from them that can be applied elsewhere. The main findings are as follows: Information campaigns - it is important that these target specific groups and that they advocate action rather than simply highlighting problems and risks. Baseline assessments can ensure that messaging is appropriate and effective. The priority within campaigns should be on engagement with communities to understand driving factors behind modern slavery and identify suitable interventions - it should not simply be on reaching the maximum number of people (a quantitative exercise). As well as explaining to potential migrants the risks involved and how to carry out safe migration, information campaigns should raise awareness of alternative options that may result in people not having to migrate. Protection measures - these too should be targeted at specific groups, in particular projects for children should be separate from those targeting women and should address their specific concerns. Projects to tackle modern slavery should be linked to interventions in education, health, social protection and livelihoods to increase effectiveness. Prosecution - simply imposing bans on trafficking, child labour, etc. will not be effective, and could even be counterproductive leading to increased vulnerability to trafficking and a rise in child labour. It is important to prioritise labour and working conditions in destinations, rather than simply emphasising prevention. Recent initiatives in the UK and California to increase transparency about modern slavery in company supply chains have had only limited impact. The review drew largely on grey literature, in particular evaluation reports for donor agency programmes. While a number of reports did focus specifically on women, the literature was to a large extent gender blind. The review found no literature looking at the issue of tackling modern slavery from the perspective of persons with disabilities. Details: Birmingham, UK: Knowledge, Evidence, and Learning for Development, 2017. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 11, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a5f23f240f0b652634c6f4d/Interventions-to-combat-modern-slavery.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a5f23f240f0b652634c6f4d/Interventions-to-combat-modern-slavery.pdf Shelf Number: 154119 Keywords: Child LaborForced LaborInformation CampaignsModern SlaveryPreventionProsecutionProtectionSex TraffickingTargeted InterventionTraffickingUnited KingdomWorking Conditions |
Author: Criminal Justice Alliance Title: How to Start Reducing the Prison Population Summary: Today we have published a briefing setting out eight pragmatic and incremental ways the government could begin to reduce the prison population without impacting public safety. We estimate that these measures could reduce the population by 12,000 places over the lifetime of this parliament. This would reduce the pressure on the system, making it safer and freeing up to £900 million which could instead be spent on diverting people from the criminal justice system in the first place and providing effective rehabilitation services to prevent re-offending. We propose the government focus on eight areas: recalls, remand, indeterminate sentences (IPP), sentence creep, short sentences, people experiencing mental health problems, women and black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people. Details: London, UK: 2018. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2019 at: http://criminaljusticealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Prison-Population-FINAL-0718-1.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://criminaljusticealliance.org/start-reducing-prison-population/ Shelf Number: 154092 Keywords: BAME Indeterminate Sentences Prison Population Recalls Reduce Prison Population Rehabilitation Services Remand Reoffending Short Sentences United Kingdom |
Author: Ministry of Justice Title: One Year Review of Enforcement Agent Reforms Introduced by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act of 2007 Summary: Summary Background This post implementation review evaluates reforms introduced by the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 regarding how enforcement agents operate and the fees they charge. The reforms were implemented in April 2014 and the review is to assess whether they are working broadly as expected after one year and if there have been any major unintended consequences. The review started in early 2015 and involved analysing a variety of data, and gathering views from key stakeholders including creditors, the advice sector, other government agencies and enforcement agents themselves (as set out in the methodology section). 1.2 Key findings - All stakeholders agreed that the reforms have provided transparency and consistency in the enforcement process, where this was previously lacking. The new standard forms and letters provide the debtor with clear signposting detailing where to find advice with their financial problems, information about their rights, and where to complain. - The overall proportion of debts successfully enforced between April 2014 and April 2015 was 27% for civil enforcement officers and 33% for high court officers, which was higher than predicted during the design of the new fee structure and provides a baseline for future monitoring. - A major component of the reforms was a new fixed structure for enforcement fees. The intention was to control excessive charging and incentivise settlement at the initial (compliance) stage before a visit and removal of goods becomes necessary. Indications are that High Court Enforcement Officers have been particularly successful at compliance stage enforcement, exceeding predictions by nine percentage points (1% of total warrants issued were expected to be settled at this stage, versus 10% achieved). - For civil enforcement agents, compliance stage enforcement rates have been lower than expected (38% of successfully enforced warrants settled at compliance, relative to 50% predicted). The disparity between high court and civil agents in this respect may be partly due to the difficulties making accurate predictions during reform design, however we would expect compliance stage enforcement to improve for this group as reforms bed in. - By clarifying what was considered unacceptable enforcement behaviour and including advice sector contact details on enforcement letters, the reforms have provided greater transparency over debtor rights and how to complain. Data provided by the advice sector show that some debtors and debt advisors perceive that aggressive behaviour is still happening in practice, and while it is not realistic to expect this to have been eradicated altogether, the Ministry of Justice take the concerns expressed by the advice sector feedback seriously and will pay close attention to the level and nature of complaints as the reforms bed in further. Details: London, UK: Ministry of Justice, 2018. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/695833/one-year-review-bailiff-reform-web.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/one-year-review-of-enforcement-agent-reforms Shelf Number: 154077 Keywords: Civil Agents Civil Enforcement Officers Creditors Debtor Enforcement Agents High Court Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 United Kingdom |
Author: Smith, Noel Title: Hear Me. Believe Me. Respect Me.: A Survey of Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse and Their Experiences of Support Services Summary: Executive Summary Focus on Survivors Survey The research was undertaken in the context of a severe lack of evidence about the support needs of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in the UK. It is based on an on-line, national survey of nearly 400 survivors, making this one of the largest surveys ever undertaken with this population. The survey looked at experiences of abuse, satisfaction with different types of service and the availability of information about services. CSA in the UK In media coverage CSA tends to be portrayed as assaults on children by adults outside of the family, often as isolated or short term episodes, and often as involving children on an opportunistic or random basis. The survey suggests that this portrayal does not reflect typical experiences of abuse: - Abuse by adults outside family networks is not typical. Almost 70 per cent of respondents reported that they were abused within the family or extended family and over 20 per cent reported that abuse happened in somebody else’s home. - CSA is not typically experienced as isolated or short term episodes. The average duration of abuse was 7 years. - Rather than being random, opportunistic assaults, the risks of CSA are better understood as being concentrated among certain children. Over half of respondents reported being abused by more than one person. - In most cases (70 per cent) the abuse was not reported to the police. Almost 90 per cent of survivors have not seen their abusers brought to justice. - It might expected that abuse is usually stopped as and when children make disclosures but this is not the case. Only 11 per cent of survivors said that abuse stopped about the same time as they made their disclosures. For most people (69 per cent) the abuse had stopped well before they told anyone about it. Alarmingly, 20 per cent of respondents continued to be abused at least one year or more after making disclosures. For this group, abuse continued for an average of almost 6 years after the first disclosure. Over 30 per cent of those who had continued to be abused after making disclosures had disclosed to a statutory service such as GP, social worker, doctor or teacher. - Less than 20 per cent of survivors disclosed because they were asked directly if they had been sexually abused. Statutory services were no more likely to proactively discover abuse by asking direct questions than, say, survivors’ friends and family. The onus falls on survivors to speak out about their abuse and many can find this in itself traumatic. - Some survivors (34 per cent) first accessed support services around the same time as they made disclosures. However, many (42 per cent) did not receive such support until long after disclosure – on average 12 years later, with more than half of respondents waiting at least 9 years. Many services will be working with people who have never disclosed being sexually abused as children: 25 per cent of respondents said that they had used services specifically because of their abuse before ever disclosing. Support for survivors Survivors use a range of support services. Counselling, mental health and GP services were most commonly used, with a half or more of survivors using these services as a result of CSA. The next most commonly used services were voluntary sector sexual abuse and rape support services and psychotherapy services, followed by the police, the Samaritans, and Accident and Emergency and secondary health services. Less than a fifth of survivors used social services. Survivors used a range of services over a long period of time - on average between four and five services over a 10 year span between the first service accessed and the most recent service use. Satisfaction with services was closely related to some basic qualities in the way services treated survivors – that is, whether they made survivors feel listened to, believed and respected: - Nearly all of those who used Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Independent Sexual Violence Advisors, voluntary psychotherapy and counselling services and rape support services felt that they had been listened to, believed and respected by services. - Less than half of those who used social services or A&E and hospital services felt that they had been listened to, believed and respected. - Taking into account use of all services, survivors were more satisfied than dissatisfied with the support they received. - However, there was a sharp contrast between satisfaction with statutory sector and voluntary and independent sector organisations. Among survivors who had used both sectors, over 70 per cent were more satisfied with voluntary sector services than with statutory services, while less than 20 per cent rated statutory services over the voluntary sector. - Poor service experience can represent a barrier to further service use. Survivors who are dissatisfied with services at one point in time take longer to go on to access new services. Survivors who fail to find a satisfying service go on to more services over a longer period of time than those who receive a helpful service response at the outset. - Counselling and psychotherapy services are often provided through sexual abuse and rape support services, and this cluster of services represents the provision which respondents found most satisfying. When asked what, overall, had been the most helpful support they had received, 48 per cent of respondents referred to counselling and psychotherapy, 21 per cent cited sexual abuse and rape support services and 12 per cent specified group support with other survivors. - However, 57 per cent of survivors said that they wanted more counselling and psychotherapy services. A number of problems were identified with the availability and adequacy of provision: insufficient free-at-point-of-use provision, long waiting lists for too brief counselling programmes, and limited options in terms of therapeutic techniques. - A key barrier to getting help was the challenge for survivors of overcoming the difficulty of talking about their experiences of being sexually abused as children. Survivors taking part in the survey had used services over a broad timespan, from 1975 to 2015. Given growing awareness about CSA during this period it might be expected that services would have developed over this period. However, the research suggests that satisfaction with services has not generally increased over time. Information Less than a third of respondents agreed that professionals and services provided the information they needed, and well over half said that they found the information they needed on-line. Most respondents – over three-quarters – did not find it easy to find the information they needed. Problems with information related to both the volume and relevance of what is available. Learning from survivors Conclusions from the research include: - Misinformation about CSA in the UK risks skewing and undermining targeted strategies to tackle typical forms of childhood sexual abuse. - Greater professional vigilance in asking service users if they had experienced CSA – rather than relying on people to self-disclose – would be important for bringing forward processes of support and recovery for survivors. This would be a vital and cost-neutral step towards more proactive help for survivors and a more efficient service response. - The impact of poor service experiences is more than the absence of effective help at one point-in time. Instead, poor service experience is associated with a delay in survivors accessing future services and with survivors using more services over a longer duration. As such a poor service can have a long term impact and represent a barrier to support for survivors. In contrast, a good service response can result in survivors coming to a point of recovery or resolution sooner in their lives while at the same time making more efficient use of service resources. In order to build on strengths, the voluntary and independent sector (rather than statutory bodies) is best placed to lead any national strategy to develop support for CSA survivors in the UK. Details: Suffolk, UK: 2015. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 14, 2019 at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303647666_Hear_me_Believe_me_Respect_me_A_survey_of_adult_survivors_of_child_sexual_abuse_and_their_experience_of_support_services Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: file:///C:/Users/AuthUser/Downloads/Focus-on-Survivors-Final-Copy-Logo-Blk.pdf Shelf Number: 154154 Keywords: Adult Survivors Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Family Abuse Independent Sexual Assault Violence Advisors Opportunistic Assaults Rape Self-Disclose Sexual Assault Sexual Assault Referral Center Statutory Services Support Services Survivors United Kingdom |
Author: Ministry of Justice Title: Story of the Prison Population: 1993 - 2016 England and Wales Summary: A summary of what happened to the prison population between 1993 and 2016 and the major factors contributing to the changes. Details: London, UK: Ministry of Justice, 2016. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 17, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541667/prison-population-story-1993-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/story-of-the-prison-population-1993-to-2016 Shelf Number: 154211 Keywords: Custodial Sentences Incarceration Indeterminate Sentencing Life Sentences Long Term Sentencing Mass Incarceration Ministry of Justice Prison Prison Population United Kingdom |
Author: Environment Agency (United Kingdom) Title: Novel Approaches to Waste Crime Summary: Executive Summary The European Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW) programme has eight actions, five of which are led by the Environment Agency and three by WRAP who took over from the South East England Development Agency in April 2011. One of the actions under the programme is assessing and reporting on novel approaches to tackling waste crime which aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of new public sector led approaches to reducing waste crime and supporting new markets for the reuse of recovered materials. This study reports on the outcomes from a pilot of the best novel approaches. Environmental crime is a high priority area for European Member States; tackling the issue are international networks, working groups and organisations that include the European Commission, Interpol, Europol, Member State regulatory agents and a wide range of specific task force groups. These bodies are set up to deliver programmes that address and implement waste crime reduction measures. In its 2011 EU Organised Crime Threat Assessment Report however, Europol notes that "substantial intelligence gaps (in the area of waste crime) preclude comprehensive assessment of organised crime activity in this area". The intelligence on European waste crime notes: - Illegal waste activities within the EU are organised and sophisticated networks with clear division of roles with some organised gangs making billions of Euros per year; - Waste brokers feeding these networks can also be part of and embedded within the legal waste management system, appearing to be operating legitimate businesses; - Complexity in the legal waste management system facilitates rather than prevents criminal activity; and - There are substantial financial burdens borne by affected Member States (e.g. those where the illegal dumping and disposal are occurring), which intelligence suggests to be south-east and eastern Member States plus those countries that share a border with these Member States (e.g. Albania). As a consequence of globalisation, enhanced market development and trade outside the EU, the flow of waste around Europe and outside its borders has become larger, more complex and significantly more costly to police. Rises in the number of conventions, Directives and state laws have, to some degree and with varying success, been instruments to ensure proper re-use, recovery, recycling and disposal of wastes. Waste recovery, management and disposal remains a sector where illegal activity and criminal organisations freely operate, often making large financial gains from their activities to the detriment of legitimate businesses, the common market and society at large. This document, focusing on the reused and recovered waste tyre market, reports on the current size of the EU, UK and South East of England tyre market, followed by a number of public sector led case studies illustrating novel approaches to reducing waste tyre crime. This study has identified that there are several commonly accepted motivators for tyre crime including: financial gain, convenience, opportunism, market dynamics/demand, lack of a threat of being caught and lenient sentences/punishment for offences. The novel approaches identified as part of this study commonly use an intelligence-led approach, whereby data gathered proactively is used to tackle crime on a number of fronts. Novel approaches can involve new partnerships, new approaches and intervention points, sharing of information and multi-agency collaboration, targeting different players in the supply chain and pairing crime enforcement action with awareness raising to stop crime occurring. It also involves mechanisms to support secondary waste market development, tackling one of the key sources - the waste itself - making it a valuable resource rather than a material to discard at lowest cost. The intelligence-led approach is now a widely accepted methodology for profiling organised waste crime and coordinating surveillance, awareness-raising and ultimately building a case for enforcement and prosecution. The case studies examined within this report use this intelligence-led approach to help tackle waste crime - they go beyond reactive policing. The demonstrable advantages of this approach include multi-agency collaboration giving access to pooled resources with greater breadth and depth, sharing intelligence and information to take fast action on emerging crime problems, engaging with and gathering knowledge from the general public and businesses and making decisions on allocating resources where the best outcomes can be anticipated. Details: Reading, UK: Environment Agency, 2012. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/289927/geho0312bwdy-e-e.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/novel-approaches-to-waste-crime Shelf Number: 154277 Keywords: Case StudiesCriminal NetworksEnvironmental CrimeEuropean Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW)EuropolIllegal DumpingIllegal WasteIntelligence-LedInteragency CollaborationOrganized Crime Threat Assessment ReportSupply ChainTire MarketUnited KingdomWaste CrimeWaste Recovery |
Author: Strickland, Pat Title: Rights of Victims of Crime Summary: A Westminster Hall debate on Rights of victims of crime is scheduled for Tuesday 13 March 2018 at 2.30pm. The Member leading the debate is Alex Sobel MP. Currently victims’ rights are set out in the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime. This sets out what victims should expect from various criminal justice agencies. Although the Code is a statutory one, provided for in the Domestic Violence Crime and Victims Act 2004, failure to comply with it does not of itself make a person liable to criminal or civil proceedings. Courts can take such failure into account in other proceedings however. Some argue that the "rights" in the code are not sufficiently enforceable. The Victims Commissioner and Victim Support have pointed to problems with victims being given their rights under the Code. In the run up to the 2015 and the 2017 General Elections, various political parties including the Conservatives promised legislation on victims’ rights. The Government has said it will publish a strategy for victims "by the summer". Details: London, UK: Parliament, House of Commons, 2018. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 21, 2019 at: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CDP-2018-0066#fullreport Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CDP-2018-0066#fullreport Shelf Number: 154333 Keywords: Code of PracticeDomestic Violence Crime and Victims Act 2004Rights of VictimsUnited KingdomVictim AssistanceVictim SupportVictims of Crime |
Author: Beels, Margaret Title: Preventing Labour Exploitation Summary: Editor's Foreword The Warwick Papers in Industrial Relations series publishes the work of members of the Industrial Relations Research Unit (IRRU) and people associated with it. This paper publishes the text of the sixteenth Warwick-Acas Lowry Lecture, given to an invited audience at the University of Warwick on the 3rd of April 2017. The annual lecture is jointly organised by IRRU and the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service (Acas) in honour of Sir Pat Lowry. A former chair of Acas, Sir Pat was for many years an Honorary Professor at the University of Warwick, a long-standing member of the Business School's Advisory Board, and a source of valued counsel to IRRU in its work. His outstanding contribution to the practice of industrial relations commenced when he joined the EEF in 1938. He went on to become the Federation's Director of Industrial Relations. He left in 1970 to join British Leyland as Director of Industrial Relations. In 1981, Sir Pat was appointed as Chair of Acas. He stepped down six years later with Acas' reputation for impartial and constructive advice enhanced, in the face of an often turbulent industrial relations landscape. This year lecture was given by Margaret Beels, Chair of the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority (GLAA), on the topic of 'Preventing Labour Exploitation'. In the 2017, the GLAA has taken on, and expanded, the role of the Gangmasters Licencing Authority, which was established in 2005 in the aftermath of the Morecambe disaster in which 23 Chinese migrant workers lost their lives. The GLA and now the GLAA represent an interesting regulatory experiment in the comparatively flexible UK labour market, and the reflections from Margaret Beels are therefore extremely instructive. The complex and increasingly concerning problem of labour market exploitation proves that the labour market does not automatically lead to satisfactory equilibrium. This paper identifies factors such as (false) hope and fear that may severely distort the relationship between employer and employee, as well as business models that are conducive to labour market exploitation. There is no doubt that these are extremely topical issues, for research as well as for policy-making, as confirmed in the UK by developments such as the creation of a Director of Labour Market Enforcement, the government's Review of Modern Employment Practices, and the extension of the GLA/GLAA role itself. Guglielmo Meardi Details: Coventry, United Kingdom: Warwick Business School, 2017. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 8, 2019 at: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/research/irru/wpir/wpir_107.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/research/irru/wpir/ Shelf Number: 154298 Keywords: Business Model Employer Labor Exploitation Labor Market Migrant Labors United Kingdom |
Author: Lynch, Orla Title: From Criminals to Terrorists and Back? Quarterly Report: Great Britain and Ireland Summary: This is the second of the series of ten national quarterly reports covering the tentative findings from study of 2015 terrorism arrestees, as part of GLOBSEC's From Criminals to Terrorists and Back? Project. The report authors are John Morrison, Director of Terrorism and Extremism Research Centre at the at University of East London and Orla Lynch, Head of Criminology at the University College Cork. Within Britain and Ireland there are two clear terrorist threats, namely violent dissident Irish republicanism (VDR) and jihadist terrorism. Both threats have very different patterns in relation to personnel and experience levels. Those involved in VDR-related activity are more likely to be part of a larger organisation than those involved in jihadist-related activity. They are also more likely to have criminality as a cornerstone of their organisational activity. This can include smuggling, non-political violence, and drug dealing. From the jihadi sample, this criminality is not as likely to play a dominant role. It appears to date that the crime-terror nexus for 2015 does not seem to be as significant in Britain as may have been first imagined. However, as more data is collected, analysed, and audited, this and other findings may be subject to change. The sample collected to date does not fit with the dominant young male profile and includes female and older members from a variety of roles related to terrorist activity. Details: Bratislava, Slovak Republic: GLOBSEC Policy Institute, 2018. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2019 at: https://www.globsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/From-Criminals-to-Terrorists-and-Back-Quarterly-Report-2018-Great-Britain-and-Ireland.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.globsec.org/projects/criminals-terrorists-back/#publications Shelf Number: 155920 Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Crime-Terror Nexus Illegal Trade Security Terrorism Terrorist Financing Terrorists United Kingdom |
Author: Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation Title: An Inspection of London Division National Probation Service Summary: Background: An explanation of probation services Over 250,000 adults are supervised by probation services annually. Probation services supervise individuals serving community orders, provide offenders with resettlement services while they are in prison (in anticipation of their release) and supervise for a minimum of 12 months all individuals released from prison. To protect the public, probation staff assess and manage the risks that offenders pose to the community. They help to rehabilitate these individuals by dealing with problems such as drug and alcohol misuse and lack of employment or housing, to reduce the prospect of reoffending. They monitor whether individuals are complying with court requirements, to make sure they abide by their sentence. If offenders fail to comply, probation staff generally report them to court or request recall to prison. These services are currently provided by a publicly owned National Probation Service and 21 privately owned Community Rehabilitation Companies that provide services under contract. The government intends to change the arrangements for delivering probation services, and is currently considering alternative models of delivery of probation services, following a consultation exercise. The NPS advises courts on sentencing all offenders, and manages those who present a high or very high risk of serious harm or who are managed under Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA). CRCs supervise most other offenders who present a low or medium risk of harm. The London division of the NPS: The NPS comprises seven divisions: six across England and one in Wales. Services are provided in-house, apart from those commissioned from the CRC. As a national organisation, the NPS has standardised processes and guidance on policies and practice. These documents are available to all staff through an online platform called EQUiP. Use of this system is monitored and staff are kept informed of updates. The London division of the NPS is separated into 12 local delivery unit clusters, each led by a senior manager responsible for delivering services in their area. Each of these leads also has a number of responsibilities for pan-London initiatives, such as the strategic lead for safeguarding and women's services. A further eight heads of function are responsible for London-wide services. These include foreign national offenders and the London Extremism, Gangs and Organised Crime Unit (LEGOU). The division encompasses nine prison establishments and twelve approved premises, three of which are independent. The average proven reoffending rate for all adults across the division at the time of the inspection was 39 per cent - slightly above the national average of 37 per cent. The London division of the NPS caseload was 17,359, which is 16 per cent of the national NPS caseload, and 37 per cent of all offenders supervised in the capital (bythe NPS and the CRC). In the most recent MAPPA statistics, a noticeably lower proportion of the London division of the NPS caseload (59 per cent) were eligible for MAPPA due to the nature of their offence. The national average is 76 per cent. Since the establishment of the NPS, the overall volume of the organisation's work has risen, but staffing levels have not risen at a comparable rate. The role of HM Inspectorate of Probation Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation is the independent inspector of youth offending and probation services in England and Wales. We report on the effectiveness of probation and youth offending service work with adults and children. We inspect these services and publish inspection reports. We highlight good and poor practice, and use our data and information to encourage high-quality services. We are independent of government, and speak independently. HM Inspectorate of Probation standards: We inspect against 10 broad standards. These standards are based on established models and frameworks, which are grounded in evidence, learning and experience. They are designed to drive improvements in the quality of work with people who have offended. Details: London, UK: HM Inspectorate of Probation, 2019. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2019 at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/inspections/londonnps-2/ Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/05/London-NPS.pdf Shelf Number: 156031 Keywords: Offenders Prison Probation Recividism Reoffending Risk Management Supervision United Kingdom |