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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 4:00 am
Time: 4:00 am
Results for urbanization
2 results foundAuthor: Engelke, Peter Title: The Security of Cities: Development, Environment, and Conflict on an Urbanizing Planet Summary: Humankind recently crossed an important threshold: over half of all people now live in cities. In contrast to most of human history, cities have become the default condition for human habitation almost everywhere on earth. Our species, in other words, is already an urban one and will become even more so throughout the twenty-first century. Urbanization is proceeding rapidly and at unprecedented scales in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Urbanization in Latin America has already reached levels rivaling Europe, North America, and Australia. These trends are ongoing. By 2030, all of the world's developing regions, including Africa, will have more people living in cities than in rural areas. Between 2010 and 2050, the world's urban population is expected to grow by 3 billion people-a figure roughly equal to the world's total population in 1950-with the great majority of these new additions living in developing-world cities. These statistics relay an important truth. During the twenty-first century, cities will increasingly shape social, political, economic, and environmental conditions everywhere on earth. Cities are powerful drivers of environmental change at the local, regional, and global scales. For example, urban processes of all kinds create local water and air pollution. Regionally, cities draw natural resources from far-flung hinterlands (energy, water, wood and forest products, fish, and agricultural products to name only a few). Globally, cities consume 60-80% of all energy used on earth and release about the same share of CO2 into the atmosphere. At the same time, cities and their inhabitants are greatly affected by all of these changes. Local pollution burdens, for example, most often fall heaviest on the poorest residents of poor cities. A city's demand for regional resources places strains on ecosystems hundreds or even thousands of miles distant. Global climate change adds to the mix of problems, increasing coastal flooding risks for low-lying cities, exacerbating urban heat island effects, and increasing the frequency of heat wave-related mass fatalities. Given the swift pace and enormous scale of global urbanization, cities must become an increasingly important part of the foreign and security policy discussions. Urbanization intersects with multiple issues that are well within the environmental security arena, including food security, human security, energy security, climate change, freshwater use, coastal-zone problems, public health and disease, and natural disaster planning and relief from drought, flooding, earthquakes, and storms. It also intersects with more traditional foreign and security issues, including those focused on economic development and trade as well as those focused on violence, conflict, and political instability-civil and international conflict, terrorism, state fragility, and global trafficking in drugs, weapons, and human beings (peonage, sex slavery, etc.). Details: Washington, DC: Stimson, 2012. 49p. Source: Working Paper: Internet Resource: Accessed June 13, 2012 at http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/Cities.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/Cities.pdf Shelf Number: 125350 Keywords: Cities and CrimeEnvironmental CrimeUrbanization |
Author: Scheye, Eric Title: Heart of Africa's Organised Crime: Land, Property and Urbanisation Summary: Most analyses of organised crime in Africa focus on illegal trafficking of commodities such as drugs, arms and wildlife. However, there have been few studies of what may be the largest type of organised criminal activity in Africa: land allocation, real estate and property development, which includes infrastructure and the delivery of basic public services such as water and electricity, particularly in urban areas. All 10 of the world's fastest-growing cities are in Africa and Africa's urban population is projected to double by 2030 - 2035. By then, 50% of all Africans are likely to live in urban areas, mainly in informal settlements. This policy brief recommends steps that can make urban development less vulnerable to crime. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Enhancing Africa's Response to Transnational Organised Crime, 2019. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2019 at: https://enactafrica.org/research/policy-briefs/heart-of-africas-organised-crime-land-property-and-urbanisation Year: 2019 Country: Africa URL: https://enact-africa.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/2019-05-10-urbanisation-policy-brief-001.pdf Shelf Number: 156196 Keywords: AfricaLand RightsOrganized CrimeUrbanization |