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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for vandalism
37 results foundAuthor: Offler, Naomi Title: A Review of the Literature on Social, Non-Technical Deterrents for Vandalism in the Rail Industry Summary: This report discusses short and long term strategies for addressing vandalism and graffiti on rail property in Australia. Details: Brisbane: CRC for Rail Innovation, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116516 Keywords: DeterrenceGraffitiVandalism |
Author: Farmer, Stephen-Lee Title: An Evaluation of Graffiti as a Tool for Conveying Political and Social Messages Summary: This study considers ways in which graffiti is used as a tool to convey political and social messages that might otherwise be marginalized by modern society as well as other uses to which it is put. It does this by examining available literature including that in support of and opposing use of graffiti and by exploring the ways in which technology and the Internet have contributed to graffiti culture. Details: Plymouth, UK: University of Plymouth, School of Computing, Communications & Electronics, 2007, 42p. Source: Internet Source: Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 116687 Keywords: GraffitiPolitical OffensesVandalism |
Author: Hookstra, Cynthia L. Title: Adolescent Graffiti Vandalism: Exploring the Root Causes Summary: The city of Oxnard, California and its battle against graffiti vandalism is the subject of this case study. Oxnard is a microcosm of what many cities are being forced into nationwide in the perplexing battle for graffiti-free communities. With so many taxpayer dollars at stake, understanding the root causes becomes a priority for cities. A survey was prepared asking professional individuals who work with graffiti vandalism to list five factors they believe cause kids to become involved in graffiti vandalism. From those survey results, a youth survey was prepared to ask young people involved in graffiti vandalism why they felt kids become involved in graffiti vandalism. The two groups of survey results were then compared and analyzed. The results of the two surveys were almost the exact opposite of each other. The professionals see graffiti as a parental control issue and the youth see it as a peer or social activity. What causes the conflict between the two groups is the criminal aspect of graffiti, which is the destruction of property. If the criminal vandalism issue of graffiti was removed, there would be nothing to debate. Details: La Verne, CA: University of La Verne, 2009. 48p. Source: Master's Thesis Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117713 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Allen, Daniel Title: Fighting Graffiti: An Investigation of Causes and Solutions Summary: Beginning in the summer of 2005 and into the following winter, the Standish-Ericsson Neighborhood Association (SENA) received a number of complaints related to graffiti. A research intern was hired and this report presents the culmination of that internship and is designed to accomplish two purposes: 1) as an investigation of the problem, and 2) to provide direction for future resident and SENA action addressing graffiti. Details: Minneapolis: Standish-Ericsson Neighborhood Association, 2006. 54p. Source: Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116297 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Simmill-Binning, Cheryl Title: Daring to Damage: An Investigation of Young People's Motivations to Commit Acts of Criminal Damage in the North West of England Summary: This report examines the motivation of young people who commit acts of criminal damage. The focus of the research is young people between the ages of 14 and 25 years. Details: Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University, Applied Social Science Unit for Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), 2008(?). 77p. Source: A report for Lancashire's Strategic Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnership; Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 118583 Keywords: GraffitiVandalismYoung Offenders |
Author: Brace, Charlotte Title: The Relationship Between Crime and Road Safety Summary: The aim of this project was to review the literature on the relationship between crime and road safety, to identify pertinent Victorian crime and road safety data, and discuss how such data can be utilised to examine the relationship between crime and road safety. Of specific interest was the relationship between criminal activity of individuals and the likelihood of these individuals being involved in a fatal or serious injury outcome road crash. The key findings of this research suggests that t here is a positive relationship between: general negative behaviour (e.g. involvement in antisocial behaviours) and risky driving behaviour; criminal behaviour and traffic offences (specifically violence, theft & burglary and recidivist/drink driving, driving whilst disqualified; risky traffic behaviour contributing to a crash and criminal history (particularly for violent crime, vandalism, property crime, and involvement in traffic crime), and; crash involvement, drink driving and general criminal history including theft, car theft, drug and alcohol related crimes, violence and property damage. This report documents a variety of approaches that have been adopted internationally to examine these relationships, and highlights that such work has not been undertaken in Victoria to date. Moreover, the limitations and barriers for linking crime and road safety data in Victoria are discussed and these predominantly concern privacy and ethics, matching of data, issues with data analysis and cost/resource factors. A number of recommendations are made to overcome these data limitations, and to explore more fully the relationship between crime and road safety in Victoria. Details: Victoria, Australia: Monash University, Accident Research Centre, 2009. 60p. Source: Internet Resource; Report No. 284 Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119337 Keywords: Alcohol Related CrimeAutomobile TheftCrime (Victoria, Australia)Drunk DrivingMotor Vehicle TheftRecidivismTraffic OffensesVandalism |
Author: Council of Europe Title: The Protection of Historic Buildings and Their Artistic Contents Against Crime and Wilful Damage: Proceedings Summary: The legal protection of historic buildings, including their artistic contents, creates a judicial framework aimed at preventing protected objects from being destroyed, damaged or stolen. This also implies practical measures and technical means to ensure the security of historic buildings. It is generally agreed that threats due to - rather exceptional - natural causes and the daily action of atmospheric factors are in fact less dangerous for cultural property than those caused by people themselves: inappropriate actions due to ignorance, insufficient maintenance due to neglect or worse, theft, vandalism. Movable art treasures in religious buildings are particularly at risk. This colloquy presented and discussed measures taken for the protection of the heritage against theft, vandalism and fire. It evaluated them in the general context of the protection and the conservation of historic buildings in Europe. The aim of this colloquy was also to begin, on this basis, to consider ways of fighting these scourges, bearing in mind, amongst others, the possibilities given by recent developments in advanced technology. This event addressed specialists in the protection and conservation of the heritage, representatives of firms producing systems (against fire, theft and vandalism), policemen and other categories of people specialising in the prevention and the fight against this type of crime. Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, 1995. 168p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2010 at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/resources/Publications/Pat_PC_33_en.pdf Year: 1995 Country: International URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/resources/Publications/Pat_PC_33_en.pdf Shelf Number: 116661 Keywords: ArsonArt TheftCultural Property, ProtectionVandalism |
Author: Welsh Enterprise Institute (University of Glamorgan, Business School) Title: Putting the Economy Back on Track: Crimes Against Business Summary: The stark reality is that 64% of businesses fell victim to crime over a twelve-month period, and crime costs each business an average of £13,354 a year. The uncertainty in the financial markets is a concern for many small businesses, and an effective response to tackle crimes that are eating away at our local communities and national economy is now more important than ever. The survey results show that crimes targeted against small business are on the rise. Crime affects a business’ ability to meet customer deadlines and attract customers and adversely affects its profitability, ultimately resulting in businesses closing down and jobs and local economies being put at risk. Valuable time and resources are spent dealing with the aftermath of a crime and businesses are feeling the squeeze of narrowing profit margins and rising insurance premiums. Businesses, and their staff in the local community, are victims of repeat crime in the form of vandalism, vehicle damage and threatening behaviour. Crimes against business make up a significant 20%, or the ‘Forgotten Fifth’, of all recorded crime in the UK. An effective response at a national, regional and local level is necessary for the sustainability of our local communities and the national economy. Neighbourhood Policing Units (NPUs) are hailed as the answer to local crime problems. Businesses themselves have some faith in NPUs as an effective response to crime at a local level. However, far fewer businesses have had any direct contact with their local unit. This needs to change, especially when it is claimed that businesses are a ‘strategic partner’. NPUs should be engaging directly with the business community and making it a priority to factor their views and interests into local strategies to tackle crime against business. Details: London: Federation of Small Businesses, 2008. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2010 at: http://www.fsb.org.uk/policy/Publications Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.fsb.org.uk/policy/Publications Shelf Number: 119833 Keywords: Commercial CrimesCrime StatisticsCrimes Against BusinessesNeighborhood PolicingRetail CrimeVandalism |
Author: Johnson, Matthew Title: Property Victimization of College Students Summary: This report focuses on property victimization of college students. It is designed to examine the prevalence and frequency of property victimization; and explore the contexts in which it is most likely to occur. College students were selected because, according to previous studies, persons in their mid teens to mid 20s have a higher victimization rate than do other age groups. Non-violent property crimes including motor vehicle theft, theft of other items, burglary, and vandalism cost victims billions of dollars every year. Most of those property crime victimizations involve economic loss, most of which is never recovered. There has been little research on this kind of victimization among college students. Nevertheless, evidence shows that males and younger students are at greatest risk for experiencing some forms of property victimization, particularly theft. Data was collected from on an online survey of college students from seven public universities spread across the state of Texas. The overall racial/ethnic composition of the sample was comparable to the overall composition of all college students in the state. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, Criminal Justice Center, Sam Houston State University, 2009. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2010 at: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CSVictimizationPropertyCrimeReportFinalfromPress.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CSVictimizationPropertyCrimeReportFinalfromPress.pdf Shelf Number: 119866 Keywords: BurglaryColleges and UniversitiesProperty CrimeSchool CrimeStudents, Crimes AgainstVandalismVehicle TheftVictimizationVictims of Crime |
Author: Seattle (Washington). Office of City Auditor Title: City of Seattle Anti-Graffiti Efforts: Best Practices and Recommendations Summary: Writing, painting, or drawing on public or private property without the owner’s permission is not permitted under the law in the City of Seattle (Seattle Municipal Code 12A.08.020). In addition, the City of Seattle also has a Graffiti Nuisance Code (Seattle Municipal Code 10.07) that requires property owners to promptly remove graffiti found on their property after notice from the City of Seattle. During our audit we collected a wide variety of views about the impact of graffiti. A web survey of over 900 Seattle residents, businesses and organizations revealed a range of public opinion, with 39% indicating that graffiti was not a problem and 40% indicating that graffiti was a medium to very big problem. These results appear to reflect how often respondents had been the victim of graffiti: 37% percent had never been victims, while 33% had been victimized at least several times a year. Our systematic, single-day, physical count of graffiti in four sample areas in two Seattle neighborhoods (each .7 miles) captured 556 instances of graffiti including 551 common tags and five that appeared to be gang graffiti. We found that public property was nearly twice as commonly tagged as private property, with traffic/street signs, utility poles, and pay stations as common targets. Details: Seattle: Office of City Auditor, 2010. 116p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2011 at: http://www.seattle.gov/audit/docs/2010GraffitiReport.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.seattle.gov/audit/docs/2010GraffitiReport.pdf Shelf Number: 121275 Keywords: Graffiti (Seattle)Vandalism |
Author: Schoenfelder, Jeremy Title: Options for Reducing Copper Theft Summary: This research investigated the theft of copper, including scope, impacts, and countermeasures. The researchers completed a literature review to demonstrate a global perspective of the problem. They took a survey of other state departments of transportation, utility companies, and developers to determine both successful and unsuccessful techniques being used to deter copper theft and the impact copper theft had on other geographical regions and other industries. Additionally, the researchers conducted a site survey to gain knowledge of the specific issues impacting the Arizona Department of Transportation and what mitigation techniques it was implementing. During the time of the research it was found: 1. The Arizona Department of Transportation estimates that costs over the last two years have exceeded $500,000. 2. The Arizona Department of Transportation has been diligent in implementing and adapting various methods and/or techniques to prevent copper theft and apprehend culprits. Suggested mitigation techniques include: 1. Implement a collaborative effort among ADOT, the contracted private investigation firm, and outside consultant(s) to review and amend efforts on a periodic basis to maximize effectiveness through a think-tank type of approach. 2. Implement a program that would monitor ongoing development of methods used by other organizations. 3. Make particular use of the Copper Keeper, a device that makes it difficult to pull wire through conduit by locking the wire in place through the tightening of a compression bolt. Details: Tucson, AZ: Arizona Department of Transportation, 2009. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Final Report 657: Accessed August 15, 2011 at: http://www.azdot.gov/TPD/ATRC/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ657.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.azdot.gov/TPD/ATRC/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ657.pdf Shelf Number: 122393 Keywords: Copper Theft (Arizona)Metal TheftVandalism |
Author: Montealegre, Francisco Title: Jobsite Security in Residential Construction Summary: Construction crime can cost a homebuilder hundreds to thousands of dollars each year. Theft and vandalism on construction sites is a common problem for the construction industry. Therefore, securing the jobsite is critical to avoid theft and vandalism. This thesis presents the effects that theft and vandalism have on the homebuilding industry as well as the common measures taken by residential contractors in Florida to curtail jobsite crime. Data for this research were obtained through a mailed survey. The survey participants consisted of Florida members of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). Based on 128 survey respondents the results of this research show that construction theft and vandalism incidents are serious problems but they can be minimized by taking precautionary measures. Most thefts are preventable, and if precautions are not taken, profits will be adversely impacted. Ignoring the problem does not only make the problem worse, but encourages criminals to attack again. A culture of planning and reporting crimes needs to be created among homebuilders in order to address this problem at the root. Details: Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 2003. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Master's Thesis: Accessed September 3, 2011 at: http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0001192/montealegre_f.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0001192/montealegre_f.pdf Shelf Number: 122530 Keywords: Building SecurityConstruction TheftCrime PreventionHome SecurityVandalism |
Author: Bandaranaike, Suniti Title: Graffiti Hotspots: Physical Environment or Human Dimension? Summary: Graffiti is a prominent icon in contemporary urban landscapes with some areas being more dominant or hotspots, than others. This research examines whether the occurrence and characteristics of graffiti are related to the underlying physical environment or is it a consequence of the demographic [human] dimension or both? Land use types and urban design features were utilised as surrogate measures of the physical environment. The research used intensive field surveys carried out in Townsville between 1998 and 2002 to locate characteristics of graffiti at each location including type of graffiti, frequency, mode, medium used, lighting and visibility. These were correlated with specific land use types to assess patterns and frequency of graffiti. The hotspots were geo-coded and spatially mapped and the physical characteristics of each space identified. The research also uses population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics to correlate graffiti hot spots with underlying demographic and socio-economic characteristics of these same regions. This research highlights the relevance of using field audits and local governments taking into consideration the multiple factors in both the physical and human landscapes when formulating and implementing strategies on graffiti in the urban landscape. Details: Paper presented at the Graffiti and Disorder Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with the Australian Local Government Association and held in Brisbane, 18-19 August 2003. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 23, 2012 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/events/aic%20upcoming%20events/2003/~/media/conferences/2003-graffiti/bandaranaike.pdf Year: 2003 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/events/aic%20upcoming%20events/2003/~/media/conferences/2003-graffiti/bandaranaike.pdf Shelf Number: 123736 Keywords: Graffiti (Australia)Vandalism |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office. Secretary of State Title: Putting Victims First - More Effective Responses to Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: 'Putting victims first – more effective responses to antisocial behaviour'. It sets out the government's plans to deliver on the commitment to introduce more effective measures to tackle antisocial behaviour, and puts them in the wider context of the our reforms to the policing and criminal justice landscape and work to turn round the lives of the most troubled families. The term 'antisocial behaviour' masks a range of nuisance, disorder and crime which affects people's lives on a daily basis: from vandalism and graffiti; to drunk or rowdy behaviour in public; to intimidation and harassment. All have huge impacts on the lives of millions of people in this country. None are acceptable. Many police forces, local authorities and social landlords are working hard to to deal with these problems. However, too often, the harm that antisocial behaviour causes, particularly when it is persistently targeted at the most vulnerable people in our society, is overlooked. At the heart of our new approach is a fundamental shift towards focussing on the needs of victims, rather than the type of behaviour. We know what victims of antisocial behaviour want. First and foremost they want the behaviour to stop, and the perpetrators to be punished for what they've done. They want the authorities to take their problem seriously, to understand the impact on their lives and to protect them from further harm. They want the issue dealt with swiftly and they don’t want it to happen again. The mistake of the past was to think that the government could tackle antisocial behaviour itself. However, this is a fundamentally local problem that looks and feels different in every area and to every victim. Local agencies should respond to the priorities of the communities they serve, not to those imposed from Whitehall. From November this year, directly elected police and crime commissioners will be a powerful new voice for local people, able to push local priorities to prevent antisocial behaviour from being relegated to a 'second-tier' issue. The government does, however, have a crucial role in supporting local areas. We will do that by: focusing the response to anti-social behaviour on the needs of victims - helping agencies to identify and support people at high risk of harm, giving frontline professionals more freedom to do what they know works, and improving our understanding of the experiences of victims empowering communities to get involved in tackling anti-social behaviour – including by giving victims and communities the power to ensure action is taken to deal with persistent antisocial behaviour through a new community trigger, and making it easier for communities to demonstrate in court the harm they are suffering ensuring professionals are able to protect the public quickly – giving them faster, more effective formal powers, and speeding up the eviction process for the most antisocial tenants, in response to recent consultations by the Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government focusing on long-term solutions – by addressing the underlying issues that drive antisocial behaviour, such as binge drinking, drug use, mental health issues, troubled family backgrounds and irresponsible dog ownership It is vital that those who will be affected by these changes, from the professionals who will use the new powers, to victims seeking protection from targeted abuse, can continue to shape the reforms so that we get them right first time. We will therefore publish a draft bill for pre-legislative scrutiny before introducing legislation. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2012 at: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Shelf Number: 125269 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductGraffitiNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalismVictims of Crime |
Author: Bray, Liz Title: Green Spaces...Safer Spaces: Anti-Social Behaviour in Green Spaces Summary: Crime, the fear of crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour in green spaces are some of the things that most worry people and put them off using and enjoying the spaces for relaxation and recreation. The activities of a few offenders affect almost everyone who uses or would like to use green space. Crimes and various types of anti-social behaviour such as vandalism, graffiti, under-age drinking, sex offences and assaults, do occur in parks and green spaces. People can see for themselves the effects of vandal damage, fly tipping, spray painting, discarded bottles, cans and glue containers, trampling and wheel ruts and they are put off using the areas most badly or most frequently abused. Some spaces have a worse reputation than others and they are often areas that are underused by the rest of the community. Tall, dense shrubbery and lack of lighting also attract undesirable activities. 1.2 The fear of crime is a very strong factor for many people and word travels fast when serious incidents happen. Crime, particularly serious crime, is extremely rare in parks and other public places. When it does happen it is usually very widely reported at the time, but most users of Newcastle’s green spaces will not experience crime. 1.3 During the Green Spaces Strategy preparation we carried out extensive consultation and the following came up as major concerns over and over again. (See Para 2.1) Details of the consultations are on the Parks and Green Space web page. In a 2002 survey the top bad points were as follows with crime and anti-social behaviour accounting for five out of the seven. 1. litter (32%) 2. dog fouling (26%) 3. not well maintained (19%) 4. unsafe (15%) 5. vandalism (11%) 6. insufficient green space (10%) 7. threatening youths (10%) In specific consultations with young people and disabled people, personal safety was among their top concerns. Details: Newcastle City, UK: Newcastle City Council, 2004. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 4, 2012 at: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/wwwfileroot/legacy/ns/leisure/greenspaces/Antisocialbehaviouringreenspaces.pdf Shelf Number: 126240 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Fear of CrimeGraffitiLitteringPublic SpaceVandalism |
Author: Cheesman, Fred Title: Philadelphia Community Court Evaluation Final Report: Outcome/Impact Analysis and Update on Process Evaluation Summary: In the 1990s, the Center City District of Philadelphia began experiencing an increase in the number of what are generally termed “quality-of-life” crimes, such as vandalism, prostitution, disorderly conduct, and minor thefts. City and justice system officials recognized that because of jail and prison overcrowding, insufficient alternative sentencing options, and the need to focus limited resources on more serious crimes, quality-of-life crimes were a low priority for law enforcement and had become virtually decriminalized. This report presents the methodology and findings of the evaluation of the outcome and implementation of the Philadelphia Community Court (PCC), which was established to process “quality-of-life” crimes, such as vandalism, prostitution, disorderly conduct, and minor thefts. Details: Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Coruts, 2010. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2012 at: http://dn2vfhykblonm.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/philadelphia_community_court_final_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://dn2vfhykblonm.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/philadelphia_community_court_final_report.pdf Shelf Number: 127089 Keywords: -Nuisance Behaviors and DisorderCommunitiy Courts (Philadelphia)Disorderly ConductProblem-Solving CourtsProstitutionPublic Order OffensesVandalism |
Author: Morgan, Anthony Title: Effective Crime Prevention Interventions for Implementation by Local Government Summary: Councils are responsible for a range of services related to crime prevention, including managing public space and building design, providing a range of community services and developing policies that affect local businesses. More recently, there has been increasing pressure on local government to contribute to the delivery of a variety of social services and to engage in social planning. This comprehensive report is a collaboration between the Crime Prevention Division of the NSW Department of Attorney General and Justice, and the AIC. It is a large-scale systematic review of interventions to prevent a number of crime types identified as priority areas for local councils in New South Wales. Offences such as non-domestic violence related assault; break and enter; car theft; retail theft and malicious damage were reviewed against specific crime prevention methods. The AIC provided the NSW CPD with a summary of the evidence in support of interventions for each priority crime type. A number of preferred intervention types were selected that could be implemented by local councils, with the support of the CPD, in areas with a significant crime problem. This study has led to a series of handbooks to assist local government to select, adapt and implement the preferred interventions. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2012. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Public policy Series 120: Accessed January 17, 2013 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/rpp/100-120/rpp120.html Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/rpp/100-120/rpp120.html Shelf Number: 127285 Keywords: Crime Prevention (Australia)Malicious DamageMotor-Vehicle TheftPublic SpaceResidential BurglarySituational Crime PreventionStealingTheftVandalism |
Author: Renaud, Jorge Antonio Title: Effective Approaches for Reducing Graffiti in Texas Summary: Over recent years, Texas cities have increased their efforts to address and prevent graffiti. Some cities have implemented abatement programs, aimed at educating communities about graffiti, while simultaneously engaging in expensive cleanup efforts. Others have ramped up arrests for graffiti, which can now lead to prison terms. Further criminalizing graffiti adds significant costs without providing property owners and communities any true relief. Enforcement and incarceration come with a high price-tag in the immediate term, but long-term costs also result from criminalizing individuals, many of them youth, for graffiti offenses. A criminal conviction poses lifelong barriers, including limited employment and housing opportunities. Fewer contributions to the local tax base end up burdening communities, while a lack of opportunities drives people to further criminal behavior. Considering the economic and personal costs of criminalizing certain behavior, Texas must begin identifying and implementing approaches, like House Bill 3494 by Representative Joe Moody, that address and prevent graffiti without relying solely on incarceration. This report, Effective Approaches for Reducing Graffiti in Texas: Strategies to Save Money and Beautify Communities, offers solutions to graffiti that will save money while bringing together the best elements of innovative approaches. Studies recommend a “rapid response” approach: eradicating graffiti within 48 hours. This has proven most successful in preventing recurring instances of graffiti. Another method promotes community involvement, encouraging graffitists to turn their artistic talents into mural paintings. In Philadelphia, this has resulted in the city becoming famous for the quality of its murals and the cohesiveness of its neighborhoods. Details: Austin, TX: Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, 2013. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed April 2, 2013 at: http://www.texascjc.org/effective-approaches-reducing-graffiti-texas Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.texascjc.org/effective-approaches-reducing-graffiti-texas Shelf Number: 128184 Keywords: Graffiti (Texas)Vandalism |
Author: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) Title: Discrimination and Hate Crime Against Jews in EU Member States: Experiences and perceptions of antisemitism Summary: Antisemitism is one of the most alarming examples of how prejudice can endure, lingering on for centuries, curbing Jewish people's chances to enjoy their legally guaranteed rights to human dignity, freedom of thought, conscience and religion or non-discrimination. Despite European Union (EU) and Member States' best efforts, many Jews across the EU continue to face insults, discrimination, harassment and physical violence that may keep them from living their lives openly as Jews. Nevertheless, there is little concrete information available on the extent and nature of antisemitism that Jewish people encounter in the EU today - whether at work, in public places, at school or in the media - information critical to policy makers seeking to craft effective solutions to bring an end to such discrimination. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) has reported on the available official and unofficial data on antisemitic incidents in its Annual report on Fundamental rights: challenges and achievements, as well as in a separate annual working paper - Antisemitism: Summary overview of the situation in the EU - which presents trends on the available data covering up to 10 years. This provides a long-term view of the developments concerning antisemitic incidents. These reports are part of FRA's body of work on hate crime, shining light on the experiences of various groups such as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) persons, immigrants and ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities. The available data fail to answer many questions, however, which are of keen interest to policy makers looking to improve responses to antisemitic acts. Effective solutions require information on the types of antisemitic incidents, the context in which they take place and the reasons why many incidents are not reported at all, indeed, why official statistics markedly underestimate the number of antisemitic incidents and the number of people exposed to these acts. Furthermore, even the most basic official statistics on antisemitic incidents are not available in many EU Member States. To close this information gap and facilitate effective solutions, FRA carried out the first-ever survey to collect comparable data across a number of EU Member States on Jewish people's experiences and perceptions of antisemitism, hate crime and discrimination. In the survey, which was conducted in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom, 5,847 self-identified Jewish people took part. The survey was also carried out in Romania, but due to the small number of responses in Romania these results are presented separately in Annex 2 of this report. The survey also provides data on exposure to antisemitic acts against the Jewish community, such as vandalism of Jewish sites or antisemitic messages in the broadcast media or on the internet. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2013 at: http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Shelf Number: 131695 Keywords: AntisemitismBias-Motivated CrimesDiscriminationHate Crimes (Europe)PrejudiceVandalism |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Tourism, Nightlife and Violence: A Cross Cultural Analysis and Preventive Recommendations Summary: At first glance, violence and tourism do not seem closely related. Holidays are that time in which we get away from our daily routines in search of fun and rest, somewhere different, spending leisure time with family and friends, or even alone. So peoples spirits and expectations should be high in anticipation of their trip. But why do we frequently hear news about young people dying in tourist resorts after falling from the balconies of their hotels? Why do we read about fights in discotheques, in which somebody can end up having a bottle smashed over their head? Why are the emergency services saturated in some resorts, especially in summer, attending to hundreds of cases of young people poisoned by alcohol or other substances? It would seem, indeed, that the panorama is not the idyllic one we might expect. A first response, simple and somewhat conjectural, is that the kinds of problems described above are caused by the typical behaviour of young tourists from central and northern Europe who visit Mediterranean resorts. But this cannot be the case: neither is it the majority who behave violently, nor do they normally behave like that in their countries of origin. What is it, then, that triggers such inappropriate, sometimes vandalistic, aggressive and frenzied behaviour? This is the question to which we try and respond in this report. Over a period of four years (2007-2010) we have collected data from young tourists visiting the Balearic Islands (Spain), as well as other destinations, such as Algarve (Portugal), Venice (Italy), Crete (Greece) or Cyprus. In these studies and in others there is a constant factor, which is the abusive consumption of alcohol. We know that alcohol is a powerful disinhibitor of executive control. This control is exercised in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, telling us what it is appropriate to do and what it is not, and helping us to weigh up the consequences and make decisions accordingly. In states of intoxication this control disappears. Thus, a large part of such inappropriate behaviours could be attributed to the abuse of alcohol and drunkenness. But this is only the first part of the explanation. The next step is to ask ourselves how these contexts facilitate such behaviours. In many tourist destinations alcoholic drinks are offered at giveaway prices. Indeed, it is sometimes as cheap (or as expensive) to buy a beer as it is to buy a bottle of water. The nightlife scene is frequently livened up with images and promotions with recreational-sexual content, creating an atmosphere of anything goes. This strategy can often be seen in offers from tour operators and local businesses targeting young holidaymakers in particular. It is hardly surprising, then, that tourists arrive with pre-programmed expectations of wild parties and a culture of excess, which act as facilitators of these inappropriate behaviours. But the health-risk behaviours associated with the abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs extend beyond violence to cover, for example, sex-related behaviours promiscuity, sex without condom, sexual harassment; moreover, being under the effects of alcohol or other substances makes it more likely for one to be the victim of theft, road accidents and accidents of other types (e.g., falls). We can see, then, a whole range of problems deriving from this holidaymaking style revolving around the nightlife context, though naturally it also involves positive aspects of socialization. Why do we not create the global conditions for this type of tourism to give way to a more high-quality kind of tourism, without involving financial losses for the sector? In the countries of origin of these young tourists, many companies in the nightlife leisure sector have opted to promote a high-quality type of nightlife recreational context, based on the latest criteria developed in the field. However, it is not common for such measures to be applied in holiday resorts. On the contrary, there seems to be a certain reluctance to adopt new measures for fear of losing markets; there is a view that some of the changes mooted would increase costs and lead to a loss of competitiveness; permissiveness has become a selling point. The tourist industry itself will not take the matter seriously until there is a global and synergic initiative that forces the different groups involved to seek consensus-based solutions. Such efforts should be supported by a law or by local regulations providing the conditions for achieving standards of quality in our tourism, and by the application of prevention programs of proven efficacy. Equally essential is the cooperation of the consulates and tourist ministries from the tourists country of origin. Without an awareness of the need for change at an international level and common goals in the medium and long term with benefits for all the parties involved, it will be difficult to produce a robust response to this problem. This report sets out, on the one hand, to offer a detailed analysis of the situation, but at the same time to serve as a resource of concrete and viable ideas and proposals for better practice in all those sectors involved in the tourist industry. Details: Palma de Mallorca: IREFREA, 2010. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 131950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyTourismVandalism |
Author: New South Wales Department of Attorney General & Justice Title: Graffiti Vandalism: The Motivations and Modus Operandi of Persons Who Do Graffiti Summary: There has been a significant increase in the number of graffiti vandalism incidents recorded by the NSW Police over the last decade. Graffiti vandalism is a crime that has significant financial and social impacts on the NSW community, affecting government utilities, public transport operators, local government, business owners and residents. The cost of graffiti management diverts government funds from important services for the community. The NSW Government has a long-standing commitment to dealing with the problem of graffiti in the NSW community. This commitment has seen the establishment of graffiti taskforces, such as the Anti-Graffiti Action Team (AGAT, established in 2006), changes to legislation and the provision of funds to Local Councils to implement targeted graffiti management strategies. The NSW State Plan deals with graffiti management under Priority R3: Reducing Anti-Social Behaviour. A broad range of programs and initiatives aimed at reducing graffiti vandalism have been introduced across Australia and internationally. However, there is little evidence available on the motivations and modus operandi of the people who commit graffiti vandalism. Details: Sydney: NSW Department of Justice and Attorney General, 2009. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 12, 2014 at: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.melbournegraffiti.com/news/The-motivations-and-modus-operandi-of-persons-who-do-graffiti.pdf Shelf Number: 132342 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorGraffitiVandalism |
Author: Burke, Cynthia Title: Graffiti Tracker:An Evaluation of the San Diego County Multi-Discipline Graffiti Abatement Program Summary: The goal of the San Diego County Multi-Discipline Graffiti Abatement Program is to utilize technology (Graffiti Tracker) to better document graffiti and identify and convict the most prolific offenders regionally. The system may enhance law enforcement's ability to identify graffiti taggers and gather evidence for prosecution of multiple acts of vandalism, which could result in longer sentences and larger fines, as well as serve as a deterrent to other individuals. To determine if the anticipated benefits of Graffiti Tracker are realized, SANDAG conducted an evaluation to determine how implementation varied across the region and what the impact was for all agencies participating in the pilot program. The final report was completed in June 2012 and can be accessed below. Results from the evaluation include the number of incidents documented during the pilot program, as well as how many incidents were linked across jurisdictions, how many cases were solved, and how much restitution was ordered. Details: San Diego: SANDAG, 2012. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2014 at: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/projectid/projectid_391_14469.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/projectid/projectid_391_14469.pdf Shelf Number: 132854 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Campbell, Annemarie Title: The Ripple Effect: How Does Alcohol Affect Communities in the City of Glasgow? Summary: This research sought to examine through direct community consultation, whether citizens of Glasgow City felt alcohol affected their community, and if so, to identify and examine these effects. Like the ripple effect created by a pebble in a pond the 'ripple effect' of alcohol is thought to go far beyond the individual and their immediate family. But does a ripple effect resulting from alcohol use occur in Glasgow City's communities? And if so, what are the effects and how widely are they felt? In order to examine this effectively, volunteers were recruited from within Glasgow City's communities to become community researchers. The community members were identified through the various alcohol and drug fora across the city which are affiliated to the Communities Sub-group of the Glasgow City Addictions Planning and Implementation Group. Key Findings The researchers consulted with 4697 people from a variety of age groups from all areas of the city: - 99% of people felt alcohol affected their area to at least some degree - 79% felt the effect to be medium to large or large Groups of people felt to be more affected: - Young People - using alcohol/or being victims of person related crime (e.g. rape, assault) - Elderly- intimidation/fear of going out at certain times - Younger children - unable to play outside or in parks safely How were communities affected? People were asked to give examples of positive ('good') effects and negative ('bad') effects of alcohol use. Overwhelmingly people offered examples of negative effects felt in their communities: - Positive effects accounted for only 5% of all example effects given and were largely said only to be true if alcohol was used in moderation - Negative effects accounted for 95% of example effects given Twenty three separate negative effects were identified from within example statements. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow City Addictions Planning and Implementation Group, Glasgow Community and Safety Services, 2013? 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 6, 2014 at: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2582&p=0 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2582&p=0 Shelf Number: 126305 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderVandalism |
Author: Morgan, Anthony Title: Tackling property damage: A guide for local commerce groups, councils and police Summary: Property damage is the intentional 'destruction or defacement of public, commercial and private property' (Howard 2006: 1). This covers a range of different acts, including vandalism (eg smashing windows, knocking over letterboxes) and graffiti. Graffiti is the act of marking property with writing, symbols or graphics and is illegal when committed without the property owner's consent (White 2001). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Crime Victimisation Survey 2011-2012, malicious property damage was more common than any other property offence, with 7.5 percent of respondents reporting having been a victim in the previous 12 months (ABS 2013). The cost of property damage to private property owners, local and state governments and businesses are significant, with an estimated cost of $1,522 per incident (in 2012 dollars) and a total cost to the Australian community of nearly $2 billion each year (Rollings 2008). This handbook forms part of a series of guides developed by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) to support local commerce groups (ie representative groups for business owners and operators), local government and the police to implement evidence-based crime prevention strategies. This handbook has been developed to help guide project managers through the stages of planning, implementing and evaluating a crime prevention project to reduce property damage offences in their local community, particularly in and around commercial precincts. The handbook provides an overview of the three key stages that are involved in delivering a project to reduce property damage: - Stage 1: Planning; - Stage 2: Implementation; and - Stage 3: Review. These steps do not necessarily need to be undertaken in order. Some steps may be undertaken concurrently or it may be necessary to revisit earlier steps. However, it is vital that some steps, such as consulting stakeholders and planning for evaluation, be undertaken early on in the project. Property damage is a very broad offence category. The choice of a particular intervention or interventions will depend largely on the nature of the local problem. Similarly, the successful implementation of a prevention strategy will often be heavily influenced by the characteristics of the local community. This needs to be considered throughout the life of a project. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Practice Report No. 35: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip35/rip35.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip35/rip35.pdf Shelf Number: 133119 Keywords: Crime PreventionGraffitiProperty DamageVandalism |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Reform of anti-social behaviour powers. Statutory Guidance for frontline professionals Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a broad term used to describe the day-to-day incidents of crime, nuisance and disorder that make many people's lives a misery - from litter and vandalism, to public drunkenness or aggressive dogs, to noisy or abusive neighbours. Such a wide range of behaviours means that responsibility for dealing with anti-social behaviour is shared between a number of agencies, particularly the police, councils and social landlords. Victims can feel helpless, bounced from one agency to another and then back again. In many cases, the behaviour is targeted against the most vulnerable in our society and even what is perceived as 'low level' anti-social behaviour, when targeted and persistent, can have devastating effects on a victim's life. Our reforms are designed to put victims at the heart of the response to anti-social behaviour, and give professionals the flexibility they need to deal with any given situation. This is statutory guidance issued under sections 19, 32, 41, 56, 73 and 91 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and replaces the draft guidance issued in October 2013. This guidance is written primarily for the police officers, council staff and social landlords who will use the new powers. Part 1 looks at the new measures being introduced to give victims a greater say in the way their reports of anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Part 2 then outlines the new powers. We have worked closely with frontline professionals, victims and others in the development of the legislation, and we will continue to work to ensure that this guidance helps professionals make best use of the new powers to protect the public. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Shelf Number: 133746 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalism |
Author: Ramsey, Stephanie Title: Malicious damage to property offences in Bourke Local Government Area Summary: Aim: To describe the nature of malicious damage to property offences in Bourke Local Government Area (LGA). This paper considers the characteristics of both the offence and known offenders. Summary: In the 12 months to March 2014, the rate of malicious damage to property offences in Bourke LGA was the highest in NSW (5,003 incidents per 100,000). Overall, while the number of malicious damage to property offences in NSW has been declining, the number of offences recorded in Bourke LGA has remained stable. The majority of incidents in Bourke are recorded as general malicious damage to property offences (94%), with only nine incidents recorded as graffiti. Malicious damage to property incidents mainly occur between 3pm-6pm on Sundays and Mondays in the vicinity of the town centre. The average cost of these offences in Bourke is $769. Almost all malicious damage to property offenders in Bourke were young, Indigenous males. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2014. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper no. 100: Accessed December 9, 2014 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l4/bb100.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l4/bb100.pdf Shelf Number: 134293 Keywords: Crime Statistics Graffiti Property Crime (Australia) Vandalism |
Author: Cox, Joanne Title: Tagging and Graffiti: Attitudes and Experiences of New Zealanders Summary: The central aim of the study was to: - develop understanding of offender motivation and attitudes of young people more generally to tagging and graffiti. More specific questions form the central objectives of the study: - to develop knowledge of offenders' attitudes toward graffiti and tagging; - to understand the extent (if any) to which tagging and graffiti offending is associated with other criminal activity; - to identify factors that shape 'involvement decisions', 'event decisions' and 'desistance decisions' (Cornish and Clarke, 2006); - to examine the extent to which the transgressive nature of tagging and graffiti are central to offender motivation; - to establish the relationships between tagging, graffiti and other aspects of youth subculture. The research was conducted via an online survey and a series of focus groups. Findings from the survey and focus groups are presented in relation to three broad themes: general attitudes toward graffiti, the commissioning and writing of graffiti and tagging, and desistance from graffiti and tagging. Four themes of general significance emerge from the data: - graffiti writers do not form a group clearly or wholly distinct from non-graffiti writers; - graffiti is a meaningful cultural and social practice for writers and only indirectly 'appreciated' for its illegality; - graffiti writing is associated with a desire for local celebrity; - graffiti writers' perspectives on desistance suggest highly bounded rationality about prevention strategies. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Criminology, Victoria University Wellington, 2009. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2016 at: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/young_people_and_crime/Tagging_Report_VUW_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/young_people_and_crime/Tagging_Report_VUW_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 137858 Keywords: GraffitiPublic OpinionVandalism |
Author: Araya Lopez, Alexander Title: Public spaces, stigmatization and media discourses of graffiti practices in the Latin American press: Dynamics of symbolic exclusion and inclusion of urban youth Summary: This dissertation focuses on the discourses about graffiti practices (including tagging culture and pichacao/pixacao) in two Latin American newspapers, namely La Nacion in Costa Rica and Folha de Sao Paulo in Brazil. Considering ongoing processes of physical and symbolic exclusion directed towards urban youth, these discourses seem to be anchored in broader discussions regarding both the public sphere (in Habermas's sense) and shared public spaces. This research approaches "graffiti" in its multiplicity, emphasizing the diversity of (young) producers and their political, aesthetic and economic purposes. The all-encompassing notion of "youth" is also called into question, proposing a more open approach to what are called "youth cultures". Five different (but intertwined) discourses have been identified in this research, targeting both graffiti practices and producers: First, the medical-epidemiological discourse linked to hygiene and social prophylaxis. Second, the legal frame, in which graffiti is considered a form of vandalism, a threat to common heritage and to the maintenance of social order. Third, the criminogenic discourse, in which graffiti inscriptions are related to the (re)production of social violence. Fourth, an emergent discourse of social value, highlighting the role of graffiti practices in social campaigns (mostly directed toward peripheral youth). And fifth, the discourse that emphasizes the aesthetic or artistic value of the practice, including its recognition in both art institutions and the art market. While processes of co-optation are visible in relation to some of these productions, the unauthorized form of graffiti inscriptions (mostly tagging and pichacao/pixacao) could be read as a form of political communication, in the sense of acts of civil disobedience. The discussion of the notion of "space" is also included in this research, highlighting the necessity of recognizing the existence of alternative and countercultural spaces, as well as the affective/emotional uses of space. Therefore, considering the debate on the right to the city (proposed by Lefebvre), this research proposes approaching graffiti production as a form of dissent opposing the capitalist-oriented spatial rationality of contemporary urban environments. In short, an analysis of the discourses associated with practices such as graffiti production is crucial in order to understand the processes of production of urban environments, the policies associated with these spaces and the notions of "normalcy" and "order" that supposedly define them. Details: Berlin: Freien Universitt Berlin, 2015. 236p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 28, 2016 at: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000017060/Doktorarbeit_ARAYA_LOPEZ_ALEXANDER_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Latin America URL: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000017060/Doktorarbeit_ARAYA_LOPEZ_ALEXANDER_2015.pdf Shelf Number: 140493 Keywords: GraffitiPublic SpacesVandalism |
Author: Willcocks, Marcus Title: Graffiti Vandalism in Public Areas and Transport Reprot and Categorisation Summary: This report builds the starting point and fundament of the Graffolution research activities. It delivers information from an extensive literature review focusing on the extent of graffiti vandalism in Europe with specific concentration on public areas and transport. Early insights showed that the available data on the extent of graffiti vandalism is very fractured which makes a consistent European wide analysis challenging. The main problem is that there are very different forms of categorising graffiti vandalism based on very different views on the topic. The report provides critical insights about these existing categorisation models that are used to compare and understand graffiti vandalism. With an international perspective it reviews existing graffiti vandalism categorisations and from the literature a consistent categorisation model is developed thereby allowing the coherent restructuring of data and subsequent integration into the Graffolution platform. In contrast to the degenerative accounts of graffiti, the review also provides pertinent accounts of the prosocial regenerative effect and use of graffiti and street art. The following chapter describes the methodical approach that was chosen to gather and analyse the available data in a consistent way. The next section delivers essential insights of the reviewed sources and provides important background information on the gathered literature. The following state of the art chapter is divided into three subsections. Firstly, various existing categorisation models on graffiti vandalism are presented. Secondly concrete data (e.g. statistical data) is compiled for public areas as well as for public transport. Thirdly the gathered information was used to deduct a structured categorisation model. The implications chapter discusses main insights of the literature review and the conclusion section will finally give an outlook on the upcoming deliverables of Graffolution and how they will apply the insights gathered in this report. Details: Vienna, Austria: Graffolution, 2015. 119p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 29, 2016 at: http://project.graffolution.eu/wp-content/uploads/deliverable/Graffolution_608152_D2%201-Graffiti-vandalism-in-public-areas-and-transport-report-and-categorisation-model.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://project.graffolution.eu/wp-content/uploads/deliverable/Graffolution_608152_D2%201-Graffiti-vandalism-in-public-areas-and-transport-report-and-categorisation-model.pdf Shelf Number: 146132 Keywords: GraffitiVandalism |
Author: Bhati, Abhishek Dalip Singh. Title: Stakeholder responses to vandalism at visitor attractions: a Singapore and Bangkok comparisons Summary: his PhD project considered specific tourist behaviours designated as acts of tourist vandalism. The study sought to understand stakeholder responses to the tourist linked vandalism. The context of this work was the tropics - specifically the popular tourism destinations of Singapore and Bangkok in South East Asia. Stakeholders considered were the community, managers of tourist facilities and government agency personnel responsible for policy matters related to attraction management. Each group of stakeholders held potentially different perspectives and likely responses to deviant behaviours. Component parts of the study considered the responses which aim to reduce or eliminate deviant behaviors. The research employed a post-positivist methodology to investigate the extent of vandalism, stakeholder attitudes, levels of community participation, nature of intervention strategies and future intentions related to visitor vandalism and its control. By applying the defensible space and crime prevention through environment design (CPTED) constructs from environmental design and management, the extent and nature of vandalism at visitor attractions was initially explored. In the subsequent parts of the work, the community, site managers and government officers’ responses were all investigated through surveys and structured interviews. Building on the major themes in the background literature reported in Chapters One and Two, Chapter Three specifically reported on a physical audit of 22 matched sites and discussed the prevalence of acts of property damage/vandalism at visitor attractions in the two countries. The visitor attractions were grouped into clusters with the help of the SPSS cluster analysis program. The cluster analysis revealed that sites under the sustainable cluster employed effective vandalism prevention and control practices in their operations. In comparison, the vandalised cluster evidenced mismanagement and lack of stakeholder participation resulting in widespread property damage. The other clusters were characterised by poor management practices, lack of ownership and participation or poor enforcement. Chapter Four evaluated community responses, their involvement with other stakeholder groups in joint action to address vandalism and desired levels of involvement to arrive at a better understanding of community’s role in addressing property damage. The study found that there was a widespread view that vandalism was a serious issue but there was also optimism in both locations, especially Bangkok, that the problem would be reduced in the future, although willingness to be involved in active intervention was not high. The third and final study in Chapter Five concentrated on the attitudes and responses of stakeholder groups such as site managers and government officers to property damage at visitor attraction under their supervision. This particular chapter explicitly highlighted the differences between responses of key stakeholder groups. Four key stakeholder groups were identified for the study: site managers in Bangkok (BSM), site managers in Singapore (SSM), government officers in Bangkok (BGO) and government offices in Singapore (SGO). The interview transcripts of the four groups were analysed with the help of relatively new and powerful content analysis software, Leximancer. The findings showed significant differences in the attitudes of the four stakeholder groups in terms of seriousness of property damage as a problem at the visitor attractions under their supervision. The concluding Chapter Six linked the findings and conclusions to the overall research problem. The chapter described the contributions of this research as a novel comparative study involving tropical tourism destinations in the Asia Pacific region. The limitations and challenges of the work were presented, and then the future directions of this area of inquiry identified. The research undertaken in this thesis has expanded upon the existing body of scientific knowledge and understanding in five main ways. First, it employed existing theoretical frameworks such as defensible space and the CPTED approach to crime prevention within a different context, that is, visitor behaviour at visitor attractions, and from a different conceptual focus of behaviour intervention instead of motivations to behaviour. Second, the physical audit study identified important site characteristics of the attraction property's design and management relevant to managing the tropical Asian context. Third, for the first time, arguably, it compared attitudes towards vandalism within the local community, in different countries and across a wide range of attraction sites. Fourth, the study evaluated the differing perspectives of key stakeholders – the site managers and government officials groups. Finally, it proposed a framework of property damage control and prevention at visitor attractions. This integrative model was based on the core premise that a systematic and coordinated effort is required to address the complex problem of vandalism at tourist attractions. Details: Cairns City, AUS: James Cook University, 2014. 395p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 3, 2017 at: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1899/1/1899-bhati-2014-thesis.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Asia URL: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1899/1/1899-bhati-2014-thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 141316 Keywords: GraffitiTourismVandalism |
Author: Stakeholder Democracy Network Title: Building Bridges: Community-Based Approaches to Tackle Pipeline Vandalism Summary: Pipeline vandalism cost the Nigerian Government, oil-companies and communities an estimated $14bn dollars in 2014. The failure of the Nigerian state to provide basic public services and security in the Niger Delta has resulted in a significant breakdown of the social contract. In the void that remains, international and national oil companies are often seen as a Government proxy, spending millions of dollars in their operating locations through various formal and informal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and security instruments. However, these efforts are not perceived to have the communities' interests at heart, preferring to secure a short-term license to operate as opposed to a long-term legacy in the region. In addition, the "quick and easy cash" approach by oil-companies in response to threats by vandals has created an implicit incentive to "crack pipes", earn money and survive. In communities, the feeling of anger and demand for attention motivates vandals to interrupt pipelines at the expense of their environment and livelihoods, with many addicted to easy money from surveillance and clean-up contracts. Others vandalise to survive in the absence of other employment choices ignoring the long-term impact to their local environment and health. The environmental impact is immense with an estimated 51,500 hectares devastated by oil spills in 2014 as a direct consequence of pipeline vandalism. In the creeks, enormous sums of money are earned from the illicit trade of stolen oil, often settled through cash and arms deals, fuelling a "cold-war" between entrenched actors and the State. This threatens the fragile and purchased peace currently holding together the Niger Delta. As previous patronage networks strain after elections, and the means to gain access to oil-proceeds are mitigated, old militant tactics of pipeline vandalism, kidnap and organised crime may again emerge to illicit a response from Government and oil-companies. The communities that surround Nigeria's pipeline infrastructure will continue to demand for socio-economic development of the region and based on history, there has been no quicker way to get the Government and oil companies attention than by vandalising pipelines and halting production. The new Administration has a short window of opportunity to address these issues once and for all, riding on post-election feelings of optimism and hope washing across the Delta; perhaps one of the first times there has been marginal support for a President not from the region. However, should the new Administration not act quickly, rising agitation and reduced patronage flows may inflame feelings of anger, resentment and hopelessness, with various individuals and groups, heavily armed and very wealthy, threatening the security of the oil industry and national income. Our investigation confirmed that International Oil Company (IOC) pipelines have more incidences of vandalism than their National Oil Company (NOC) counterparts. This is due in part because IOC's still own the majority of pipeline infrastructure, but also due to historically high community expectations as a result of enormous budget allocations and the availability of formal and informal channels of "easy-money" into host communities for CSR related activities, clean up and surveillance contracts. Our research has identified examples of alternative community based models to tackle pipeline vandalism that have been trialled with some success giving a degree of confidence that change is possible and relationships can be fixed. A solution will need to take into account the successes, challenges and lessons learnt from current approaches to provide a clear direction towards a sustainable and collaborative approach to tackle the issue. This report encourages the incoming government to consider alternatives away from a sole-security response to pipeline vandalism. There is a need to review and reset the relationships between Government, oil-companies and communities as a first step to tackle pipeline vandalism, maintaining oil production whilst reinforcing peace in the Niger Delta. We believe efforts to reset relationships could lead to new social contract in the Niger Delta. A sustainable approach to tackle pipeline vandalism will develop local institutions and economies, increase employment and lift many out of poverty whilst reversing current incentives away from vandalism and towards pipeline and environmental protection. The relationship between communities, oil companies and Government has been broken for too long. Now is the time to fix it. Details: London: SDN, 2015. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2017 at: http://www.stakeholderdemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/SDN-Building-Bridges-Community-Based-Approaches-to-Tackle-Pipeline-Vandalism.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Nigeria URL: http://www.stakeholderdemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/SDN-Building-Bridges-Community-Based-Approaches-to-Tackle-Pipeline-Vandalism.pdf Shelf Number: 146500 Keywords: Illicit TradeOffenses Against the EnvironmentOil IndustryPetroleum IndustryPipeline VandalismTheftVandalism |
Author: Nordmarker, Anki Title: Graffiti - For Joy and Confirmation. Motivational aspects, triggering and inhibiting factors, and emotional satisfactions in graffiti: The creative-interactive dimension of vandalism Summary: The purpose of the present dissertation is to achieve a deeper understanding about what motivates young people to commit vandalism in general and scrawl-graffiti in particular, and what this propensity provides in the form of satisfaction and/or further motivation. The present thesis consists of two experimental studies, one questionnaire study, and one interview study, of a total of 515 participants (287 male, 219 female, 9 missing gender). The experimental studies show that alcohol and frustration in combination increases the risk for vandalism to occur, and also the degree of vandalism, destructivity and aggression. The questionnaire study demonstrated that impulsiveness presents a significant personality trait related to vandalism in general, as well as to scrawl-graffiti, but whereas vandalism is predicted by non-planning impulsiveness, scrawl-graffiti is predicted by motor impulsiveness. Further, the interview study indicated that there are distinctions between vandalism, graffiti and scrawl, where vandalism is assessed as destructive behavior, often conducted in an affective and destructive mood, while graffiti is interactive and creative, conducted in a creative mood. Scrawl might be destructive or creative, depending on the context, how it expresses itself, and whether or not it is created in a vandalism mood or in a graffiti mood. Additionally, The Equity Control Model of Vandalism (Baron & Fisher, 1984) was used as an explanatory model to understand the complexity of vandalism. The model was complemented with two new primary moderators; Personality traits and Emotional state, and a new dimension of vandalism; the Creative-Interactive dimension of Vandalism, and finally resulted in an extended Equity Control Model of Vandalism (eECM 2016). Details: Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, 2016. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 28, 2017 at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/48363/1/gupea_2077_48363_1.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Sweden URL: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/48363/1/gupea_2077_48363_1.pdf Shelf Number: 148521 Keywords: Graffiti Vandalism |
Author: Bernales, Alejandro Title: Blue-Collar Crime and Finance Summary: We introduce time series data across 13 Caribbean countries sourced by the Inter-American Development Bank, Compete Caribbean and the World Bank to examine for the first time the financial consequences for diverse types of companies, principally privately-held that are the victim of a blue-collar criminal act. The data indicate 23% of companies in the sample were subjected to crime, including acts such as theft and vandalism or worse. The data indicate crime has a real and substantial cost on financing outcomes. In the 3-year period subsequent to being the target of a blue-collar criminal act, companies receive substantially smaller loans, higher interest rates on loans, and end up financing a higher percentage of working capital and a lower percentage of fixed assets through the use of internal funds. These findings are robust to issues related to causality, matched samples, and Heckman selection effects, among other things. Details: Unpublished paper, 2018. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2018 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3127862 Year: 2018 Country: Caribbean URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3127862 Shelf Number: 150445 Keywords: Crime Against Businesses Financial Crimes Theft VandalismWhite Collar Crime |
Author: Strang, Lucy Title: Violent and Antisocial Behaviours at Football Events and Factors Associated with these Behaviours: A rapid evidence assessment Summary: Football is the world's most popular sport, with millions of fans annually watching professional football on their television or at public viewing places such as fan zones, or attending matches in person. Negative behaviour at football matches is a widely recognised issue that has garnered international media attention for decades. However, violent and antisocial behaviour at football matches remains an issue that needs to be better understood. To this end, RAND Europe was commissioned by Qatar University to provide a critical assessment of previous research into these issues. This report observes the key antisocial and violent behaviours that may be witnessed in relation to football events, such as verbal abuse, destruction of property, acts of vandalism and assault, while also noting that football environments can foster positive behaviours and social dynamics. In addition, it acknowledges that definitions of antisocial behaviour are to some degree subjective and contextual. The report then presents findings from the literature review on the factors which may drive violent and antisocial behaviour in football fans. It is important to acknowledge, however, that while the identified studies consider specific factors driving fan behaviour, the available evidence supports the notion that no single factor can be found to be responsible for violent or antisocial behaviour by fans at football events. Rather, multiple factors are often in play simultaneously. Key Findings Factors which may drive violent and antisocial behaviour in football fans include: The influence of alcohol, which the evidence suggests may be a contributing factor to such behaviour, although the causal relationship between alcohol and hooliganism is unclear. Internal and external or relational psychological factors, such as rushes of adrenaline and a sense of meaning gained through these behaviours, and capacity to self-regulate emotions. Sporting rivalries, which have been shown to increase aggression in fans. Socio-political factors, such as unemployment, repression by state agents and ethnic-nationality tensions. Spatial factors, particularly given that large numbers of football fans may travel to a football tournament host city without the intention of attending a match, but rather will congregate in public spaces and fan zones. Situational and atmosphere-related factors including the day of the week on which the match is held, the match venue, the kick-off time, crowd size and the size of support groups in attendance. Reaction to play, for example a team's performance on the pitch and their style of play, as well as fans' expectations of their team. While the identified studies consider specific factors driving fan behaviour, the available evidence supports the notion that no single factor can be found to be responsible for violent or antisocial behaviour by fans at football events. Rather, multiple factors are often in play simultaneously. The quality of the identified literature varied significantly, and the research team rated only a handful of studies as being very high quality. Details: Cambridge, UK: RAND Europe, 2018. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 27, 2018 at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2580.html?utm_source=WhatCountsEmail&utm_medium=RAND%20Policy%20Currents+AEM:%20%20Email%20Address%20NOT%20LIKE%20DOTMIL&utm_campaign=AEM:631600804 Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2580.html?utm_source=WhatCountsEmail&utm_medium=RAND%20Policy%20Currents+AEM:%20%20Email%20Address%20NOT%20LIKE%20DOTMIL&utm_campaign=AEM:631600804 Shelf Number: 150932 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior Football Hooliganism Soccer Sporting Events Sports Violence VandalismViolence Prevention |
Author: Taylor, Jirka Title: Violent and Antisocial Behaviour at Football Events: Review of interventions Summary: Disorder and violence at football matches are well-recognised issues that have attracted considerable attention in the media as well as among policymakers and practitioners. In an effort to prevent and respond to the phenomenon, numerous strategies and interventions have been implemented by relevant stakeholder groups, including police and other security professionals, football clubs and associations, fan organisations and local and national governments. However, despite the wide range of tools available, there are gaps in the understanding of the current state of practice and its effectiveness. This rapid evidence review responded to these gaps through a focused, structured literature search and aimed to provide a critical assessment of previous research into these issues. The review observed a multitude of strategies that can be and have been implemented to counter antisocial behaviour at football matches. They can broadly be grouped into four categories: 1) organisation of the venue (e.g. equipping stadiums with cameras, seating-only arrangements), 2) organisation of the events (e.g. arranging transport for away fans; setting up early kick-off times); 3) approaches to policing (e.g. dialogue-based policing, police liaison teams); and 4) laws, policies and partnerships (e.g. higher penalties for hooliganism, cooperation with fan associations). With respect to the effectiveness of these interventions, the review found that the existing evidence base (at least as captured by the parameters of the review) is underdeveloped. The review found evidence pertaining only to a subset of interventions. Of the studies offering an effectiveness assessment, the majority faced notable methodological limitations. Key Findings There is positive evidence for the effectiveness of utilising security cameras and mandatory transport arrangements for visiting fans, early kick-off times and policing approaches aimed at establishing dialogue and lines of communication with fans in reducing disorder. Interventions that do not appear to be effective include fan registration schemes as a precondition for a ticket purchase and alcohol bans within stadiums, city-wide alcohol bans and bans on alcohol consumption while in transit to the stadium. Details: Cambridge, UK: RAND Europe, 2018. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 27, 2018 at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Shelf Number: 150950 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial Behavior Camera SurveillanceDisorderly ConductFootball Hooliganism Soccer Sporting Events Sports Violence VandalismViolence Prevention |
Author: Danish Crime Prevention Council Title: How to Safeguard Churches against Burglary, Theft and Acts of Vandalism Summary: For centuries our churches have been protected by the general public. However, many in modern society do not have the same respect for the churches as previous generations and we continue to see the destruction of irreplaceable values or their disappearance from our churches. here has always been a vast interest in antiques and art and collectors have competed to acquire the rare artefacts. In the light of this, antique European church furniture and other property is of particular interest as it is in high demand. It is important to remember that artefacts stolen in Denmark may be sold abroad comparatively easy and, in addition to this, less strict border controls involve an increased risk of stolen property being taken to countries where its traceability is reduced to an absolute minimum. Therefore, it is essential that every person responsible for our churches and the items of artistic and historical value found in the churches takes the question of safeguarding against burglary and theft seriously. However, our churches are not to be made inaccessible as it is essential that they are kept open to the public to the extent it is at all possible, also at hours of the day when religious ceremonies are not performed.The purpose of this booklet is to offer information on how burglary, theft and acts of vandalism in our churches may be limited to an absolute minimum. Details: S.L.: The Danish Crime Prevention Council, 2002. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2019 at: http://www.cybermanual.com/how-to-safeguard-churches-against-burglary-theft-and-acts-of-vandalism.html Year: 2002 Country: Denmark URL: http://www.cybermanual.com/how-to-safeguard-churches-against-burglary-theft-and-acts-of-vandalism.html?page=3 Shelf Number: 156989 Keywords: Antiquities Burglary Church Safety Crime Prevention Theft Prevention Vandalism |
Author: Anti-Defamation League Title: Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents: Year in Review 2018 Summary: Throughout each year, ADL's (Anti-Defamation League) Center on Extremism tracks incidents of anti-Semitic harassment, vandalism and assault in the United States. Since 1979, we have published this information in an annual Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents. In 2018 ADL recorded 1,879 anti-Semitic incidents in the United States. 2018 included the deadliest attack on Jews in the history of the U.S.: The massacre of 11 Jewish worshippers, and an additional two more injured, at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh by a white supremacist in October. The Pittsburgh attack was one of 39 reported physical assaults on Jewish individuals in 2018, a 105% increase over 2017. A total of 59 individuals were victims of assault, not including the police officers injured at the Tree of Life Synagogue. Of the 1,879 incidents in 2018, 1,066 were cases of harassment, an increase of 5% from 2017; and 774 were cases of vandalism, a decrease of 19% from 952 in 2017. In 2018, ADL recorded 249 anti-Semitic incidents attributed to known extremist groups or individuals inspired by extremist ideology. This represents 13% of the total number of incidents and is the highest level of anti-Semitic incidents with known connections to extremist individuals or groups since 2004. These incidents were the result of an anti-Semitic fliering campaign and of a series of robocalls perpetrated by a neo-Nazi. Nearly half of the incidents of harassment targeting Jewish institutions were the work of known white supremacists or extremists. K-12 schools, as well as colleges and universities, continue to be the scenes of significant numbers of anti-Semitic incidents. ADL recorded 344 incidents at K-12 non-Jewish schools in 2018 (down from 457 in 2017), and 201 incidents at colleges and universities (down from 204 in 2017). In 2018 there were 265 reported incidents at Jewish institutions such as synagogues, Jewish community centers and Jewish schools, a decrease of 23% from the previous year, but still markedly higher than the 170 incidents reported in 2016. ADL has tracked anti-Semitic incidents for the past four decades and in 2018 recorded the third-highest number of incidents. The total of 2018 incidents decreased by 5% from the 1,986 incidents ADL recorded in 2017. The 2018 total is 48% higher than the number of incidents in 2016 and 99% higher than in 2015. ADL has included a comprehensive set of policy recommendations for civil society, governmental and technology sector leaders to help them in the fight against the scourge of anti-Semitism, at the end of the report. These include recommendations aimed at assessing and combating the rise of online anti-Semitism, which is not tracked in this report other than with regard to specific reported instances of direct targeting, but which ADL has been analyzing in other reports. The complete dataset of anti-Semitic incidents for 2016-2018 is available on ADL's H.E.A.T. Map, an interactive online tool that allows users to geographically chart anti-Semitic incidents and extremist activity nationally and regionally. Note that some details have been removed from the incident listings to ensure the privacy of victims. Details: New York: Anti-Defamation League, 2018. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 2, 2019 at: https://www.adl.org/audit2018 Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.adl.org/media/13144/download Shelf Number: 158102 Keywords: Anti-Semitic Extremists Harassment Vandalism |