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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
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Results for youths
19 results foundAuthor: Public Health England Title: Young People's Statistics from the National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS): 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018 Summary: Executive summary This National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS) statistics report presents information about young people under the age of 18 who received specialist substance misuse treatment in England between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. The number of young people in alcohol and drug specialist services There were 15,583 young people in specialist substance misuse services in 2017-18. This was a 5 percent decrease from 2016-17 (16,436) and a continuation of a year on year downward trend. There has been a 35 percent decrease since a peak in 2008-09 when 24,053 young people received treatment. There are several factors which may have influenced this downward trend including the possibility that it reflected historic declining prevalence. However, there is recent evidence that the number of young people using drugs has started to increase, so the more recent decreases in young people accessing treatment services may not reflect the actual need. The latest NHS Digital survey of school age children 'Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England', conducted in 2016 showed nearly a fifth (18 percent) of pupils said that they had taken drugs in the last year. Excluding new psychoactive substances and nitrous oxide (newly added to the drug prevalence measure in 2016), 15 percent said they had taken drugs in the last year, up from 10 percent in 2014. The Crime Survey for England and Wales 2017-182 also showed an increase in any class A drug use in the last year among 16-24 year olds, going from 6.8 percent in 2007-08 to 8.4 percent in 2017-18. In addition to these surveys, Department for Education data for 2016-173 showed school exclusions for alcohol and drug use have increased substantially in recent years with fixed term exclusions up by 34 percent since 2012-13 and permanent exclusions up by 95 percent since 2010-11. Problem substances Cannabis remained the most common drug by far that young people came to treatment for. The majority (88 percent) of young people in specialist services said they had a problem with this drug. The proportion of young people in treatment saying that cannabis is their main problem substance has been on an upward trend since 2007-08. Although total numbers have decreased slightly in recent years, the proportion of young people in treatment who have cannabis problems has remained stable in the last 2 years at 77 percent. The next most commonly reported problematic substance was alcohol. There were 7,206 young people in treatment for alcohol problems (46 percent). The number of young people receiving help for alcohol problems continues to steadily decline from the peak in 2008-09 when 16,047 were treated for alcohol. The number of young people entering treatment for problems with ecstasy in 2017-18 increased by 16 percent from the previous year (1,815 to 2,112) and has almost doubled since 2013-14. The increase in ecstasy treatment numbers was seen across all age groups. There was also an 18 percent increase in young people in treatment for crack problems over the same period, although the numbers were much lower (83 in 2016-17 and 98 in 2017-18). There was also a rise in adults being treated for crack over the same period. Benzodiazepine treatment is reported for the first time in this report. Young people who had problems with benzodiazepines at the start of treatment almost doubled from the previous year (161 in 2016-17 and 315 in 2017-18). Alprazolam (most commonly called Xanax) was the benzodiazepine which saw the biggest increase, (8 in 2016-17 to 53 in 2017-18). Young people entering treatment for problems with new psychoactive substances (NPS) more than halved since the previous year (585 in 2016-17 and 270 in 2017-18) and is 74 percent lower than 2015-16 when 1,056 reported problematic use. Similar falls were seen in adults starting treatment over the same period, particularly in those under 25. Gender and age Two-thirds of the young people accessing specialist substance misuse services were male (66 percent). Around three-quarters (74 percent) were aged 15 or over. The median age for both female and male was 15 years old. Only 43 percent of females were aged 16 or over compared to nearly half (49 percent) of males. While the number of younger children (under 14) in treatment remains relatively low, it has increased from last year (1,342 in 2016-17 to 1,422 in 2017-18). Any substance misuse among young people – particularly the younger age groups – is concerning because they are likely to be at risk of other harms as well as their alcohol or drug use. Safeguarding needs to be a priority and the other risks and harms need to be addressed. Referral route Education services was the most common route into specialist treatment services, with 5,178 (31 percent) young people being referred from these. Mainstream education was the single largest source of referral, accounting for over a quarter of all referrals (26 percent, or 4,432). The proportion referred by education services has increased over recent years (24% in 2012-13), while referrals from the youth justice system continue to decline (34% in 2012-13 to 22% in 2017-18). Vulnerabilities The majority of young people in specialist substance misuse services have other problems or vulnerabilities related to their substance use, such as: having mental health problems being in contact with children’s social care not being in education, employment or training (NEET) offending self-harming experiencing sexual exploitation domestic abuse There are 17 vulnerability items collected via the NDTMS. Almost all (96 percent) of young people who entered treatment in 2017-18 disclosed 1 or more vulnerability, and 55 percent said they had 3 or more. This shows that specialist services need to work effectively with a range of other agencies to ensure that all the needs of a young person are met. The number and proportion of young people reporting they had experienced sexual exploitation reduced in 2017-18 compared to the previous year (562 or 5 percent in 2017-18 and 688 or 6 percent in 2016-17). However, this proportion varied greatly by gender: over 8 out of 10 sexual exploitation reports were by females (470 female compared to 92 male), accounting for 13 percent of all females starting treatment and 1 percent of males. While these figures suggest a difference between genders, Barnardo’s research found that boys tended not to disclose experience of sexual exploitation or abuse as much as girls. Mental health needs Information on whether a young person starting treatment has a mental health need was introduced into this report for the first time this year. Of all the young people starting treatment in 2017-18, who had given a mental health status, 2,954 (27 percent) said they had a mental health treatment need. There was a greater proportion of females reporting this than males (37 percent compared to 22 percent). Around 7 out of 10 of young people who reported a mental health treatment need also said that they were currently receiving treatment for their mental health (70 percent or 2,023). This proportion was broadly similar for males and females (72 percent of females and 69 percent of males). Most of the young people that recorded a mental health treatment need were either engaged with community mental health services (57 percent, or 1,648) or receiving treatment from their GP (9 percent, or 252). Waiting times and reasons for leaving specialist services Young people continued to be able to access treatment quickly in 2017-18. The mean waiting time for young people to start their first specialist intervention was around 2 and a half days. Nearly all (97 percent) of the 16,330 first interventions started by young people in 2017-18 had a wait of 3 weeks or under and 77 percent of first interventions started on the day the young people were referred. Most (81 percent) young people that left services in 2017-18 did so in a planned way, no longer requiring specialist treatment interventions. Although this proportion is slightly lower than last year (82%), it still suggests that specialist substance misuse services in England are responding well to the needs of young people who access them, and are helping young people to overcome their substance misuse problems. Details: London, UK: 2018. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 9, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762446/YPStatisticsFromNDTMS2017to2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/substance-misuse-treatment-for-young-people-statistics-2017-to-2018 Shelf Number: 154056 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Benzodiazepine Cannabis Drinking Drug Use Juveniles National Drug Treatment Monitoring System Smoking Substance Misuse Treatment United Kingdom Youths |
Author: Rollins, Tom Title: Physical Fences and Digital Divides, Part II: "Why Would You Go?" Case Studies of Social Media in North Africa and the Mediterranean Summary: INTRODUCTION Groups of youths from around West Africa are sitting in a cafe-cum-community space down a Palermo back-street. There's free Internet at the Arci Porco Rosso Centre - something of an essential round here - and the table in the corner is a tangle of phone chargers and accents. For some of the mostly young men here, this is the first time they have owned a smartphone since leaving home and crossing the perils of the Mediterranean to reach Sicily. “I never used social media before,” says 23-year-old Moussa, from Guinea.1 “I had a phone during the journey but it was just an old phone - it didn’t have WhatsApp or Facebook, or even the internet.” Academic literature and journalistic coverage of migration and social media (as well as migration and tech more generally) have taught us that smartphones are a “migrant essential,” a very modern feature of 21st-century migration. Europe is familiar with the sight of refugees employing phones to get to their destinations, and the role of social media has been endlessly discussed and debated since the advent of the so-called refugee crisis that began some time in 2015. The first instalment of this special report argued that while officials and politicians often present new digital platforms as hand-held facilitators of irregular migration and security threats that enable traffickers and illicit enterprises, these technologies have also played a critically important role in aiding refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants in need. Online platforms, the first instalment argued, help individuals connect to the outside world from inside detention centres, provide desperately needed information about sources of humanitarian assistance, and enable the creation of digital communities that give migrants and their loved ones’ agency to proactively search out solutions. It also suggested that journalists, researchers, and policymakers had focused too much on the Balkan Route to understand social media use by people on the move - and that various factors impacted social media in different migratory contexts. However, there are gaps in the literature about how new information and communications technologies (ICTs) are used both for and during irregular migration. Clearly, to better understand this, it is necessary to speak to refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants themselves. Previous reports have revealed that the use of social media by people on the move varies depending on different factors. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), for example, has found that Syrians and Afghans using the same migratory route from Turkey to Greece and the Balkans use Facebook and other apps in different ways, and that their reliance on and trust of smuggling networks through social media is also different. Journalists have reported that refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants passing through the Central Mediterranean appear to use social media (and carry smartphones) less frequently than those on the move elsewhere. Migration experts have noted how the use of social media in origin, transit, and destination countries remains “uneven,” depending on a range of factors like age, gender, nationality, and basic socio-economics back home - which have led to the emergence of "digital divides" - while differing smuggling modus operandi on a given route leads to contrasting uses of social media. The European Commission (EC) has also produced studies investigating these differences. According to a recent EC report on West African migration, people from this region tend to "rely on word-of-mouth communication to devise and implement migration plans” because “people smugglers play a diminished role in motivating migration journeys.” It found that communication from an origin country tends to depend on encouragement from diaspora networks, peer pressure from local networks, or the presentation of opportunity by a recruitment agent, broker, or smuggler. In contrast to the activities reported by some of the other populations covered in this GDP report - particularly people fleeing Syria - the EC report found that few migrants from West Africa “actively searched for information online before migrating.” Social media and ICTs were “more commonly used as channels of communications rather than platforms to gather information on migration,” and their primary role was to “facilitate private communication between migrants, potential migrants, and their networks.” In early 2018, the author travelled to Egypt and Sicily to speak with refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants about how social media and other tech were employed during their migration journeys. This second instalment of the GDP Special Report Physical Fences and Digital Divides” details lessons learned from these on-the-ground investigations. One broad finding is that usage of digital tools is far more varied than the extant literature generally reports. Many sources, for example, emphasised the importance of community and diaspora networks during the various stages of their journeys and downplayed the role of social media and smartphones, which were often barely used—and sometimes not at all. Ultimately, the material presented here challenges some of our current assumptions about the relationship between digital media and migration, including oft-repeated claims that social media can serve as an “awareness-raising” tool to help limit migration flows. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: Global Detention Project, 2018. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2019 at: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/physical-fences-and-digital-divides-part-ii-why-would-you-go-case-studies-social-media Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Physical-Fences-and-Digital-Divides-22Why-Would-You-Go22.pdf Shelf Number: 154079 Keywords: Asylum Seekers Digital Platforms Information and Communications Technologies Migrant Essential Migrants Migration Refugees Smartphones Smugglers Social Media Youths |
Author: Campbell, Elaine Title: Evaluation of Clear Track: Final Report Summary: Summary 1.1. Clear Track is one example of an enterprising and innovative initiative purposefully designed not only to bridge the gap between community and custodial sentences by providing sentencers with an alternative to custody sentencing option, but also to provide the criminal justice system with an intervention aimed at addressing some of the failings that accompany short-term prison sentences (Section 3). 1.2. However, the extent to which Clear Track was accessible as an available sentencing option was limited despite the project’s readiness to demonstrate the effectiveness of a programme designed around a person-centred approach to addressing offending behaviour (Section 4). Due to the innovative nature of Clear Track there appeared to be an element of ambiguity with regard to the CJA 2003 and its flexibility in accommodating the project as a ‘third sentencing option’ which bridged the gap between both custody and community sentences (Home Office 2002). The fundamental importance of this legal technicality delayed both the development of the Clear Track project and the inter-agency partnership with probation (Section 6). 1.3. Clear Track’s delay in ‘going-live’ can be wholly attributed to the constraints of the Criminal Justice Act and the limited scope within which interventions such as Clear Track can operate. This is of significant concern for the development of ‘Clear Track-type’ projects in the future; and until such matters are resolved at government level, innovative interventions such as Clear Track will be lost to the pressures of an established and inflexible system (Section 6). 1.4. Clear Track as a pilot intervention, offered the courts a service designed to introduce an innovative way of thinking about sentencing options. By drawing together several interventions under the umbrella of an holistic package of care, through supportive measures, such as addressing accommodation needs, employment needs, training and education needs, and other needs such as social support, Clear Track was able to offer an alternative to custody for several low-risk young adult offenders at no extra cost to an already strained Criminal Justice System (Section 5). 1.5. With respect to formalising good working relationships and in the interests of delivering an efficient supportive intervention package aimed at addressing the multiple needs of young adult offenders, the Clear Track management team worked diligently to promote the interests of the project and its participants. Throughout the life of the project, Clear Track established mechanisms aimed at advocating and improving service delivery and to maximise the referral capacity of the project, these included the Steering Group Committee and working relations with the local Probation Service and the courts (Section 6). 1.6. The evaluation concludes that despite more than reasonable efforts made by the Clear Track management team to improve the consistency and effectiveness of the referral process as a whole, the overall process failed to provide Clear Track with the relevant number of suitable candidates with which to engage. Thus, the evaluation suggests that the Clear Track project could have benefited from the implementation of a multiple agency referral process (Section 7). 1.7. The Clear Track project ran for twenty-seven months, from November 2006 to December 2008. During this time the project received sixty-three referrals, of which thirty-one (49%) went on to start the Clear Track project. Of the thirty-one young offenders who started the project, ten (32%) young offenders completed the project and 21 (68%) young offenders breached the programme (Section 7). 1.8. The analysis of this evaluation study focuses upon the research period which ran for 18 months, from November 2006 to May 2008. During this time, data collection was conducted around forty-seven young offenders who had been assessed as eligible by a referring agency, and were referred to the Clear Track project. Of the forty-seven young offenders who were referred to the project during this time, twenty-three (49%) went on to start the Clear Track programme and twenty-four (51%) did not (Section 7). 1.9. Providing enhanced residential supervision in a community setting for Clear Track’s participants was a fundamental aspect of the project’s service delivery. Initially, Clear Track aimed to provide an average length of stay of up to 16 weeks (approximately 112 days), however, due to the limitations of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, Clear Track was restricted to providing a 60 day compulsory programme of the specified activity requirement, as part of an overall community order. However, young offenders who participated in the programme could continue to voluntarily engage with the project after they had completed their 60 day programme (section 9). 1.10. Clear Track’s purposeful activities were specifically designed to meet the needs of the young adult offenders who were sentenced to the programme and, as a result, engaged in activities that were assessed as essential in addressing their offending behaviour (Section 11). 1.11. The operational structure of custody encourages young offenders to participate in education or employment; for example, young offenders in custody are given the opportunity to participate in the day-today running of the prison through employment as a cleaner or as a kitchen assistant, which in turn encourages independent living skills. Participating in education and employment are some of the ways in which young offenders can construct their day whilst in custody. However, due to limited resources and the constraints of being in custody, places are often limited. In contrast, the very nature of Clear Track as a community based intervention means it can offer its participants a wide variety of purposeful activities that are not necessarily restricted by the same constraints experienced by young offenders in custody. With this in mind, Clear Track is able to provide activities in the community that could not be accommodated by the Prison Service; for example, outdoor experiential learning such as canoeing and hiking, and a wide variety of vocation and skills training such as forklift truck driving. Furthermore, the overall structure and regime of custody encourages compliance amongst prisoners in the sense that good behaviour is rewarded, and out of cell activities can be withdrawn as a consequence of negative behaviour. In a community setting such incentives would not have the same level of impact. This is partly because an offender is aware of the extent of their independence, and with this in mind, a young offender serving a community sentence would need to be motivated and encouraged to engage in the Clear Track programme at all times (Section 11). 1.12. On the whole excessive alcohol consumption was a significant contributory factor towards the offending behaviour of the young offenders who attended the Clear Track project. Offenders at Clear Track attributed the onset of their offending behaviour to their alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the Clear Track participants reported that their continuing alcohol consumption had resulted in their offending and violent behaviour. Similar issues were reported by those young offenders in custody (Section 12). 1.13. The Clear Track management team were able to motivate and encourage its participants to rethink the impact of their alcohol consumption and the effect that this may have upon their offending behaviour. As a result the Clear Track management team were able to motivate five young offenders to voluntarily attend a drug and alcohol focused programme to help challenge the extent of their alcohol and drug use (Section 12). 1.14. When considering the risk-taking behaviour of the young offenders who attended Clear Track, positive change in attitude and understanding had occurred as a result of being at the project. Overall there had been a positive change in self–awareness in relation to their offending behaviour and a positive change in attitude towards future offending behaviour as a result of being at Clear Track (Section 13). 1.15. Furthermore, Clear Track participants had positive views and aspirations about their future, with a view to maintaining an offence-free lifestyle within the next ten years (Section 14). 1.16. On the whole, Clear Track and its management team have worked purposefully to ensure the delivery of an effective project. The evaluation research findings presented in this report conclude that the Clear Track project successfully challenged the underlying factors pertaining to an individuals offending behaviour for some of its participants. These kinds of outcomes provide future investors with the foresight and knowledge base of how best to maximise the potential effectiveness of the project in the delivery of other UK Clear Track(-type) programmes and how these are best tackled (Section 15). 1.17. Overall, the Clear Track project achieved significant progress in relation to the development of an effective and efficient service delivery through the implementation of best practice (Section 16). However, the cost-efficiency of the project cannot be determined in the absence of accounts of the project’s spending, and for this reason the evaluation is unable to determine if Clear Track is proven to be a viable investment for funders as a cost-efficient project (Section 15). 1.18. The benefit here, however, as a pilot-intervention and a third sector not-for-profit service, as part of a multi-agency organisational partnership, was that Clear Track was able to deliver their service at no additional cost to the Probation Service or the courts (Section 15). Details: Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK: Newcastle University, 2009. 154p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2019 at: https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/153466 Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/153466/3CC60CCF-0DAD-4DE6-8EDF-642CC2C25D50.pdf Shelf Number: 154078 Keywords: Alternative Sentencing Clear Track Community Based Intervention Criminal Justice Act Juvenile Sentencing United Kingdom Youths |
Author: Garringer, Michael Title: Examining Youth Mentoring Services Across America: Findings from the 2016 National Mentoring Program Survey Summary: In 2016, MENTOR and its affiliates led the largest data collection effort in almost 20 years to examine the prevalence and practices of youth mentoring programs across America. The effort had had three major goals: Better understand the structure, services, and challenges of mentoring programs so that MENTOR and its affiliates could provide them with appropriate professional development, training, and technical assistance Identify who programs are serving and the groups of adults that are stepping up to mentor youth in programs so that we might boost mentor recruitment and ensure that youth with the most needs are being served adequately Provide MENTOR with a baseline understanding of the field that we can monitor for trends and use to inform a growth strategy In the end, the national survey captured information on: - 1,271 mentoring agencies and 1,451 distinct mentoring programs - 413,237 youth served by 193,823 mentors and supported by 10,804 staff members - The services, practices, settings, goals, challenges, and financial resources of these programs Who Provides Mentoring? 79% of youth mentoring agencies are nonprofits, 9% are K12 schools or districts, 3% are government agencies, 3% are higher education institutions, and the remaining 6% are religious institutions, for-profits, healthcare facilities, and others. MENTOR’S influence on programming - 36% of mentoring agencies received technical assistance or training from a MENTOR affiliate - 21% received assistance from MENTOR’s national office - 7.5% received assistance through the National Mentoring Resource Center (operated by MENTOR) - 50% of agencies use the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring in their work. Agencies using the Elements ran programs that were: - More likely to require longer match commitments - Have longer average match length (20 months for Elements users vs. 16 for those that did not), as well as a shorter waitlist of youth waiting for a match - Less likely to have challenges around mentor training, program design, fundraising, developing partnerships, and providing staff development - Less likely to offer no training to mentors and more likely to offer more than 3 hours of pre-match training What Do Mentoring Programs Look Like in Practice? - Mentoring pairs or groups are most likely to meet weekly for a total of 2-3 hours a month - 78% of all matches met their minimum length expectation, but - About one-third of programs struggle to get half of their matches to their minimum duration, which research tells us limits the impact of programs and may even harm youth with a negative experience Program Reach (% of youth served) - 34% of youth are served by a One-to-One model - 35% by a Group model - 12% by Blends of One-to-One and Group - 7% by Cross-Age Peer models - 3% by E-mentoring programs - 9% by other models The average program has grown in size and diversified in its goals over the last 20 years - The average program serves 285 youth, a dramatic increase compared to prior surveys - Today, only 44% of programs reported that "providing a caring adult relationship" was a top 4 goal of their program (100% said this in a 1999 survey, 77% did in 2011). This highlights a major shift in the field towards using mentoring in targeted ways and expecting mentoring to produce meaningful outcomes beyond just the personal value of the relationship itself. Other common program goals include: - Life and social skills (54% of all programs) - General youth development (51%) - Academic enrichment (36%) - Career exploration (26%) - Leadership development (20%) - College access (17%) How are Mentoring Programs Funded and Staffed? Program staffing has remained stable over time, but is much more reliant on volunteers - The average program has 7.45 FTE on staff, but only 4.1 are paid employees - 3.35 FTE are volunteer staff (two decades ago, the average program only had 1.6 volunteer staff members) - 59% of programs have fewer than 3 staff members, which can lead to issues with meeting the demand and sustainability Details: Boston, MA: The National Mentoring Partnership, 2017. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://www.mentoring.org/new-site/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Mentor-Survey-Report_FINAL_small.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://www.mentoring.org/new-site/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Mentor-Survey-Report_FINAL_small.pdf Shelf Number: 154256 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Mentor Recruitment Mentoring Programs Mentors Youth Mentoring Youths |
Author: Simpson, Hillela Title: Collateral Consequences of Juvenile Court Involvement: An Opportunity for Partnership Summary: The consequences of juvenile court involvement are often numerous and far-reaching and can prevent young people from fulfilling their educational, social, and professional potential. Youth left to overcome these obstacles on their own face significant barriers. Partnerships between civil legal aid attorneys and juvenile defenders offer opportunities to pool expertise and give youth facing collateral consequences essential legal representation Details: Chicago, Illinois: Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law, 2018. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 2, 2019 at: http://povertylaw.org/clearinghouse/articles/juvenile Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://povertylaw.org/files/docs/article/ClearinghouseCommunity_Simpson.pdf Shelf Number: 154251 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Juvenile Court Juvenile Justice Juvenile Offenders Legal Aid Legal Aid Attorneys Public Defenders Youths |
Author: Cerreto, Anna Title: Ngaga-Dji (Hear Me): Youth Voices Creating Change for Justice Summary: The Ngaga-dji project voices the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Victoria's youth justice system. Ngaga-dji is driving the change Victoria’s youth justice system needs to enable Aboriginal children to thrive in their communities. The stories in Ngaga-dji are from the heart, they are about love, trauma, strength, discrimination and healing. They are about justice and equality. These children are telling their stories because they trust us to listen and take action on the Ngaga-dji solutions. Details: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Koorie Youth Council, 2018. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://www.ngaga-djiproject.org.au/ Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b7d09f775f9ee5cf0a54a07/t/5b860aff352f53267bc3486c/1535511527195/Ngaga-dji+report+August+2018.pdf Shelf Number: 154286 Keywords: Aboriginal Australia Children Criminal Justice Reform Discrimination Justice Juvenile Justice Juveniles Torres Strait Islander Youth Justice Youths |
Author: Laisne, Mathilde Title: Detention of Alleged Probation and Parole Violators in Orleans Parish Prison Summary: Executive Summary As states have moved to reduce their prison populations, attention has turned toward the role that jails play in driving mass incarceration. In New Orleans, the high local detention rate and associated costs have prompted a review of local detention practices. Among the largest groups of people detained in the city's jail, the Orleans Parish Prison (OPP), are probationers and parolees accused of violating one or more conditions of their supervision. In 2012, this group represented roughly 19 percent of OPP's population, was disproportionately young black males, and cost the city more than $8.8 million. This policy report discusses an analysis conducted by the Vera Institute of Justice's New Orleans Office (Vera), in collaboration with the state Division of Probation and Parole, to measure the use of detention for people suspected of probation and parole violations in OPP in 2012; identify circumstances when detention might not be used appropriately; and recommend practice changes to safely reduce detention of this group and the related costs. Vera concluded that detention of alleged probation and parole violators appears to be overused for four main groups of supervisees in New Orleans: - people who, after adjudication of their alleged violations of probation or parole, are released to the community or receive non- or low-incarceration sentences; - people detained for alleged technical violations, such as failure to report to the supervising officer, combined with failure to pay supervision fees; - people arrested for new felony charges who are detained without adequate consideration of their circumstances, such as the nature of the new charges or the risk the supervisee poses to public safety; and - people in all circumstances who are detained for lengthy periods. Based on this analysis, Vera recommends the following practice changes in New Orleans, and for consideration elsewhere: - reduce initial use of detention by maximizing the use of administrative sanctions to respond to technical violations and by revising internal policies at the local probation and parole office to guide officers in their discretionary use of detention; - avoid the prolonged detention of supervisees by routinely reviewing the detention status of alleged violators; - coordinate roles among system actors to develop common procedures for requesting or declining initial detention when appropriate for probationers with new felony charges and for the parole board's involvement in detention decisions for parolees; - make proceedings for probation cases more effective, by establishing a standard time frame for the period between arrest and disposition of violations in all cases in which detention is deemed necessary; and - ensure that data regarding the use of detention for alleged probation and parole violators is accurately and thoroughly collected, shared, monitored, and analyzed. Details: New York, NY: Vera Institute of Justice, 2015. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2019 at: https://www.vera.org/publications/detention-of-alleged-probation-and-parole-violators-in-orleans-parish-prison Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://storage.googleapis.com/vera-web-assets/downloads/Publications/detention-of-alleged-probation-and-parole-violators-in-orleans-parish-prison/legacy_downloads/detention-of-alleged-probation-and-parole-violators.pdf Shelf Number: 134315 Keywords: City Jail Community Supervision Detention Division of Probation and Parole Jails Juvenile Justice New Orleans Orleans Parish Prison Parole Parole Violation Youths |
Author: Plan International Title: Unsafe in the City: The Everyday Experiences of Girls and Young Women Summary: Introduction For the first time in history, there are more people living in cities than in rural areas. Today, cities are home to 54% of the world's population, and by the middle of this century that figure will rise to 66%. There will be approximately one billion girls under the age of 18 alive in 2025; millions of them will be among the five billion people who will be living in towns and cities by 2030. Despite the economic opportunities that urban areas can offer, this migration from the countryside and villages to towns and cities is challenging: poverty, overcrowding, casual employment, bad housing and inefficient public transport create an environment that penalises the most vulnerable, including those who are young and female. Girls brought up in cities contend with its contradictions. Although they are more likely to be educated, less likely to be married at an early age and more likely to participate in politics than girls brought up in rural areas, these advantages come at a cost. As the research conducted for this report reveals, city life also brings with it a frightening level of sexual harassment, exploitation and insecurity. Gender discrimination and sexist attitudes, prevalent everywhere, exacerbate the effects of inadequate infrastructure, poor pay and underemployment that are characteristic of so many cities. And girls and young women are easy targets. Details: Surrey, United Kingdom: Plan International, 2018. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2019 at: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/unsafe-city-research-everyday-experiences-girls-and-young-women Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://plansverige.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/unsafeinthecity-en.pdf Shelf Number: 154310 Keywords: Exploitation Female Gender Discrimination Girls Overcrowding Poverty Sexual Assault Sexual Harassment Urbanization Women Youths |
Author: Shirley, Kimberley Title: Co-Offending Among Young Victorian Offenders in 2016 Summary: This fact sheet provides information about young offenders who offend with one or more other people over the past 12 months, including data on demographics and offence types. The key findings of the analysis are that: - In 2007, 62.6% of young offenders were recorded as offending with at least one other person. This has decreased to 56.1% in 2016. - Almost all young co-offenders (70.7%) only offend with other young people. - Young co-offenders are more likely to be male, aged between 10 and 12 years and reside in the 30% most disadvantaged postcodes in Victoria. - Robbery was the offence type most likely to involve young co-offenders, with 61.3% of robbery offences committed by young offenders involving at least one other person. Details: Melbourne, Australia: Crime Statistics Agency, 2017. 3p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2019 at: https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/publications/youth-crime/co-offending-amongst-young-victorian-offenders-in Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/original/public/2017/07/1c/35a4334d4/20170720_In%20Fact%20No.5.pdf Shelf Number: 154356 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Australia Co-Offending Juvenile Delinquency Juveniles Young Offenders Youths |
Author: UNSW Australia Title: Child Maltreatment in Early Childhood: Developmental Vulnerability on the AEDC Summary: - Exposure to any form of childhood maltreatment is associated with an increased risk of developmental vulnerability at age five. - Children exposed to multiple maltreatment types were more likely to be vulnerable on multiple developmental domains, relative to non-maltreated children. - Other important contributors to early developmental vulnerabilities included being male, maternal smoking during pregnancy, young maternal age, socioeconomic disadvantage, and parental mental illness. - Associations between child maltreatment and age 5 developmental vulnerability remained strong after controlling for the influence of other contributing factors. - Early detection and effective intervention for maltreated children could improve development milestones and learning trajectories throughout childhood. Details: Ashfield, New South Wales, Australia: New South Wales Family and Community Services, 2018. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 23, 2019 at: https://www.facs.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/547460/Child-maltreatment-in-early-childhood-developmental-vulnerability-on-the-AEDC-Evidence-to-action-Jan-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.facs.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/547460/Child-maltreatment-in-early-childhood-developmental-vulnerability-on-the-AEDC-Evidence-to-action-Jan-2018.pdf Shelf Number: 154349 Keywords: Child Development Child Welfare Childhood Maltreatment Children Developmental Vulnerabilities Maltreatment Youths |
Author: Puzzanchera, Charles Title: Juveniles on Formal Probation, 2012 Summary: Highlights This bulletin summarizes findings from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP) Census of Juveniles on Probation, which is based on a 1-day count of youth under formal probation supervision in the United States. - An estimated 247,050 youth were under formal probation supervision on October 24, 2012. - More than three of every four (77%) probationers in 2012 were male and two-thirds (67%) were age 16 or older. - Non-Hispanic white youth accounted for the majority (44%) of those on probation, followed by non-Hispanic black youth (32%) and Hispanic youth (20%). Combined, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and multi-racial youth accounted for about 4% of those on probation. - More than one-third (37%) were on probation as the result of a property offense; theft (12%) and burglary (11%) were the most common property offenses for which youth were on probation. Details: Washington, DC: National Center for Juvenile Justice, 2018. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 1, 2019 at: http://www.ncjj.org/Publication/Juveniles-on-Formal-Probation-2012.aspx Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjj.org/pdf/CJP2012_20181119.pdf Shelf Number: 154231 Keywords: At-Risk Youths Census of Juveniles on Probation Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency PreventProbation Youths |
Author: Tairu, Karaitiana Title: Maori Teenage Sexting Statistics: Prevalence and Attitudes Summary: Summary of Findings Maori teenagers are more likely to receive unsolicited nude or nearly nude content and to be asked for nude content of themselves than any other ethnicity. Maori teenage girls are more likely to be the target of requests for their nudes, or receiving them from other people without request than any other ethnicity (based on all female statistics). Though the report did not differentiate ethnicity of disabled participants, disabled Maori girls are likely to be more vulnerable to receiving and being asked for nudes than non disabled girls (based on overall findings). XX Maori and Pasifika teens do not think sharing nude pictures of themselves is a good way to explore themselves as they grow up, compared to 20% more of NZ European/Pākehā teens who believe it is a good way to explore themselves. While a majority of all teens think that sending nudes is a problem, the minority who disagree: Maori, Pacific and Asian teens are three times less likely than NZ European/Pakeha to disagree. Sharing nudes is not commonly spoken about in Maori teen culture. Of about 240 Maori participants aged between 14-17 - Approximately 58 Maori teens have received unsolicited nude or nearly nude content. - Approximately 65 Maori teens were asked for nude or nearly nude content of themselves. - 110 Maori participants disagree with the following statement "Sending nudes is a good way to explore things about themselves as they grow up". - 36 Maori participants agree that rarely does sharing of nudes occur. - 67 Maori participants agree that sometimes sharing of nudes occur. - 91 Maori participants agree that nudes are often shared. - 48 Maori participants agree that is very often that sharing of nudes occur. - 110 Maori participants agree that sending nudes is a good way to explore things about yourself growing up. - Approximately 2 Maori participants do not consider the sharing of nude content online as a problem. Details: Christchurch, New Zealand: IpuSafe, 2018. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 3, 2019 at: http://www.taiuru.maori.nz/wp-content/uploads/Prevalence-and-attitudes-of-M%C4%81ori-teenagers-about-sexting.pdf Year: 2018 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.taiuru.maori.nz/prevalence-attitudes-maori-teenagers-sexting/ Shelf Number: 154757 Keywords: Juveniles New Zealand Nude Content Pornography Sexting Youths |
Author: HM Inspectorate of Prisons Title: Children in Custody 2017-18: An Analysis of 12-18 Year Olds' Perceptions of Their Experiences in Secure Training Centres and Young Offender Institutions Summary: Key findings This independent report by HM Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP), commissioned by the Youth Justice Board (YJB), presents the findings from 686 surveys completed by children detained at every secure training centre (STC) (N=3) and young offender institution (YOI) (N=5, plus a separate specialist unit at one site) between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. All surveys were conducted to support unannounced inspections of each establishment. The surveys enable comparisons to be made with the results from 2016-17 and between children with different characteristics or experiences. In relation to STCs, our survey findings during 2017-18 show that: - broadly speaking the profile of children in STCs has not changed since 2016-17: - 42% of all children in STCs identified as being from a black or other minority ethnic background; - 8% of children identified as female; - one in eight (13%) children identified as Muslim; - the proportion who said they were from a Gypsy, Romany or Traveller background was 11%, which compares with estimates of 0.01% in the population as a whole; - over a third of children (34%) reported feeling unsafe at some point since arriving at the STC. Fourteen per cent felt unsafe at the time of the inspection - those children who reported having felt unsafe also reported poorer experiences in the area of victimisation than those who did not; - over half of children (56%) in STCs reported that they had been physically restrained in the centre; - nearly a third of children (30%) reported being victimised by other children by being shouted at through windows. In relation to YOIs, our survey findings during 2017-18 show that: - the profile of boys in YOIs has not changed significantly since 2016-17: - over half (51%) of boys identified as being from a black or minority ethnic background, the highest rate recorded through our surveys in the secure estate; - the proportion of boys who had experienced local authority care was 39%; - nearly a quarter (23%) of boys identified as Muslim; - almost one-fifth (19%) of boys reported having a disability; - fewer than one boy in 10 (6%) identified themselves as being from a Gypsy, Romany or Traveller background; - half of children (50%) reported that they had been physically restrained in their establishment; - when asked if they had ever felt unsafe at their establishment, 40% of boys said they had felt unsafe; - children who had felt unsafe were more likely than other children to report negatively across a range of areas of daily life, such as relationships with staff and victimisation from both other children and members of staff, suggesting that that strategies to help children feel safer should focus on addressing a range of issues. A comparison between the survey responses of young people held in YOIs and STCs during 2017-18 showed that children in STCs were more likely to report that staff treated them with respect (87% compared with 64% in YOIs). Details: London, UK: HM Inspectorate of Prisons, 2019. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 3, 2019 at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/01/6.5164_HMI_Children-in-Custody-2017-18_A4_v10_web.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons/inspections/children-in-custody-2017-18/ Shelf Number: 154756 Keywords: At-Risk YouthsChildrenEnglandJuvenile Detention CenterJuvenilesPrisonSecure Training CenterYoung Offender InstituteYouth Justice BoardYouths |
Author: Towler, Keith Title: Prompt Positive Action: Interventions with Offenders Aged 18-25 in South Wales Summary: The 18-25 Diversion Projects were launched in January 2015 by the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales. They work with 18 to 25 year olds who have been arrested in order to prevent repeat offending. This also has the benefit of diverting them away from the criminal justice system. It adopts a restorative practice approach. If a young adult is accepted onto the Project they receive an Adult Community Resolution instead of being processed to a caution or court disposal. Undertaking the Adult Community Resolution, where the young person accepts responsibility for his or her actions, results in a programme of intervention and the young person avoids receiving a criminal record. Each young adult agrees to an individual intervention plan with his or her 18-25 Project Worker. The intervention plan aims to address offending behaviour using a restorative practice model, and identifies steps to be taken to support the young adult if further needs are identified. In Cardiff, Vale of Glamorgan, Bridgend, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea the work is managed by Media Academy Cardiff (MAC), a third sector organisation, and in Cwm Taf (Rhondda Cynon Taf and Merthyr) by the local authority DIVERT Team. The MAC work is known as the 18-25 Triage Project and in Cwm Taf the project is called DIVERT 18-25. This review looks at both and refers to the 18-25 Project except when referring specifically to one or other of the above. The Strategic Oversight for the 18-25 Project is provided through the South Wales Criminal Justice and IOM Board and within South Wales Police by the Bronze Board on Victims, Offenders and the Criminal Justice System, which reports to the Police and Crime Commissioner and the Chief Constable. The operational arrangements are overseen by a multi agency Steering Group. Keith Towler was commissioned by The Police and Crime Commissioner to undertake a holistic, independent evaluation of the 18-25 Project across the South Wales Police Area. It is not an academic study but looks at quality, the experience of the young adults involved and the approach taken by practitioners. It asks what impact this work is having in practice. The Commissioner is looking separately at the statistics in respect of each scheme. In accordance with the requirements of the evaluation plan agreed by the Home Office Police Innovation Fund, this qualitative review, will be complemented by detailed analysis of the statistical data gathered by MAC and DIVERT between April 2016 and March 2017. The review began in June 2016 and concluded in March 2017 and this report outlines the findings. During that time 547 young adults (452 MAC 18-25 Triage and 95 DIVERT 18-25) passed through the 18-25 Project and 70 participated directly in this review. Details: S.L.: Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales, 2017. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2019 at: http://yvcommission.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/2017-03-28-Keith-Towler-18-25-Report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://yvcommission.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/2017-03-28-Keith-Towler-18-25-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 156009 Keywords: Diversion Project Juvenile Justice Qualitative Review Repeat Offending Restorative Justice South Wales Young Adults Youths |
Author: Nord, Nina Axnas och Annica Title: Evaluation of the Cooperation to Prevent Social Unrest in the Jarva Area Summary: The main purpose of this report is to describe the initiation and development of forms of cooperation at all levels of the cooperation work conducted in the Jarva area within the Vasterort Police District. The aim is also to identify the factors that, according to the actors involved, have led to a better cooperation process, as well as the shortcomings which have contributed to an unsuccessful cooperation. What are the success factors for the cooperation work? Cooperation in Vasterort has been built up gradually, both in project form and in the daily line operations. Some projects have been successful, while others have not. Four main categories in the cooperation work are highlighted in the results: fundamental conditions, value-adding factors, complex factors and one area for improvement. Fundamental conditions include factors that are generally considered necessary for the cooperation to work at all. These include a common situational awareness, regular cooperation meetings at several levels, mature organisation, time, continuity, personal relationships, commitment and support from management. Value-adding factors are factors that have developed the cooperation for the better. These include real enthusiasts and driving forces, recruitment in the local community, cultural understanding and support, communication and encouragement. We have also identified a number of complex factors which may be value-adding, but which also come with certain risks. Found among these are youth involvement, youth centres and overworked cooperation. Finally, we have identified an area for improvement: Parent participation: The field study in the Jarva area and the contextual analysis show that the working methods used in the various cities in Sweden are similar in many respects. Factors highlighted as successful are repeated, both within Sweden and in Copenhagen and London. There is also a consistency in what is lacking. We believe the main reason for this to be, in part, the absence of a national collaborative forum for the organisations, and partly that the effects of the crime prevention cooperation efforts are not so easily measured. The natural continuation of this report is to develop a cooperation measurement that can show whether the collaborative actors are working on the right things and that the work should thereby be more actively prioritised; alternatively, if it is a waste of public resources so that time and energy should be devoted to other things. Details: Stockholm, Sweden: Polismyndigheten, 2012. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2019 at: http://polisen.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/EU-report-English-version.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Sweden URL: http://polisen.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/EU-report-English-version.pdf Shelf Number: 156061 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Community Engagement Law Enforcement Policing Sweden Youths |
Author: Ehrmann, Samantha Title: Girls in the Juvenile Justice System Summary: This bulletin presents statistics on girls in the juvenile justice system from three national data collections, covering their involvement from arrest through residential placement. It also provides an analysis of trends and case processing in addition to characteristics of the youth studied and their offenses. Details: Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 2019. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 3, 2019 at: https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251486.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251486.pdf Shelf Number: 156141 Keywords: Gender and Crime Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice System Juveniles Statistics Youths |
Author: Darnell, A.J. Title: Measuring Youth Cannabis Use in Washington State Summary: In 2018, WSIPP was assigned to examine current methods for measuring youth marijuana use and to identify potential improvements. We focused on the primary source of data on youth marijuana use in Washington, the Healthy Youth Survey (HYS). In considering improvements to the HYS we reviewed current research on harmful consequences of marijuana use, with the aim of identifying specific aspects of use that are most strongly related to harm. Inconsistency in prior measurement prevented clear identification of the most harmful aspects, but the evidence suggests that features of intensive cannabis use are important to measure. We also examined five recently developed surveys of cannabis use to identify common elements of newer approaches, and we spoke to a number of experts for insight into the status of the HYS, the practical realities of revising it, and methods for measuring cannabis use, more broadly. Marijuana use is a complex phenomenon to measure, particularly amidst the dynamic context of legalization. We identified a series of practical revisions to the marijuana questions in the HYS that would both allow for clearer description of the changing varieties of marijuana use among youth and would provide an economical reflection of more intensive - and more harmful - versions of use. These changes could be more readily accomplished if the HYS moves to electronic administration, a prospect that is currently being considered by HYS planners. These improvements can be expected to increase the utility of HYS data for prevention planning. Details: Olympia, Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2019. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2019 at: https://www.wsipp.wa.gov/Publications Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.wsipp.wa.gov/ReportFile/1704/Wsipp_Measuring-Youth-Cannabis-Use-in-Washington-State_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 156179 Keywords: Cannabis Drug Use Marijuana Legalization Policy Substance Use Washington Weed Youths |
Author: Scottish Government Title: Key Messages for Young People on Healthy Relationships and Consent: A Resource for Professionals Working with Young People Summary: The key messages on healthy relationships and consent have been developed as part of the Scottish Government's work on supporting positive relationships and sexual wellbeing in young people. The messages set out that relationships should be mutually respectful, consensual, positive, healthy and enjoyable. They are applicable to all romantic relationships - from those that are about holding hands to those where young people are sexually active, regardless of whether they are in same sex or mixed sex relationships. The messages are intended for professionals who work with young people (described here as being secondary age to young adult) using their own professional judgement to determine when the messages are age and stage appropriate for the young person or people with whom they are working. An age and stage appropriate resource aimed at professionals working with younger children is being developed separately. For some young people, these messages will communicate information that will be of use to them in the future. For others, the information will be pertinent right now, to help them negotiate their relationships and identify when their own, or others', behaviour is nonconsensual, abusive or unhealthy. The intention is that this resource can be used by any professional or organisation to ensure that communication with young people on the topics of healthy relationships and consent is consistent. The messages can be incorporated into any work with young people. For example, education about relationships, sexual health and parenthood (RSHP), information campaigns, one-to-one or group work, or into general discussions with young people. They can be used as part of structured sessions or opportunistically/at teachable moments. In doing so, the intention is that a positive understanding of healthy relationships and consent will be consolidated over time. Details: Edinburgh, United Kingdom: 2019. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2019 at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/key-messages-young-people-healthy-relationships-consent-resource-professionals-working-young-people/ Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.scot/publications/key-messages-young-people-healthy-relationships-consent-resource-professionals-working-young-people/ Shelf Number: 156194 Keywords: Rape Sexual Consent Sexual Health Youths |
Author: Smith, James P. Title: As Youthful Arrests Spike, Their Consequences Rise, Too Summary: Americans are experiencing higher rates of arrests and convictions by age 26 than did members of the generations before them - and the consequences may be serious and lasting for them and the nation, according to a RAND Corporation study by James P. Smith. The study showed that Americans ages 26 - 35 were 3.6 times more likely to have been arrested by 26 when compared with those who were age 66 and older. Roughly a third of men ages 26 - 35 had been arrested by 26, 2.6 times the rate of those 66 and older. Details: Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 2019. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2019 at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB10062.html Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB10062.html Shelf Number: 157090 Keywords: ArrestsYouths |