PAGENO="0001" ECONOM~C OPPORTUMTY ACT AMENIDMENTS OF ~%7 / ~ HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND `LABOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETIETH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION -. ON ~JFL C3U1 AND VARIOUS BILLS TO PROVIDE AN IMPROVED CHARTER FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNI~TY ACT PROGRAMS, TO ADTHOR- IZE FUNDS FOR THEIR CONTINUED OPERATION, TO EXPAND SUMMER CAMP OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISADVANTAGED CHIL- DREN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES PART 1 HEARINGS HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 12 AND 16, 1967 Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor CARL D. PERKINS, Chairman 0 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 80-084 0 WASHINGTON: 1967 PAGENO="0002" COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR CARL D. PERKINS, Kentucky, Chairman EDITH GREEN, Oregon FRANK THOMPSON, Ju., New Jersey ELMER J. HOLLAND, Pennsylvania JOHN H. DENT, Pennsylvania ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, Illinois DOMINICK V. DANIELS, New Jersey JOHN BRADEMAS, Indiana JAMES G. O'HARA, Michigan HUGH L. CAREY, New York AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, California SAM GIBBONS, Florida WILLIAM D. FORD, Michigan WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine PATSY T. MINK, Hawaii JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York LLOYD MEEDS, Washington PHILLIP BURTON, California CARL ALBERT, Oklahoma II WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio ALBERT H. QUIE, Minnesota CHARLES E. GOODELL, New York JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Ohio ALPHONZO BELL, California OGDEN R. REID, New York EDWARD J. GURNEY, Florida JOHN N. ERLENBORN, Illinois WILLIAM J. SCHERLE, Iowa JOHN DELLENBACK, Oregon MARVIN L. ESCH, Michigan EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN, Pennsylvania JAMES C. GARDNER, North Carolina WILLIAM A. STEIGER, Wisconsin PAGENO="0003" CONTENTS Hearings held in Washington, D.C.: Page June 12, 1967 1 June 16, 1967 109 Text of bills: H.R. 8311 H.R. 10682 36 Statement of- Berry, Theodore M., Assistant Director, Community Action pro- grams 80 Howard, Jack, Administrator, Bureau of Work Programs, Depart- ment of Labor 86 Shriver, Sargent, Director, Office of Economic Opportunity; Bertrand M. Harding, Deputy Director; William P. Kelly, Director, Job Corps; Donald M. Baker, General Counsel; Robert A. Levine, Assistant Director, Research, Plans, Programs, and Evaluation; and David Gottlieb, assistant to Job Corps Director 74, 109, 795 Sugarman, Jule M., Director, Headstart program 99 Statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.: Gardner, Hon. James C., a Representative in Congress from the State of North Carolina, letter from Hon. Sargent Shriver, Director, Office of Economic Opportunity, Executive Office of the President, dated June 15, 1967 789 Scherle, Hon. William J., a Representative in Congress from the State of Iowa, newspaper article by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott en- titled, "OEO Has Been Spending Millions-Congress Wants To Know What the Money's Buying" 778 Shriver, Hon. Sargent, Director, Office of Economic Opportunity: "A Continuing Study of Job Corps Terminations," report by Louis Harris & Associates 471 "A Study of August 1966 Terminations From the Job Corps," report by Louis Harris & Associates 337 "A Study of Job Corps `No-Shows' Accepted Applicants Who Did Not Go to a Training Center," report by Louis Harris & Associates 241 "A Study of Job Corps Nongraduate Terminations," report by Louis Harris & Associates 123 Corpsmen employed by contractors and members of the Business Leadership Advisory Council 786 Educational gains 757 Figure 1. Rate achievement in reading 761 Figure 2. Rate of achievement in arithmetic 761 Figure 3. Rate of achievement in reading 765 Figure 4. Rate of achievement in arithmetic 765 Table 1. Grade equivalents in reading of corpsman gains sample at entry into Job Corps 759 Table 2. Grade equivalents in math of corpsman gains sample at entry into Job Corps 759 Table 3. Median grade equivalents in reading at entry into Job Corps 760 Table 4. Median grade equivalents in artithmetic at entry into Job Corps 760 Table 5. Percent showing improvement in reading between October 1966 and January 1967 by amount of time in Job Corps 762 III PAGENO="0004" IV CONTENTS Statements, letters, supplemental materials, etc-Continued Shriver, Hon. Sargeant, Director, Office of Economic Opportunity-Con. Educational gains-Continued Table 6. Percent showing improvement in arithmetic com- putation between October 1966 and January 1967, by Page amount of time in Job Corps 762 Table 7. Unadjusted gains for center groups, October 1966 to January 1967, by October achievement level 763 Table 8. Reading scores and gains reported as grade equiva- lents 766 Table 9. Arithemetie scores and gains reported as grade equivalents 766 "Employers Pleased With Job Corps Youth," press release 796 Full interviews with 1,161 enrollees who had not completed a program 502 Job Corps enrolles with previous earnings of $1.75 per hour 120 Job Corps evaluation, research and program projects 681 Job Corps reports-Community relations (letters) 507 Job Corps-Summary of curricular development costs, fiscal years 1965-67 (table) 799 Letter to Congressman James C. Gardner, dated June 15, 1967~ 789 Profile of VISTA volunteers (table) 840 Unionization guidelines 826 Urban centers-Men's and women's 782 U.S. Chamber of Commerce report, a more detailed look 501 VISTA in Iowa and the seventh district 831 VISTA political guidelines 825 Sviridoff, Mitchell, administrator, the city of New York Human Resources Administration, letter to Chairman Perkins, dated July 19, 1967 85 PAGENO="0005" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 MONDAY, JUNE 12, 1967 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR, Wa$hington, D.C. The committee met at 10 a.m., pursuant to call, in room 2175, Ray- burn House Office Building, Hon. Carl D. Perkins (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Representatives Perkins, Green, Dent, Pucinski, Daniels, Hawkins, Gibbons, Ford, Hathaway, Scheuer, Quie, Goodell, Bell, Reid, Erlenborn, Scherle, Dellenback, Esch, Gardner, and Steiger. Also present: H. D. Reed, Jr., general counsel; Robert E. McCord, senior specialist; Louise Maxienne Dargans, research assistant; Ben- jamin Reeves, editor of committee publications; Austin Sullivan, in- vestigator; Marian Wyman, special assistant; Charles W. Radcliffe, minority counsel for education; and John Buckley, minority in- vestigator; Dixie Barger, minority research assistant; and W. Phillips Rockefeller, minority research specialist. (Text of bills H.R. 8311 and H.R. 10682 follows:) {H.R. 8311, 90th Cong., first sess.] A BILL To provide an improved charter for Economic 0pportunit~ Act programs, to authorize funds for their continued operation, to expand summer camp opportunities for disadvantaged children, and for other purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and Honse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1907". AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEc. 2. For the purpose of carrying out programs under the Economic Oppor- tunity Act of 1964 (other than part C of title I of such Act), there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the sum of $2,060,000,000, of which subject to the provisions of section 616 of such Act, the amounts appropriated or made available by appropriation Act shall not ex- ceed $874,000.000 for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of title I of such Act, $1,022,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out title II, $47,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out title II, $70,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out title V, $16,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out title VI, and $31,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out title VIII. TITLE I-AMENDMENTS TO THE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT JOB CORPS AMENDMENTS SEC. 101. Part A of title I of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1064 is amended to read as follows: PAGENO="0006" 2 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDME~PS OF 1967. `PART A-JOB CORPS "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "SEc. 101. This part establishes a Job Corps for low-income, disadvantaged young men and women, sets forth standards and procedures for selecting indi- viduals as enrollees in the Job Corps, authorizes the establishment of residential centers in which enrollees will participate in intensive programs of education, vocational training, work expe.rience, counseling, and other activities, and pre- scribes various other powers, duties, and responsibilities incident to the operation and continuing development of the Job Corps. Its purpose is to assist young per- sons who need and can benefit from an unusually intensive program, operated in a group setting distinct from their current environment, to become more respon- sible, employable, and productive citizens; and to do so in a way that contributes, where feasible, to the development of National, State, and community resources, and to the development and dissemination of techniques for working with the disadvantaged that can be widely utilized by public and private institutions and agencies. "ESTABLISHMENT OF THE JOB CORPS "SEC. 102. There is hereby established within the Office of Economic Oppor- tunity a `Job Corps.' "INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE FOR THE JOB CORPS "Snc. 103. To become an enrollee in the Job Corps, a young man or woman must be a person who- "(1) is a permanent resident of the United States who has attained age sixteen but not attained age twenty-two at the time of enrollment; "(2) is a low-income individual or member of a low-income family who requires additional education, training, or intensive counseling and related assistance in order to secure and hold meaningful employment, participate successfully in regular schoolwork, qualify for training programs suitable to his needs or satisfy Armed Forces requirements; "(3) is currently living in an environment so characterized by cultural deprivation, a disruptive homelife or other disorienting conditions as to substantially impair his prospects for successful participation in any other program providing needed training, education, or assistance; "(4) is determined, after careful screening as provided for in sections 104 and 105, to have the present capabilities and aspirations needed to com- plete and secure the full benefit of the program authorized in this part, and to be free of medical and behavorial problems so serious that he could not or would not be able to adjust to the standards of conduct and discipline or pattern of work and training which that program involves; "(5) meets such other standards for enrollment as the Director may prescribe and agrees to comply with all applicable Job Corps rules and regulations. "SCREENING AND SELECTION OF APPLICANTS-GENERAL PROVISIONS "SEC. 104. (a) The Director shall prescribe necessary rules for the screening and selection of applicants for enrollment in the Job Corps. To the extent prac- ticable, these rules shall be implemented through arrangements which make use of public or private nonprofit agencies and organizations such as community action agencies, public employment offices, professional groups, and labor organi- zations. The rules shall establish specific standards and procedures for con- ducting screening and selection activities; shall encourage recruitment through agencies and individuals having contact with youths over substantial periods of time and able, accordingly, to offer the reliable information as to their needs and problems; and shall provide for necessary consultation with other individ- uals and organizations, including courts, probation and parole offices, law enforce- ment authorities, schools, welfare agencies, and medical agencies, and advisers. They shall also provide for- "(1) an interview with each applicant for the purpose of- "(A) determining whether his educational and vocational needs can best be met through the Job Corps or any alternative program in his home community; PAGENO="0007" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 3 "(B) obtaining from the applicant pertinent data relating to his background, needs, and interests for evaluation in determining his eligibility and potential assignment; and "(C) giving the applicant a full understanding of the Job Corps program and making clear what will be expected of him as an enrollee in the event of his acceptance. "(2) the conduct of a careful and systematic inquiry concerning the ap- plicant's background for the effective development and, as appropriate. clarification of information concerning his age, citizenship, school and draft status, health, employability, past behavior, family income, environment, and other matters related to a determination of his eligibility. "(b) The Director shall make no payments to any individual or organization solely as compensation for the service of referring the names of candidates for enrollment in the Job Corps. "SCREENING AND SELECTION-SPECIAL LIMITATIONS "SEC. 105. (a) No individual shall be selected as an enrollee unless it is deter- mined that he can participate successfully in group situations and activities with other enrollees, that he is not likely to engage in actions or behavior that would prevent other enrollees from receiving the benefit of the program or be incompatible with the maintenance of sound discipline and satisfactory rela- tionships between any center to which he might be assigned and surrounding communities, and that he manifests a basic understanding of both the rules to which he will be subject and of the consequences of failure to observe those rules. An individual shall be considered not to meet these requirements if he has a history of serious and violent behavior against persons or property, repetitive delinquent acts, narcotics addition or other major behavioral aberrations. The rules or regulations issued by the Director under this section shall specify, in detail, the actions or attributes which shall preclude selection, and those rules or regulations shall be binding upon all agencies authorized to screen or select persons for enrollment. The Director may authorize screening and selection agencies to refer to him cases where notwithstanding the fact that the individual is not subject to specific disqualification set forth in those rules or regulations. they believe that there may be doubt as to whether he should be accepted; and cases where, notwithstanding a specific disqualification, they believe there may be unusual circumstances warranting an exception to permit selection. Excep- tions, however, shall be granted by the Director only where he determines that selection would be fully consistent with the standards relating to the interests of other enrollees, the maintenance of discipline and satisfactory community relations, as set forth in this section. "(b) An individual who otherwise qualifies for enrollment may be selected even though he is on probation or parole, but only if his release from the imme- diate supervision of the cognizant probation or parole officials is mutually satis- factory to those officials and the Director and does not violate applicable laws or regulations, and if the Director has arranged to provide all supervision of the individual and all reports to State or other authorities that may be necessary to comply with applicable probation or parole requirements. "(c) The Director shall maintain a continuing review of `the criteria and proced'ures established under this part for the screening and selection of Jol) Corps applicants both with respect to their adequacy and the effectiveness with which they are applied, and he shall take such actions as may be neces'sary to assure that all agencies which are assigned screening and selection functions comply fully with those criteria and procedures. "ENROLLMENT AND ASSIGNMENT "SEC. lOG. (a) No individual may be enrolled in the Job Corps for more than two years, except as the Director may authorize in special cases. "(b) `Enrollment in the Job Corps shall not relieve any individual of obligation~ under the University Military Training and Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 etseq.). "(c) Each enrollee (other than a native and citizen of Cuba described in section 609(3) of this Act) must take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the fol- lowing form :,`I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I bear `true faith and allegiance PAGENO="0008" 4 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 to the United States of America and will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all its enemies foreign and domestic.' The provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code, shall be applicable to this oath or affirmation. "(d) Each enrollee shall be assigned to a center appropriate to his needs, as determined by the Director, which (taking into account current vacancies and requirements for the efficient program operation) is closest to the residence of such enrollee. "(e) Assignments of male enrollees shall be made so that, at any one time, at least 40 per centum of those enrollees are assigned to conservation centers, as described in section 107, or to other centers or projects where their work activity is primarily directed to the conservation, development, or management of public national resources or recreational areas and is performed under the direction of personnel of agencies regularly responsible for those functions. "JOB CORPS CENTERS "SEC. 107. The Director may make agreements with Federal, State, or local agencies, or private organizations for the establishment and operation of Job Corps centers. These centers shall be primarily residential in character and shall be designated and operated so as to provide enrollees, in a well-supervised setting, with edu~ation, vocational training, work experience (either in direct program activities or through arrangements with employers), counseling and other services appropriate to their needs. The centers shall include conservation centers to be located primarily in rural areas and to provide, in addition to other training and assistance, programs of work experience focused upon activi- ties to conserve, develop, or manage public natural resources or public recreational areas or to assist in developing community projects in the public interest. They shall also include men's training centers to be located in either urban or rural areas and to provide activities which shall include training and other services appropriate for enrollees w'ho can be expected to participate successfully in training for specific types of skilled or semiskilled employment; and w-omen's training centers, to be located in either urban or rural areas, and which shall provide education, training, and other activities appropriate to the special needs and potentialities of young women. "PROGRAM ACTIVITIES "SEC. 108. (a) Each Job Corps center shall be operated so as to provide enrollees with an intensive, well-organized and fully supervised program of education, vocational training, work experience, planned avocational and recreational activities, physical rehabilitation and development, and counseling. To the fullest extent feasible, the required program for each enrollee shall include activities designed to assist him in choosing realistic career goals, coping with problems he may encounter in his home community or in adjusting to a new community, and planning and managing his daily affairs in a manner that will best con- tribute to long-term upward mobility, and shall aggregate at least sixty hours a week. Center programs shall include required participation in center main- tenance support and related work activity as appropriate to assist enrollees in increasing their sense of contribution, responsibility, and discipline. "(b) To the extent practicable, the Director may arrange for enrollee educa- tion and vocational training through local public or private educational agencies, vocational educational institutions, or technical institutes where these institu- tions or institutes can provide training comparable in cost and substantially equivalent in quality to that which he could provide through other means. "(c) Arrangements for education shall, to the extent feasible, provide oppor- tunities for qualified enrollees to obtain the equivalent of a certificate of gradua- tion from high school; and the Director, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, shall develop certificates to be issued to enrollees who have satisfactory completed their services in the Job Corps and which will reflect the enrollee's level of educational attainment. "(d) The Director shall prescribe regulations to assure that Job Corps work- experience programs or activities do not displace presently employed workers or impair existing contracts for service and will be coordinated with other work- experience programs in the community. PAGENO="0009" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 5 "ALLOWANCE AND SUPPORT "SEC. 109. (a) The Director may provide enrollees with such personal travel and leave allowances, and such quarters, su;bsistence, transportation, equip- ment, clothing, recreational services, and other expenses as he may deem neces- sary or appropriate to their needs. Personal allowances shall be established at a rate not to exceed $50 per month, except in unusual circumstances as determined by *the Director; shall be graduated up to the maximum so as to encourage achievement and the best use by the enrollee of the funds so provided; and shall be subject to reduction in appropriate cases as a disciplinary measure. To the degree reasonable, enrollees shall be required to meet or contribute to costs associated with their individual comfort and enjoyment from their personal allowances. `(b) The Director shall prescribe specific rules governing the accrual of leave by enrollees. Except in the case of emergency, he shall in no event assume trans- portation costs connected with leave of any enrollee who has not completed at least six months service in the Job Corps. "(c) The Director may provide each former enrollee, upon termination, a readjustment allowance at a rate not to exceed $50 for each month of satisfactory participation in the Job Corps. No enrollee shall be entitled to a readjustment al- lowance, however, unless he has remained in the program at least ninety days, ex- cept in unusual circumstances as determined by the Director. The Director may, from time to time, advance to or on behalf of an enrollee such portions of his readjustment allowance as the Director deems necessary to meet extraordinary financial obligations incurred by that enrollee; and he may also, pursuant to rules or regulations, reduce the amount of an enrollee's readjustment allowance as a penalty for misconduct during participation in the Job Corps. In the event of an enrollee's death during his period of service, the amount of any unpaid re- adjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5582 of title 5, United States Code. "(d) Under such circumstances as the Director may determine, a portion of the readjustment allowance of an enrollee not exceeding $25 for each month of satisfactory service may be paid during the period of service of the enrollee directly to a spouse or child of an enrollee or to any other relative who draws substantial support from the enrollee, and any sum so paid shall be supplemented by the payment of an equal amount by the Director. "STANDARDS OF CONDUCT "SEC. 110. (a) Within Job Corps centers, standards of conduct and deportment shall be provided and stringently enforced. In the case of violations committed by enrollees, dismissals from the Corps or transfers to other locations shall be made in every instance where it is determined that retention in the Corps, or in the particular Job Corps center, will jeopardize the enforcement of such standards of conduct and deportment or diminish the opportunity of other enrollees. "(b) In order to promote the proper moral and disciplinary conditions in the Job Corps, the individual directors of Job Corps centers shall be given full authority to take appropriate disciplinary measures against enrollees including, but not limited to, dismissal from the Job Corps, subject to expeditious appeal procedures to higher authority, as provided under regulations set by the Director. "COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION "SEC. 111. The Director shall encourage and shall cooperate in activities designed to establish a mutually beneficial relationship between Job Corps centers and surrounding or nearby communities. These activities shall include the establishment of community advisory councils to provide a mechanism for joint discussion of common problems and for planning programs of mutual interest. Youth participation in advisory council affairs shall be encouraged and where feasible separate youth councils may be established, to be composed of representative enrollees and representative young people from the commu- nities. The Director shall establish necessary rules and take necessary action to assure that each center is operated in a manner consistent with this section with a view to achieving, so far as possible, objectives which shall include: (1) giving community officials appropriate advance notice of changes in center rules, procedures, or activities that may affect or be of interest to the community; PAGENO="0010" 6 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (2) affording the community a meaningful voice in center affairs of direct con- cern to it, including policies governing the issuance and terms of passes to enrollees; (3) providing center officials with full and rapid access to relevant community groups and agencies, including law enforcement agencies and agencies which work with young people in the community; (4) encouraging the fullest practicable participation of enrollees in programs or projects for community improvement or betterment, with adequate advance consultation with business, labor, professional, and other interested community groups and organizations; (5) arranging recreational, athletic, or similar events in which enrollees and local residents may participate together; (6) providing community residents with opportunities to work with enrollees directly, as part-time instructors, tutors, or advisers, either in the center or in the community; (7) developing, where feasible, job or career opportunities for enrollees in the community; and (8) promoting interchanges of information and techniques among, and coopera- tive projects involving, the center and community schools, educational institu- tions, and agencies serving young people. "PLAcEMENT AND FOLLOWTHROUGII "SEC. 112. The Director shall provide or arrange for necessary services to assist enrollees to secure suitable employment or further training opportunities, to return to school or pursue their education, or undertake some other activity having a career potential. To the extent feasible, placement services shall be undertaken through or in cooperation with agencies or organizations, including the public employment service, which will be iii a position to provide enrollees with reasonable followthrough necessary or appropriate to aid them in making a satisfactory initial adjustment with particular attention to those enrollees who in the course of completing their enrollment in a satisfactory manner have demonstrated the motivation to overcome special handicaps, or who face unusual adjustment problems, as in a new community. "EVALUATION; EXPERIMENTAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL P~OJECTS "SEC. 113. (a) The Director shall provide for the careful and systematic evaluation of the Job Corps program, with a view to measuring specific benefits, so far as practicable, and providing information needed to assess the effective- ness of program procedures, policies, and methods of operation. In carrying out such evaluations, the Director shall consult with other agencies and officials in order to compare the relative effectiveness of Job Corps techniques with those used in other programs, and shall endeavor to secure, through employers, schools, or other Government and private agencies specific information concerning the residence of former enrollees, their employment status, compensation, and suc- cess in adjusting to community life. He shall also secure, to the extent feasible, similar information directly from enrollees at appropriate intervals following their completion of the Job Oorps program. "(b) The Director may undertake or make grants or contracts for experi- mental, research, or demonstration projects directed to developing or testing ways of securing the better use of facilities, of encouraging a more rapid adjust- ment of enrollees to community life that will permit a reduction in the period of their enrollment, of reducing transportation and support costs, or of other- wise promoting greater efficiency and effectiveness in the program authorized under this part. These projects shall include one or more projects providing youths with education, training, and other supportive services on a combined residential and nonresidential basis. Projects under this subsection shall be developed after appropriate consultation with other Federal or State agencies conducting similar or related programs or projects. They may be undertaken jointly with other Federal or federally assisted programs, including programs under part B of this title, and funds otherwise available for activities under those programs shall, with the consent of the head of any agency concerned be available to projects under this section to the extent they include the same or substantially similar activities. The Director may waive any provision of this title which he finds would prevent the carrying out of elements of projects under this subsection essential to a determination of their feasibility and use- fulness. He shall either in his armual report or a separate annual document, report to the Congress concerning the actions taken under this section, including a full description of progress made in connection with combined residential and nonresidential projects. PAGENO="0011" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 7 "ADVISORV BOARDS AND COMMITTEES "SEC. 114. The Director shall make use of advisory committees or boards in connection with the operation of the Job Corps, and the operation of Job Corps centers, whenever he determines that the availability of outside advice and counsel on a regular basis would be of substantial benefit in identifying and overcoming problems, in planning program or center development, or in strength- ening relationships between the Job Corps and agencies, institutions, or groups engaged in related activities. Nothing in this section shall be considered as limit- ing the functions of the National Advisory Council, established pursuant to sec- tion 605 of this Act, with respect to any matter or question involving the Job Corps; but this shall not prevent the establishment through or in cooperation with the National Advisory Council of one or more boards or committees under this section. "PARTICIPATION OF THE STATES "SEC. 115. (a) The Director shall take necessary action to facilitate the effec- tive participation of States in the Job Corps program, including, but not limited to, consultation with appropriate State agencies on matters pertaining to the enforcement of applicable State laws, standards of enrollee conduct and disci- pline, the development of meaningful work experience and other activities for enrollees, and coordination with State-operated programs. "(b) The Director may enter into agreements with States to assist in the operation or administration of State-operated programs which carry out the purpose of this part. The Director may, pursuant to regulations, pay part or all of the operative or administrative costs of such programs. "(c) No Job Corps center or other similar facility designed to carry out the purpose of this Act shall be established within a State unless a plan setting forth such proposed establishment has been submitted to the Governor, and such plan has not been disapproved by him within 30 days of such submission. "APPLICATION OF PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL LAW "SEC. 116. (a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in the following paragraphs of this subsection, enrollees in the Job Corps shall not be considered Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employment, including those regarding hours of work, rates of com- pensation, leave, unemployment compensation, and Federal employee benefits: "(1) For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) and title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.), enrollees shall be deemed employees of the United States and any service performed by an individual as an enrollee shall be deemed to be performed in the employ of the United States. "(2) For purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5 of the United States Code (relating to compensation to Federal employees for work injuries), enrollees shall be deemed civil employees of the United States within the mean- ing of the term `employee' as defined in section 8101 of title 5, United States Code, and the provisions of that subchapter shall apply except as follows: "(A) The term `performance of duty' shall not include any act of an enrollee while absent from his or her assigned post of duty, except while participating in an activity (including an activity while on pass or during travel to or from such post of duty) authorized by or under the direction and supervision of the Job Corps; "(B) In computing compensation benefits for disability or death, the monthly pay of an enrollee shall be deemed that received under the en- trance salary for a grade GS-2 employee, and sections 811B (a) and (b) of titleS, United States Code, shall apply to enrollees; and "(C) Compensation for disability shall not begin to accrue until the day following the date on which the injured enrollee is terminated. "(3) For purposes of the Federal tort claims provisions in title 28, United States Code, enrollees shall be considered employees of the Government. `(b) When the Director finds a claim for damage to persons or property re- sulting from the operation of the Job Corps to be a proper charge against the United States, and it is not cognizable under section 2672 of title 28, United States Code, he may adjust and settle it in an amount not exceeding $500. PAGENO="0012" 8 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967. "(c) Personnel of the uniformed services who are detailed or assigned to duty in the performance of agreements made by the Director for the support of the Corps shall not be counted in computing strength under any law limiting the strength of such services or in computing the percentage authorized by law for any grade therein. "SPECIAL LIMITATIONS "SEC. 117. (a) The Director shall not use any funds made available to carry out this part for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, in a manner that will increase above forty-five thousand the enrollee capacity of Job Corps centers. "(b) The Director shall take necessary action to insure that on or before June 30, 1968, of the total number of Job Corps enrollees in residence and re- ceiving training, at least 25 per centum shall be women. "(c) The Director shall take necessary action to insure that for any fiscal year the direct operating costs of Job Corps centers which have been in operation for more than nine months do not exceed $7,300 per enrollee. "(d) The Director shall take necessary action to insure that all studies, evalua- tions, proposals, and data produced or developed with Federal funds in the course of the operation of any conservation or training center shall become the property of the United States. "POLITICAL DISCRIMINATION AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY "SEC. 118. (a) No Officer or employee of the executive branch of the Federal Government shall make any inquiry concerning the political affiliation or beliefs of any enrollee or applicant for enrollment in the Corps. All disclosures concern- ing such matters shall be ignored, except as to such membership in political parties or organizations as constitutes by law a disqualification for Government employment. No discrimination shall be exercised, threatened, or promised by any person in the executive branch of the Federal Government against or in favor of any enrollee in the Corps, or any applicant for enrollment in the Corps because of his political affiliation or beliefs, except as may be specifically author- ized or required by law. "(b) No officer, employee, or enrollee of the Corps shall take any active part in political management or in political campaigns, except as may be provided by or pursuant to statute, and no such officer. employee, or enrollee shall use his official position or influence for the purpose of interfering with an election or affecting the result thereof. AU such persons shall retain the right to vote as they may choose and to express, in their private capacities, their opinions on all poli- tical subjects and candidates. Any officer, employee, enrollee, or Federal em- ployee who solicits funds for political purposes from members of the Corps, shall be in violation of the Corrupt Practices Act. "(c) Whenever the United States Civil Service Commission finds than any person has violated the foregoing provisions, it shall, after giving due notice and opportunity for explanation to the officer or employee or enrollee concerned, certify the facts to the Director with specific instructions as to discipline or dis- missal or other corrective actions." WORK AND TRAINING PROGRAMS SEC. 102. Parts B and D of title I of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 are consolidated as a new part B of such title and amended to read as follows: "PART B-WoRK AND TRAINING FOR YOUTh AND ADULTS "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "SEC. 120. The purpose of this part is to provide useful work-experience and work~training opportunities, together with related services and assistance, that will assist low-income youths to continue or resume their education, and to help unemployed, underemployed, or other low-income and severely disadvantaged persons, both young and adult, to obtain and hold regular competitive employ- ment. with maximum opportunities for local initiative in developing programs which respond to local needs and problems, including programs using both public and private resources to overcome the complex problems of the most severely dis- advantaged in areas having high concentrations of unemployment, underemploy- ment, and low income. PAGENO="0013" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 9 "NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH CORPS "SEC. 121. The Director may provide financial assistance for- "(1) programs to provide part-time employment, on-the-job training, and useful work experience for students from low-income families who are in the ninth through twelfth grades of school (or are of an age equivalent to that of students in such grades) and who are in need of the earnings to per- mit them to resume or maintain attendance in school; and "(2) programs to provide unemployed individuals (aged sixteen through twenty-one years at the time of enrollment) with useful work experience and on-the-job training, combined where needed with educational and training assistance, including basic literacy and occupational training, designed to assist those individuals to develop their maximum occupational potential. "COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS "SEC. 122. (a) The Director may provide financial assistance for community employment and training projects. These projects shall provide work experience, on-the-job, or work training for unemployed, underemployed, or low-income per- sons (including projects involving both adults and youths age sixteen or over). They shall be designed to assist participants to secure or qualifying for- "(1) permanent, meaningful employment without further assistance under this section, and "(2) wherever possible, entry-level jobs invloving the use or acquisition of skills needed for subprofes~ional or other career opportunities offering promise of regular or continued advancement. "(b) Where feasible and consistent with the objectives of subsection (a), projects under this section shall be designed so that participants acquire work skills or experience in activities that involve, or will lead to permanent employ- ment in, fields where there are critical or unmet community needs. These fields may include, without limitation, the management, conservation, or development of natural resources, recreational areas, public parks, highways, or other lands; neighborhood redevelopment; the provision of health, education, welfare, or public safety services; or other ~tctivities directed to bettering or beautifying a community or area or improving its physical, social, economic, or cultural condition. "(c) Projects under this section shall include related supportive services, in- cluding basic education, occupational training, health services, and special counseling, as needed to assist participants to attain the objectives described in subsection (a). "(d) In determining whether, in what amount and on what conditions, to assist projects or parts of projects otherwise eligible under this section, the Director shall consider- "(1) in all cases, the degree to which efforts have been made to provide assurances of regular employment at the earliest feasible time, and the degree to which the project has been developed and realistically structured so as to take account of the desires, needs, and capabilities of participants: "(2) in the case of projects or parts of projects involving activities related to physical improvements, whether the improvements will be substantially used by the low-income persons and families or will contribute substantially to amenities or facilities in areas or neighborhoods having concentrations of low-income persons and families; "(3) in the case of projects or parts of projects involving the develop- ment of entry-level employment opportunities, the extent to which the proposed activities wfll not only benefit those directly participating but will also contribute or give promise of contributing to the broader adoption of new methods of structuring jobs or providing job ladder opportunities, the development and recognition of new types of careers for low-income and disadvantaged persons, or the elimination of artificial barriers in the com- munity to employment and advancement on the part of those persons. "SPECIAL URBAN EMPLOYMENT IMPACT PROGRAMS "SEC. 123. (a) The Director may provide necessary financial assistance, as provided in this section, to meet costs Of developing, planning, and carrying out projects which are designed to assist in meeting some of the critical problems facing urban areas, and to stimulate the fuller and more effective use of the PAGENO="0014" 10 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967. resources which are or can be made available in those areas to permit a sub- stantial increase in employment opportunities for the disadvantaged. "(b) Projects under this section must- "(1) be carried on in an urban area or neighborhood (defined without regard to political or other subdivision boundaries) having especially large concentrations of unemployed, underemployed, or low-income individuals, or be primarily designed to serve the needs of such individuals residing in such areas; "(2) be supported by specific commitments of cooperation on the part of public and private employers in the community, including assurances that, to the maximum extent feasible, permanent employment opportunities have been or Will be developed that are commensurate with the size, scope, schedule, and objectives of the program. "(3) provide for the maximum feasible use of resources under other programs relating to the training of individuals to improve or restore their employability, including commitments *of specific training opportunities under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962; "(4) be appropriately focused to assure that work and training oppor- tunities are extended, so far as possible, to the most severely disadvantaged individuals who can reasonably be expected, given the other services or support available, to benefit from such training; "(5) include or provide for expanded, more intensive, or improved sup- portive services not generally available, including day care for children, transportation, job orientation, health services, and intensive and continuing counseling, both before and after job placement, as necessary to assist participants to develop necessary job attitudes and the capability to secure, hold, and advance in regular competitive employment; "(6) comply with other requirements prescribed by the Director to assure that programs are realistically structured to take account of the desires, needs and capabilities of participants; are directed so far as possible to specific, measurable goals and subject to adequate provisions for continuing local evaluation; are supported by assurances of needed cooperation from all relevant State or local governmental and private agencies; and will otherwise be administered and carried on in an efficient and effective manner. "(c) In addition to necessary costs of developing or planning projects, financial assistance under this section may be used to meet- "(1) costs of initiating or expanding projects or activities which are eligible for financial assistance under other sections of this part; "(2) costs of expanding projects or activities under other programs related to the training of individuals for the purpose of improving or restoring employability; "(3) costs of providing required supportive services not otherwise avail- able; and "(4) such other costs of administering, coordinating, or evaluating proj- ects, including the provision of necessary related equipment or facilities, as may be specifically authorized in regulations of the Director. "COORDINATION "SEC. 124. Programs under this part shall be carried on with appropriate as- sistance from other Federal agencies having related responsibilities and shall be coordinated with other local and cofnmunity programs, including maximum coordination with community action programs. They shall include necessary ar- rangements to best assure that individuals are recruited, referred, and provided with training, work experience, and other assistance in the manner that most accurately reflects each person's capacity to benefit from several programs au- thorized under this title and from other programs availa~1e to him which provide services designed to enhance or restore employability. "PROGRA~ PARTICIPANTS: APPLICATION OF FEDFRAL LAws "Ssc. 125. (a) Participants in programs under this part must be individuals who are permanent residents of the United States. For purposes of determining eligibility for participation in programs under this part, any individual shall be deemed to :be from a low-income family if the family receives cash welfare pay- ments. PAGENO="0015" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 11 "(b) Participants shall not be deemed Federal employees and shall not be su~bject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compen- sation, and Federal employment benefits. "GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PROGRAM APPROVAL "SEc. 126. The Director shall not provide financial assistance for any program under this part unless he determines, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, that- "(1) no participant will be employed on projects involving political par- ties, or the construction, operation, or maintenance of so much of any facility as is used or to be used for sectarian instruction or as a place for religious worship; "(2) the program will not result in the displacement of employed workers or impair existing contracts for services, or result in the substitution of Federal for other funds in connection with work that would otherwise be performed; "(3) the rates of pay for time spent in work-training and education, and other conditions of employment, will be appropriate and reasonable in the light of such factors as the type of work, geographical region, and proficiency of the participant; "(4) the program will, to the maximum extent feasi,ble, contribute to the occupational development or upward mobility of individual participants. "EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF AS5ISTANCE "SEc. 127. (a) The Director shall establish criteria designed to achieve an equitable distribution of assistance under sections 121 and 122 among the States. In developing those criteria, he shall consider, among other relevant factors, the ratios of population, unemployment, and family income levels. "(b) Of the sums appropriated or allocated for any fiscal year for programs authorized under this title, the Director shall reserve not to exceed 25 per centum for the purpose of carrying out section 123; but not more than 121/2 per centum of the funds so reserved for any fiscal year shall be used within any one State. "TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING "SEC. 128. The Director may provide (directly, through contracts or other appropriate arrangements) such technical assistance or training for personnel as he determines is necessary to assist in the initiation or effective operation of programs under this part. He shall, in exercising this authority, give special con- sideration to the problems of rural areas, with a view to simplifying procedures and other technical requirements wherever feasible; developing model programs or projects; assisting rural areas to secure or better use resources under other programs relating to increasing or restoring employability and to combine those with projects or programs under this part; and generally assisting agencies in rural areas to develop and carry on the most effective programs consistent with local conditions. "LIMITATIONS ON FEDERAL ASSISTANOE "SEC. 129. (a) Federal financial assistance to any program or activity carried out pursuant to sections 121, 122, and 123 of this part shall not exceed 90 per centum of the cost of such program or activity, including costs of administration. The Director may, however, approve assistance in excess of that percentage if he determines, pursuant to regulations establishing objective criteria for such deter- minations, that this is necessary in furtherance of the purposes of this part. Non- Federal contributions may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including but not limited to plant, equipment, and services. "(b) In the case of on-the-job training projects with other than public or pri- vate nonprofit organizations, the Director may authorize or enter into agreements to pay reasonable training costs, but not wages paid to participants for services - performed. "(c) The Director shall prescribe regulations to assure that programs under this part are carried on subject to adequate internal controls, accounting require- ments, and rules governing personnel standards and policies as may be necessary or appropriate to promote efficiency and the effective use of funds. PAGENO="0016" 12 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 "(d) Financial assistance under this part shall be extended only to projects which are sponsored by public or private nonprofit agencies. The Director may, however, contract in special cases for the carrying out of projects or parts of projects by other private organizations where be finds such a contract to be justi- fied on the basis of efficiency and economy and otherwise consistent with the pro- visions and purposes of this part. "EVALUATION "SEC. 130. The Director shall provide for the continuing evaluation of the pro- grams under this title, including their effectiveness in achieving stated goals and their impact on other related programs. He may, for this purpose, contract for independent evaluations of those programs or individual projects." COMMUNITY ACTION AMENDMENTS SEC. 103. Title II of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 is amended to read as follows: "TITLE TI-URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "Sno. 201. This title provides for community action agencies and programs, prescribes the structure and describes the functions of community action agencies, and authorizes financial assistance to community action programs and related projects and activities. Its basic purpose is to stimulate a better focusing of all available local, State, private, and Federal resources upon the goal of enabling low-income families, and low-income individuals of all ages, in rural and urban areas, to attain the skills, knowledge, and motivations and secure the opportuni- ties needed for them to become fully self-sufficient. Its specific purposes are t.o promote, as methods of achieving a better focusing of resources on the goal of individual and family self-sufficiency- "(1) the strengthening of community capabilities for planning and co- ordinating Federal, State, and other assistance related to the elimination of poverty, so that this assistance, through the efforts of local officials, orga- nizations, and interested and affected citizens, can be made more responsible to local needs and conditions; "(2) the better organization of a Tange of services related to the needs of the poor, so that these services may be made more effective and efficient in `helping families and individuals to overcome particular problems in a way that takes account of, and supports their progress in overcoming, related problems; "(3) the greater use, subject to adequate evaluation, of new types of services and innovative approaches in attacking causes of poverty, so as to develop increasingly effective methods of employing available resources; "(4) the development and implementation of all programs and projects `designed to `serve the poor or low-income areas with the maximum feasible participation of residents of the areas and members of the groups served, :so as to best stimulate and take full advantage of capabilities for `self- advancement and assure that those programs and projects are otherwise meaningful to and widely utilized by their intended beneficiaries; and "(5) the broadening of the resource base of programs directed to the elimination of poverty, so as to secure, in addition to the `services and assist- ance of public officials, private religious, charitable, and neighborhood orga- nizations, and individual citizens, a more active role for business, labor, and professional groups able to provide employment opportunities or otherwise influence t'he quantity and quality of services of concern to the poor. "PART A-COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS "ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCIES; COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS "SEc. 210. (a) The Director shall encourage communities to establish public or private nonprofit agencies, to be known as community action agencies. A com- munity a'ction agency shall be responsible for, and must be capable of, planning, PAGENO="0017" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 13 coordinating, evaluating, and administering a program, to be known as a com- munity action program. A community action program is a community based and operated program- "(1) ~hich includes or is designed to include a sufficient number of proj- ects or components to provide, in sum, a range of services and activities having a measurable and potentially major impact on causes of poverty in the community or those areas of the community where poverty is a par- ticularly acute problem; "(2) which has been developed, and which organizes and combines its component projects and activities, in a manner appropriate to carry out all the purposes of this title; and "(3) which conforms to such other supplementary criteria as the Director may prescribe consistent with the provisions of this title. "(b) Components of a community action program may he administered by the community action agency, where consistent with sound and efficient management and applicable law, or `by other agencies. They may be projects eligible `for assistance under this title, or projects assisted from other public Or private sources; and they may be either specially designed to meet local needs, or `designed pursuant to the eligibility standards of a `State or Federal program providing assistance to a particular kind of activity which will help in meeting those needs. "(c) The community in which a community action agency is established to carry on a community action program may be a city, county, multicity, multi- county, or other governmental unit, an Indian reservation, or a neghborhood or other area (whether or not its boundaries correspond with those of any political subdivision) ; but it must in any event provide the organizational base and process the commonality of interest needed for an efficient and effective program con- forming to the requirements of this section. "STRUCTURE OF COMMUNITY AOTION AGENCIES "SEC. 211. (a) Each community action agency shall be established and con- structed so as to assure broad, continuing, and effective community participation in all phases of the community action program for which it is responsible, and to assure that the program as developed and implemented is fully responsive to community needs and conditions. Each such agency shall have, for this purpose, a governing board organized to provide for membership of the chief elected of- ficial or officials of the community and other appropriate public officials, or their representatives, of officials or representatives of private groups and agencies en- gaged in providing assistance to the poor, and of appropriate representatives of business, labor, religious, or other major groups and interests in the community. At least one-third of the membership of the board shall be persons chosen in accordance with democratic selection procedures adequate to assure that they are representative of the po'or in the community. All members of the governing board selected to represent specific geographic areas within a community must reside in the areas they represent. Each community action agency shall establish procedures by which community agencies and representative groups of the poor. including but not limited to minority groups, the elderly and (where applicable) rural residents, which feel themselves inadequately represented may petition for the representation they consider appropriate. "(b) The powers of every community action agency governing board shall include the power to appoint persons to senior staff positions, to determine major personnel, fiscal, and program policies, to approve overall program plans and priorities, and to assure compliance with conditions of and approve proposals for financial assistance under this title. "SPECIFIC POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCIES "SEC. 212. (a) In order to carry out its overall responsibility for planning. coordinating, evaluating, and administering a community action program, a community action agency must have authority under its charter or applicable law to receive and administer funds under this title, funds anà contributions from private or local public sources which may be used in support of a com- munity action program, and funds under any Federal or State assistance program pursuant to which a public or private nonprofit agency (as the case may be) organized in accordance with this part could act as grantee, contractor, or spon- 80-084 0-67-pt. 1-2 PAGENO="0018" 14 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 sor of projects appropriate for inclusion in a community action program. A community action agency must also be empowered to transfer funds so received and to delegate powers to other agencies, subject to t.he powers of its governing board and its overall program responsibilities. This power to transfer funds and delegate powers must include the power to make transfers and delegations cov- ering component projects in all cases where this will contribute to efficiency and effectiveness or otherwise further program objectives. "(b) In exercising its powers and carrying out its overall responsibility for a community action program, a community action agency shall have, subject to the purposes of this title, at least the following functions: "(1) Planning systematically for and evaluating the program, including actions to develop information as to the problems and causes of poverty in the community, determine how much and how effectively assistance is being provided to deal with those problems and causes, and establish priorities among projects, activities and areas as needed for the best and most efficient use of resources. "(2) Encouraging agencies engaged in activities related to the community action program to plan for, secure and administer assistance available under this title or from other sources on a common or cooperative basis; providing planning or technical assistance to those agencies; and generally, in cooperation with community agencies and officials. undertaking actions to improve existing efforts to attack poverty, such as improving day-to-day communication, closing service gaps, focusing resources on the most needy. and providing additional opportunities to low-income individuals for regular employment or participation in the programs or activities for w-hich those community agencies and officials are responsible. "(3) Initiating and sponsoring projects responsive to needs of the poor which are not otherwise being met, with particular emphasis on providing central or common services that can be drawn upon by a variety of related programs, developing new approaches or new types of services that can be incorporated into other programs, and filling gaps pending the expansion or modification of those programs. "(4) Establishing effective procedures by which the poor and area resi- dents concerned will be enabled to influence the character of programs affecting their interests, providing for their regular participation in the implementation of those programs, and providing technical and other support needed to enable the poor and neighborhood groups to secure on their own behalf available assistance from public and private sources. "(5) Joining with and encouraging business, labor, and other private groups and organizations to undertake, together with public officials and agencies. activities in support of the community action program which will result in the additional use of private resources and capabilities, with a view to such things as developing new employment opportunities, stimu- lating investment that will have a measurable impact in reducing poverty among residents of areas of concentrated poverty, and providing methods by which residents of those areas can work with private groups, firms, and institutions in seeking solutions to problems of common concern. "STATE AND REGIONAL AGENCIES "SEC. 213. A State or regional agency may be a community action agency for the purpose of programs in a number of rural areas or smaller communities if the Director determines that the agency is structured and capable of operating in a manner consistent with the purposes of this part, including the participa- tion and representation requirements of section 211 (a), and that the operation of a State or regional program in the areas or communities concerned is justified on the basis of efficiency and effectiveness. "ADMINISTRATIVE STANDARDS "SEC. 214. (a) Each community action agency shall observe, and shall (as appropriate) require or encourage other agencies participating in a community action program to observe, standards of organization management and adminis- tration which will assure, so far as reasonably possible, that all program activi- ties are conducted in a manner consistent with the purposes of this title and PAGENO="0019" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 15 the objective of providing assistance effectively, efficiently and free of any taint of partisan political bias or personal or family favoritism. Each community action agency shall establish or adopt rules to carry out this section, which shall include rules to assure full staff accountability in matters governed by law, regulations, or agency policy. Each community action agency shall also provide for reasonable public access to information, including but not limited to public hearings at the request of appropriate community groups and reason- able public access to books and records of the agency or other agencies engaged in program activities or operations involving the use of authority or funds for which it is responsible. And each community action agency shall adopt for itself and other agencies using funds or exercising authority for which it is responsible rules designed to establish specific standards governing salaries, salary increases, travel and per diem allowances, and other employee benefits; to assure that only persons capable of discharging their duties with competence and integrity are employed and that employees are promoted or advanced under impartial procedures calculated to improve agency performance and effective- ness; to guard against personal or financial conflicts of interests; and to define employee duties of advocacy on behalf of the poor in an appropriate manner which will in any case preclude employees from participating, in connection with the performance of their duties, in any form of picketing, protest, or other direct action which is in violation of law. "(b) The Director shall prescribe rules or regulations to supplement sub- section (a), which shill include regulations governing matters relating to parti- san political activities and elections referred to in section 603(b) of this Act, and which shall be binding on all agencies carrying on community action program activities with financial assistance under this title. He may, where appropriate, establish special or simplified requirements for smaller agencies or agencies operating in rural areas. These special requirements shall not, however, affect the applicability of rules governing conflicts of interest, use of position or author- ity for partisan political purposes or participation in direct action, regardless of customary practices or rules among agencies in the community. The Director shall consult with the heads of other Federal agencies responsible for programs providing assistance to activities which may be included in community action programs for the purpose of securing maximum consistency between rules or regulations prescribed or followed by those agencies and those prescribed under this section. "EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS "SEC. 215. (a) In determining whether, in which amount, and on what condi- tions, to extend financial assistance to a new community action program, the Director shall consider evidence of the extent of poverty in the community and the probable capacity of the agency to undertake an efficient and effective program in full conformity to the purposes of this title. In renewing or sup- plementing that financial assistance, be shall consider the progress made in carrying on such a program, consistent with needs and with due allowance for the special problems of rural and smaller communities, and the efficiency with which the agency has discharged its specific functions and duties to this end. The Director shall prescribe standards for evaluation of overall effectiveness and specific agency operations in accordance with this subsection. In developing those standards he shall consider, but not be limited to, the use of criteria cov- ering: the number and incomes of persons or families served and seeking to be served and the length of their participation; the extent to which those per- sons and families have been aided in establishing specific goals and have in fact attained those goals; the extent to which resources have been committed which are over and above the contributions required by this title; the d~egree to which full use has been made of sources of financial assistance other than this title; the degree to which agencies, groups, and organizations, including the poor and area representatives, have actively participated in the formulation and implementation of the program in question; the extent and effectiveness of followthrough arrangements among agencies operating different components and related agencies in the community; and the extent to which activities or ap- proaches initiated as part of the program have been incorporated in other ongoing programs in the comiflunity. PAGENO="0020" 16 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 "(h) In addition to evaluations undertaken directly by him or by community action agencies, the Director may provide for, or require community action agencies to provide for, independent evaluations. Where appropriate, he may also require a community action agency to establish an independent group or committee to provide evaluation and advisory services on either a short-term or continuing basis. "PART B-FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO COMMUNITY ACTION PRoGa~Ms AND RELATED ATnvITIE5 "DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS "Sno. 220. The Director may provide financial assistance to community action agencies to assist them in developing community action programs in accordance with this title. He may also provide financial assistance to other public or pri- vate nonprofit agencies to aid them in planning for the establishment of a com- munity action agency or participation in a community action program, includ- ing assistance to local governments in connection with planning activities and organizational changes to support or improve the effectiveness of such pro- grams. "GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS "SEC. 221. (a) In order `to aid in the implementation of community action programs, the Director may provide general financial assistance to those pro- grams in accordance with the provisions of this section. This assistance may be used, as approved by the Director, by community action agencies in order to enable them to carry out their planning, coordination, evaluation, and overall administration responsibilities as described in Part A of this title. It may also be used for the development and operation of approved program components which are necessary for a fully effective program and for which assistance is, not available, as needed, from other sources. These component projects may involve, without limitation, activities providing services, together with necessary related facilities, designed to assist families and indivduals to secure and retain meaningful employment; to make better use of available income in connection with efforts for self-advancement; to attain basic educational skills needed for employment, family self-help, or successful participation in school; to better secure, use, and maintain housing required for a suitable living environment; to undertake family planning consistent with personal and family goals, religious and moral convictions; and to make more frequent and effective use of pro- grams available to help in overcoming specific problems. Components providing these or other services may be focused upon the needs of specific low-income groups, such as the very young, youth, `the elderly, the unemployed, and persons receiving public assistance, but Ehall wherever feasible be structured so as to foster family participation and progress. "(b) The Director may provide financial assistance to a public or private nonprofit agency other than a community action agency for activities of the kind described in subsection (a) where he determines, after receiving and considering comments of the community action agency, if any, that there is good cause for the granting of such assistance and that such action would be in furtherance of the policies applicable to this title. "(c) The Director shall prescribe necessary rules or regulations governing applications for assistance under this section to assure that every reasonable effort is made by each applicant to secure the views of local public officials and agencies in the community having a direct or substantial interest in the applica- tion and to resolve all issues of cooperation and possible duplication prior to its submission. "SPECIAL PROGRAMS AND ASSISTANCE "SEC. 222. (a) In order to stimulate actions to meet or deal with particularly critical needs or problems of the poor which are common to a number of com- munities, the Director may develop and carry on special programs under this section. This authority shall be used only where the Director determines that the objectives sought could not be effectively achieved through the use of authorities under sections 220 and 221, including assistance to components or PAGENO="0021" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 17 projects based on models developed and promulgated by him. It shall also be used only with respect to programs which (1) involve activities which can be incorporated into or be closely coordinated with community action pro- grams, (2) involve significant new combinations of resources or new and inno- / vative approaches, and (3) are structured in a way that will, within the limits of the type of assistance or activities contemplated, most fully and effectively promote the purposes of this title. Subject to such conditions as may be appro- priate to assure effective and efficient administration, the Director may provide financial assistance to public or private nonprofit agencies to carry on local projects initiated under such special programs; but he shall do so in a manner that will encourage, wherever feasible, the inclusion of the assisted projects in community action programs, with a view to minimizing possible duplica- tion and promoting efficiencies in the use of common facilities and services, better assisting persons or families having a variety of needs, and otherwise securing from the funds committed the greatest possible impact in promoting family and individual self-sufficiency. Programs under this section shall include those described in the following paragraphs: "(1) A program to be known as `Project Headstart' focused upon children who have not reached the age of compulsory school attendance which will provide such comprehensive health, nutritional, educational, social, and other services, as the Director finds will aid the children to attain their full potential, together with appropriate activities to encourage the paricipation of parents of such children and permit the effective use of parent services. "(2) A `legal services program' to provide legal advice and legal repre- sentation to persons `wihen they are unable to afford the services of a private attorney, together with legal research and information, as appropriate to mobilize the assistance of lawyers or legal institutions, or combinations thereof, in furtherance of the cause of justice among persons living in pov- erty. Projects involving legal advice and representation shall be carried on in a way that assures maintenance of a lawyer-client relationship consistent with the best standards of the legal profession. The Director shall establish procedures to assure that the principal local bar associations in the area to be served by any proposed project for legal advice and representation are afforded an adequate opportunity to submit comments and recommendations on the proposal before lit is approved or funded. "(3) A `comprehensive health services program' to aid in developing and carrying out comprehensive health services projects focused upon the needs of urban and rural areas having high concentrations of poverty and a marked inadequacy of health services for the poor. These projects shall be designed- "(A) to make possible, with maximum feasible use of existing agen- cies and resources the provision of comprehensive health services, in- cluding but not limited to preventive medical, diagnostic, treatment, rehabilitation, mental health, dental, and follow-up services, together with necessary related facilities and services; and "(B) to assure that these services are made readily accessible to the residents of such areas, are furnished in a manner most responsive to their needs and with their participation and wherever possible are corn- *bined with, or included within, arrangements for providing employment, education, social, or other assistance needed by the families and in- dividuals served. Funds for financial assistance under this paragraph shall be allotted accord- ing to need, and capacity of applicants to make rapid and effective use of that assistance, and may be used, as necessary to pay the full costs of proj- ects. Before approving any project, the Director shall consult with appro- priate Federal, State, and local health agencies and take such steps as may *be required to assure that the program will be carried on under competent professional supervision and that existing agencies providing related services are furnished all assistance needed to permit them to plan for participation in the program and for the necessary continuation of those related services. "(4) A program to be known as `Upward Bound' designed to generate skills and `motivation necessary for success in education beyond high school among young people from low-income backgrounds and inadequate secondary school preparation. Projects must include arrangements to assure cooperation among one or more institutions of higher education and one or more second- ary schools. They must include a curriculum designed to develop the critical PAGENO="0022" 18 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 thinking, effective expression and attitudes toward learning needed for post- secondary education success, necessary health services and such recreational and cultural and group activities as the Director determines may be appropriate. "(b) In developing programs under subsection (a), the Director shall give priority to programs involving services or activities whose effectiveness has been tested in one or more community action programs, or in connection with other Federal, State, or local programs, public or private. The Director shall also co- operate with Federal and State agencies with a view to developing, pursuant to subsection (a), programs which will supplement or improve program's for which *those agencies are responsible. Where appropriate, he shall provide for the operation of programs under subsection (a) by other Federal or State agencies, pursuant to delegations of authority or suitable agreements. "(c) Programs under subsection (a) may include essential training, research, and technical assistance directly related to program development and imple- mentation, and funds allocated for this purpose may be allotted and used in the manner otherwise provided under this title with respect to training, research, and technical assistance activities. "(d) The Director shall provide for the continuing evaluation of the effective- ness of all programs under this section, including their impact in terms of the needs or problems at which they are directed, and their relationship to and effect upon related programs. For this purpose, he shall consult with other Federal agencies, or where appropriate with State agencies, in order to provide wherever feasible for jointly sponsored objective evaluation studies on a National or State basis. The reports of such studies, together with the comments of the Director and other agencies, if any, thereon, shall be public records and shall be reflected in the annual report of the Director. "ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS; LIMITATIONS ON ASSISTANCE "SEC. 223. (a) Of the sums which are appropriated or allocated for assistance in the development and implementation of community action programs pursuant to sections 220 and 221, and for special program projects referred to in section 222 (a), and which are not subject to any other provision governing allotment or distribution, the Director shall allot not more than 2 per centum among Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands, according to their respective needs. He shall also reserve not more than 20 per centum of those sums for allotment in accordance with such criteria and procedures as he may prescribe. The remainder shall be allotted among the States, in accordance with the latest available data, so that equal proportions are distributed on the basis of (1) the relative number of public assistance recipients in each State as compared to ali States, (2) the average number of unemployed persons in each State as compared to all States, and (3) the relative number of related children living with families with incomes of less than $1,000 in each State as compared to all States. That part of any State's allotment which the Director determines will not be needed may be reallotted, at such dates during the fiscal year as the Director may fix, in proportion to the original allotments, but with appropriate adjustments to assure that any amount so made available to any State in excess of its needs is similarly re- allotted among the other States. "(b) The Director may provide for the separate allotment of funds for any special program referred to in section 222(a). This allotment may be made in accordance with the criteria prescribed in subsection (a), or it may be made in accordance with other criteria which he determines will assure an equitable distribution of funds reflecting the relative incidence in each State of the needs or problems at which the program is directed, except that in no event may more than 12~ per centum of the funds for any one program be used in any one State. "(c) Unless otherwise provided in this part, financial assistance extended to a community action agency or other agency pursuant to sections 220, 221, and 222(a), for the period ending June 30, 1967, shall not exceed 90 per centum of the approved cost of the assisted programs or activities, and thereafter shall not exceed 80 per centum of such costs. The Director may, however, approve assist- ance in excess of such percentages if he determines, in accordance with regula- tions establishing objective criteria, that such action is required in furtherance of the purposes of this title. Non-Federal contributions may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including but not limited to plant, equipment, or services. PAGENO="0023" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 19 "(d) No program shall be approved for assistance under sections 220, 221, and 222(a) unless the Director satisfies himself (1) that the services to be provided under such program will be in addition to, and not in substitution for, services previously provided without Federal assistance, and (2) that funds or other re- sources devoted to programs designed to meet the needs of the poor within the community will not be diminished in order to provide any contributions required under subsection (c) or otherwise qualify for assistance under this part. The requirement imposed by the preceding sentence shall be subject to such regula- tions as the Director may adopt and promulgate establishing objective criteria for determinations covering situations where a strict application of that require- ment would result in unnecessary hardship or otherwise be inconsistent with the purposes sought to be achieved. "PART C-SUPPLEMENrAL PROGRAMS AND ACTIvITIEs "TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING "SEC. 230. The Director may provide, directly or through grants or other ar- rangements, (1) technical assistance to communities in developing, conducting, and administering programs under this title, and (2) training for specialized or other personnel which is needed in connection with those programs or which otherwise pertains to the purposes of this title. Upon request of an agency re- ceiving financial assistance under this title, the Director may make special as- signments of personnel to the agency to assist and advise it in the performance of functions related to the assisted activity; but no such special assignment shall be for a period of more than two years in the case of any agency. - "STATE AGENCY ASSISTANCE "SEC. 231. (a) The Director may provide financial assistance to State agencies designated in accordance with State law, to enable those agencies- "(1) to provide technical assistance to communities and local agencies in developing and carrying out programs under this title; "(2) to assist in coordinating State activities related to this title; "(3) to advise and assist the Director in developing procedures and pro- grams to promote the participation of States and State agencies in programs. under this title; and "(4) to advise and assist the Director, the Economic Opportunity Council established by section 631 of the Act, and the heads of other Federal agencies, in identifying problems posed by Federal statutory or administrative re- quirements that operate to impede State level coordination of programs related to this title, and in developing methods or recommendations for overcoming those problems. "(b) In any grants or contracts with State agencies, the Director shall give preference to programs or activities which are administered or coordinated by the agencies designated pursuant to subsection (a), or which have been developed and will be carried on with the assistance of those agencies. "RESEARCH AND PILOT PROGRAMS "SEC. 232. (a) The Director may contract or provide financial assistance for pilot or demonstration projects conducted by public or private agencies which are designed to test or assist in the development of new approaches or methods that will aid in overcoming special problems or otherwise in furthering the purposes of this title. He may also contract or provide financial assistance for research pertaining to the purposes of this title. "(b) The Director shall establish an overall plan to govern the approval of pilot or demonstration projects and the use of all research authority under this title. The plan shall set forth specific objectives to be achieved and priorities among such objectives. In formulating the plan, the Director shall consult with other Federal agencies for the purpose of minimizing duplication among similar ac- tivities or projects and determining whether the findings resulting from any research or pilot projects may be incorporated into one or more programs for which those agencies are responsible. As part of the annual report required by section 608, or in a separate annual report, the Director shall submit a descrip- tion for each fiscal year of the current plan required by this section, of activities PAGENO="0024" 20 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMEbTDMENTS OF 1967 subject to the plan, and of the findings derived from those activities, together with a statement indicating the time and, to the extent feasible, the manner in which the benefits of those activities and findings are expected to be realized. "(c) Not more than 10 per centum of the sums appropriated or allocated in any fiscal year for this title shall be used for the purposes of subsection (a). "PART P-GENERAL AND TECHNICAL PROVISIONS "RURAL AREAS "Ssc. 240. (a) In exercising authority under this title, the Director shall take necessary steps to further the extension of benefits to residents of rural areas, consistent with the extent and severity of poverty among rural residents, and to encourage high levels of managerial and technical competence in programs un- dertaken in rural areas. These steps shall include, to the maximum extent prac- ticable, (1) the development under section 222(a) of programs particularly responsive to special needs of rural areas; (2) the establishment, pursuant to section 232 (a), of a program of research and pilot project activities specifically focused upon the problems of rural poverty; (3) the provision of technical as- sistance so as to afford a priority to agencies in rural communities and to aid those agencies, through such arrangements as may be appropriate, in securing assistance under Federal programs which are related to this title but which are not generally utilized in rural areas; and (4) the development of special or sim- plified procedures, forms, guidelines, model components, and model programs for use in rural areas. "(b) In order to further implement the policy described in subsection (a), the Director shall establish criteria designed to achieve an equitable distribution of assistance under this title within the States between urban and rural areas. In developing those criteria, he shall consider the relative numbers in the States or areas therein of (1) low-income families, particularly those with children; (2) unemployed persons; (3) persons receiving cash or other assistance on a needs basis from public agencies or private organizations; (4) school dropouts; (5) adults with less than an eighth-grade education; and (6) persons rejected for military service. "(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the Director is au- thorized to provide financial assistance in rural areas to public or private non- profit agencies for any project for which assistance to community action agen- cies is authorized, if he determines that it is not feasible to establish a com- munity action agency within a reasonable period of time. The assistance so granted shall be subject to such conditions as the Director deems appropriate to promote adherence to the purposes of this title and the early establishment of a community action agency in the area. "(d) The Director shall encourage the development of programs for the interchange of personnel, for the undertaking of common or related projecth, and other methods of cooperation between urban and rural communities, with particular emphasis on fostering cooperation in situations where it may con- tribute to new employment opportunities, and between larger urban communities with concentrations of low-income persons and families and rural areas in which substantial numbers of those persons and families have recently resided. "COORDINATION-FEDERAL AqEN0IE5; USE OF STATE FUNDS "SEC. 241. (a) The heads of all Federal agencies shall cooperate with the Director in carrying out his responsibilities under this title and shall, to the extent permitted by law, exercise their powers so as to encourage implementation of the purposes of this title with respect to all programs appropriate for inclusion in community action programs. The Director may call upon other Federal agencies from advice, information, or assistance, including the establishment of working groups of Federal personnel, in dealing with specific problems of coordination arising under programs authorized in this title. Cooperative actions or undertakings initiated pursuant to this subsection may include evaluation of local programs on a common or joint basis, and actions to assist particular communities in overcoming problems arising out of diverse Federal requirements, or in developing long-range plans where justified by prior progress. "(b) Pursuant to regulations prescribed by the President. where funds are advanced for a single project by more -than one Federal agency to a community action agency or other agency assisted under this title, any one Federal agency PAGENO="0025" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 21 may be designated to act for all in administering the funds advanced. In such cases, a single local share requirement may be established according to the pro- portion of funds advanced by each agency, and any such agency may waive any technical grant or contract requirement (as defined by such regulations) which is inconsistent with the similar requirements of the administering agency or w-hich the administering agency does not impose. "(c) In order to promote coordination in the use of funds under this Act and funds provided or granted by State agencies, the Director may enter into agree- ments with States or State agencies pursuant to which they will act as agents of the United States for purposes of providing financial assistance to community action agencies or other local agencies in connection with specific projects or programs involving the common or joint use of State funds and funds under this title. "STJBMISSION OF PLANS TO GOVERNORS "SEC. 242. In carrying out the provisions of this title, no contract, agreement, grant, loan, or other assistance shall be made with, or provided to, any State or local public agency or any private institution or organization for the purpose of carrying out any program, project, or other activity within a State unless a plan setting forth such proposed contract, agreement, grant, loan, or other assist- ance has been submitted to the Governor of the State, and such plan has not been disapproved by the Governor within thirty days of such submission, or, if so disapproved, has been reconsidered by the Director and found by him to be fully consistent with the provisions and in furtherance of the purposes of this part. This section shall not, however, apply to contracts, agreements, grants, loans, or other assistance to any institution of higher education in existence on the date of the approval of this Act. "FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY AND AUDIT "SEC. 243. (a) No funds shall be released to any agency receiving financial as- sistance under this title until it has submitted to the Director a statement certify- ing that the assisted agency and its delegate agencies (or subcontractors for per- formance of any major portion of the assisted program) have established an ac- counting system with internal controls adequate to safeguard their assets, check the accuracy and reliability of the accounting data, promote operating efficiency and encourage compliance with prescribed management policies and such addi- tional fiscal responsibility and accounting requirements as the Director may es- tablish. The statement may be furnished by a certified public accountant, a duly licensed public accountant or, in the case of a public agency, the appropriate public financial officer who accepts responsibility for providing required financial services to that agency. "(b) Within three months after the effective date of a grant to or contract of assistance with an organization or agency, the Director shall make or cause to be made a preliminary audit survey to review an devaluate the adequacy of the accounting system and internal controls established thereunder to meet the standards set forth in the statement referred to in paragraph (a). Promptly after the completion of the survey, the Director shall determine on the basis of findings and conclusions resulting from the survey whether the accounting sys- tems and internal controls meet those standards and, if not, whether to suspend the grant or contract. In the event of suspension, the assisted agency shall be given not more than six months within which to establish the necessary systems and controls, and, in the event of failure to do so within such time period, the assistance shall be terminated by the Director. "(c) At least once annually the Director shall make or cause to be made an audit of each grant or contract of assistance under this title. Promptly after the completion of such audit, he shall determine on the basis of resulting findings and conclusions whether any of the costs of expenditures incurred shall be disallowed. In the event of disallowance, the Director may seek recovery of the sums in- volved by appropriate means, including court action or a commensurate in- crease in the required non-Federal share of the costs of any grant or contract with the same agency or organization which is then in effect or which is entered into within twelve months after the date of disallowance. "(d) The Director shall establish such other requirements and take such actions as he may deem necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of this section and to insure fiscal responsibility and accountability, and the effective and efficient handling of funds in connection with programs assisted PAGENO="0026" 22 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 under this title. These requirements and actions shall include (1) necessary action to assure that the rate of expenditure of any agency receiving financial assistance does not exceed the rate contemplated under its approved program; and (2) appropriate requirements to promote the continuity and coordination of all projects or components of community action programs receiving financial assistance under this title, including provision for the periodic reprograming and supplementation of assistance previously provided. "SPECIAL LIMITATIONS "SEc. 244. The following special limitations shall apply, as indicated, to pro- grams under this title. "(1) Financial assistance under this title may include funds to provide a reasonable allowance for attendance at meetings of any community action agency governing board, neighborhood council or committee, as appropriate to assure and encourage the maximum feasible participation of members of groups and residents of areas served in accordance with the purposes of this title, and to provide reimbursement of actual expenses connected with those meetings; but those funds (or matching non-Federal funds) may not be used to pay allowances in the case of any individual who is a Federal, State, or local government employee, or an employee of a community action agency, or for payment of an allowance to any individual for attendance at more than two meetings a month. "(2) The Director shall issue necessary rules or regulations to assure that no employee engaged in carrying out community action program activities receiving financial assistance under this title is compensated from funds so provided at a rate in excess of $15,000 per annum, and that any amount paid to such an employee at a rate in excess of $15,000 per annum shall not be considered in determining whether the non-Federal contributions require- ments of section 223 have been complied with; the Director may, however, provide in those rules or regulations for exceptions covering cases where, because of the need for specialized or professional skills or prevailing local wage levels, application of the foregoing restriction would greatly impair program effectiveness or otherwise be inconsistent with the purposes sought to be achieved. "(3) No officer or employee of the Office of Economic Opportunity shall serve as member of a board, council, or committee of any agency serving as grantee, contractor, or delegate agency in connection with a program receiv- ing financial assistance under this title; but this shall not prohibit an officer or employee from serving on a board, council, or committee which does not have any authority or powers in connection with a program assisted under this title. "(4) In granting financial assistance for projects or activities in the field of family planning, the Director shall assure that family planning services, including the dissemination of family planning information and medical assistance and supplies, are made available to all low-income individuals who meet the criteria for eligibility for assistance under this part which have been established by the assisted agency and who desire such information, assistance, or supplies. The Director shall require, in connection with any such financial assistance, that- "(A) no individual will be provhjed with any information, medical supervision, or supplies which that individual indicates is inconsistent with his or her moral, philosophical, or religious beliefs; and "(B) no individual will be provided with any medical supervision or supplies unless he or she has voluntarily requested such medical super- vision or supplies. The. use of family planning services assisted under this title shall not be a prerequisite to the receipt of services from or participation in any other programs under this Act. "(5) No financial assistance shall be extended under this title to provide general aid to elementary or secondary education in any school or school~ system; but this shall not prohibit the provision of special, remedial, and other noncurricular assistance. "(6) In extending assistance under this title the Director shall give special consideration to programs which make maximum use . of existing schools, community centers, settlement houses, and other facilities during times they are not in use for their primary purpose. PAGENO="0027" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 23 "DURATION OF PROGRAM "SEC. 245. The Director shall carry out the programs provided for in this part during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, and the three succeeding fiscal years. For each such fiscal year only such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may authorize by law." AMENDMENTS TO TITLE Ill-RURAL AREAS PROGRAMS SEC. 104. (a) Title III of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 is amended by (1) inserting immediately under the title heading a new part heading to read "PART A-RURAL LOAN PROGRAM", and (2) striking out the heading th~mediately before section 302 and inserting in lieu thereof a new heading to read "LOANS TO FAMILIES". (b) Section 301 of Such Act is amended to read as follows: "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "SEC. 301. It is the purpose of this part to meet some of the special needs of low-income rural families by establishing a program of loans to assist in raising and maintaing their income and living standards." (c) Section 302(a) of such Act is amended by inserting the word "principal" after the word "aggregate". (d) Section 600 of such Act is transferred from title VI thereof to the end of part A of title III, is redesignated as section 300, and amended by striking out "titles III of this Act" in subsections (a) and (d) and inserting in lieu thereof "this part". (e) Part B of title III of such Act is amended to read as follows: "PART B-ASSISTANCE FOR MIGRANT, AND OTHER SEASONALLY EMPLOYED, FARM- WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "SEC. 311. The purpose of this part is to assist migrant `and seasonal farm- workers and their families to improve their living conditions and develop skills necessary for a productive and self-sufficient life in an increasingly complex and technological society. "FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE "SEC. 312. (a) The Director may provide financial assistance to assist State and local agencies, private nonprofit institutions and cooperatives in developing and carrying out programs to fulfill the purpose of this part. "(b) Programs assisted under this part may include projects or activities- "(1) to meet the immediate needs of migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families, such as day care for children, education, health services, improved housing and sanitation, legal `advice and representation, and con- sumer training and counseling; "(2) to promote increased community acceptance or migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families; and "(3) to equip unskilled migrant and seasonal farmworkers through edu- cation and training to meet the changing demands in agricultural employ- ment brought about by technological advancement and to take advantage of opportunities available to improve their well-being and self-sufficiency by gaining regular or permanent employment or by participating in avail- able Government training programs. "LIMITATIONS ON ASSISTANCE "SEC. 313. (a) Assistance shall not be extended under this part unless the Director determines that the applicant will maintain its prior level of effort in similar activities. "(b) The Director shall establish necessary procedures or requirements to assure that programs under this part are carried on in coordination with other programs or activities providing assistance to the persons and groups served. PAGENO="0028" 24 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967 "TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRAINING, AND EVALTJAT1ON "SEC. 314. (a) The Director may provide directly or through grants, contracts, or other arrangements, such technical assistance or training of personnel as may be required to implement effectively the purposes of this title. "(b) The Director shall provide for necessary evaluation of projects under this title and may, through grants or contracts, secure independent evaluation for this purpose." AMENDMENTS TO TITLE vI-ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION SEC. 105. (a) Section 601 (a) of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 is amended by striking out "four" in the third sentence and inserting in lieu thereof "six,,. (b) Section 609 of such Act is amended to read as follows: "DEFINITIONS "SEc. 609. As used in this Act- "(1) the term `State' means a State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands, and for purposes of title I and part A of title II the meaning of `State' shall also include the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; except that when used in section 223 of this Act this term means only a State or the District of Columbia. The term `United States' when used in a geographical sense includes all those places named in the previous sentence, and all other places continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; "(2) the term `financial assistance' when used in titles, I, II, and 111-B includes assistance advanced by grant, agreement, or contract, but does not include the procurement of plant or equipment, or goods or services; and "(3) the term `permanent resident of the United States' when used in titles I-A and I-B shall include any native and citizen of Cuba who arrived in the United States from Cuba as a nonimmigrant or as a parolee subsequent to January 1, 1959, under the provisions of sections 214(a) or 212(d) (5), respectively, or any person admitted as a conditional entrant under section 203(a) (7), of the Immigration and Nationality Act." (c) Section 610-1(a) of such Act is amended by inserting the words "a sub- stantial number of the" immediately before the word "persons" the second and third time that word appears. (d) Section 616 of such Act is amended to read as follows: "TRANSFER OF FUNDS "SEC. 616. Notwithstanding any limitation on appropriations for any program or activity under this Act or any Act authorizing appropriations for such pro- gram or activity, not to exceed 10 per centum of the amount appropriated or allocated from any appropriation for the purpose of enabling the Director to carry out any such program or activity under the Act may be transferred and used by the Director for the purpose of carrying out any other such program or activity under the Act; but no such transfer shall result in increasing the amounts otherwise available for any program or activity by more than 10 per centum." (e) Title VI of such Act is amended by- (1) striking out section 60t; (2) striking out the heading "PART B-COORDINATION OF ANTIPOvERTY PROGRAMS" and sections 611, 612, 613, and 614; and (3) inserting at the end thereof a new part B to read as follows: "PART B-COORDINATION "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE * "SEC. 630. This part establishes an Economic Opportunity Council, provides for an information center, and prescribes certain duties and responsibilities. Its purpose is to promote better coordination among all programs related to this Act, with a view to making those programs more effective in reaching and serving the poor, assisting State and local agencies to adapt diverse Federal programs to PAGENO="0029" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 25 varying local problems and conditions, stimulating new and more imaginative ways of combining complementary Federal resources in the solution of specific problems, and generally improving cooperation and communication among all levels of government, agencies, and institutions in matters related to the purposes of this Act. "ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY COUNCIL "SEC. 631. (a) There is established an Economic Opportunity Council. The Council shall include the Director who shall be Chairman, the Attorney General, the Secretaries of Defense, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health, Education, and Welfare, and Housing and Urban Development, the Administra- tor of the Small Business Administration, the Chairman of the Council of Eco- iiomic Advisers, and the Director of Selective Service. The President, in his discretion, may from time to time revise the membership of the Council to take account of changes in functions or otherwise assure representation on the Council that will best promote the purposes of this part. Each member shall designate an alternative to sit in his stead in the event of his unavoidable absence. "(b) It shall be the responsibility of the Council to consult with and advise the President and the Director in carrying out their functions, including the co- ordination of antipoverty efforts by all segments of the government. In doing so, the Council shall- "(1) advise generally on the coordination of Federal programs related to this Act; "(2) review and make recommendations, as appropriate, with respect to major policy issues and questions of basic priorities involving the coordina- tion of programs related to this Act; "(3) initiate, consider, recommend, and, to the extent feasible, arrange for the carrying out of specific actions or projects designed to improve co- ordination among programs related to this Act; and "(4) provide general guidance and advice in connection with the operation of the information center provided for in this part and assist the Director in making the center more effective. "(c) The C~uncil may be provided a staff by the Director. Employees of other executive departments and agencies may `be detailed to the Council from time to time for temporary assistance. "(d) As directed by the President, or from time to time as it deems appropriate, the Council shall report to the President concerning specific actions which it has taken, or proposes to take, in carrying out its responsibilities. To the extent ap- propriate, a report of the Council's activities shall be reflected in the Director's annual report to the President and the Congress or in a separate report to the President for transmittal to the Congress. "RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DIRECTOR "SEC. 632. In addition to his other powers under this Act, and to assist the President in coordinating the antipoverty efforts of all Federal agencies, the Director shall- "(1) undertake special studies of specific coordination problems at the request of the President or the Council, or on his own initiative; and "(2) carry on a continuing evaluation of all activities under this Act, and consult with interested agencies and groups, including State agencies described in section 231 of this Act and the National Advisory Council, with a view to identifying coordination problems may warrant consideration by the Council or the President and, to the extent feasible or appropriate, initiate action for overcoming those problems, either through the Office of Economic Opportunity or in conjunction with other Federal, State, or local agencies. "COOPERATION OF FEDERAL AGENCIES "SEc. 633. (a) Federal agencies administering programs related to this Act shall- "(1) cooperate with the Director and with the Council in carrying out their duties and responsibilities; and "(2) carry out their programs and exercise their functions so as to assist in carrying out the provisions and purposes of this Act, `to the fullest extent permitted by other applicable law. PAGENO="0030" 26 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~TDMENTS OF 1967 "(b) The Council and the Director may call upon Federal agencies to supply statistical data, program reports, and other materials as they deem necessary to discharge their respon~ibili'ties under this Act. "(c) The President may direct that particular programs and functions, includ- ing the expenditure of funds, of Federal agencies shall be carried out, to the extent not inconsistent with other applicable law, in conjunction with or in sup- port of programs authorized under this Act. "COMBINATIONS AMONG PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS "SEC. 634. In order to encourage efficiencies, close unnecessary service gaps, and generally promote more effective administration, the Director shall require, to the fullest extent feasible, that projects or programs assisted under this Act be carried on so as to supplement one another, or where appropriate other related programs or projects, and be included within or otherwise carried on in combina- tion with community action programs. In the case of other programs related to this Act, the heads of the Federal agencies responsible for those programs shall, to the extent permitted by law, similarly provide assistance for projects and activities in a manner which encourages combinations with other related projects and activities, where appropriate, and with community action programs. The Economic Opportunity Council shall, in carrying out its responsibilities under this part, make a continuing review of the operation of this section w-ith a view to (1) determining particular groups of programs which, because of their objec- tives, *or similarities in target groups or areas, are especially appropriate for combined or closely coordinated operation at the State or local level, and making recommendations accordingly to the President or appropriate Federal officials; (2) evaluating Federal agency procedures for carrying out this section, and developing or recommending additional or common procedures, as appropriate; and (3) determining whether, and to what extent, consolidations of Federal pro- grams may. be justified and making recommendations respecting such consolida- tions to the Director and the President. "INFORMATION CENTER "SEC. 635. (a) The Director shall establish and operate an information center for the purpose of insuring that maximum use is made of Federal programs re- lated to this Act and that information concerning those programs and other relevant information is readily available to public officials and other interested persons. The Director shall collect, prepare, analyze, correlate, and distribute information as described above, either free of charge or by sale at cost (any funds so received to be deposited to the Director's account as an offset of that cost), and may make arrangements and pay for any printing and binding without regard to the provisions of any other law or regulations. In connection with operation of the center, the Director may carry on research or studies concern- ing the improvement of information systems in support of the purposes of this Act, the adequacy of existing data, ways in which data generated on the State and local level may be incorporated into Federal information systems, and meth- ods by which data may be made more readily available to State and local officials or used to further coordination objectives. "(b) The Director shall publish and maintain on a current basis, a catalog of Federal programs relating to individual and community improvement. He may also make grants, from funds appropriated to carry out title II of this Act, to States and communities to establish information service centers for the collec- tion, correlation, ~nd distribution of information required to further the purposes of this Act. "(c) In order to assure that all appropriate officials are kept fully informed of programs related to this Act, and that maximum use is made of those pro- grams, the Director shall establish procedures to assure prompt distribution to State and local agencies of all curreta information, including administrative rules, regulations, and guidelines, required by those agencies for the effective performance of their responsibilities. "PROHIBITION "SEC. 636. In order to assure that existing Federal agencies are used to the fullest extent possible in carrying out the purposes of this Act, no funds appro- PAGENO="0031" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 27 pria'ted to carry out this Act shall be used to establish any new department or office when the intended function is being performed by an existing department or office. "SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITIES: TRAINING PROGRAMS "SEC. 637. (a) It shall be the responsibility of the Director, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the heads of all other departments and agencies con'cerlled, acting through such procedures or mechanisms as the President may prescribe, to provide for, and take such steps as may be necessary and appropriate to implement, the effective coordination of all programs and activities within the executive branch of the Government re- lating to the training of individuals for `the purpose of improving or restoring employability. "(b) The Secretary of Labor, pursuant to such agreements as may be necessary or appropriate (which may include arrangements for reimbursement), shall- "(1) be responsible for assuring `that the Federal-State employment serv- ice provides and develops its capacity for providing maximum support for the programs described in subsection (a) ; and "(2) obtain from the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, and the head of any other Federal agency administering a training program, such employment information as will facilitate the placement of individuals being trained. "DEFINITIONS "SEC. 638. As used in this part, `programs related to this Act' and `coordination' shall include the programs and actions described in this section: "(1) `Programs related to this Act' include programs under this Act and all Federal or federally assisted programs which have objectives which are, in whole or substantial part, complementary to the purposes of this Act, or which provide resources which may be used in combination with resources under this Act to assist in achieving any of the purposes of `this Act. "(2) `Coordination' includes, but is not limited to- "(A) actions `to improve the common effectiveness of programs in reaching and serving the poor, such as actions: to extend services to new areas, provide them in a common place, or structure them so that they are more readily accepted or widely utilized; to eliminate procedures or requirements that may be inappropriate for or result in unnecessary hardship to disadvantaged persons with limited education or other special handicaps; to establish common eligibility standards among programs serving substantially similar groups or operating in the same areas; or to develop methods of operation or administration that will provide new employment incentives or opportunities for `the poor; "(B) actions to promote better use at the State or local level of Federal assistance available under diverse programs, such as actions to establish procedures for cooperation among State or local agencies seeking assistance from different Federal sources with a view to elimi- nating unnecessary duplication and service gaps and promoting common or complementray priorities; or to modify or improve technical or administrative requirements imposed by different Federal agencies that may operate to increase unnecessarily the burdens of State or local agencies, minimize their opportunities for the imaginative use of Federal assistance, or discourage their cooperation with one another; "(C) actions to promote simplification and efficiencies through the joint or combined use of Federal resources, such as actions to develop new methods of processing requests for assistance or granting assistance that will enable Federal agencies more generally to use resources jointly in support of common objectives; to establish common priorities for purposes of program planning, research and demonstration activities: and to effect combinations among or redirect Federal programs or ac- tivities for the purpose of eliminating unnecessary duplication; "(D) actions to improve communication and general cooperation, such as actions to strengthen ties among regional offices of different Federal agencies and among such offices and other regional agencies or organiza- tions; to develop and improve procedures by which Federal agencies PAGENO="0032" 28 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967 may act together in promulgating or making available items of informa- tion, including information as to the availability and allocation oi funds, which are closely related to one another for purposes of State cr local planning and budgeting; or to develop procedures by which St'~ te and local agencies may be afforded new opportunities to participate in Federal policy decisions, including decisions on recommended legislation, affect- ing their capacity to operate efficiently and effectively." AMENDMENT TO TITLE VII SEC. 106. (a) Title VII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1904 is amended to read as follows: "TITLE VII-TREATMENT OF INOOME FOR OERTAIN PUBLIC ASSISTANOE PURPOSES "STATEMENT OF PURPOSE "SEC. 701. It is the purpose of this title to provide incentives to welfare recipients to participate in programs under this Act which are designed to enable them to become self-supporting, and to complete such programs and become self-supporting within a reasonable period of time. "STATE PLANS "SEC. 702. Notwithstanding the provisions of titles I, IV, X, XIV, XVI, and XIX of the Social Security Act, a State plan approved under any such title shall include provisions consistent with the rules prescribed or under this title. "DEFINITIONS "SEC. 703. For the purposes of this title- "(a) `Public assistance' shall mean any aid or assistance payable pursuant to a State plan approved under title I, IV, X, XIV, XVI, or XIX of the Social Security Act. "(b) `Trainee' shall mean any person enrolled in any program under title I, II, or Ill-B of this Act or employed in any such program as a resident nonpro- fessional or in any other combined work-and-training capacity. "(c) `Qualifying income' shall mean (1) any amount paid as wages under title I of this Act to a trainee in a program described in paragraph (1) of section 121 of the Act (relating to Neighborhood Youth Oorps programs for youth attend- ing school); (2) any amount paid under this Act as wages, training allowance, or stipend to any other trainee during his first eighteen months as such a trainee; and (3) the net income derived, during the first eighteen months following initial receipt of assistance under title Ill-A of this Act, by any assisted family from the assisted farm or nonagricultural enterprise. "(d) `Poverty line' shall mean an amount of monthly income determined by the Director, representing an approximation of the minimum level of income which is necessary to support a family of given size so that it can live out of poverty. "ATTRIBUTION OF INCOME "SEC. 704. Unless otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the Secre- tary of Health, Education, and Welfare, no payment made under this Act to or on behalf of any trainee shall be regarded as income or resources of any other individual under a State plan approved under title I, IV, X, XIV, XVI, or XIX except to the extent that the payment is made available to or used for the benefit of such other individual. - "AMOUNT OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE "SEC. 705. (a) The amount of public assistance payable for any month to any person having qualifying income shall be the higher of (1) the amount determined under the State plan without regard to this section, or (2) the amount deter- mined under subsection (b). PAGENO="0033" b) TOe ti mount of ~nihIn' a isUt ut 0 II' ~ ayatute br any 110)11111 10 00 P'1'~0hI (0110 00(110)0 000 f~'iti~ 111000(0 ~il0l1 0' 0 00t~11t0P, f'i' 1(i'i'POsI" f ~1l11~o,'t 111, 1' l(j (1' 5 11 (1(, ` ((1. ( idOl''-, 00(011101 1 `-5)11.1 1- `0 0 `1:''' -1' 1 00011 1 11'- S- ` `01 0" 11' li' `~`taI ()`~-~ 10 1~' 1(1' 1,0 1(01 Peon 1100(01 0 `0-1 io~i'e ~: `~o'j11~', fu~ 11'11~"~ 5I"fl('( `0 0.111 (arnhlor t hr qualif liar i:o `am'' Jili' (I1idi11yil1~ l~I0~1(00 ~1" UlO 1(1011111 5Jitiii to' (`OIIVid -(1 1111. rr'eItnye of tiie )((11)(1 lily pverty 1111). (1)) The 0111011111 if pnhlU' a s'Iist a~n'e ~aya ii)' (It 1101 1111)11 1 ``i .11111(0 f' (`P1(1(1 (are) sloth 1(0 he imount IIrrermine(1 undo (-1:~1i5(' tTueoII J1' (lii' peremltagn do("rmjflc(] under claus ) 21 (1', If lit H1~1 an 11 pro iilrs, l)y otolit-ten Lbs of I hat J)010'eflinge, ( 101111i1't' 01 11101111111 -`0'0' 511:111 III' 00' 1 00 l('('01'(i:(i1'e (11 l~ 0' 11111(1. 1 `~ (01 `-`1 00111 11' 11(1 0 00100j110-5 ` `soist anet' f('0 11101101 1')' depinOs 01(1 110111(1(11 *` `(` `;1t(er 111111110 i'-~:'-laiil"-, 5li'-ij (`ltgilitll(: iait 111 dot Cr111111) 11 1' do ``li:ll(Cl' \V(t(́ this 5005011 jflfl, 1 If :(iere thati ~`rl~- iaeialei' (0 a oa mily 0000il'es into lifyi 111.1 i (`((001', 1 In' yhi~ 111(0:11' if -0 1(11(1.1'S (ho family sTall lu :tg~i':'y:'Uoi "1 (101 e1'iii11i- 1' j(('I"'''ittOO- ooU v-oP ti in siihsir'tjon : Ott 2i, The foreiroiiia ``-al ``11''' s1~~ Ii >~°ty ill (`11000 111 (0111111 its (11>1 P11111 1011 (VOUIII tIe 1111'OflOiOt('Ilt 101111 00' (ot' 01. ``5: Vt 00- 0(10010100 * lOtO, 11, `(1 0" 01(01 11(1' 1(1(5 ti'('0('l'ito'd 10 0(11(01 0 i(('0OU1(~ 1't'Oi'i (1'' in HUt t 1', 11 (`0 1' ` ` (0111- 111.1St:) 11(1' 1' 10'11(~ (`OlilJlilt ``1 01 11(1(10 :110'. prli' 010111 0. 1 0111', -t,fl `-tttllIUl' ,~ fl `01(11011(1 1101 I ( 1.1'- 1'1~ii" tiiiil' `1' iIh pI'ioi''O'Fv'' `1- "X~11'(', it' 2 ( 11) ("(llilll('tt's it- IS) it i"il'11tt00 it( 10' 110t'hI('1,1. 1' 111'0l1I'1111( (0 "hii('O 0 ` 10 1 traul(-e, \"tti'-bov(I' ((`1' ill'S ~o( fl~0 Titere'- after, if ho l'('('('iV("- 1(1111 li)11,ti 11111 f','tttg 110'iu(1', i1t~ J'110t1(' OSsiU 11111')' :`ilO H (!ti'i'Iained 111 (1000111:1101 (01 Lii 5~~~(flfl Tn 1 in 00 ( If toy 5(1)1(1 \V1105(' 01:11 i Itt ii 1111(0 S tilt' FlIP I 1'('lIiOlit f tiOll (1 `~f the 1'~' 111111(11' (11 1 `(`1001 ty .\ `t of "111 ut `ff'ei 110011 111 tiii' :1 1i1(1l1i~ ItU'Ilt II1(td(' liv oUtl"O(-t(Ol( 2 1 (t till'- SIt ((11, 11,1 11111(10 to ((`111(01 tlic' 51 it'- is Oilier- (VIsu' (hIltitled tinder till,' 1. IV, lo, 111 V, `~ \J, or 10111 (If do' Ho'i:tt Olet'urit\ ``1 "halt lie `vitItItold prior Ii .J:t11u:lry 1, II)0~. a~ 1 re-ult P s1l,-~1 attll'nthlio'tlt : ill "Ii:dt fUfl'1 5 111,10(11 111(11 1'1~'1i' :10,; 0 S00'~ I 11 ri'as(lul 0 (110' ,ti11 tal(1'Ii I 111' SluhIlt to 11 01111' "i:i tO" `101-i ;l('i-VerIIs tilt' Stat' friit: (`11)11 1,10(110 11th lii' i''- 1 lilt"'flhen ` 1)1' `1111 1( 1n1~' `111(1.' .111111 (II'' 001' 10'; `If (It'- ~ tot-tO 11:':' itt :: fte" 11:-' Stat t11'('-i.o till hi' a0-,l~lo,- , lo \`~~ tll,' ~`f~'~( (~0' late if flit- fit. (`1:11 1110001.1 `111 0 1t)~, `1(11'' `(]T( It 1111' Ei'(l11~1In Ii' 1~ p `t't 111111 y ~\ `1 1 `f 111111 is altle:ld°1 t `1 `al, to toliiiw's - ``TITLE VIII U) 1hlEHTTi' 00 -It 1"'l'hllOif SLRV'''If i'1i111111'i\jfT - " ``II' `;o I-lOS 0 Stat', hit .1(1 0(11-1110 - `-111 `(`1.--- `110. (-0 1 fi:' a lirlo:': 00 0 tnt h-ti 01" V('iPfl("(' `-(`0011" `-`.1' 1'' "``1 - -: : " tI: - : - `r ``"1 `1(11110 - ((``Ii lutI tIll ""tIe. 1(101 v11 0111 1 10 111011 ~. `-, 11° ``1 - 1 -`1-1 -` .0.:. : o11'(l.'.':' " - - .0-. ` 11(10 ("0 111 stt1110h10,n :1 "` 010;( --11-'' -- .`00i~':t: ````I'll y'-'_:-e':'_t~~ -0 110 (`1_Il 1111111 l'' ````1(11) 1':' n : - (1 ~`-a (I: - i' if'- ((`Ill .11 11 (`1)1'' li~o1, (0 ``1(1011111 `ldi'ri i'etir"lI .\ IL'r('-a 1': 1-' `- -"`n 0' 01 `(dlii `(11(1 `-1 -I( `-1007 1' `: It'' Ii' Vi')" )1~'1"i ill 1St I't't(tll0 `0 - lil'I't-t"O:' iI'Ildl'li l~ I : (nil' (10110" 111' iota `0 -y l'mItPtltitll't:'o, (11(1 full'iinu'vo11itip'-t', "lt'ootar it( "U1':1(:~,l'0:ts `111(1 ttl'lSlI( ("01) ltltllilt es, ui Tttiht-: i'i'0('I'V;Itl(l1(5, (tIIl(l110 111100:1111 \V('i'OOI", (11 liii (`01111 (`eIlfl'ri', (111(1 111 ((tIler atfelh('i('s, 111111t1111ll115. (111(1 SiIUtttO)1)'I (01111" 11(0 (1J00l1('atioIh if 1111111(111 1(110111 111(1 (1('IlI('(itinit 1)11(0 11(111 till 1h111 (i~ `1001" 11(11 (11' ii:h~oti,':ti's i~f i'ovetlv :111(1 1(1 0(11)11' (111(1 exi(tlltt ppI'ttinit(ts fiit' Selt'-mIl'albn'lIlenl 50 024 ()-07------pt. i- PAGENO="0034" * MU) 1 *i'h1~ *n r ` i(; fnfl-titne hntt'tn' pr n': ~. .n V - V (`it'., ``I' i1'~ :~ it' ( (1! ` ` ` -. ti i-N. dais -If I lie tit-'l elI 1'' lii.( ,\ni)~l't(';i Ii llnlitn; (it' ` Ni' t-P( V lshilid-( Pt' ```ii'' t' `` (iInl('I' let, I lI("fl ` " 1 it; iIt"ir *`iN - (. `I ``~ ¶ -)i(((y(-i `` itI' lilt! `( `hIlt (It 1 `1 nt _n I'.'' it' npeet;iI -n sei'vc'tl by II' pit (i'ili I at' 1 r In It V I NNV Nt :1 he `t ((Nitil Pt- "I ~- $ i'. "Site. I-li, it ~`ln'eV `I fl. p~rstl;' 1 `n `Intl iNN~i I `(`1 `-` J"'~ live ` i'i~I(t~ `fit' a In `I- i)l' (`1 `t ( x"p ant a ` : . V MI 1 their term `I i('~'~','~ *~` I -`. (((`1'- 1 ``c-' ~ 11 (t~ a `cs t'ej 1 1 ,~ 1, ` (~V1' 1' lint I PP n .` V')I nint'IIn' e :n II" ` . : 1 ` * to that anti; V p ~.. t - ` `Vt I ar - ``a ` V ~-` ` sl;illV, Via I V ~-t ((I n- - tra\''l IN and I ``on I in' `~: ` * `` SUPIi1I('". ~ `ante `-`n! t-t P . ` ` * snipport, n~ it' may ,te,nlt* fl i i. 1.''t ``(it) at im't'htUS : iNtl `c' a'- `($$-*`ii. -- ext'ept t ha I I `Xl (` (((ri (fl . - ~,n-~I fl'-' - idvant e :n-~ "iii V i(t'fl' - - -- r't ; in lilt' I'\ `1(1 `1 `I -1 n - -` - `I hx'mnl `P a! is-' IttOt as - . - -, ` - of ~nrrmNI ::, I Lit a ` ~- * - -- - it-i `IN' `(`It `U' H' - ` -- (i ii'-t' ii ~t .: . `((fl( `fir -- ( ¶ N, ``~ - slcil'is OH! *, It"'t'''' ( `nIt - - N I `` - in lii' 11:1 (((ti I In I `:`- --`i - - the iieipiiti, Itr*f'~(1(1t5 I - . - - .~ I `I-- - - - -NI PAGENO="0035" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 31 "PART B-AUXILIARY AND SPECIAL VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS "COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS "SEC. 820. (a) The Director shall develop programs designed to expand oppor- tunities for persons to participate in a direct and personal way, on a part-time basis or for shorter periods of service than is required for enrollment under sec- tion 810, and in their home or nearby communities, in volunteer activties con- tributing to the elimination of poverty. Pursuant to appropriate plans, agree- ments, or arrangements the Director may provide financial, technical or other assistance needed to carry on projects that are undertaken in connection with these programs. These projects may include, without limitation, activties de- signed (1) to encourage greater numbers of persons to participate, as volunteers, in local programs and projects assisted under this Act, with particular emphasis upon programs designed to aid youth or promote child development; (2) to encourage persons with needed managerial, professional, or technical skills to contribute those skills to programs for the development or betterment of neigh- borhoods or areas having especially large concentrations of the poor, with particular emphasis upon helping residents of those neighborhoods or areas to develop the competence necessary to take advantage of public and private re- sources which would not otherwise be available or used for those programs; and (3) to assist existing national and local agencies relying upon or in need of volunteers to obtain volunteer services more readily, or to provide specialized short-term training, with particular emphasis on agencies serving the most seriously disadvantaged, operating in areas of the most concentrated poverty, or having similar critical needs. "(b) Persons serving as volunteers under this section shall receive no living allowance or stipend and only such other support or allowances as the Director determines, pursuant to regulations, are required because of unusual or special circumstances affecting the project. "(c) The services of any person, if otherwise allowable as a non-Federal con- tribution toward the cost of any program or project assisted under this or any other Federal Act, shall not be disallowed merely by reason of actions of the Director under this section in providing for or assisting in the recruitment, referral, or preservice training of such person. "SPECIAL VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS "SEC. 821. The Director is authorized to conduct, or provide by grant or contract for, special volunteer programs designed to stimulate and initiate improved methods of providing volunteer services and to encourage wider volunteer par- ticipation, in furtherance of the purposes of this title. Not to exceed 10 per centum of the sums appropriated or allocated from any appropriation to carry out this title for any fiscal year may be used for programs under this section. "PART C-GENERAL PROVISIONS "COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS "SEC. 831. The Director shall take necessary steps to coordinate volunteer programs authorized under this title with one another, with community action programs, and with other related Federal, State, local, and national programs. These steps shall include, to the extent feasible, actions to promote service by volunteers or former volunteers in the full-time programs authorized under part A in providing necessary support to programs under part B, and actions to en- courage persons serving as part-time or short-term volunteers to make commit- ments under part A as regular or~ associate full-time volunteers. The Director shall also consult with the heads of other Federal, State, local, and national agencies responsible for programs related to the purpose of this Act with a view to encouraging greater use of volunteer services in those programs and establish- ing in connection with them systematic procedures for the recruitment, referral, or necessary preservice orientation or training of part-time volunteers serving pursuant to this part. PAGENO="0036" 32 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 "PARTICIPATION OF OLDER PERSONS "SEC. 832. In carrying out this title, *the Director shall take necessary steps, including the development of special projects where appropriate, to encourage the fullest feasible participation of older persons in the various programs and activities authorized under this title. "APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW "SEa. 833. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), volunteers under this title shall not be deemed Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal employment. "(b) Individuals who receive either a living allowance or a stipend under part A shall, with respect to such services or training, (1) be deemed, for the purposes of subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5 of the United States Code, persons employed in the executive branch of the Federal Government, and (2) be deemed Federal employees to the same extent as enrollees of the Job Corps under section 116 (a) (1), (2), and (3) of this Act, except that for purposes of the computation described in 116(a) (2) (B) the monthly pay of a volunteer shall be deemed to be that received under the entrance salary for GS-7 under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code. "SPECIAL LIMITATIONS "SEC. 834. (a) The Director shall prescribe regulations to assure that service under this title is limited to activities which would not otherwise be performed and which will not result in the displacement of employed workers or impair existing contracts for service. "(b) All support, including transportation provided to volunteers under this title, shall be furnished at the lowest possible cost consistent with the effective operations of volunteer programs. "(c) No agency or organization to which volunteers are assigned hereunder, or which operates or supervises any volunteer program bereundershall request or receive any compensation for services of volunteers supervised by such agency or organization. * "DURATION OF PROGRAM "Szc. 835. The Director shall carry out the programs provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, and the three succeeding fiscal years. For each such fiscal year only such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may authorize by law." TITLE IT-SUMMER CAMPS FOR DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN SHORT TITLE SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the "Summer Camp Act of 1967". FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF PURPOSE SEC. 202. Millions of acres of forest and park lands throughout the Nation are the property of all the people. Yet the circumstances of poverty frequently pre- vent the utilization of these lands by those most in need, particularly disadvan- taged children who would benefit from outdoor and camping experiences. It is the purpose of this title to provide and assist in the provision of camp facilities which permit greater use of such public lands under Federal, State, and local adminis- tration in behalf of these children. BASIC AUTHORITY SEC. 203. (a) The Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (hereinafter referred to as the "Director') may allocate funds to other Federal agencies, or extend financial assistance to State or local public agencies, to enable them to provide camp facilities for use by disadvantaged children. The following basic conditions shall apply to the exercise of this authority- (1) the facilities (except as may be necessary in connection with access roads, utility lines, or similar installations) must be on public lands; PAGENO="0037" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITy ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 33 (2) the facilities must be so located in relation to population centers as to permit their efficient, meaningful, and substantial use in connection with camping programs, projects, or activities for disadvantaged children; and (3) the facilities must be provided and operated subject to a use plan, conforming to the requirements of section 20~, which provides reasonable assurance of their continuing availability, under the sponsorship of one or more public or private nonprofit agencies, for such camping programs, proj- ects, or activities. ALLOCATION AND USE OF FUNDS SEC. 204. (a) Funds appropriated under this title may be allocated by the Director to the Secretaries of Agriculture, the Interior, or to the Army, to pay the cost of camp facilities on public lands under their administration, or to the head of any other Federal agency responsible for the administration of public lands which are determined by the Director and the head of that agency to be appropri- ate for use in providing camp facilities pursuant to this Act. Funds may also be provided, by grant or contract, to State or local public agencies responsible for administration of public lands and having the legal, technical, and financial capacity to undertake projects for the provision of camp facilities in accordance with this title. (b) Funds allocated to a Federal agency, or made available for any State or local project, may be used for- (1) the construction, renovation, or improvement (including furnishing and equipping) of camp facilities; (2) the purchase or lease of privately owned facilities on public lands which are or may be made suitable for use as camp facilities; and (3) essential maintenance and supervision of camp facilities to the extent, as may be agreed upon by the Director and the agency concerned, that such maintenance and supervision is not otherwise available or cannot otherwise be reasonably provided. (c) Funds allocated or made available under this title may not be used for the administration or operation of any camping program or project, nor may they be used for the purchase of land; but this shall not preclude their use in acquiring necessary rights in connection with access roads, utility lines, or similar installations. USE. PLANS SEC. 20~. (a) Funds shall not be allocated and used by a Federal agency for any facility, and the Director shall not extend financial assistance to any State or local agency project, unless the facility or project is covered by a use plan or agreement approved by the Director in accordance with this section. In the case of facilities to be provided by a Federal agency, the plan shall contain such in- formation and understandings concerning the character of the facility, the type and extent of use to be made of it, the number and nature of and procedure for selecting sponsoring organizations, conformity with the rules and regulations of the administering agency, and other matters, as may be agreed upon by the Director and the head of that agency. In the case of projects of State or local public bodies, the plan shall contain, at a minimum, information and commit- ments necessary to assure- (1) that the facilities will be adequate, and reasonable in cost, in relation to their proposed use; (2) that the facilities and their proposed use will comply with all ap- plicable laws and regulations and be consistent with any applicable plans or planning, including any statewide outdoor recreation plans approved pur- suant to the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965; (3) that the facilities will be available for use in accordance with this title over an appropriate minimum period, consistent with their cost, and that they will not be converted to any other use during that period except with the approval of the Director and subject to such additional conditions or requirements (which may include required repayment of all or part of the financial assistance, as determined after opportunity for hearing) as the Director may prescribe; (4) that the agency seeking financial assistance will retain sufficient con- tinuing control over the facilities to assure their continuing use in accord- ance with this title over the applicable minimum period; and PAGENO="0038" 34 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, (5) that there are public or private nonprofit sponsoring organizations (which may include the applicant agency) which are able and willing to assume responsibility for operating or coordinating the operation of the fa- cilities so as to assure their effective and efficient use for camping programs for disadvantaged children, and that there are adequate methods or proce- dures for selecting those sponsoring organizations. (b) The Director, after consultation with the* heads of interested Federal agencies, may by regulation prescribe additional or supplementary requirements or criteria for use plans. Such regulations may include descriptions of different types of camping programs for which facilities provided or assisted under this title may be used, general standards for these various types of programs, and requirements or procedures for selecting sponsoring organizations in accordance with their capacity to provide or arrange for the staff, health care, food, trans- portation, and other supportive services needed for such programs. The regula- tions may also require specific approval of sponsoring organizations by the Director. USE OF FACILITIES BY OTHER THAN THE DISADvANTAGED SEC. 206. Facilities provided or assisted under this title shall not be used for groups other than disadvantaged children unless it is determined, by the Direc- tor or in accordance with regulations promulgated by him establishing criteria for such determinations, that the facilities would otherwise not be adequately utilized, that it is not reasonably possible to expand their use for disadvantaged children, and that use by other organizations or groups would not preclude or be inconsistent with the fullest practicable use of the facilities for disadvantaged children. The Director shall consult with the Federal agencies concerned and, where feasible, with interested State and local agencies in issuing regulations under this section. Those regulations may provide for use by groups other than disadvantaged children on a fee basis, and may require in the case of any State or local public agencies that fees so collected be applied in reduction of the amount of financial assistance provided under this title. EMPLOYMENT OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS SEC. 207. To the extent feasible, the Director shall encourage the provision, maintenance, supervision, and use of camp facilities in a manner that will pro- mote new or additional employment or training opportunities for low-income individuals, including individuals enrolled in the Job Corps, the Neighborhood Youth Corps, and other programs designed to improve or restore employability. LIMITATION ON FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SEC. 208. Financial assistance under this title to any State or local public agency for any project or activity shall not exceed 80 per centum of the approved cost of such project or activity. Nor shall the Director provide such assistance to any such agency unless he satisfies himself that the prior level of agency expenditures in connection with other facilities available to disadvantaged chil- dren has not been and will not be reduced and that contributions or expenditures in connection with those other facilities will not be diminished in order to provide any non-Federal contributions required under this section. Non-Federal contributions required by this section may be in cash or kind, fairly evaluated, including but not limited to materials, equipment, and services. LABOR STANDARDS SEC. 209. All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors in the construction, alteration, or repair, including painting and decorating, of projects, buildings. and works which are federally assisted under this title shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on similar construction in the locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act, as amended (40 U.S.O. 276a-~276a-5). The Secretary of Labor shall have, with respect to such labor standards, the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (15 FR. 3176; 64 Stat. 1267), and section 2 of the Act of June 13, 1934, as amended (48 Stat. 948, as amended; 40 U.S.C. 276(c)). PAGENO="0039" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 35 GENERAL PROVISIONS SEC. 210. To the extent necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this title, the Director shall have the powers and duties conferred upon him by section 602 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, except that he may make arrangements with, reimburse, or delegate any powers to, the heads of other Federal agencies, including agencies to which funds are allocated under section 204(a), and authorize redelegations, without regard to the provisions of section 602(d) of such Act. DEFINITIONS SEe. 211. For purposes of this title- (1) The term "camp facilities" includes permanent or semipermanent structures, sanitary, water, cooking, electrical or similar installations or fixtures, access roads and utility lines and installations necessary for ade- quate development of a site, recreational installations appropriate to a camp- site, and such other furnishings, equipment, installations, or structures as may be required to provide a site appropriate for regular or repeated use in connection with camping programs for disadvantaged children; (2) The term "State or local public agency" means a State, county, munici- pality, or other governmental entity or public body, an Indian tribe, or two or more such entities, bodies, or tribes, having necessary control over public lands and otherwise authorized to undertake the commitments required pursuant to this title with respect to any camp facility; (3) The term "public lands" means those lands under the ownership, con- trol, or administration of Federal, State, or local public agencies or Indian tribes; (4) The term `~sponsoring organization" means a welfare, youth, charitable, church, or labor organization, a school, civic club, or community action agency established pursuant to title II of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, or any other public or private nonprofit agency (other than a political party) which has authority to operate, administer, or coordinate camping programs for disadvantaged children using facilities provided under this title; and (5) The term "disadvantaged children" means children from low-income families, and includes groups predominantly or principally composed of such children. AUThORIzATIONS SEC. 212. For the purposes of carrying out this title, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968; and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and the succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary. Sums so appropriated shall remain available until expended. TITLE Ill-CRIMINAL PROVISIONS SEC. 301. (a) Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, or employee of, or connected in any capacity with, any agency receiving financial assistance under the Economic Opportunity Act, as amended, embezzles, willfully misapplies, steals, or obtains by fraud any of the moneys, funds, assets, or property which are the subject of a grant or contract of assistance pursuant to the Economic Opportunity Act, as amended, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both; but if the amount so embezzled, misapplied, stolen, or obtained by fraud does nc~t exceed $100, he shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (b) Whoever, by threat of procuring dismissal of any person from employment or of refusal to employ or refusal to renew a contract of employment in con- nection with a grant or contract of assistance under the Economic Opportunity Act, as amended, induces any person to give up any money or thing of any value to any person (including such grantee agency), shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. PAGENO="0040" 36 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMEiNDME'WPS OF 1967, [HR. 10682, 90th Cong., first sess.} A BILL To mesh the combined efforts of government at all levels with private endeavors to provide jobs and dignity for the poor Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Ropresentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Opportu- nity Crusade Act of 19G7". FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF PURPOSE SEC. 2. It is the finding of Congress that, in spite of the impressive historical record of this Nation in offering unrivaled opportunities for advancement to our citizens, much remains to be done. Artificial barriers and indigenous back- grounds too often inhibit the full development of individual potential. It is not enough, however, simply to launch a program with compelling and persuasive objectives. A realistic program to help restore dignity and hope to those who are unable to sustain themselves in modern society is our urgent imperative. A pro- gram which merely raises expectations and administrative salaries without mean- ingful results fails to meet `the dynamic requirements of our society. Those citi- zens who are to be served by government programs must have a significant role in helping themselves. Expenditures by government to do things to beneficiaries, rather than in partnership with beneficiaries, is a miscarriage of the true congressional purpose of dignifying human lives. It is therefore the policy of the United States to provide individuals at low levels of income and education with the power and hope necessary to raise them- selves above the levels of poverty. To accomplish this objective it is the intent of Congress that the needs of the very young be given first priority. Sensible and diverse programs emphasizing education, health, strengthening of the family and productive jobs for heads of the family must have maximum local and private participation. Community action, involving the poor at policymaking levels officials and citizens of talent and experience, is the indispensable ingredient of success. Attention must also be focused on the elderly poor and efforts to coordinate and initiate programs greatly needed to assist them to lead productive lives. Permanent, productive jobs, with personal dignity and independence must be provided primarily `by private enterprise. It is the role of government to stimu- late, educate and provide incentives. All levels of government must participate in a meaningful way. It is the intent of Congress that this Act shall launch an opportunity `crusade for the isolated Americans who are imprisoned in our society by poverty. TITLE I-COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ADVISERS TO THE PRESIDENT DECLARATION OF POLICY SEC. 101. The Congress hereby declares that it is the continuing policy and re- sponsibility of the Federal Government to use all practicable means consistent with its needs and obligations and other essential considerations of national policy, with the assistance and cooperation of industry, agriculture, labor and State and local governments, to coordinate and utilize all its plans, functions, and resources for the purpose of opening the oportunity for a self-supporting, independent life of dignity for all Americans. It is the finding of Congress that no independent agency of government can effectively coordinate the manifold and multiformed Federal programs oriented to the elimination of poverty, and that such an objective can only be accomplished through the Office of the President. COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ADVISERS TO THE PRE5IDENT SEC. 102. (a) In order to assist the President in the overall coordination of Federal programs oriented to the elimination of poverty in the United States, and to provide continuing surveillance, evaluation and redirection of such of such program, there is hereby created in the Executive Office of the President a Council of Economic Opportunity Advisers (hereinafter called the "Council"). The Council shall be composed of three members who shall be appointed by the PAGENO="0041" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 37 President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and each of whim shall be a person who, as a result of his training, experience, and attainments is exceptionally qualified to analyze and interpret factors affecting the im- proverished, to appraise programs and activities of the Government in the light of the goals set by this Act, and to formulate and recommend the national anti- poverty policy. The President shall designate one of the members of the Council as Chairman and one as Vice Chairman. The Chairman of the Council shall re- ceive compensation at the rate of $30,000 per annum anti the other two members shall receive compensation at the rate of $27,000 per annum. (b) The Council is authorized to employ, and fix the compensation of, such specialists and other experts as may be necessary for the carrying out of its functions under this Act, without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and may be paid without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, and is authorized to employ and fix the pay, subject to such provisions of such title 5~ of such other officers and employees as may be necessary to carry out it functions under this Act. (c) The Council is authorized to contract with private organizations or in- dividuals for such research and evaluation studies as may be desired by the Council. (d) It shall be the duty and function of the Council- (1) to gather timely and authoritative information concerning conditions of poverty existing throughout the Nation; (2) to appraise the various antipoverty programs and activities of the Federal Government, for the purpose of determining the extent to which such programs and activities are contributing, or not contributing, to the alle- viation of poverty; (3) to develop and recommend policies to foster coordination among Federal, State, and local antipoverty programs, mobilizing to the maximum extent feasible the efforts of industry, agriculture, and labor in a massive coordinative effort; and to recommend to the President and the Congress administrative changes to eliminate waste and duplication that exists in the antipoverty programs in the various departments and agencies of the Federal Government; (4) to develop and recommend to the President national policies to change and improve programs as determined by the Council to be most effective in approaching the solution of the poverty problem; and (5) to make and furnish to the Congress such studies, reports, and recom- mendatjions with respect to operation of the antipoverty program, and to elevate the impact of various antipoverty programs and antipoverty policies, together with recommendations for legislative changes, as the President may request. (e) The Council shall make an annual report to the President in December of each year. (f) In exercising its powers, functions, and duties under this Act- (1) the Council may constitute such advisory committees and may consult with such representatives of industry, agriculture, labor, consumers, State and local governments, and other groups, as it deems advisable; and (2) the Council shall, to the fullest extent possible, utilize the services. facilities, and information (included statistical information) of other Gov- ernment agencies as well as of private research agencies, in order that dupli- cation of effort and expense may be avoided. (g) To enable the Council to exercise its powers, functions, and duties under this title, there are authorized to be appropriated (except for the salaries of the members and the salaries of officers and employees of the Council) such sums as may be necessary. For the salaries of members and the salaries of officers and employees of the Council, there is authorized to be appropriated not exceeding $500,000 in the aggregate for each fiscal year. ECONOMIC OPPORTtJNITY REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT SEC. 103. (a) The President shall transmit to the Congress during the month of December each year (commencing with the year 1968) an Economic Oppor- tunity Report setting forth- PAGENO="0042" 38 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (1) conditions of poverty and unemployment throughout the United States and territories and such factors as may contribute to this condition; (2) a review of the antipoverty programs of the Federal Government, State and local governments, the coordination and cooperation between such pro- grams, and the effects of such programs toward alleviating poverty; and (3) a program for carrying out the purposes of this Act together with such recommendations for legislation as may be deemed necessary or desirable. (b) The President may transmit from time to time to the Congress reports supplementary to the Economic Opportunity Report, each of which shall include such supplementary or revised recommendations as he may deem necessary or desirable to achieve the goals desired by this Act. TITLE lI-RESIDENTIAL TRAINING PROGRAM STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 201. The purpose of this title is to provide residential centers to assist - young men and women who are unable, in their present family or community environments, to prepare for the responsibilities of citizenship, to increase their skills for employment, to enhance their ability to respond to programs of educa- tion, training, and work experience, and to prepare themselves for jobs in a free* enterprise economy. PART A-RESIDENTIAL SKILL CENTERS ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM SEC. 211. In order to carry out the purposes of this title, there is hereby estab- lished a Residential Skill Centers prograni (hereinafter referred to as the "pro- gram") in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to be administered in coordination with programs carried out under the Vocational Education Act of 1963, by the Commissioner of Education (hereinafter in this part referred to as the "Commissioner"). ESTABLISHMENT OF CENTERS SEC. 212. The Commissioner shall provide, through contracts, for the establish- mnent and operation of Residential Skill Centers at w-hich trainees will be provided- (a) basic education curriculums designed to bring trainees to high school graduate equivalency; (b) vocational training curriculums including classroom instruction and on-the-job training and work experience under simulated or actual em- ployment conditions which will provide trainee with the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to qualify for employment in those respective vocations; and (c) continuous counseling, education, and activities designed to develop motivation, proper attitudes, work discipline, and habits necessary to realiz- ing a successful and long-term career in meaningful, remunerative em- ployment. QUALIFICATIONS OF TRAINEES IN RESIDENTIAL SKILL CENTERS SEC. 213. (a) Trainees in Residential Skill Centers shall be young men and women who- (1) have, at the time of admission to the Center, attained age sixteen but not attained age twenty-two; (2) are economically deprived according to standards of Income as pre- scribed by the Commissioner; (3) are permanent residents of the United States or are natives and citizens of Cuba who arrived in the United States from Cuba as nonimmi- grants or as parolees under section 214 (a) or 212 (d) (5), respectively, of the Immigration and Nationality Act; (4) meet such other standards for admission to a Center as may be pre- scribed by the Commissioner or contractor; and (5) have agreed to comply with rules and regulations prescribed by the Commissioner and contractor. (b) No person may be a trainee in the program for more than two years, ex- cept as the contractor may determine in special cases. PAGENO="0043" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 39 OPERATION OF CENTERS SEC. 214. (a) For the establishment and operation of Residential Skill Cen- ters the Commissioner shall enter into contracts with the State or with a political subdivision of a State, or with a public or private, nonprofit agency or organi- zation. (b) The Commissioner shall encourage States and political subdivisions to enter into reciprocal agreements or joint contracts for operation of centers under this part where such agreements would be desirable. (c) Each such contract shall contain provisions to insure that the State or States, political subdivision of subdivisions, and public or private, nonprofit agen- cy or organization which is to operate a center (hereinafter referred to as the "Skill Center Contractor") will meet the requirements of this part. (d) The Commissioner is authorized to pay 100 per centum of the costs of contracts under this part until July 1, 1970, and after such date the Commis- sioner shall pay such portion of the costs of such contracts as he deems necessary. SEC. 215. (a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this part, a trainee in a Residential Skill Center shall be deemed not to be a Federal employee and shall not be subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unem- ployment compensation, and Federal employee benefits. (b) Trainees shall be deemed to be employeey of the United States for the purpose of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), and of title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.), and any service performed by an individual as such a trainee shall be deemed for such purposes to be per- formed in the employ of the United States. (c) (1) Trainees under this part shall, for the purposes of the administra- tion of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (5 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), be deemed to be civil employee of the United States within the meaning of the term "employee" as defined in section 40 of such Act (5 U.S.C. 790) and the pro- visions thereof shall apply except as hereinafter provided. (2) For purpo~es of this subsection: (A) The term "performance of duty" in the Federal Employees' Compen- sation Act shall not include any act of a trainee while absent from his or her assigned post of duty, except while participating in an activity (includ- ing an activity while on pass or during travel to or from such post of duty) authorized by or under the direction or supervision of the Skill Center Contractor. (B) In computing compensation benefits for disability or death under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act, the monthly pay of a trainee shall be deemed to be $150, except that with respect to compensation for disability accruing after the individual concerned reaches the age of twenty- one, such monthly pay shall be deemed to be that received under the en- trance salary for GS-2 under the Classification Act of 1949 (5 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.), and section 6(d) (1) of the former Act (5 U.S.C. 756(d) (1) shall apply to trainees. (C) Compensation for disability shall not begin to accrue until the day following the date on which the injured trainee's participation in the pro- gram is terminated. (d) A trainee shall be deemed to be an employee of the Government for the purposes of the Federal tort claims provisions of title 23, United States Code. ALLOWANCE AND MAINTENANCE SEC. 216. (a) Each trainee shall be provided by the Skill Center Contractor with such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such quarters, subsistence, transportation, equipment, clothing, recreational services, medical, dental, hos- pital and other health services, and other expenses as the Commissioner may deem necessary or appropriate for his needs. The Skill Center Contractor should graduate living allotments in a manner which will provide monetary incentive for excellent and exceptional achievement. Reasonable transporta- tion and travel allowances may also be provided, in such circumstances as the Commissioner may determine, for applicants for admission to a Residential Skill Center to or from the Center, and for former trainees from the Center to their homes, provided that travel arrangements and expenses are as eco- nomical as possible consistent with the circumstances and shall not be more PAGENO="0044" 40 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 generous than similar provisions available to members of the United States Armed Forces. (b) Upon termination of his or her participation in the program, each trainee shall be entitled to receive from the Skill Center Contractor a readjustment allowance at a rate not to exceed $50 for each month of satisfactory participa- tion therein as determined by the Commissioner: Provided, however, That under such circumstances as the Commissioner may determine, a portion of the re- adjustment allowance of a trainee not exceeding $25 for each month of satis- factory service may be paid during the period of service of the trainee directly to a member of his or her family and any sum so paid shall be supplemented by the payment of an equal amount by the Commissioner. In the event of the trainee's death during the period of his or her service, the amount of any unpaid readjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of sec- tion 1 of the Act of August 3, 1950 (5 U.S.C. 61f). PART B-ADMINIsTRATIoN SELECTION AND ASSIGNMENT SEC. 221. (a) Each Skill Center contractor shall provide for the selection of trainees for his Center. He shall select for training only persons he believes are unlikely to be able to benefit from education or training in any other facility or program which is available to them; have the desire and ability to reap the most benefit from such a training opportunity; and require a change of family or neighborhood environment in order to respond adequately to education or training. (b) Each Skill Center contractor shall screen applicants in accordance with criteria which the Commissioner shall recommend. (c) Criminal violations by an applicant shall not disqualify him or her from participating in the program, but special evaluation of the distinctive nature of said applicant's problems shall be made and provision made for suitable treat- ment and handling. A Skill Center contractor may reject any applicant who he feels, due to behavioral or sociological problems, could jeopardize the enforce- ment of standards of conduct and deportment within the Center or diminish the opportunity of other trainees. (d) Each trainee (other than a trainee who is a native and citizen of Cuba described in section 213(a) (2) of this Act) must take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the following form: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I bear faith and allegiance to the United States of America and will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the Unite~l States against all its enemies, foreign and domestic." The provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code, shall be applicable to the oath or affirmation required by this section. (e) A Skill Center contractor shall make no payments to any individual or to any organization solely as compensation for the services of referring the names of candidates for participation in the program. (f) Upon a trainee's acceptance to a Center, the Skill Center contractor shall provide testing and counseling necessary to determine the educational and sociological needs of the trainee and to insure that he is enrolled in the training program which best conforms to his aptitudes and interests. (g) In the selection of training programs for enrollees, the contractor shall take due consideration of child labor laws and other restrictions on employment relating to age which will inhibit job opportunities for trainees in certain skill categories. USE OF LOCAL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EDUCATION AND TRAINING AGENCIES SEc. 222. (a) Wherever practicable, educational and vocational training for trainees in Residential Skill Centers shall be provided through local public or private educational agencies or by vocational institutions or technical institutes where such institutions or institutes can provide substantially equivalent train- ing unless such education or training can be provided within the Residential Skill Center more effectively or with reduced Federal expenditures. (b) It is the intent of Congress that, to the extent possible, the Residential Skill Centers provided for enrollees under this title shall be combined with area vocational schools, technical institutes, and other training facilities, for resident and nonresident trainees, in order to avoid isolation or stigmatizing of said enrollees and to develop a concept of community and area training centers. PAGENO="0045" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 41 COORDINATION WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY SEC. 223. Skill Center Contractors shall develop close liaison with private industry in the geographical area of the Center in order to- (A) determine what vocational skills are needed by area industry so that the program may be alined accordingly; and (B) to develop job opportunities for placement of graduates who plan to remain in the area. COMMUNITY ADVISORY GROUPS SEC. 224. (a) The Commissioner shall promote the formation of community advisory groups to consult with the administrators, contractors and any sub- contractors of Residential Skill Centers directly concerned with commnuity relations, with a view to achieving, so far as possible, the following objectives: (1) giving community officials appropriate advance notice of changes in Center rules, procedures, or activities that may affect or be of interest to the community; (2) affording the community a meaningful voice in Center affairs of direct concern to it; (3) promoting interchanges of information and techniques among, and cooperative projects involving the Center and community schools, educa- tional institutions, and agencies serving young people; and (4) developing, where feasible, job or career opportunities for enrollees and further training for graduates in the community. (b) Wherever possible, such advisory groups shall be formed by and co- ordinated under the local community action board. COUNSELING AND JOB PLACEMENT SEC. 225. (a) The Skill Center Contractor shall provide counseling and testing of each trainee at regular intervals to follow his progress in, and satisfaction with, the educational and vocational program. (b) The Contractor shall counsel and test prior to the scheduled termination of a trainee to determine his capabilities and shall place him in a job in the vocation he was trained for and in which it is felt he will have the best chance of succeeding. In placing trainees in jobs, the Skill Center Contractor should utilize the United States Employment Service to the fullest extent possible. (c) The Contractor shall arrange with graduates for post-graduate interviews and/or contacts through which the graduates' status, progress, needs for further education, training, and counseling may be determined. (d) Upon termination of a trainee's training, a copy of all records pertaining to such trainee (including data derived from his counseling and testing) shall be made available immediately to the officials of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare administering the program nationally. Contractors shall periodically compile information obtained from contacts with graduates and make same available to the officials of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. REGULATIONS: STANDARDS OF CONDUCT SEC. 226. (a) The Commissioner shall require Skill Center Contractors to en- force such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to govern the conduct of trainees in the Residential Skill Centers, subject to the limitations and special provisions in this title. The Commissioner shall also establish standards of safety and health for trainees which he shall require Contractors to observe. He shall also require Contractors to furnish or arrange for the furnishing of health services. (b) In the case of trainees who are charged with violation of State criminal statutes while in training at a Center, the Contractor shall provide the cost of attorney and other legal services only in circumstances where adequate provision for such representation of indigent defendants is not provided under applicable State law. (c) Any trainee who is convicted of a felony committed during the period of his training at a Center shall be immediately dismissed from the Center. (d) The Commissioner shall require that standards of conduct and deport- ment shall be provided and stringently enforced within Centers. In the case of PAGENO="0046" 42 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967 violations committed by trainees, dismissals from the Center shall be made in every instance where it is determined that retention in the Center will jeopardize the enforcement of such standards of conduct and deportment or diminish the opportunity of other trainees. (e) The Skill Center Contractor shall have full authority to take appropriate and reasonable disciplinary measures against trainees, inclufting, but not limited to, dismissal from the Center. RELATIONS WITH STATES SEC. 227. (a) No Residential Skill Center shall be established under this title within a State unless a plan setting forth such proposed establishment has been submitted to the Governor of the State and such plan has not been disapproved by him within thirty days of such submission. (b) The Commissioner shall establish appropriate procedures to insure that participation by a trainee in the program shall in no way result in a violation of parole or probationary procedures of any State. In the event procedures have been established under which the participation in the program by a youth subject to parole or probationary jurisdiction is acceptable to appropriate State authorities, the Commissioner shall require the Contractor to provide for regular super- vision of the trainee and reports to the State authorities to conform w-ith the appropriate parole and probationary requirements in such State. DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED SEC. 228. In the selection of trainees or staff in the Residential Skill Centers, and in the administration of the program, no discrimination shall be permitted on the basis of a person's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. PART C-MILITARY CAREER CENTERS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 231. It is the purpose of this part to provide an opportunity for yout1~s who are unqualified for the military service to volunteer for education, training, and other activities which will upgrade their physical or mental qualifications and make them eligible for the military service. ESTABLISHMENT OF MILITARY CAREER CENTERS SEC. 232. For the purpose of carrying out this part, there is hereby established within the Department of Defense, Military Career Centers to be administered by the Secretary of Defense. ENROLLMENT IN CENTERS SEC. 233. Enrollees in Military Career Centers shall be persons who- (1) have evidenced an interest in the possibility of qualifying for a miii- *tary career or have expressed a special preference to become an enrollee in the Military Career Center program; and (2) are not qualified for military service, but who show promise of becoming qualified for such service through preparation received in a Mili- tary Career Center; and (3) meet standards of enrollment prescribed by section 213 (a) (1) and (2); (4) are permanent residents of the United States or are natives and citizens of Cuba who arrived in the United States from Cuba as non- immigrants or as parolees under section 214(a) or 212(d) (5), respectively, of the Immigration and Nationality Act; and (5) meet such other standards of enrollment as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense; and (6) have agreed to remain in the center for a minimum period of time as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense; and (7) have agreed to comply with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. PAGENO="0047" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 43 OPERATION OF CENTERS SEC. 234. The Secretary of Defense shall design and administer programs of basic education, physical development and other activities which will contribute to the upgrading of enrollees in Military Career Centers to meet the required standards for military induction. APPLICABILITY OF OTHER SECTIONS SEC. 235. Sections 215 and 216 of this Act shall apply to trainees in Military Career Centers. PART D-TRANSFER AND PHASING-OUT OF JOB CORPS TRANSFER SEC. 241. (a) All functions of the Director of the Office of Economic Oppor- tunity under part A of title I of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 are hereby transferred to the Commissioner to be carried out in coordination with programs carried on under the Vocational Education Act of 1963. (b) So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, available, or to be made available, in connection with the functions transferred by subsec- tion (a) as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine shall be transferred to the Office of Education at such time or times as said Director shall direct. - TRANSITION OF JOB CORPS CENTERS SEC. 242. (a) The Commissioner shall take such action as may be necessary to provide a transition from existing Job Corps administration to full admin- istration under the Vocational Education system of all Job Corps Centers by July 1, 1969. In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Commissioner shall, wherever feasible, utilize capital facilities and equipment, including Job Corps Centers themselves, in establishing the Residential Skill Centers operated under this title. When real property owned by the United States ceases to be used for Job Corps purposes, it shall first be made available to the Commissioner for acquisi- tion by Skill Center contractors. If not desired for such purposes, such facilities shall be made available to the Secretary of Defense if he should deem such facilities suitable for use in connection with his operation of Military Career Centers. (c) The Commissioner shall make arrangements under which personal prop- erty, equipment, and supplies used by Job Corps camps and centers will be made available for acquisition by Skill Center contractors when such Job Corps Centers are discontinued. PART E-AUTHORIzATION OF APPROPRIATION SEC. 251. For the purpose of carrying out this title (other than part C) there is hereby authorized the sum of $190,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. For the purpose of carrying out part C of this title there is hereby au- thorized to be appropriated the sum of $40,000,000 for such fiscal year. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1009, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE Ill-WORK-STUDY PROGRAM PART A-SECONDARY SCHOOL WORK STUDY STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 301. It is the purpose of this part to enable needy young men and women to continue or resume their education at the secondary school level through work- study programs, carried out in the school or by public or private nonprofit orga- nizations, which contribute to an undertaking or service in the public interest that would not otherwise be provided, or contribute to the conservation* and development of natural resources and recreational areas and to provide part- time employment in private enterprise for needy students. PAGENO="0048" 44 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ESTABLISHMENT OF WORK STUDY SEC. 302. In order to carry out the purposes of this part, there is hereby estab- lished in the Office of Education a work-study program for secondary school students to be administered by the Commissioner of Education (hereinafter re- ferred to as the Commissioner). ALLOTMENTS TO STATES SEC. 303. (a) From the sums appropriated to carry out this part for a fiscal year, the Commissioner shall reserve such amount, not in excess of 2 per centum, as he may determine, and shall allot the amount so reserved among Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, according to their respective needs for assistance under this title. The remainder of such sums shall be allotted among the other States so that the allotment to each such State will be an amount which bears the same ratio to such remainder as the number of related children aged fourteen to twenty-one, both inclusive, living in families with annual incomes of less than $3,000 in such State bears to the number of related children of such ages living in such families in all such States. (b) The amount of any State's allotment under subsection (a) for any fiscal year which the Commissioner determines will not be required for such fiscal year for carrying out the State plan (if any) approved under this part shall be avail- able for reallotment from time to time, on such dates during such year as the Commissioner may fix, to other States in proportion to the original allotments to such States under such subsection for such year, but with such proportionate amounts for any of such States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum the Commissioner estimates such State needs and will be able to use for such year for carrying out the State plan; and the total of such reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts were not so reduced. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection during a year from funds appropriated pursuant to section 321 shall be deemed part of its allot- ment under subsection (a) for such year. STATE PLANS SEC. 304. (a) Any State which desires to receive grants under this part shall submit to the Commissioner a State plan, in such detail as the Commissioner deems necessary, which- (1) designates the State educational agency as the agency which shall, either directly or through arrangements with other State or local public agencies, act as the sole agency for the administration of the plan; (2) sets forth a plan under which funds paid to the State from its allot- ment under section 303 will be expended for work-study programs meeiing the requirements set forth in section 305, and such funds will be held apart from general State funds; (3) sets forth principles for determining the priority to be accorded appli- cations from local educational agencies for work-study programs, which principles shall give preference to applications submitted by local educa- tional agencies serving large numbers of children from low-income families; (4) sets forth such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of, and accounting for, Federal funds paid to the State (including any such funds paid by the State to any other public agency) under this title; (5) provides for making such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Commissioner may reasonably require to carry out his functions under this title, and for keeping such records and for affording such access thereto as the Commissioner may find necessary to assure the correctness and verification of such reports; and (6) provides a standard of income of participants and their families that takes due account of the number of children, dependents, and other special circumstances substantially affecting the ability of individuals and families to be self-sustaining, subject to the Commissioner's approval. (b) The Commissioner shall approve any State plan and any modification thereof which complies with the provisions of subsection (a). PAGENO="0049" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 45 ENROLLEES IN PROGRAM SEC. 305. (a) Selection for enrollment in programs assisted under this part shall be made by participating school systems in accordance with agreements with the Secretary. (b) No person may participate as an enrollee in programs under this part unless- (1) he is a student in ninth through twelfth grades; (2) his and his family's income does not exceed the standard established under section 304(a) (6) (3) he is in need of remunerative employment to resume or continue his secondary level education. (c) Enrollees shall be deemed not to be Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compensa- tion, and Federal employee benefits. (d) Where appropriate to carry out the purposes of this part, the Secretary may provide for testing, counseling, job development, and referral services to youths through public agencies or private, nonprofit organizations. QUALIFICATIONS OF WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS SEC. 306. A work-study program shall be eligible for assistance under this part if- (1) the program will enable students to resume or maintain school attendance; (2) the program will permit or contribute to an undertaking or service in the public interest that would not otherwise be provided, or will contribute to the conservation, development, or management of the natural resources of the State or community or to the development, management, or protection of State or community recreational areas; (3) the students will be employed either (A) on publicly owned and operated facilities or projects, or (B) on local projects sponsored by private, nonprofit organizations (other than political parties), other than projects involving the construction, operation, or maintenance of so much of any facility used or to be used for sectarian instruction or as a place of religious worship, or involving the conduct of any sectarian religious activity; (4) the program will not result in the displacement of employed workers, jeopardize the potential employment of workers not aided under this part, or impair existing contracts for service; (5) the rates of pay and other conditions of employment will be appro- priate and reasonable in the light of such factors as the type of work per- formed, geographical area, and proficiency of the employee, and in no event shall exceed the rate of pay for regular employees performing similar services; (6) the program will be coordinated to the maximum extent feasible, with vocational training and educational services adapted to the special needs of students in such program and sponsored by State or local public or private educational agencies: Provided, however, That where such services are inadequate or unavailable, the program may make provision for the enlarge- ment, improvement, development, and coordination of such services with the cooperation of, or where appropriate, pursuant to agreement with, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare; (7) the employer shall pay at least 25 per centum of the student's wage; and (8) in States in which participation of all nonpublic school students is permitted, students in such nonpublic schools are admitted to the program on an equitable basis. PAYMENTS TO STATES SEC. 307. (a) From the amounts allotted to each State under section 303, the Commissioner shall pay to the State an amount equal to the amount expended by the State in carrying out its State plan. Such payments may be made in install- ments, and in advance or by way of reimbursement, with necessary adjustm~n~~ on account of overpayments or underpayments. 80-084 0-67-pt. 1-4 PAGENO="0050" 46 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DME'NTS OF 1967~ (b) In the event that, in the opinion of the Commissioner, State constitutional, legi~1ative, or administrative restrictions prevent full participation of private agencies or organizations in the operation of work study programs under this title, the Commissioner shall withhold the allocation provided for that State until a satisfactory plan or implementation meets the requirements of the Com- missioner. In the absence of such satisfactory plan and implementation, the Commissioner is authorized to make grants from such State allocation directly to community action boards in order that work-study programs may be provided by contract arrangements or otherwise. ADMINISTRATION OF STATE PLANS SEC. 308. (a) The Commissioner shall not finally disapprove any State plan submitted under this part, or any modification thereof, without first affording the State agency administering the plan reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing. (b) Whenever the Commissioner, after reasonable notice and opportunity for hearing to such State agency, finds- (1) that the State plan has been so changed that it no hmger complies with the provisions of section 304(a), or (2) that in the administration of the plan there is a failure to comply substantially with any such provision, the Commissioner shall notify such State agency that the State will not be regarded as eligible to participate in the program under this part until he is satisfied that there is no longer any such failure to comply. JUDICIAL REVIEW SEC. 309. (a) If any State is dissatisfied with the Commi1ssioner's final action with respect to the approval of its State plan submitted under section 304(a) or with his final action under section 308(b), such State may, within sixty days after notice of such action, file with the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which such State is located a petition for review of that action. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Com- missioner. The Commissioner shall thereupon file in the court the record of the proceedings on which he based his action, as provided in section 2112 of title 28, United States Code. (b) The findings of fact by the Commissioner, if supported by substantial evi- dence, shall be conclusive; but the court, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Commissioner to take further evidence, and the Commissioner may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and may modify his previous action, and shall certify to the court the record of the further proceedings. Such new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence. (c) The court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the action of the Commissioner or to set it aside, in whole or in part. The judgment of the court shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certifica- tion as provided in section 1254 of title 28, United States Code. OATH OF ALLEGIANCE SEC. 310. The provisions of section 221(d) shall apply with respect to enrollees in programs assisted under part A of thi1s title and to all officers and employees any part of whose salaries are paid from sums made available under this title. PART B-COORDINATOR STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 311. It is the purpose of this part to assist needy youths to find part-time employment with private enterprises on a work-study arrangement, which will enable them to continue or resume their education at the secondary level, through the services of a coordinator who will counsel, test, and coordinate with the employment servic~s to locate employment. PAGENO="0051" E'CONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 47 OPERATION OF PROGRAM SEC. 312. (a) To carry out the purpose of this part, the Commissioner is author- ized to contract with local public or private, nonprofit, educational agencies for the hiring of a coordinator, to be located in the school, who will. (1) providie counseling and testing to determine students' capabilities and needs, (2) coordi- nate with the employment services in obtaining suitalile jobs on a work-study basis for students with private employers, with such employers paying 100 per centum of the students' wages. (b) The Commissioner shall give preference to applications submitted by local public or private, nonprofit, educational agencies serving large numbers of youths from low-income families. (c) The Commissioner shall not approve the application of a local public or private, nonprofit, educational agency which is already carrying on a program described in section 311 unless he has received satisfactory assurances that such agency will not reduce its expendiutres for such program. (d) In no event shall the Federal payment under this part exceed 50 per centum of the salary paid to the coordinator. PART C-ATJTHORIzATION OF APPROPIUATION Sno. 321. The Commissioner shall carry out the programs provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purposes of carrying out part A of this title, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated $115,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. For the purposes of carrying out part B of this title there is hereby author- ized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 19t38. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE IV-W0RK TRAINING STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 401. It is the purpose of this title to provide for needy, unskilled, and unemployed young men and women who have terminated their formal educa- tion, programs of on-the-job training which will enable them to become self- sustaining while obtaining the training necessary for a successful career in a vocation. ESTABLISHMENT OF WORK TRAINING SEc. 402. In order to carry out the purposes of this title, there is hereby es- tablished in the Department of Labor a work training program for out-of-school youths to be administered in coordination with programs carried out under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 under the Secretary of Labor (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary"). DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS Szc. 403. (a) The Secretary shall encourage and assist in the development of work training programs which will qualify for assistance under this title through contracts with qualified community action boards. In the absence of a qualified community action board, the Secretary shall develop such programs through direct contracts with public or private nonprofit agencies which the Secretary determines to be qualified. (b) Any qualified applicant desiring assistance for a work training program shall submit an application to the Secretary which shall contain such informa- tion as the Secretary may require. INDUSTRY YOUTH CORPS Snc. 404. (a) The Secretary shall establish an Industry Youth Corps to pro- vide employment for unskilled needy youths between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two in programs of on-the-job training with private, profitmaking enterprises. (b) The Secretary shall encourage farmers to participate under this section by hiring youths for training in farm occupations for which there is a potential of long-term employment. PAGENO="0052" 48 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DME'NTS OF 196 7~ APPROVAL OF APPLICANTS SEO. 405. The Secretary shall approve an application under this title only if he finds that- (a) Enrollees in the program will be employed under a contract or agree~ ment between either a qualified community act~ion board, where existing, or the Secretary and (1) a public agency; or (2) a private, nonprofit organization other than a political party, pro- vided `that no such project shall involve the construction, operation of maintenance of so much of any facility used or to be used for sectarian instruction or as a place for religious worship; or (3) a private, profitmaking employer, as provided under section 404. (b) Enrollees in the program shall be employed under a contract or agreement providing that the enrollees will be given on-the-job training that meets the fol- lowing requirements: (1) The community action board is satisfied that an integral part of the program will consist of skill development and job training, that the training component of the program will involve reasonable progression for the enrollee consistent with his individual performance, that there is a reason- able likelihood that an enrollee who successfully completes the program will be qualified for suitable long-term employment by the employer, that en- rollees will not displace employed workers or impair existing contracts for services and that conditions are such as to preclude exploitation of enrollees in any fashion. (2) The employer is given full assurance that he shall have the same authority with reference to discipline, assignment of work, working condi- tions, and discharge of enrollees as he has for regular employees of compara- ble status. (3) The community action board is satisfied that enrollees will be com- pensated at reasonable rates comparable to, but in no event in excess of, the rates of pay for regular employees performing similar services. (4) No enrollee will be permitted to participate in the program for more than one year, except that an enrollee may be permitted to participate for one additional year if it is ascertained that (A) he will benefit from an additional year under the program, (B) his employer is making adequate provision for his possible long-term employment, (C) he is unable to qualify for suitable employment without part of his wages being paid from sources other than his employer or for other training suitable to his needs, and (D) consideration has been given to the feasibility of the employer paying a larger portion of his wages in view of his experience and training. (5) The program shall be administered through a grant to the local community action board which shall, in turn, negotiate the terms and con- ditions of the contracts with private employers with due consideration for minimizing forms and technical procedures imposed upon employers. (6) Community action boards shall be satisfied that, where appropriate, supplementary classroom instruction is provided enrolles. (7) Under no circumstance shall an enrollee be employed under this pro- gram unless the components of training or supplemental education for the enrollee are provided. (8) In the event the employer is a private, profitmaking concern, the em- ployer shall pay at least 75 per centum of the enrollee's wage. (9) In the event the employer is a public or nonprofit agency, the em- ployer shall pay at least 25 per centum of the enrollee's wage during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and at least 50 per centum of his wage during each succeeding fiscal year. (c) In the absence of. a local community action board, the Secretary shall be authorized to make direct contracts with employers in order to fulfill the require- ments of this section. SELECTION OF ENROLLEES SEC. 406. (a) Selection for enrollment in programs assisted under this title shall be made by qualified community action boards or other qualified applicants in accordance with agreements with the Secretary. (b) No person may participate as an enrollee in programs under this title unless- (1) he has attained age sixteen but has not attained age twenty-two; PAGENO="0053" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 49 (2) his income and his family's income does not .exceed the standard of poverty established by the Secretary that takes due account of the number of children, dependents, and other special circumstances substantially af- fecting the ability of individuals and families to be self-sustaining; (3) he is unemployed and in need of interim, remunerative employment; and (4) he has not regularly attended school for a period of at least six months, and the local authorities after pursuing all appropriate procedures, including guidance and counseling, have concluded that further ~school attendance by him in any regular academic or vocational program is no longer practicable under the circumstances. (c) Eiirollees shall be deemed not to be Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compensa- tion, and Federal employee benefits. (d) Where appropriate to carry out the purposes of this title, the Secretary may provide for testing, counseling, job development, and referral services to youths through public agencies or private, nonprofit organizations. PAYMENTS Sue. 407. The Secretary shall establish criteria designed to achieve an equitable distribution of assistance under this title among the States. In develop- ing such criteria, he shall consider among other relevant factors the ratios of population, unemployment, and family income levels. Not more than 121/2 per centum of the sums appropriated or allocated for any fiscal year to carry out the purposes of this title shall he used within any one State. OATH OF ALLEGIANCE SEc. 408. The provisions of section 221(d) shall apply with respect to enrollees in programs assisted under this title and to all officers and employees any part of whose salaries are paid from sums made available under this title. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION SEc. 409. The Secretary shall carry out the program provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purposes of carrying out this title, there is hereby ailthorized to be ap- propriated the sum of $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, of which $70,000,000 shall be reserved to administer and conduct programs pro- vided under section 305. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE V-URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS PART A-GENERAL STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 501. It is the purpose of this title to stimulate the creation and continua- tion of agencies having a special capacity for identifying unique and ~iistinctive problems in the community and for making use of education and training pro- grams, welfare and health programs, and benefits through research and planning, and, in close coordination with private industry and through the use of the agencies so created, to provide stimulation and incentive for new and imaginative programs for both urban and rural communities to mobilize their resources to combat poverty through total involvement of individuals and groups concerned and meaningful communication, planning, and implementation at the local level. ADMINISTRATION AT FEDERAL LEVEL Sue. 502. (a) The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (hereinafter referred `to as the "Secretary") shall establish a separate agency in the Depart- mént of Health, Education, and Welfare which shall be headed by an Assistant Secretary and shall be the principal agency in the Department concerned with community action programs. PAGENO="0054" 50 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 PART B-URBAN COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS QUALIFIED URBAN COMMUNITY ACTION BOARDS SEC. 511. A community action board shall be qualified to conduct, administer, or coordinate programs under this Act, or any other provision of law, only if- (a) the membership of the board contains representatives of local govern- ment, social welfare and public service `agencies, local school systems the general public, and representatives of the poor comprising at least one- third of the membership of the board; (b) the representatives of the poor are selected by the residents in areas of concentration of poverty, with special emphasis on participation by the residents of the area who are poor; and (c) in communities where substantial numbers of the poor reside outside of areas of concentration of poverty, provision is made for selection of representatives of such poor through a process, such as neighborhood meet- ings, in which the poor participate to the greatest possible degree. APPROVAL OF COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS SEc. 512. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b), the Secretary may approve a community action program for support under this part if he determines that such program- (1) includes component programs all of w-hich are focused upon the needs of low-income individuals and families and which provide expanded and improved services, assistance, and other activities, and facilities necessary in connection therewith; (2) has, if policy is determined by smaller constituent groups of the com- munity action board, such `as an executive committee, true representation of the poor proportionate to that attained on the community action board itself; (3) provides that any component board which exercises jurisdiction only in a single impoverished area or neighborhood of the community, is repre- sentative primarily of and selected by the residents of such area, and is given power to initiate and disapprove programs for that area: (4) includes provisions for reasonable access of the public to information, including, hut not limited to, reasonable opportunity for public hearings at the request of appropriate local community groups, and reasonable public access to books and records of the board engaged in the development, conduct and administration of the program, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary; (5) is organized and designed to coordinate, to the extent feasible, all pro- grams at the community level primarily affecting the poor, and to eliminate duplication, conflict, and waste in such programs as well as to assist in alter- ing or eliminating ineffectual programs; (6) includes arrangements w-ith a reputable private and independent audit- ing firm to preaudit all grants and programs under this part to insure that adequate records are kept and fiscal controls enforced: (7) includes provision for a complete audit of the books six months after the initiation of a program and annually thereafter: (8) requires such sums granted under this section to be expended in a man- ner conforming to, and at a rate not in excess of that proposed under, its approved program; (9) includes a program giving emphasis on a high priority basis, to meet the urgent needs of the elderly poor residing in the area to be served by the community action board; (10) provides a program to mobilize community resources in creating suit- able, full-time job opportunities for the unemployed poor. This shall include special emphasis, where appropriate, on the elimination of conditions which inhibit or preclude the poor from seeking full-time employment such as the lack of day care facilities for children of mothers who might otherwise qualify for self-supporting employment; (11) any legal services program provided for under this title shall provide legal advice and legal representation to persons who are unable to afford the services of a private attorney, together with legal research and information, as appropriate to mobilize the assistance of lawyers or legal institutions, or combinations thereof, in furtherance of the cause of justice among persons PAGENO="0055" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 51 living in poverty. Projects involving legal advice and representation shall be carried on in a way that assures maintenance of a lawyer-client relationship consistent with the best standards of the legal profession. The Secretary shall establish procedures to assure that the principal local bar associations in the area to be served by any proposed project for legal advice and representation are afforded an adequate opportunity to submit comments and recommenda- tions on the proposal before it is approved or funded. Any legal services pro- gram shall be administered locally by a legal services board broadly repre- sentative of the community with at least one-third of its membership com- prised of representatives of the poor selected by the residents of the area to be served. Such legal services board shall be created `by the local community action board, if one exists, in the community to be served. (12) programs may be provided (1) which will provide work experience and on~the-job work training that will lead to permanent employment oppor- `tunities for those unemployed poor who have poor employment prospects and are unable, because of age or otherwise, to secure appropriate employment or `training assistance under other programs, (2) which, in addition to other services provided, will enable such persons to participate in projects for the betterment or beautification of the community or area served by the program, including without limitation activities which will contribute to the management, conservation, or development of natural resources, recreational areas, public parks, highways, and other lands, and (3) which are conducted in accordance with standards adequate to assure that the program is in the public interest and otherwise consistent with policies applicable under this Act for the protection of employed workers and the maintenance of basic rates of pay and other suitable conditions of employment. (b) The Secretary shall not approve a community action program to be carried out by an independent agency without the approval of a qualified community action board already serving an area unless he determines that- (1) `the proposed program is of a demonstration or experimental nature and does not conflict with any component program being carried on by the community action board; (2) the program is of such a nature as to be unsuitable for inclusion in the overall community action program, or (3) `the program is required to meet an urgent and temporary emergency need of the poor. (c) The Secretary may approve a community action program to be carried out by an independent agency without the approval of a qualified community action board in any area which is not served by a qualified community action board (or, if served `by such a board, the program meets the requirements of subsection (b)) and the proposed program would qualify as a component of a community action program. DEFINITION SEC. 413. For the purposes of this part, the `term "urban community" means an area determined by the Secretary, on the basis of the latest information available from the Bureau of the Census, to have a population of more than seventy-five thousand, except where `the Secretary, under authority of section 423, designates an area having a population of more than seventy-five thousand and less than one hundred and fifty `thousand as a rural area. PART C-RURAL COMMUNITY ACTIoN PROGRAMS QUALIFIED RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION BOARDS SEC. 421. A community action board shall be qualified to conduct, administer, or coordinate programs under this Act, or any other provision of law, only if- (a) `the membership of the board contains representatives of local govern- ment, social welfare and public service agencies, local school systems, the general public, cooperative extension services, technical action panels under rural community development, and representatives of the poor comprising at least one-third of the membership of `the board; (b) the representatives of the poor are selected by a process such as neighborhood `meetings in areas of concentration of poverty in which the poor participate to the greatest degree possible in light of the special problem of separation, isolation, and communication which prevail in rural areas. PAGENO="0056" 52 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEWPS OF 1967 APPROVAL OF COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS SEc. 422. Subject to the provisions of subsection (b), the Secretary may approve a community action program for support under this part if he deter- mines such program- (a) meets the requirements set forth in paragraphs (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), and (12) of section 412(a) and 412(b) (b) provides that any community action board operating within estab- lished county or municipal borders under a qualified overall board with broader geographical jurisdiction shall meet the requirements of section 521 and is given power to initiate and disapprove programs for that area. DEFINITION SEC. 523. For purposes of this part, the term "rural area" means any area determined by the Secretary, on the basis of the latest information available from the Bureau of the Census, to have a population of seventy-five thousand or less, except that in exceptional circumstances he may designate as a rural area any area having a population of less than one hundred and fifty thousand. PART D-ADMINISTRATION ALLOTMENTS TO STATES SEC. 531. (a) From the sums appropriated to carry out this title for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve the amount needed for carrying out sections 532 and 533. Not to exceed 2 per centum of the amount so reserved shall be allotted by the Secretary among Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands according to their re- spective needs for assistance under this title. Twenty per centum of `the amount so reserved shall be allotted among the States as `the Secretary shall determine. The remainder of the sums of the sums so reserved shall `be allotted among the States as provided in subsection (b). (b) Of the sums being allotted under this subsection- (1) one-third shall be all'otted by the `Secretary among the States so that the allotment to each State under this clause will be an amount which bears the same ratio to such one-third as the number of public assistance recipients in such State bears to `the total number of public assistance recipients in all the States; (2) one-third shall be allotted by him among the States so that the allot- ment to each State under this clause will be an am'oun't which bears the same ratio to such one-third as the annual average number of persons unem- ployed in such State bears to the annual average number of persons unem- ployed in all the States; and (3) the remaining one-third shall be allotted by him among the States so that the allotment to each State under this clause will be an amount which bears the same ratio to such `one-third as `the number of related children under eighteen years of age living in families with incomes of less than $1,000 in such State bears to the num'ber of related children under eighteen years of age living in families with incomes of less than $1,000 in all the States. (c) The Secretary shall divide each State's allotment under subsection (b) into two parts, one of which may be used only for urban community action pro- grams, and one of which may be used only for rural community action programs. Each such part shall bear the same ratio to the amount allotted as the urban population or rural population, as the case may be, of the `State bears to the population of the State, as determined on the basis of the best data available from the Bureau of `the Census. (d) The portion of any State's allotment under subsection (a) for a fiscal year which the Secretary determines will not be required for such fiscal year for carrying out this title shall be available for reallotment from time to time, on such dates during such year as the Secretary may fix, to other States in propor- tion to their original allotments for such year, but with such proportionate amount for any of such other States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum which the Secretary estimates such State needs and will be able to use for such year for carrying out this title; and the total of such reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts are not so PAGENO="0057" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 53 reduced: Provided, however, That any amount originally included in that part of the State's allotment reserved for use for urban community action programs may be used only for such programs when reallotted, and any amount originally included in that part of the State's allotment originally reserved for rural com- munity action programs may be used only for such programs when reallotted. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection during a year shall be deemed part of its allotment under subsection (a) for such year. (e) For the purposes of this section, the term "State" does not include Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS SEC. 532. The Secretary is authorized to make grants to, or to contract with, qualified community action boards to pay part or all of the costs of develop- ment of community action programs. FINANCIAL ASSI5TANCE FOR CONDUCT AND ADMINISTRATION OF COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS SEC. 533. (a) The Secretary is authorized to make grants to, or to contract with, qualified community action boards to pay part or all of the costs of com- munity action programs which have been approved by him pursuant to this title, including the cost of carrying out programs which are components of a community action program and which are designed to achieve the purposes of this title, except that where the Secretary approves a program under section 512(c) he may make grants to, or contract with, public or private nonprofit agencies to pay part or all of such programs. (b) No grant or contract authorized under this title may provide for general aid to elementary or secondary education in any school or school system, or provide for any preschool or early-school program, whether or not designed to prepare educationally deprived children. (c) In determining whether to extend assistance under this section the Sec- retary shall consider among other relevant factors the incidence of poverty within the community and within the areas or groups to be affected by the specific program or programs, and the extent to which the applicant is in a position to utilize efficiently and expeditiously the assistance for which application is made. In determining the incidence of poverty the Secretary shall consider information available with respect to such factors as: the concentration of low-income fami- lies, particularly those with children; the extent of persistent unemployment and underemployment; the number and proportion of persons receiving cash or other assistance on a needs basis from public agencies or private organizations; the number of migrant or transient low-income families; school dropout rates, military service rejection rates, and other evidences of low educational attain- ment; the incidence of disease, disability, and infant mortality; housing condi- tions; adequacy of community facilities and services; and the incidence of crime and juvenile delinquency. (d) In extending assistance under this section the Secretary is authorized to make grants for the payment of a reasonable allowance per meeting for attend- ance at community action agency board meetings or neighborhood community action council or committee meetings and for the reimbursement of other neces- sary expenses of attendance at such meetings to members of such boards, coun- cils. or committees who are residents of the areas and members of the groups served in order to insure and encourage their maximum feasible participation in the development, conduct, and administration of community action programs: Provided, however, That no such payments shall be made for attendance at more than two meetings in a month, or to any person who is an employee of the United States Government, of a community action agency, or of a State or local governmental agency. (e) (1) In making grants for programs in the field of family planning the Secretary shall assure that family planning services, including the dissemina- tion of family planning information and medical assistance and supplies, are made available to all individuals who meet the criteria for eligibility for as- sistance under this part which have been established by the community action agency and who desire such information, assistance, or supplies. PAGENO="0058" 54 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (2) Not such grant shall be approved unless it contains and is supported by reasonable assurances that in carrying out any program assisted by any such grant, the applicant will establish and follow procedures designed to insure that- (A) no individual will be provided with any information, medical super- vision, or supplies which such individual states to be inconsistent with his or her moral, philosophical, or religious beliefs, and (B) no individual will be provided with any medical supervision or sup- plies unless such individual has voluntarily requested such medical super- vision or supplies. (3) The use of family planning services provided by the applicant under such grant shall not be a prerequisite to the receipt of services from or participation in any other programs under this Act. (f) In extending assistance under this section, the Secretary shall require that community action boards- (1) adopt administrative standards and regulations governing employee's wages, benefits, and actions in performance of duty; (2) insure that employees are informed of (and abide by) laws, regula- tions, and such standards as set out per subsection (1) which relate to the performance of their duties; (3) insure that no official or employee being paid out of sums appropriated for this Act shall in any way participate in connection with performance of their duties in picketing, protesting, or other related activities in violation of the law. TECHNICAL A55I5TANOE SEC. 534. The Secretary is authorized to provide (1) technical assistance to communities in developing, conducting, and administering community action programs, and (2) training for specialized personnel needed to develop, conduct, or administer such programs or to provide services or other assistance there- under through grants to, or contracts with, qualified community action boards, or, in communities not served by such a board, through grants to or contracts with public or private, nonprofit agencies. SEc. 535. The Secretary is authorized to conduct, or to make grants to ~r enter into contracts with institutions of higher education or other appropriate public agencies or private organizations for the conduct of research and demon- stations pertaining to the purposes of this part. Expenditures under this section in any fiscal year shall not exceed 5 per centum of the sums appropriated or allocated for such year to carry out the purposes of this part. No grant or contract for a research or demonstration project shall be made under this section except pursuant to an overall plan setting forth specific objectives to be achieved under this section and setting forth priorities among such objec- tives. Such plan, to the extent it contemplates activities or programs that may be undertaken by other Federal agencies or the making of grants or contracts that might be made by other Federal ageucies having demonstration and research responsibilities, shall be approved by the Secretary only after consultation with such agencies. The Secretary shall include as part of the annual report required by section 1105 or as a separate and simultaneous report, a description of the principal research and demonstration activities undertaken during each fiscal year under this part, a statement indicating the relation of such activities to the plan and the policies of this Act, and a statement with r~spect to each such category, describing the results or findings of such research and demonstration activities, or indicating the time or period, and to the extent possible the man- ner, in which the benefits or expected benefits of such activities will or are expected to be realized. The Secretary shall require that all applications or pro- posals for research or demonstrations shall be filed with the Assistant Secretary who shall review and make recommendations with respect thereto within fifteen days from the date of filing. LIMITATIONS ON FEDERAL ASSISTANCE SEc. 536. (a) Assistance pursuant to sections 532 and 533 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and for each fiscal year thereafter shall not exceed 80 per centum of the costs referred to in those sections, respectively, unless the Sec- retary determines, pursui~tnt to regulations adopted and promulgated by him establishing objective criteria for such determinations, that assistance in excess of such perc~entages is required in furtherance of the purposes of this title. Non- PAGENO="0059" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 55 Federal contributions may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including, but not limited to, plant, equipment, and services. (b) The Secretary is authorized to prescribe regulations establishing objective criteria pursuant to which assistance may be reduced below 80 per centum for such community action programs or components as have received assistance under section 533 for a period prescribed in such regulations. (c) The expenditures or contributions made from non-Federal sources for a community action program or component thereof shall be in addition to the ag- gregate expenditures or contributions from non-Federal sources which were be- ing made for similar purposes prior to the extension of Federal assistance. The requirement imposed by the preceding sentence shall be subject to such regula- tions as the Secretary may adopt and promulgate establishing objective criteria for determinations covering situations where a literal application of such require- ment would result in unnecessary hardship or otherwise be inconsistent with the purposes sought to be achieved. PARTICIPATION OF STATE AGENCIES SEC. 537. (a) The Secretary shall establish procedures which will facilitate effective participation of the States in community action programs including, but not limited to, consultation with appropriate State agencies on the development, conduct, and administration of such programs. (b) The Secretary is authorized to make grants to, or to contract with, ap- propriate State agencies for the payment of the expenses of such agencies in providing technical assistance to communities in developing, conducting and administering community action programs. (c) In carrying out the provisions of this title, no contract, agreement, grant, loan, or other assistance shall be made with, or provided to, any State or local public agency or any private institution or organization for the purpose of carrying out any program, project, or other activity within a State unless a plan setting forth such proposed contract, agreement, grant, loan, or other assistance has been submitted to the Governor of the State, and such plan has not been disapproved by the Governor within thirty days of such submission, or, if so disapproved, has been reconsidered by the Secretary and found by him to be fully consistent with the provisions and in furtherance of the purposes of this title: Provided, however, That this section shall not apply to contracts, agreements, grants, loans; or other assistance to any institution of higher education in exist- ence on the date of the approval of this Act. QUALIFIED COMMUNITY ACTION BOARDS SEC. 538. The Secretary shall certifly the name and area served by each board which is a community action board as defined in section 511 and which he finds to be competent to carry out the functions assigued qualified community action boards by any provision of this Act. PART E-VOLUNTARY ASSISTANCE PRoon~M FOR NEEDY CHILDREN STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 541. The purpose of this part is to allow individual Americans to partic- ipate in a personal way in this opportunity crusade, by voluntarily assisting in the support of one or more needy children, in a program coordinated with city or county social welfare agencies. AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH INFORMATION CENTER SEC. 542. (a) In order to carry out the purposes of this part, the See~retary is authorized to establish a section within the Department to act as an information and coordination center to encourage voluntary assistance for deserving and needy children. (b) The Secretary shall appoint an administrator whose full-time duty shall be to give effect to this program. (c) It is the intent of the Congress that the section established pursuant to this part shall act solely as an information and coordination center and that nothing in this part shall be construed as interfering with the jurisdiction of State and local welfare agencies with respect to programs for needy children. PAGENO="0060" 56 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 PART F--STATE BONUS COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 551. It is the purpose of this part to provide assistance to the States to enable them to join as partners with the Federal Government in programs car- ried out under this title. ALLOTMENTS TO STATES SEC. 552. (a) From the sums available to carry out this part for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall allot to each State an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount being alloted as the amount allotted such State under section 531 (other than subsection (d) thereof) bears to the amount allotted all the States under such section for such fiscal year. (b) The portion of any State's allotment under subsection (a) for a fiscal year which the Secretary determines will not be required for such fiscal year for carrying out this part shall be available for reallotment from time to time, on such dates during such year as the Secretary may fix, to other States in proportion to their original allotments for such year, but with such proportionate amount for any of such other States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum which the Secretary estimates such State needs and will be able to use for such year for carrying out this part; and the total of such reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts are not so reduced. STATE PLANS SEC. 553. (a) Any State which desires to receive a grant under this part shall submit to the Secretary a State plan which- (1) provides for the creation of a State office of economic opportunity (hereinafter referred to as the "State agency") which shall be the sole State agency responsible for carrying out the State plan; (2) provides that in formulating its program to be carried out under this part, priority shall be given programs to meet the special needs of the State; (3) provides for carrying out, or supplementing the financing of, com- inunity action programs which are eligible for assistance under other parts of this title, but are not being, or are being inadequately assisted there- under; (4) provides for the establishment of a commission in the State to make a study to determine means by which programs carried on under this title may be effectively coordinated with other local, State, and Federal pro- grams, and to report its recommendations to the State agency within one year; (5) provides that the State agency will make such reports to the Secrc- tary, in such form and containing such information, as may reasonably be necessary to enable the Secretary to perform his duties under this part and will keep such records and afford such access thereto as the Secretary finds necessary to assure the correctness and verification of such reports; (6) provides such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of and accounting for Federal funds paid to the State under this part; (7) provides for the establishment of a program to insure that salaries of professional staff personnel shall be reasonable with due consideration of salary incomes of said individuals in previous employment. (b) The Secretary may approve any State plan which meets the require- ments of subsection (a), but he shall not finally disapprove any State plan sub- mitted under this part, or any modification thereof, without first affording the State agency reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing. PAYMENTS SEC. 554. (a) The Secretary shall pay to each State which has a plan ap- proved under this part, from its allotment under section 552, an amount equal to the expenditures of the State in carrying out such plan. Such payments shall be made in advance on the basis of estimates by the Secretary; and may be m~tde in such installments as the Secretary may determine, after making appro- priate adjustments to take account of previously made overpayments or under- payments. PAGENO="0061" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 57 (b) The Federal share for each State shall be 50 per centum, except that with respect to expenditures on account of the State commiOsion provided for in sec- tion 553(a) (4), the Federal share shall be 90 per centum. OPERATION OF STATE PLANS; HEARINGS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW SEC. 555. (a) Whenever the Secretary, after reasonable notice and oppor- tunity for hearing to the State agency administering a State plan approved under this part, finds that- (1) the State plan has been so changed that it no longer complies with the provisions of section 553, or (2) in the administration of the plan there is a failure to comply sub- stantially with such provision, the Secretary shall notify such State agency that no further payments will be made to the State under this part (or in his discretion, that further payments to the State will be limited to programs under or portions of the State plan not affected by such failure), until he is satisfied that there will no longer be any failure to comply. Until he is so satisfied, no further payments may be made to such State under this part (or payments shall be limited to programs under or portions of the State plan not affected by such failure). (b) A State agency dissatisfied with a final action of the Secretary under section 553 or subsection (a) of this section may appeal to the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located, by filing a petition with such court within sixty days after such final action. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary, or any officer designated by him for that purpose. The Secretary thereupon shall file in the court the record of the proceedings on which he based his action, as provided in section 2112 of title 28, United States Code. Upon the filing of such petition, the court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the action of the Secretary or to set it aside, in whole or in part, temporarily or permanetly, but until the filing of the record, the Secretary may modify or set aside his order. The findings of the Secretary as to the facts, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be con- clusive, but the court, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Sec- retary to take futher evidence, and the Secretary may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and may modify his previous action, and shall file in the court the record of the further proceedings. Such new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence. The judg- ment of the court affirming or setting aside, in whole or in part, any action of the Secretary shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28, United States Code. The commencement of proceedings under this subsection shall not, unless so specifically order by the court, operate as a stay of the Sec- retary's action. PART G-ATJTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION SEC. 561. The Secretary shall carry out the programs provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1068, `and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purpose of carrying out this title (other than part F) there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $450,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1068. For the purpose of carrying out part F of this title there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $100,000,000 for such fiscal year. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1069, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1070, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE VI-VOLTJNTEERS IN SERVICE TO AMERICA STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 601. It is the purpose of this title to enable and encourage volunteers to participate in a personal way in the war on poverty by living and working among deprived people of all ages in urban areas, rural communities, on Indian reserva- tions, in migrant worker camps, and Residential Skill Centers; to stimulate, develop, and coordinate programs of volunteer training and service; and, through such programs, to encourage individuals from all walks of life to make a com- mnitment to combating poverty in their home communities, both as volunteers and as members of the helping professions. PAGENO="0062" 58 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH VISTA PROGRAM SEc. 602. (a) The Secretary of health, Education, and Welfare (hereinafter in this title referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to recruit, select, train and- (1) upon request of State or local agencies or private nonprofit organiza- tions, refer volunteers to perform duties in furtherance of programs combat- ing poverty at a State or local level; and (2) in cooperation with other Federal, State, or local agencies involved, assign volunteers to work (A) in meeting the health, education, welfare, or related needs of Indians living on reservations, of migratory workers and their families, or of residents of the District of Columbia, the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; (B) in the care and rehabilitation of the mentally ill or mentally retarded under treatment at nonprofit mental health or mental retardation facilities assisted in their construction or op- peration by Federal funds; and (C) in connection with programs or activities authorized, supported, or of a character eligible for assistance under this Act. (b) The referral or assignment of volunteers under this section shall be on such terms and conditions (including restrictions on political activities that ap- propriately recognize the special status of volunteers living among the persons or groups served by programs to which they have been assigned) as the Secre- tary may determine; but volunteers shall not be so referrd or assigned to duties or work in any State, or shall programs under section 605 be conducted in any State without the consent of the Governor. SEc. 603. The Secretary is authorized to provide to all volunteers during training pursuant to section 602(a) (2) such stipend, not to exceed $50 per month (or, in the case of volunteer leaders designated in accordance with stand- ards prescribed by the Secretary not to exceed $75 per month) such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation (includes travel to and from place of training), supplies, equipment, subsistence, clothing, and health and dental care as the Secretary may deem necessary or appropriate for their needs. APPLIcATIoN OF PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL LAW SEC. 604. (a) Each volunteer under section 602 shall take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the form prescribed by section 121 (d) of this Act, and the provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code, shall be applicable with respect to such oath or affirmation; but except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, such volunteers shall not be deemed to be Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, and Federal employee benefits. (b) All volunteers during training pursuant to section 602(a) and such volun- teers as are assigned pursuant to section 602 (a ): (2) shall be deemed Federal employees to the same extent as trainees in Residential Skill Centers under sec- tion 215 of this Act, except for purposes of the computation described in para- graph (2) (B) of section 215 the monthly pay of a volunteer shall be deemed to be that received under the entrance salary for GS-7 of the General Schedule of section 5332, title 5, United States Code. (c) For the purposes of subchapter III, chapter 73 of title V of the United States Code, a volunteer under this title shall be deemed to be a person em- ployed in the executive branch of the Federal Government. SPECIAL PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS SEC. 605. (a) The Secretary is authorized to conduct, or to make grants, con- tracts, or other arrangements with appropriate public or private nonprofit or- ganizations for the conduct of special programs in furtherance of the puposes of this title. Such programs shall be designed to encourage more effective or better coordinated use of volunteer services, including services of low-income per- sons, or to make opportunities for volunteer experience available, under proper supervision and for appropriate periods, to qualified persons who are unable to make long-term commitments or who are engaged in or preparing to enter work where such experience may be of special value and in the public interest. In- dividuals who serve or receive training in such programs shall not, by virtue of such service or training, be deemed to be Federal employees and shall not be PAGENO="0063" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 59 subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal employment, including those related to hours of work, rates of compensation, and Federal employee benefits; except that such individuals who receive their principal support or compensation with respect to such service or training directly from the Secretary or his agent for payment shall be deemed Federal employees to the same extent as volunteers assigned pursuant to section 602(a) (2) of this Act. Not to exceed 15 per centuni of the sums appropriated or allocated from any appropriation to carry out htis title for any fiscal year may be used for programs under this subsection. HOMETOWN VISTA Suc. 600. (a) The Secretary shall also carry out a program under which per- sons shall be permitted to volunteer under this title for service in the com- munity in which they reside at the time of enrollment. (.b) Under this program, such volunteers should, to the extent possible, be trained and oriented in those fields of service which the community action board recommended as being most beneficial to the community. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS SEc. 607. (a) Primary responsibility for carrying out this title shall be vested by the Secretary in the agency in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare having primary responsibility for carrying out community action programs. (b) The program provided for in this title shall be considered a continua- tion of the program provided for in title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; and any order, rule, regulation, right, agreement, or application in effect under such title immediately prior to the effective date of this Act shall continue in effect to the same extent as if this section had not been enacted. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION SEC. 608. The Secretary shall carry out the program provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purpose of carrying out this title, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $26,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE VII-HEAD START AND EARLY YEARS PROGRAMS PART A-GENRRAL ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS SEC. 701. (a) From the funds appropriated to carry out this title for each h, fiscal year, the Commissioner shall reserve such amount, but not in excess of 3 per centum thereof, as he may determine and shall allot such amount among the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American `Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, according to their respective needs under this title. From the remainder of such sums the Commissioner shall make allotments among the States as follows: (1) he shall allot for each State an amount which `bears the same ratio to 50 per centum of such remainder as the number of children aged three to eight, inclusive, in the State bears to the number of such children in all the States, and (2) he shall allot for each State an amount which bears the same ratio to 50 per centum of such remainder as the number of families having an annual income of less than $3,000 in the State bears to the number of such families in all the States. For the purpose of this subsection, the term "State" does not include the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa and the Virgin Islands. (b) The number of children aged three to eight, inclusive, and the number of families having an annual income of less than $3,000 in a State, and in all the States, shall be determined by the Commissioner on the `basis of the most recent satisfactory data available to him. PAGENO="0064" 60 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (c) The amount allotted for any State under subsection (a) for any fiscal year which the Commissioner determines will not be required for the period for which that amount is available shall be availa~le for reallotinent from time to time, on such dates during that period as the Commissioner may fix, among other States in proportion to the amounts originally allotted among those States under subsection (a) for that year, but with the proportionate amount for any of the other States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum the Commissioner estimates that State needs and will be able to use for that period; and the total of these reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts were not so reduced. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection from funds appropriated pursuant to section 701 for any fiscal year shall be deemed to be a part of the amount allotted to it under subsection (a) for that year. USES OF FEDERAL FUNDS SEe. 702. Grants under this title may be used, in accordance with applica- tions approved under section 705 for- (a) planning for and taking other steps leading to the development of preschool and early elementary school programs for economically deprived children, as described in paragraph (b) including pilot projects designed to test the effectiveness of plans so developed; and (b) the establishment, maintenance, and operation of programs, including the lease or rental of necessary facilities and the acquisition of necessary equipment and supplies, designed to provide preschool education for eco- nomically deprived children and followup programs for such children in the first three grades of elementary school, including activities and services such as- (1) comprehensive health services and special medical and dental assistance for children needing such assistance in order to profit fully from their educational opportunities; (2) food and nutritional services, including family consultations to improve nutrition in the home environment; (3) specialized social services designed to improve the home environ- ments of such children and to involve parents in the educational process: (4) the provision of special teachers, counseling personnel. and other services and programs for economically deprived children in the first three grades of elementary school to maintain the advances realized in preschool programs and to assist such children to overcome educational handicaps; and (5) other specially designed health, social, and educational programs for economically deprived children both in school and out of school (including summer, weekend, and vacation programs), which meet the purposes of this title. STATE CoMMIssIONS AND PLANS SEC. 703. (a) Any State desiring to participate in the grant program under this t.itle shall designate (or create) for that purpose a State agency which is broadly representative of public and private education (including the State educational agency), community action boards established under title III of this Act, and public and private child welfare and health agencies in the State, and submit to the Commissioner through the agency so designated or created (hereinafter in this title referred to as the "State commission"), a State plan for such partici- pation. The Commissioner shall approve any such plan which- (1) provides that it shall be administered by the State commission: (2) sets forth objective standards and methods for determining the school attendance areas in the State having the highest concentrations of economi- cally deprived children, and a method for determining the highest priorities for preschool and early elementary school programs among such areas; (3) provides (A) for assigning priorities solely on the basis of such criteria, standards, and methods to eligible programs submitted to the State commission and deemed by it to be otherwise approvable under the provisions of this title, and (B) for approving and recommending to the Commissioner, in order of such priority, applications covering such eligible programs: PAGENO="0065" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 61 (4) provides for affording to every applicant which has submitted a pro- gram to the State commission an opportunity for a hearing as to any deter- mination of the State commission adversely affecting such applicant; and (5) provides (A) for such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement and accounting for Fed- eral funds paid to the State commission under this title, and (B) for the making of such reports, in such form and containing such information, as may be reasonably necessary to enable the Commissioner to perform his functions under this title. (b) The Commissioner is authorized to expend not exceeding $5,000,000 during each of the fiscal years of this program under this title in such amounts as he may consider necessary for the proper and efficient administration of the State plans approved under this title, including expenses which he determines were necessary for the preparation of such plans. APPLICATIONS FOR GRANTS AND CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL SEC. 704. (a) Applications for grants under this title may be submitted by (1) community action boards, (2) local educational agencies with the approval of a community action board, or (3) a local educational agency in an area where there is no established community aëtion board, at such time or times and in such manner as may be required by or pursuant to regulation for the purpose of enabling the Commissioner to make determinations required of him under this title. (b) The Commissioner shall approve an application which- (1) has been approved and recommended by the State commission; (2) has been assigned, in accordance with the State plan, a priority that is higher than that of all other applications within such State (chargeable to the same allotment) which meet all the requirements of this section (other than this clause) and for which Federal funds have not yet been reserved; (3) provides that the funds under this title will be administered by the applicant agency and that at least 10 per centum of the cost of the program (which may be in the form of goods, services, or the reasonable rental value of facilities) shall be `met from non-Federal funds in administering this subsection. The value of buildings, facilities, equipment and other in-kind contributions from non-Federal sources shall be assessed and appropriately credited as part of the non-Federal contribution required herein; (4) sets forth a program for carrying out the purposes described in section 703 and provides for such methods of administration as are necessary for the proper and efficient operation of the program; (5) provides assurances that in the planning of such program there has been, and in the carrying out of such program there will be, active participa- tion of parents of economically deprived children in the areas to be served; (6) provides satisfactory assurances that the educational program will be carried out by public or nonprofit private agencies possessing educational capabilities necessa:ry to the success of the program; (7) provides, with respect to any program carried out by a local educa- tional agency, that adequate methods are employed to involve eligible children in the area served by such program who attend nonpublic schools, and that in no case shall economically deprived children in such area be denied the benefits of the program because of their `attendance in nonpublic schools; (8) in `the event that, in the opinion of the Commissioner, State consti- tutional, legislative, or administrative restriction prevent full participation of private agencies or organizations in the operation of Headstart or Early Years programs under this title, the Comnniissioner shall withhold the alloca- tion provided for that State until a satisfactory plan and implementation meet the requirements of the Commissioner. In the absence of such satis- factory plan or implementation, the Commissioner is authorized to make grants from such State allocation directly to community action boards in order that Headstart and Early Years programs may be provided by contract arrangements or otherwise; (9) provides satisfactory assurances that in the administering of pro- grams provided for herein, there shall be no discrimination, among adminis- trators, teachers, employees, or student participants, on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin; 80-084 0-67-pt. 1-5 PAGENO="0066" 62 ECONOMIC OPP0RTUNI~ ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (10) in the event that, in the opinion of the Commissioner, a State plan or the implementation of a State plan fails or will fail to meet the needs of eligible children without regard to race, color, sex, religion, or national origin, in the operation of Ileadstart or Early Years programs provided herein, the Commissioner shall withhold the allocation provided for that State until a satisfactory plan and implementation meet the requirements of the Commissioner. In the absence of such satisfactory plan or implem.ent,a~ tion, the Commissioner is authorized to make grants from such State alloa- tion directly to community action boards in order that Headstart and Early Years programs may be provided on an equitable basis by contract arrange- ments or otherwise. (11) provides for such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of and accounting for Federal funds paid to the applicant under this title: and (12) provides for making such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Commissioner may reasonably require to carry out his functions under this title and to determine the effectiveness of the program in meeting the purposes of `the title, and for keeping such records and affording such access to as the Commissioner may find necessary to assure the verification of such reports. (c) Amendments of applications shall, except as the Commissioner may otherwise provide by or pursuant to regulations, be subject to approval in the same manner as original applications. (d) During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the Commissioner may ap- prove applications of eligible agencies in those States for which there is no ap- proved State plan, providing that the application meets all the requirements of this title except those relating to a State plan, and for any fiscal year thereafter the Commissioner may. in like manner approve applications in any State which has failed to designate or create a State commission. PAYMENTS SEC. 705. (a) From the amounts allotted to each State under section 701 the Commissioner shall pay to each applicant in that State which has an application approved under this title an amount (subject to the requirements of section 704(h) (3)) equal to the total sums expended by the applicant under the appli- cation for the purposes set forth therein. (b) Payments under this title may be made in installments and in advance or by way of reimbursement. with necessary adjustments on account of overpay- ments or underpayments. (c) The Commissioner shall immediately cut off funds to any applicant agency when he determines that such agency is not complying with the conditions for grant approval in section 704(b). (d) Payments made under this title are to be considered and treated by the State commission as Federal funds and shall be kept entirely separate from any State funds. ADVISORY COMMITTEE SEC. 706. (a) The Commissioner shall estajlish in the Office of Education an Advisory Committee on preschool and early elementary programs, consisting of the Commissioner, who shall be chairman, and eight members appointed, with- out regard to the civil service laws, by the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary. (b) The Advisory Committee shall advise the Commissioner in the preparation of general regulations and with respect to policy matters arising in the adminis- tration of this title, including the development of criteria for approval of appli- cations thereunder. The Commissioner may appoint such special advisory and technical experts and consultants as may be useful in carrying out the functions of the Advisory Committee. (c) Members of the Advisory Committee sl1all, while serving on the business of the Advisory Committee, be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed ~y the Secretary, but not exceeding $100 per day, including travel time; and, while so serving away from their homes or regular places of business, they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (3 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently. PAGENO="0067" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 63 BONUS GRANTS SEC. 707. (a) In addition to the sums authorized to be appropriated ~y sec- tion 711, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and for each of the three succeeding fiscal years for increasing the amount available to States making an additional effort. (b) A State's allotment under section 701 for a fiscal year, shall be increased, through the use of funds appropriated under this section, by an amount equal to 50 per centum of the aggregate amount by which expenditures made during the fiscal year Xy applicants in the State for carrying out programs described in their applications exceeded 120 per centum of the State's allotment (including any reallotment) for such year. (c) In the event the sums appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this sec- tion are less than the amount necessary to make all the increases in allotments required by subsection (b), the amount of each increase under subsection (b) shall be reduced pro rata. DEFINITIONS SEC. 708. As used in this title- (1) "economically deprived children" means children of families having an annual incOme (as determined by the State commission pursuant to cri- teria established by the Commissioner) insufficient to provide a home en- vironment conducive to learning, or who are recipients of aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved under title IV of the Social Security Act, except that, in no case shall a local educational agency or a private nonprofit school be required to apply an income test to establish the eligibilty of elementary school children in need of the services provided under this title; (2) "the first three grades of elementary school" may in addition include kindergarten school in those areas in which kindergarten is provided as a part of a program of free, public education; and (3) "community action board" means an agency established and funded pursuant to title V of this Act. AUTHORIZATION SEC. 709. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to make grants pursuant to the provisions of this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the three succeeding fiscal years, for the purpose of assisting State commissions to arrange for the conduct of preschool and early elementary school programs for economically deprived children and for the funding of such programs. (b) The Commissioner shall carry out the programs provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purpose of carrying out this title there is hereby authorized the sum of $475,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 19fi9, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE VIII-RURAL LOANS AND MIGRANT AND SEASONAL WORKER PROGRAMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 801. It is the purpose of this title to provide a separate program of specialized assistance to residents of rural areas relying substantially on agri- cultural pursuits for income, who show promise of maintaining their livelihood in agriculture, or, with the liberalized benefits provided herein, show promise of ability to supplement their income or maintain or support themselves in non- agricultural enterprises. PART A-RURAL LOANS FAMILY LOANS SEC. 811. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter in this part referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized, acting through the Farmers Home Adminis- tration, to make loans having a maximum maturity of fifteen years and in amounts not exceeding $3,500 outstanding at any one time to any low-income rural PAGENO="0068" 64 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 family where, in the judgment of the Secretary, such loans have a reasonable possibility of effecting a permanent increase in the income of such families by assisting or permitting them to- (1) acquire or improve real estate or reduce encumbrances or erect im- provements thereon, (2) operate or improve the operation of farms not larger than family sized, including but not limited to the purchase of feed, seed, fertilizer, livestock, poultry, and equipment, or (3) participate in cooperative associations; and/or to finance nonagri- cultural enterprises which will enable such families to supplement their income. (b) Loans under this section shall be made only if the family is not qualified to obtain such funds by loan under other Federal programs. (c) In carrying out this part in areas served by qualified community action boards, the Secretary shall utilize the services of such boards in developing programs under this part. COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS SEC. 812. The Secretary is authorized to make loans to local cooperative asso- ciations furnishing essential processing, purchasing, or marketing services, sup- plies, or facilities predominantly to low-income rural families. LIMITATIONS OF ASSISTANCE SEC. 813. No financial or other assistance shall be provided under this part unless the Secretary determines that- (a) the providing of such assistance will materially further the purposes of this part, and (b) in the case of assistance provided pursuant to section 812, the ap- plicant is fulfilling or will fulfill a need for services, facilities, or activities which is not otherwise being met. LOAN TERMS AND CONDITIONS SEC. 814. Loans pursuant to sections 811 and 812 shall have such terms and conditions as the Secretary shall determine, subject to the following limitations- (a) there is reasonable assurance of repayment of the loan (b) the credit is not otherwise available on reasonable terms from private sources or other Federal, State, or local programs; (c) the amount of the loan, together with other funds available, is adequate to assure completion of the project or achievement of the purposes for which the loan is made; (d) the loan bears interest at a rate not less than (1) a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding Treasury obligations of comparable maturity, plus (2) such additional charge, if any, toward covering other costs of the program as the Treasury may determine to be consistent with its purposes; (e) with respect to loans made pursuant to section 812 the loan is repay- able within not more than thirty years; and (f) no financial or other assistance shall be provided under this part to, or in connection with, any corporation or cooperative organization for the pro- duction of agricultural commodities or for manufacturing purposes: Pro- vktcd, That packing, canning, cooking, freezing, or other processing used in preparing or marketing edible farm products, including dairy products, shall not be regarded as manufacturing merely by reason of the fact that it results in the creation of a new or different substance. REVOLVING FUND SEc. 815. (a) To carry out the lending and guaranty functions authorized under this title, the revolving fund created by section 600 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 is continued in existence The capital of the fund shall consist of such amounts as may be advanced to it by the Director or the Secretary from funds appropriated to carry out the title and shall remain available until expended. (b) The Secretary shall pay into miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury, at the close of each fiscal year, interest on the capital of the fund at a rate deter- PAGENO="0069" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 65 mined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding Treasury obligations of comparable maturity during the last month of the preceding fiscal year. Interest payments may be deferred with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, but any interest payments so deferred shall themselves bear interest. (c) Whenever any capital in the fund is determined by the Secretary to be in excess of current needs, such capital shall be credited to the appropriation from which advanced, where it shall be held for future advances. (d) Receipts from any lending and guaranty operations under this Act (except operations carried on by the Small Business Administration) shall be credited to the fund. The fund shall be available for the payment of all expenditures of the Secretary for loans, participations, and guaranties authorized under this title of this Act. PART B-ASSISTANCE FOR MIGRANT AND OTHER SEASONALLY EMPLOYED AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEES AND THEIR FAMILIES DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS SEC. 821. (a) The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (hereinafter in this part referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to develop and imple- ment programs of loans, loan guarantees, and grants to assist State and local agencies, private nonprofit institutions, and cooperatives in establishing, admin- istering, and operating programs which aid migratory workers and seasonal farm laborers and their families, by bettering or helping them to better their present living conditions and providing programs which develop individual skills for permanent employment as well as developing permanent employment possibilities. (b) The Secretary is authorized to make grants under this part to States to encourage them to develop a program, coordinated through regional arrangements or State compacts, to provide minimum standards of housing, sanitation, educa- tion, transportation, and other environmental conditions. (c) The Secretary is authorized to make grants under this part for special programs (1) that will operate on a mobile basis, following a migrant community through its entire seasonal flow, or (2) that provide return transportation and other appropriate assistance for migrants employed in seasonal operations who remain in an area after termination of their seasonal employment with the expectations of permanent employment, but are thereafter terminated from such employment. (d) From the sums appropriated or allocated to carry out this part, the Sec- retary may reserve up to $1,000,000 to be used to conduct a study of methods of decasualizing the labor market, including, but not limited to, studies of the mi- grant labor streams and alternate occupations for migrants which will effect considerable reductives in the distance traveled by the worker, of training pro- grams to adapt the worker to mechanized agricultural processes, and of training programs to prepare workers for complete removal from the migrant stream. PART C AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEC. 831. The programs provided for in this title shall be carried out during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the two succeeding fiscal years. For the purposes of carrying out part A of this title there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $16,000,000 and for the purpose of carrying out part B there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $27,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, such sums may be appropriated as the Con- gress may hereafter authorize by law. TITLE TX-SPECIAL SMALL BUSINESS LOANS AND INCENTIVES STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEC. 901. It is the purpose of this title to supplement the Human Investment Act of 1967 by assisting in the establishment, continuation, expansion, and strengthening of small business concerns owned by individuals who qualify under PAGENO="0070" 66 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 poverty standards set by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and to assist in the establishment, or expansion of small business concerns which, by the nature of their business, hold substantial and continuing promise of employing substantial numbers of individuals with inadequate backgrounds of educational experience or skills. SEC. 902. (a) The Administrator of the Small Business Administration is au- thorized to make, participate (on an immediate basis) in. or guarantee loans, re- payable in not more than fifteen years, to any small business concern (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (13 U.S.C. 632) and regulations issued thereunder), or to any qualified person seeking to establish such a concern, when he determines that such loans will assist in carrying out the purposes of this title with particular emphasis on employment of the long-term unemployed: Provided. however, That no such loans shall be made participated in, or guaranteed if the total of such Federal assistance to a single borrower outstanding at any one time would exceed $25,000. The Administrator of the Small Business Administration may defer payments on the principal of such loans for a grace period and use such other methods as he deems necessary and appropriate to assure the successful establishment and operation of such concern. The Administrator of the Small Business Administration may, in his discretion. as a condition of such financial assistance, require that the borrower take steps to improve his management skills by participating in a management training program approved by the Adminis- trator of the Small Business Administration. The Administrator of the Small Business Administration shall encourage, as far as possible the participation of the private business community in the program of assistance to such concerns. (b) The Administrator is authorized to make grants to or contract with, public or private nonprofit agencies, or combinations thereof, to pay all or part of the costs necessary to enable such agencies to provide screening, counseling, management guidance, or similar assistance with respect to persons or small business concerns which receive or may be eligible for assistance under subsec- tion (a). Financial assistance under this subsection shall be subject to the provi- sions of section 536 of this Act. LOAN TERMS AND CONDITIONS SEC. 903. Loans made pursuant to section 002 (including immediate participa- tion in and guaranties of such loans') shall have such terms and conditions as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration shall determine, subject to the following limitations- (a) there is reasonable assurance of repayment of the loan; (b) the financial assistance is not otherwise available on reasonable terms from private sources or other Federal, State, or local programs; (c) the amount of the loan, together with other funds available, is ade- quate to assure completion of the project or achievement of the purposes for which the loan is made; (d) the loan bears interest at a rate not less than (1) a rate deter- mined by the `Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding Treasury obligations of comparable maturity, plus (2) such additional charge, if any, toward covering other costs of the program as the Administrator of the Small Business Adminis- tration may determine to be consistent with its purposes: Provided, how- ever, That the rate of interest charged on loans made in redevelopment areas designated under the Area Redevelopment Act (42 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.) shall not exceed the rate currently applicable to new- loans made under section 6 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 2505) ; and (e) fees not in excess of amounts necessary to cover administrative expenses and probable losses may be required on loan guaranties. LIMITATION ON FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SEC. 904. No financial assistance shall be extended pursuant to this title where the Administrator of the Small Business Administration determines that the assistance will be used in relocating establishments from one area to another or in financing subcontractors to enable them to undertake work theretofore performed in another area by other subcontractors or contractors. PAGENO="0071" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 67 DURATION OF PROGRAM Snc. 905. The Admin!istrator of the Small Business Adn~inistratjon shall carry out the programs provided for in this title during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, and the three succeeding fiscal years. TITLE X-AUTOMATJON OF JOB OPPORTUNITy DATA SEC. 1001. Section 106 of the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 is amended to read as follows: "SEC. 10$. (a) The Secretary of Labor is directed, using every appropriate facility, to develop, compile, and make available information regarding skill requirements, occupational outlook, job opportunities, labor supply in various skills, and employment trends on a National, State, area, or other appropriate basis which shall be used in the educational, training, counseling, and place- ment activities performed under this Act. In the administration of this Act, the Secretary shall give the highest priority to performing the duties prescribed by this section with particular emphasis on identifying and publishing those occu- pations, skills, industries, and geographic areas in which the supply of qualified workers is insufficient to meet existing and foreseeable future needs. The sum of $5,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this subsection. "(b) The Secretary of Labor is further directed to develop and establish in the United States Employment Service a program for matching the qualifications of job applicants with employer requirements on a local, interarea, and nationwide basis. Such program shall be designed to provide a quick and direct means of communication among local offices of the Service in the interarea and nationwide referral, recruiting, and placement of unemployed and underemployed workers, and the referral of workers to industries which need them wherever located throughout the Nation. In the development of such program, the Service shall es- tablish a network utilizing electronic data processing and telecommunication sys- tems for the storage, retrieval, and communication of job and worker information. The sum of $20,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this subsection." SEC. 1002. Section 107 of said Act, as amended, is amended to read as follows: `SEC. 107. The Secretary of Labor shall make such reports and recommenda- tions to the President as are appropriate pertaining to manpower requirements, resources, use, and training; and the President shall transmit to the Congress within sixty days after the beginning of each regular session (commencing with the year 1968) a report pertaining to manpower requirements, resources, utiliza- tion, and training. Such reports shall contain a specific and detailed account of the administration, utilization, and operation of the functions and activities pre- scribed by secion 103 of this Act." TITLE XI-ADMINI5TRATJON AND COORDINATION* PART A REPEALERS; EFFECTIVE DATES SEC. 1101. (a) The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 is hereby repealed, effec- tive June 30, 1967. (b) This Act shall become effective June 30, 1967. (c) Notwithstanding subsection (a), during the period between June 30, 1967, and January 1, 1968, the authority granted under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 may continue to be utilized to the extent necessary to permit the orderly transformation of programs being carried on under that Act into pro- grams to be carried on under this Act. The authority to carry on a program under the Economic Oppotunity Act of 1964 until January 1, 1968, shall be exercised by time officer charged with carrying out a similar program under this Act. AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY SEC. 1102. In addition to the authority conferred upon him by other sections of this Act, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare is authorized, in carrying out his functions under this Act, to- PAGENO="0072" 68 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (a) appoint, without regard to the civil service laws, one or more advisory commfttees composed of such private citizens and officials of the Federal State, and local governments as he deems desirable to advise him with res- pect to his functions under this Act; and members of such committees, other than those regularly employed by the Federal Government, w-hile attending meetings of such committees or otherwise serving at the request of the Secre- tary, shall be entitled to receive compensation and travel expenses; (b) accept voluntary and uncompensated services, notwithstanding the provisions of section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665 (b)) (c) disseminate, without regard to the provisions of section 4154 of title 39, United States Code, data and information, in such form as he shall deem appropriate, to public agencies, private organizations, and the general public: (d) without regard to any other law or regulation, for rent of buildings and space in buildings and for repair, alteration, and improvement of build- ings and space in buildings rented by him; but the Secretary shall not utilize the authority contained in this subparagraph- (1) except when necessary to ol)tain an item, service, or facility, which is required in the proper administration of this Act, and which otherwise could not be obtained, or could not be obtained in the quantity or quality needed, or at the time, in the form, or under the conditions in which it is needed; and (2) prior to having written notification to the Administrator of Gen- eral Services (if the exercise of such authority would affect an activity which otherwise would be under the jurisdiction of the General Services Administration) of his intention to exercise such authority, the item, service, or facility with respect to which such authority is proposed to be exercised, and the reasons and justifications for the exercise of such authority. DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED SEC. 1103. In the administration of all programs operating in whole or in pmirt with funds authorized under this Act, no disrimination shall be permitted on the basis of a person's rate, color, religion, sex, or national origin. LABOR STANDARDS SEC. 1104. All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontrac- tors in the construction, alteration, or repair, including painting and decorating of projects, buildings, and works which are federally assisted under this Act shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on similar construction in the locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act, as amended (40 U.S.C. 276a-276a-5). The Secretary of Labor shall have, with respect to such labor standards, the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (15 P.R. 3176; 64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. 133-133z-15), and section 2 of the Act of June 13, 1934, as amended (48 Stat. 498, as amended; 40 U.S.C. 276(c)). REPORTS SEC. 1105. Not later than one hundred and twenty days after the close of each fiscal year, each officer charged with carrying out a program under this Act shall prepare and submit to the President for transmission to the Congress a full and complete report on the program he carries out for such fiscal year. DEFINITIONS SEC. 1106. As used in this Act: (a) The term "State" means a State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands, and for pur- poses of title II and part A of title V such term includes the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and the term "United States," when used in a geographical sense, includes the foregoing and all other places, continental or insular, including the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (b) The term "agency," unless the context requires otherwise, means depart- ment, agency, or other component of a Federal, State, or local government entity. PAGENO="0073" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 69 (c) The term "family," in the case of trainee in a Residential Skill Center means- (1) the spouse or child of a trainee, and (2) any other relative who draws substantial support from the trainee. (d) The term "local educational agency" means a public board of education or other public authority legally constituted within a State for either administrative control or direction of, or to perform a service function for, public elementary or secondary schools in a city, county, township, school district, or other political subdivision of a State, or such combination of school districts or counties as are recognized in a State as an administrative agency for its public elementary or secondary schools. Such term also includes any other public institution or agency having administrative control and direction of a public elementary or secondary school. (e) The term "secondary school" mean a day or residential school which pro- vides secondary education, as determined under State law, except that it does not include any education provided beyond grade 12. (f) The term "State educational agency" means the State board of education or other agency or officer primarily responsible for the State supervision of public elementary and secondary schools, or, if there is no such officer or agency, an officer or agency designated by the Governor or by State law. PREFERENCE TO COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS SEC. 1107. To the extent feasible and consistent with the provisions of law gov- erning any Federal program and with the purposes of this Act, the head of each Federal agency administering any Federal program is directed to give preference for any application for assistance or benefits which is made pursuant to or in connection with a community action program approved pursuant to title V of this Act. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES SEC. 1108. (a) No officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government shall make any inquiry concerning the political affiliation or belief of any person whose compensation is paid, in whole or in part, from sums appro- priated to carry out this Act. All disclosures concerning such matters shall be ignored, except as to such membership in political parties or organizations as constitutes by a law a disqualification for Government employment. No dis- crilnination shall be exercised, threatened, or promised by any person in the executive branch of the Federal Government against or in favor of any person whose compensation is paid, in whole or in part, from sums appropriated to carry out this Act because of his political affiliation or beliefs, except as may be spe- cifically authorized or required by law. (b) No person whose compensation is paid, in whole or in part, from sums appropriated to carry out this Act shall take an active part in political manage- ment, political campaigns, voter registration drives, or other political activities, and no such officer or employee shall use his official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering in any way with an election at any level of government or affecting the result thereof. All such persons shall retain the right to vote as they may choose and to express, in their private capacities, their opinions on all political subjects and candidates. This section shall not apply to officers or em- ployees of the United States. (c) No person whose compensation is paid, in whole or in part, from sums appropriated to carry out this Act shall, during hours for which he is compen- sated under this Act, engage in activity designed to influence other persons to join a labor union, or refrain from joining a labor union. (d) Whenever the United States Civil Service Commission finds that any person has violated subsection (b) or (c), it shall, after giving due notice and opportunity for explanation to the person concerned, certify the facts to the Director with specific instructions as to the discipline or dismissal or other corrective action. LIMITATION ON FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES SEC. 1109. The total administrative expenses, including the compensation of Federal employees, incurred by Federal agencies under the authority of this Act for any fiscal year shall not exceed 10 per centum of the amount authorized PAGENO="0074" 70 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 to be appropriated by this Act for that year: Provided, however, That grants, subsidies, and contributions, and payments to individuals other than Federal employees, shall not be counted as an administrative expense. PART B-COORDINATION OF ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAMS SEC. 1111. (a) In order to insure that all Federal programs related to the purposes of this Act are carried out in a coordinated manner- (1) the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare is authorized to call upon other Federal agencies to supply such statistical data, program reports, and other materials as he deems necessary to discharge his re- sponsibilities under this Act, and to assist the President in coordinating the antipoverty efforts of all Federal agencies; (2) Federal agencies which are engaged in administering programs re- lated to the purposes of this Act, or which otherwise perform functions re- lating thereto, shall (A) cooperate with the Secretary in carrying out his duties and responsibilities under this Act; and (B) carry out their pro- grams and exercise their functions in such manner as will, to the maximum extent permitted by other applicable law, assist in carrying out the pur- poses of this Act; and (3) the President may direct that particular programs and functions, in- cluding the expenditure of funds, of the Federal agencies referred to in paragraph (2) shall be carried out, to the extent not inconsistent with other applicable law, in conjunction with or in support of programs authorized under this Act. (b) In order to insure that all existing Federal agencies are utilized to the maximum extent possible in carrying out the purposes of this Act, no funds appropriated to carry out this Act shall be used to establish any new depart- ment or office when the intended function is being performed by an existing de- partinent or office. (c) It shall be the responsibility of the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the heads of all other departments and agencies concerned, acting through the President's Committee on Manpower, to provide for, and take such steps as may be necessary and appropriate to im- plement, the effective coordination of all programs and activities within the executive branch of the Government relating to the training of individuals for the purpose of improving or restoring employability. (d) The Secretary of Labor, pursuant to such agreements as may be necessary or appropriate (which may include arrangements for reimbursement), shall- (1) be responsible for assuring that the Federal-State employment service provides and develops its capacity for providing maximum support for the programs described in subsection (c) : and (2) obtain from the Secretary of Commerce, the. Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, and the head of any other Federal agency administer- ing a training program such employment information as will facilitate the placement of individuals being trained. INFORMATION CENTER SEC. 1112. (a) In order to insure that. all Federal programs related to the purposes of this Act are utilized to the maximum extent possil)le. and to insure that information concerning such programs and other relevant information is readily available in one place to public officials and other interested persons~ the Secretary is authorized as he deems appropriate to collect. prepare, analyze correlate, and distribute such information, either free of charge or by sale at cost (any funds so received to be deposited to the Secretary's account as an offset to such cost). and make arrangements and pay for any printing and binding without regard to the ~roviSw~~s of any other law or regulation. (b) The Secretary shall publish and maintain on a current basis, a catalog of Federal programs relating to individual and community improvement. The Secretary is further authorized to make grants from funds appropriated to carry out title V of this Act., to States and communities to establish information service centers for the collection, correlation, and distribution of information required to further the purposes of this Act. (c) In order to insure that all Federal programs related to the purnoses of this Act are utilized to the maximum possible extent, and in order to insure PAGENO="0075" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 71 that all appropriate officials are kept fully informed of such programs, the Sec- retary shall establish procedures to assure prompt distribution to States and local agencies of all current information, including administrative rules, regulations and guidelines, required by such agencies for the effective performance of their responsibilities. EVALUATION AND RE5EARCH REPORTS SEC. 1113. (a) All administrators of programs under this Act are directed to utilize to the fullest extent poSsible data retrieval systems and other advanced evaluative techniques. (b) Reports of all completed evaluations or research studies contracted for under authority of this Act, shall be made immediately available to Congress for review. PROHIBITION OF FEDERAL CONTROL SEC. 1114. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution or school system. TRANSFER OF FUNDS SEC. 1115. Notwithstanding any limitation on appropriations under any title of this Act, or any Act authorizing appropriations for any such title not to exceed 10 per centum of the amount appropriated or allocated from any appro- priation for the purpose of enabling the Secretary to carry out programs or activities under any such title may be transferred and used by the Secretary for the purpose of carrying out programs or activities under any other such title; but no such transfer shall result in increasing the amounts otherwise available under any title by more than 10 per centum. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PARTICIPATION SEC. 1116. The Secretary and the heads of any other Federal departments or agencies to which the conduct of programs described in this Act have been dele- gated shall take such steps as may be desirable and appropriate to insure that the resources of private enterprise are employed to the maximum feasible extent in the programs described in this Act. The Secretary and such other agency heads shall submit at least annually to the Congress a joint or combined report describing the actions taken and the progrOss made under this section. TITLE XII-TREATMENT OF INCOME FOR CERTAIN PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PURPOSES PUBLIC ASSISTANCE SEC. 1201. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of titles I, IV, X, XIV, XVI, and XIX of the Social Security Act, a State plan approved under any such title shall provide that- (1) the first $85 plus one-half of the excess over $85 of payments made to or on behalf of any person for or with respect to any month under title II, III, IV, or V of this Act or any program assisted under such title shall not be regarded (A) as income or resources of such person in determining his need under such approved State plan, or (B) as income or resources of any other individual in determining the need of such other individual under such approved State plan; (2) no payments made to or on behalf of any person for or with respect to any month under such title or any such program shall be regarded as in- come or resources of any other individual in determining the need of such other individual under such approved State plan except to the extent made available to or for the benefit of such other individual; and (3) no grant made to any family under title VIII of this Act shall be regarded as income or resources of such family in determining the need of any member thereof under such approved State plan. (b) No funds to which a State is otherwise entitled under title I, IV, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act for any period before July 1, 1965, shall be withheld by reason of any action taken pursuant to a State statute which pre- vents such State from complying with the requirements of subsection (a). PAGENO="0076" 72 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, Chairman PERKINS. The committee will come to order. A quorum is present. We have with us this morning Sargent Shriver, Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity. First, I wish to apologize about the schedule. Mrs. Green has done her best to take the higher education bill out of the Special Education Subcommittee but unexpectedly she was unable to move the bill over the weekend. So, she has called another meeting of the Special Educa- tion Subcommittee this afternoon. We have 15 members of this committee tied up on the Special Edu- cation Subcommittee considering the higher education bill. Time is of the essence in moving that bill. So, we will run here through the first quorum call today with Sargent Shriver and then we will let the wit- ness and his assistants stand by until after the subcommittee and the full committee mark up the higher education bill. We anticipate that the subcommittee may be able to move the bill tonight and the full committee in all probability tomorrow or the latest by Wednesday. I regret the interruption in the schedule but, as I stated there are many reasons why we need to move the higher education bill and time is of the essence. Mr. SOIIEUER. Mr. Chairman, on behalf of myself and several other members, in fact a fairly substantial number of members, I wish to express my deep unhappiness at the Office of Economic Opportunity coming over here and presenting us with hundreds and hundreds of pages of vital information immediately before the hea.ring. It cripples us severely in asking intelligent questions and nullifies to a large extent the very purpose of these hearings. We are entitled to this information a minimum of 48 hours before the commencement of the hearings. Our rules are transparently and unmistakenly clear on the subject. Mr. GIBBONS. Wait, that is not right. Mr. SCHEI3ER. It certainly is. Mr. GIBBONS. It is not right. The 48-hour rule that you refer to, Mr. Scheuer, pertains to executive sessions of the full committee when the committee is receiving a report from a subcommittee and does not pertain to receiving testimony from witnesses. Mr. SCIIEUER. We are supposed to have the testimony of any witness 48 hours before the start of a hearing. Chairman PERKINS. We are extremely pleased today to welcome to the committee the Honorable Sargent Shriver, Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity to explain to us provisions of the adminis- tration's proposals for extending and amending the Economic Op- portunity Act, as well as to give the committee benefit of efforts by the Office of Economic Opportunity to carry out the programs authorized by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. I want to personally ob- serve at this time that I believe the former Director of the Peace Corps, our distinguished witness today, Sargent Shriver has done an outstanding job of administering programs which truly open up new frontier of governmental effort to secure economic opportunity for millions of American citizens whose families have been literally on a cyclical treadmill of poverty. For many American families the proc- ess of technological change, automation, and the declining opportu- PAGENO="0077" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 73 nities on the farm accompanied by urbanization aiid centralization of population, has posed severe economic hardships that are handed down from generation to generation. The President as well as our leadoff witness today and many Mem- bers of Congress have recognized that the solution of economic dis- advantage in these millions of American families does not lie in the traditional approaches taken by government. New times and new problems demand imaginative new solutions. I believe that the pro- grams authorized under the Economic Opportunity Act because they are designed to turn welfare recipients into taxpaying citizens through programs designed to increase their earning capacity, will return to the treasury many times over in the years to come the funds expended to provide occupational training, education, health services, and other constructive benefits. As I have said I believe progress has been made in effectively administering the programs Congress first authorized in 1964. Because this was an entirely new program seeking novel ap- proaches to problems that had defied former methods of solution. I think it was reasonable to anticipate that there would be initiative ad- ministrative problems. I think for the most part the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity has done an extremely effective job in meeting and solving those problems as they arose. We are delighted to have you today Mr. Shriver and you may proceed in any manner you wish. Let me ask that members refrain to propose questions during the presentation with the assurance that on the conclusion of Mr. Shriver's testimony adequate time will be allotted for this purpose. The committee will recall Mr. Shriver at a suitable time if that should be necessary. The committee will recess at the appropriate time in order to afford the Special Subcommittee on Education adequate time to resume exe- cutive session to mark up the Higher Education Amendments of 1967. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, I feel particularly glad to have Mr. Shriver here this morning since we in Chicago claim him pretty much as our own although he has won the `admiration of the hearts of all the people all over the country because of the tremendous job he and his staff have done in giving thousands upon thousands of people in this country a completely new lease on life and a new hope. Recently some of my colleagues and I were in Chicago. We recall the late Mr. Hilliard told us during our discussions that he as director of public welfare in the county of Cook was able to remove 17,000 people from the public dole because of many of the programs that the Office of Economic Opportunity had brought to `Chicago, Cook County. I daresay while there are those who would like to tinker with this program today, history will show that indeed President Johnson and President Kennedy, had the vision, the understanding of the real need of our society. Sargent Shriver has put into meaningful action the great hopes that both President Kennedy and President Johnson had for this great democracy of ours. It is the first country in the world to try to reduce poverty to an absolute minimum. I think we are all privileged to have you here this morning to give us an accounting of your stewardship. I know that if the day ever comes when Sargent Shriver decides to leave this office whoever is going to PAGENO="0078" 74 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 follow him will have a tremendously difficult job because of the high standards of perfection that he has set for this office. Mr. DENT. Some of us want to praise Sargent Shriver, some of us want to bury him. I move the regular order so that we can proceed. Chairman PERKINS. Proceed, Sargent Sliriver. STATEMENT OP SARGENT SHRIVER, DIRECTOR, OYFICE OP ECONOMIC OPPORTUI~JITY Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Chairman, I am grateful for the comments which have just been made by you and by others. Before I proceed with my actual statement I would appreciate, if it is agreeable to you, to respond just `briefly to Congressman Scheuer's criticism. All the agencies of the Federal Government I think have some diffi- cult determining how much material to supply to various committees. I think the record will `show that `the bill H.R. 8311 on which I appear to testify was presented to the Congress on the 10th of April, some 2 months ago. The congressional presentation of my agency was submitted to the Congress last Thursday afternoon. It is true that everything is not in this folder. It is also true `that there is a great deal of information in this folder on each of the programs. We do not hold out, Congressman Scheuer, that everything you would want to irnow is in here but we are always trying to balance the amount of interest that the particular committee members will have against `total request of an individual member. Mr. SCHEUER. We just received all of this at this very moment. Mr. SHRIVER. This was delivered last week. This is not the whole story. Don't misunderstand me. We have a huge presentation just on the Job Corps which I hope we will have time to go into in some detail. We have a huge presenta- tion on Community Action and so forth. But the problem, as I was trying to say, is that we are continually confronted by how much to give. We thought that this was a good beginning at least which went into the program in some detail. The other material was made available this morning but it is much more than most members will want. I am not trying to claim that we do it right all the time but I am trying to say there was substantive and substantial amounts of infor- mation available more than 48 hours in advance of the hearing. This was delivered to the committee staff. The next time we will deliver it not only to the individual staff but to your individual offices. I am here, Mr. Chairman, in support of H.R. 8311 which would au- thorize $2.06 billion for continuation and expansion of the various programs which have been inaugurated by the Office of Economic Opportunity. Three years ago this committee of the House of Representatives shaped the legislation which began America's war against poverty. At that time I believe there was little understanding in this country about poverty. PAGENO="0079" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 75 Many people denied the existence of any substantial poverty within the borders of the United States. Many others said that even if poverty existed it really never could be eliminated, that the poor would always be with us. Experts in the field of economics and sociology and other fields dif- fered as to the causes of poverty and they differed as to the remedies that ought to be applied. But this committee in my judgment steered a firm and intetligent course through the shoals of disagreement and debate. Landmark legislation was developed and passed. Money was authorized and appropriated. The war on poverty was begun. No one at that time believed it was going to be a quick and easy victory. Members of Congress especially know how long and how ardu- ous are this Nation's struggles against the problems which beset it, the problems of farmers and small businesmen, the problems of labor and management, the problems of urban sprawl and rural abandonment, the problems of water and air pollution, the problems of railroads and utilities. If we stop for a moment to reflect I think we would all agree that the problems of America's poor are even more difficult than many of these other pr~blems. Most of us knew the job would not be easy but in two legislative sessions you have expressed your determination that the job must be done. No other committee of any other legislature in the history of the world so far as I have been able to determine has ever urged the mobil- ization of the total resources of the Nation toward the elimination of poverty. Ancient Rome gave bread and circuses to the poor. The Ancient Greeks threw their surplus grain to the poor. William the Conquerer divided up and gave Some lands to the serfs in the 11th century. The Knights of Templar invented the first flophouse. The followers of St. Francis invented the breadline. Nineteenth century England developed the dole. But the Congress of the 20th century America had the courage and the vision to demand that poverty itself be eliminated and the great President of 20th century America asked that it be done. And that same Congress put the challenge and the responsibility to a new agency which it called the Office of Economic Oppertunity. Now 3 years later you are beginning discussion of new legislation. Where originally you only had theories and speculation to go on, to- day you do have the results of 21/2 years of effort. You have the proven effectiveness of Headstart and the Neighbor- hood Youth Corps. You have proof in the existence of 53,000 young men and women who have gone on from the Jc~b Corps to become con- structive and contributing members of society. You have proof in- You have 27,000 youngsters in the Upward Bound program now on their way to higher education. You have the commitment of 6,500 Americans who have served as volunteers in VISTA. PAGENO="0080" 76 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967 You have the commitment of 90,000 Americans who are serv- ing today free of charge on community action agencies across the length and `breadth of the land. You have the evidence of 1 million Americans who have freely pitched in to help on a thousand different fronts as volunteers. You have the evidence of 1,200 lawyers now serving more than 600 neighborhood legal service centers bringing justice, new op- portunities for justice to the poor. You have the evidence of 21 neighborhood health centers in- being or in the process of being established. You have the evidence of 1,050 community action agencies giv- ing needed services to the poor people, bringing services of vari- ous departments of government to bear in a combined coordinat- ed way. You have the evidence of 3,300 foster grandparents who are themselves finding a new meaning to their lives and bringing compassion and a new life to young children. This evidence has been compiled statistically and analytically. You have that record before you. I believe it is a document in which you can take pride because you made it possi'ble. And I believe that there is no responsible men~ber of this committee or the Congress as a whole who is going to vote to eliminate Head- start or Foster Grandparents or any of the other prudent programs inaugurated by OEO. Nobody is going to tell the million volunteers to go home. Nobody is going to shut up 700 neighborhood multiservice centers which are across this whole country, in rural as well as urban America. Nobody is going to tell a thousand young men who want to `be in the Job Corps that there is not going to be any Job `Corps for them or tell 300,000 plus youngsters that the Neighborhood Youth Corps is going out of existence, that there won't be any work for them of tha't type, or to close up the law offices or the neighborhood health centers or the family planning clinics or the Upward Bound classes. These programs which you brought into `being have become a part of the fabric of American life. I believe you will see to it tha't they endure. There are new Headstarts, new community action programs still to be invented. I believe you will see to it that the source of innova- tion is not destroyed. It seems to me that a single basic issue faces the Congress this year in connection with the war against poverty. It is this: Will the agency you `brought into being-to serve the poor, to speak for the poor, to marshall America's resources on behalf of the poor, continue to do the job which you set for it? As you begin your deliberations, you have before you two pieces of proposed legislation. Each supports a major Federal effort and expenditure on behalf of the poor. Each calls for the cooperation and involvement of all segments of our national life. Each proposes to' continue with minor changes all or nearly all the innovative pro- grams' initiated by this agency which you created 21/2 years ago. The most significant differences in these two bills, one sponsored by the administration, one sponsored by some Republican members, PAGENO="0081" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 77 is this: The administration bill proposes a strengthened OEO with its coordinating power improved, with its administration made more effective, and the range of national involvement in its programs broadened. The other proposes to eliminate OEO and destroy the central com- mand post of the war against poverty. This difference to me, at any rate, strikes at the heart of the entire effort. The reasons for OEO are very simple. First of all, the poor are the least articulate, the least influential, the least powerful of all our national minorities. They need an inde- pendent advocate, a strong, authoritative voice to speak on their behalf. The well-to-do whose support is absolutely essential, need a constant, coherent reminder of the reality of the problem of poverty and their responsibility in helping to solve it. Local communities need a single, national source of information, innovation, evaluation, and encouragement as well as financing to help them sustain the momentum of their fight against hometown poverty. The established agencies of Government, the organizations in rele- vant fields of education, health, social work, and justice, now welcome a unified command post which supports them in directing the thrust of their efforts toward the difficult task of helping the poor. The Nation as a whole needs to keep its attention focused on curing poverty at a time when the distractions of affluence are almost irresistible. Before OEO, America had the same skills, the same resources, the same strength of purpose `as we do today but our Nation did not bring into being a Headstart, or an Upward Bound, or a Job Corps, or VISTA, or the neighborhood legal services, or the neighborhood health center, or local community action programs. It took the Congress and OEO to get these going and to make them work. It is a simple matter of practical commonsense. When our Nation has determined to tackle a specific problem Congress has given the job to a single responsible authority, responsibility I might add to the Congress. A Social Security Administration. A Securites and Ex- change Commission. A TVA. A Department of Transportation. A NASA. And an OEO. Because of this commonsense act of Congress in establishing OEO, and because of the results which it has achieved it is not surprising that an overwhelming majority of Americans have rallied behind the effort. As a nation we may be divided on the strategies for civil rights. We may be fragmented on the issues of war and peace, between hawks and doves. We may be isolated by the genertaion gap. But as a nation we are united on the need for the eradication of poverty. This is largely, I believe, because you gave to the war against poverty a single voice, a central responsibility. So, in statement after statement, resolution after resolution, involve- ment upon involvement, the various sects and sectors, interests and organizations, of this diverse and varied Nation have declared their support for the total war' against poverty operated under OEO. The American Medical Association through its president, Dr. Charles Hudson, the American Bar Association, through the last four 80-084 0-67-pt. 1-6 PAGENO="0082" 78 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMEtNDMENTS OF 1967. or five presidents of the bar, the League of Women Voters, the Na- tional Councils of Negro Women, Catholic Women, Jewish Women, United Church Women, YWCA and dozens of other organizations are not only currently running poverty programs but have indorsed the central effort. The U.S. conference of mayors, the Urban League, NAACP, Na- tional Jaycees, Association of United Funds and Community Chests, PTA have all indorsed their program and NEA is working very closely with us in many of our programs. Industry and labor both have provided indispensable resources both material and intellectual. All of these groups are united in the support of the war on poverty because they have been given a chance to do something themselves, to use their own skills, to operate programs, to have their ideas listened to and acted upon. They have had a place to go. An ear to hear them, and a source for funds, if their programs warrant funding. OEO has not fought this battle alone but it has stood at the center of the action. OEO has not had a monopoly on the good ideas but the programs, most of the programs it has initiated have worked and are helping millions of Americans right now to make the long jour- ney out of poverty. OEO has not been immune to mistakes but it has worked hard to eliminate error. It has leaned heavily on the administrative expertise of both the private and the public sector. The bill you have before you incorporates into the practical experi- ence which has been gained by OEO in ~`/2 years of operations. As you begin consideration of the Economic Opportunity Amend- ments for 1967, I ask you to contemplate the significance of this un- paralleled national consensus which has unified us as a people at a time when so many conflicts are dividing us as a world. We no longer have to be. shown that there is poverty in America. That debate is over. We no longer have to argue whether or not the programs we have launched are effective. That record speaks for itself. The central question now is whether having revealed the poverty, launched the programs and achieved the consensus, we are going to tear apart the engine which has powered our progress. In the current issue of Look magazine there is a vigorous and un- equivocal editorial entitled, "We Can't Quit Now." Editors of Look magazine spoke to their 8 million readers last week. They said this. It is up to the Office of Economic Opportunity, not only to cope with the problems of poverty, but to argue the just demands of the poor from within the Government . . . We must make up our minds to do the whole jab. It will be costly. It can't be done overnight. Business as much as government must help. But we can end welfare waste, earn back our investment from the taxes and in- creased production of millions of new consumers. We have promised to let the poor in-and we can't quit now. This is what the OEO stands for. This is what you have begun and what we are pledged t.o continue. Much remains to be done. We can't quit now. That is the end of my prepared statement, Mr. Chairman. I would welcome the opportunity, if it is agreeable to you, Mr. Chairman, to start our presentation of the detailed program today with the Director of the Job Corps, William Kelly, who would be prepared to go into as PAGENO="0083" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 79 much detail as any members of the committee may wish on that par- ticular program. We chose that program as a starter because we thought it was one of those that had evoked as much controversy or difference of opinion as any other and that by starting with it we could cover at least one of the important areas in which there has been discussion and controversy. Chairman PERKINS. The committee has heard Sargent Shriver make the statement and his suggestion that his planned presentation includes his assistants, the Director of Job Corps next. Is there objection to this procedure or do the members want to interrogate Sargent Shriver at this time. Mr. DENT. I think it is proper now to let the committee members get off their chest anything they might have. It would be better to do it now. We could discuss it with him. There is testimony to be made as to the necessity of the program. Let us start that first before we get into the details. The details will be a question of whether or not we are satisfied with the program as such but let us establish now, while Mr. Sargent is presenting his remarks, the necessity of the program before we get into the details. The details won't matter if the program is not necessary. Chairman PERKINS. I personally feel we should let Sargent Shriver go ahead and present the case but since there has been objection- Mr. DENT. No objection. Chairman PERKINS. We will adhere to the 5-minute rule. Mrs. Green. Mrs. GREEN. Mr. Chairman, I would hold my questions, with the exception of one, until the statements are made on the individual programs. Mr. Shriver, on page 6 you speak of the various groups that support the war on poverty. In the material you have supplied this committee do you have a list of grants and/or contracts which have been given to these various organizations and the amount of money and the purpose for which the contracts were given? For instance, do you give contracts or grants to NEA, PTA, the Na- tional Council of Jewish Women, the United Jewish Women, et cetera? Mr. SHRIVER. I am not absolutely sure that that is in front of you but it can easily be made available to you. Mrs. GREEN. Fine. Then I would ask for that, Mr. Chairman and I will yield back my time. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Quie. Mr. QUIE. First, I would like to set the record straight. The difference between the opportunity crusade and the admin- istration bill is not merely which agency of the Federal Government will be administering the programs. There are other substantial dif- ferences that people ought to know. There is greater involvement by private industry in the opportunity crusade and greater involvement by the State in the bonus plan in our bill. Also, we talk about the OEO being the command post. Our pro- posal is that the President have a Council of Economic Opportunity PAGENO="0084" 80 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~NTDMENTS OF 1967 Advisers to help him the same way as he now has the Council of Eco- nomic Advisers which has functioned well. As we compare these two proposals we will see that the opportunity crusade will both seek to eliminate poverty, and wherever possible bring people who are poor to a state of affluence. There are substantial differences in the way in which the two programs are operated. One of the comments you made quotes the editor of Look magazine as saying, "We have promised to let the poor in." As you know I have been extremely interested in letting the poor in, especially in community action. This to me is the most important fea- ture of the entire effort which has been done in the area of poverty and which OEO originated. I would be interested now in your evaluation of the over 1,000 com- munity action agencies in the country. How many of them now comply with the requirement of the amendment that I introduced ]ast year that one-third of the members of the community action board be representative of the poor? How many actually now comply? Mr. SHRIVER. First of all, Congressman Quie, the overw'helming majority actually do comply with the statutory requirement and many go beyond the statutory requirement. When I say the overwhelming majority, it is my memory which I will ask the Director for Com- munity Action to check me on; `it is my memory that there `are not more than a dozen out of a thousand that are not in actual compliance with your amendment as of today. Mr. Berry, will you tell me what the `actual figures are? STATEMENT OP THEODORE M. BERRY, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS Mr. BEmiY. As of today there are only eight. Mr. SHElVER. In other words, we have approximately 1,050 of these agencies. As of `today you have just heard that there are eight. Mr. QuIE. Would you at this point in the record put in the five methods that a community action agency can use in the selection of the poor, the ones in your guidelines? Mr. SHRIVER. Yes, sir, we will be happy to put that in the record. For the `benefit of the committee members who may not be familiar with this we issued a memorandum to all community action agencies in the Tjnited States, to all State technical assistance officers, `and so on, 5 months ago in which we outlined some specific ways in which we thought these agencies could fulfill the requirements of Congressman Quie's amendment. They were issued and distributed across the country and we will be happy toput them in the record as you suggest. Mr. QuIE. On March 6, I asked the OEO Regional Director in Chicago and `also Chicago's Community Action Director, Mr. Brooks, to furnish me with the listing of the executive steering committees and advisory council to the agencies, neighborhood centers, and an explanation of the manner in which they are selected. I haven't received this information. I would be interested if you would furnish us with information on how Chicago's Committee on Urban Opportunity compliance with the OEO guidelines and in par- ticular the one-third representation of the poor. PAGENO="0085" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 81 Reading the transcript in the Senate record when Senator Javits was questioning Mayor Daley I did not see the kind of answers which would indicate that they actually are in compliance. But rather than make any criticism, whether they are or not, I would like to have you furnish me with this information. Also any answer you might have now on Chicago's Community Action Agency would be helpful. Mr. SHRIVER. First of all we will be happy to supply you with a de- tailed memorandum on the specifics in Chicago. It was my impression from reading the record and from having people at the Senate hearings from Chicago that the question of the compliance of that city with the one-third participation of the poor had been effectively answered. However, that is just my impression. We will give you a detailed memorandum on that subject through the legal office. Could I advert to this chart for a minute since it is on the subject which Mr. Quie brought up? Let me just say that historically we were given this mandate to achieve maximum feasible participation of the poor but nobody told us how they thought that was to be done. Consequently, over a period of a few years now we have been attempting to do it in a variety of different ways. This chart gives you an overview of the different ways which we have developed for in- volving the poor. The first item there tells about the fact that we have a National Committee of Community Representatives who serve with us right in Washington. They meet four or five times a year. They are actually poor people who themselves have been elected in their local com- munities to serve on the local community action agencies as representa- tives of the poor. There are now 10,000 approximately-I hope everybody realizes these are block figures-10,000 poor persons serving on local com- munity action agency boards. They would be those that fulfill your amendments requirement, Congressman Quie, about the one-third. Second, there are `approximately 30,000 additional poor people who serve on neighborhood policy advisory councils. Now these are not just councils that advise the local CAA. For example, in addition to that kind of advisory council we have advisory council for a neighbor- hood health center. Congressman Hawkins, I am sure, is familiar with the advisory council composed of the residents of the Watts area of Los Angeles who sit not just as advisory `council but as a policy board determining the policies and practices carried on or to be carried on in the neighbor- hood health center, itself. They have actual authority over what is going on. The next way in which we thought it would be helpful to involve the poor was by actually employing the poor in community action work. Fifty thousand poor people are currently employed in those jobs. I think most members of the committee probably have been to neigh- borhood centers where they have seen so-called out reach workers at work. Nearly all these "out reach" workers, poor workers, are poor people actually involved in community action. There is in addition to that 50,000 poor people employed in summer Headstart alone. There are many other programs which employ the poor people. This is just one example. PAGENO="0086" 82 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AME~DMENTS OF 1967, In addition to that, from the beginning many people pointed out that the poor would not be qualified in their judgment to serve on these boards, that they wouldn't know enough by education or back- ground or by experience. Recognizing the validity of this criticism, at least in some ways and in some places, OEO has developed a large- scale training program the purpose of which is to teach poor people how to participate better as members of local action agency boards or advisory councils or in other ways. In the first ~½ years you will see that approximately 125,000 poor persons have participated in training programs to enable them to be more effective participants, to become better involved in the work against poverty. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Dent. Mr. DENT. Mr. Chairman, first I want to congratulate the Director on his efforts to keep this program in a groove we started to put it in when we created it a few years ago. However, at this time we recognize that we are fighting on two fronts. We have a war on poverty and we have a war on the war on poverty. Somewhere between these two wars we hope to come out with some kind of victory. I have personally favored the program. I also want it clearly under- stood that after a certain length of time when a new program has been instituted by Congress it becomes more and more the problem of the legislative process rather than the problem of the administration of that program. While we know that criticism is always hard to really define and answer, legislators as a rule must be on the defensive in the question of this type of program because as you have stated they are new, they are innovations, this is the first time it has been really tried in the history of mankind. However, I for one believe we now have reached a legislative point in this program where the programs that you have started have to be coordinated and finalized in such a manner that they are working toward the end that we started to achieve and that while we recognize that in 3 years we have only scratched the surface of the types of pro- grams needed to help the poor become part of the mainstream of society, I personally believe that we have to have a period during the operation of the program when new programs to be advanced must be presented to the Congress through the committee. If we don't do that we get ourselves into the kind of criticism that we have been getting into, although up to this point I don't think the criticism is valid. I say that unreservedly. However, at this time I just want the Director to know that, while I support everything he has done and everything he plans, I for one wou'd rather that the new programs be submitted to the committee in order that it is not always on the defensive but can take the position of being aggressive in the matter. I think he will in time, if he thinks about it, understand that this is the kind of war that the people who are interested in it have the least amount of weapons to fight it with. Those who are opposed to it are the better armed. Therefore, I suggest to the Director that any new thought he might have on new PAGENO="0087" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF `1967 83 direction in which the war on poverty may take in the coming months, that at least the committee ought to he notified, someone in the committee leadership ought to be told about it before it cracks the newspapers and we are asked questions about what does this particular new program entail, what does it cover, what does it mean? You have started a series of programs that can do a wonderful job and, in my opinion, some of it is doing an excellent job. I recognize as other members of this committee do I believe, that it has to be a sustaining program. It has to be something in our planning at all times. Some want to see the poor in. It depends where they want them in, what they want them in. Do they want them in the mainstream of economy or do they want them in the holes of poverty through a different designation. I think the committee will give you supportS I know this member will. So long as we have a clear understanding of what we are doing. It is not easy to ask questions on subject matters you are not informed about. That is the only criticism that I have, that I have too often been caught in the position of not knowing just what the programs are aimed to do outside of reading it in the paper, and I have had some experience in the newspapers, they don't always hear the same we do. At leaf;t, if they hear it, they don't write it. That is the only thing I want to get clear in the record in the beginning. I will give the program all the support where support is needed and all the criticism where criticism is needed. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Chairman, may I make a brief comment on Mr. Dent's statement? Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead. Mr. SHRIvER. First of all, we have been making an effort to inform Congress in advance of even the new things we try on an action level. For example, we inaugurated a program not long ago called success insurance which was a method of insuring employers against losses incurred in job training. We invited a number of members of this committee to come down and participate in the discussion leading up to that announcement. It is not a~ large program, but it is an experimental one. We did send over some material about them both before and after it was announced. So we are attempting to do a little bit of what you have said, Congressman Dent.. The second point I would like to emphasize is this. One of the basic ideas of local community action is that we would permit the local peo- ple to inaugurate programs of their own on the theory that the local people w-ould have many good ideas about how to combat poverty in their locality. These might not be programs that are useful nationally, but on the idea that local people know best about what to do about local problems we have encouraged local initiative. Now it is possible that they would start programs at the local level under a general framew-ork which could cause discussion or con- troversy but I w-ould hate to see the idea of prior congressional ap- proval carried to the point where all the local communities m the country would have to get approval for what they do from the Con- gress before they try out at the local level. PAGENO="0088" 84 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Congressman Pucinski just a few minutes ago mentioned the pro- gram in Chicago which took people off relief. It was called jobs now. That program started in Chicago. Nobody down in Washington thought of that program. That program started there. It turned out to be a success there and it became the basis for a national program modeled On jobs now in Chicago which has been taken by the Labor Department to a hundred or more cities in the United States. Now that program was not approved by us or by Congress before it was started. It was done under a local initiative idea. Finally, let me just say I remember vividly one of the first times I came over here Congressman Goodell being complimentary about Headstart. He claimed, I remember, that it was really his idea, that he had attempted for 3 or 4 years to get it approved by the Congress. If I remember correctly he said if we had waited for Congress to approve it we never would have started it. So he actually commended us for doing the opposite of what you suggest we not do. I just wanted to aline the Congressman with us on this important matter. Mr. GOODELL. You are in trouble now with me. Mr. SHRIVER. Well, sir, I am delighted to have you on our side. Mr. GOODELL. I do agree with your comment. You are perfectly ac- curate on how it started. I don't agree with the gentleman from Penn- sylvania. I do believe these programs have a high degree of flexibility. There must be power in the law for local people to initiate new pro- grams and set their own priorities. I will say in just the shoi't time I have-as you imagine I have a good many questions I want to ask you-statistics can be used for a variety of purposes and they can give a false impression. For instance, I think the chart you have put up here indicates 50,000 persons who were poor are employed as CAP workers. It is my under- standing the Anglovitch fund studies of nonprofessionals of CAP reflected that only 16 percent of the nonprofessional CAP's were filled by people whose income was less than $4,000. Yesterday I read in the New York Times a story that emanated from OEO that 53 percent of Job Corps graduates had jobs. Fifty-three percent sounds impressive. It is my understanding that the Lew Harris poll on the Job Corps graduates indicated that before they went in, 58 percent of them had jobs. Fifty-three percent of the graduates hav- ing jobs does not sound very impressive when you look at 58 percent who had jobs before they went into the Job Corps. Less than one-quarter of those working after they got out of the Job Corps say they are using Job Corps training. This is a significant aspect. We are spending a lot of money. I am sure it is helping a good many youngsters. We have the obligation to see that the money is spent effectively. The fact that only one-quarter of those who got out of Job Corps use Job Corps training is pretty bad. Actually they are only 15 percent of the total number of enrolees in Job Corps-one-quarter of the graduates. I would like in the short time available today to concentrate on the specifi~c thing that is current and very imnortant. The CEP program started out as UCEP and now it is concentrated employment program. I am deeply concerned `about it. We are about to PAGENO="0089" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 85 finish our third year of the war on poverty. Many of us have com- plained about the administrative bungling and the fast approval of programs without thought, without planning, and the waste involved. This separate program we are now pushing real hard to get under- way. It is not a summer program but we are pushing it for the summer months so that it will help in our long hot summer. I will quote from several people and I would like your comments. James Banks, former UPO Director here in Washington says: The Government's whole method of approaching summer is a crazy, illogical, emotional response to a problem which deserves more serious consideration. There is something rather immoral about it. The Government's response is "Let us keep down riots and violence" rather than let us eliminate the causes of riots and violence. Mitchell Sviridoff, director of the New York City Human Resources Administration: It's a hell of a way to run a public program. It is unhealthy. What it does is inform people that the way to get some money is to have a riot or threaten one. (The following letter was received for the record from Mr. Sviridoff:) THE CITY OF NEW YORK HUMAN RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION, New York, N.Y., Jnly 19, 1967. Congressman CARL D. PERKINS, Chairman, House Education and Labor Committee, Raylnirn Building, Washing- ton, D.C. DEAR Mn. CHAIRMAN: I understand that I was quoted on June 12 and June 22 during the hearings held by the House Education and Labor Committee on H.R. 8311, and would like to make certain that my position is clear. In my opinion, the Concentrated Employment Program is one of the most promising manpower efforts ever initiated by the Department of Labor. I en- thusiastically support it. I also support summer programs. It's just that I do not believe that in themselves, summer programs are enough. I would appreciate it if you would include this letter as part of the official record. Sincerely, MITCHELL Svminorir, Adm'ini~trator. Mr. GOODELL. Out in Los Angeles-I know Mr. Hawkins has been in- volved in this-~they were first told it was $10 million, then told they would get $15 million, finally $8 million. Recently, the AFL-CIO representative on the community action board said: I think the whole thing is going to be a failure. All we are doing is spending $8 million to put poor people in competition with other people already out of jobs. This kind of thing happening now, `in our third year, at the con- clusion of the third year, is rather incredible. It bothers a great many of us. It is part of the reason why many of us are proposing some new administrative measures here. Not long ago Dr. Frank Reisman of NYU, who was the author or co- author of "New Careers for the Poor" posed the issue. He said: Switching emphasis from Community Action poses an enormous danger that we will have just another make work, anti-riot, keep summer cool program. I would like your comments on the buildup here of the concentrated employment program known as CEP and why we have had this kind of operation in setting it up. PAGENO="0090" 86 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. I am very happy to respond, Congressman Goodefl. First of all, I would agree with you that it would be helpful if we did spend enough time, for example, on the Job Corps so that the con- flicting figures which you quote would no longer be in conflict, they would be explained, so that it would be clear to all. Mr. GOODELL. Since I won't have a chance to go into it today in depth, I wanted to throw some of them out as a counterbalance. Mr. SHRIVER. I think you are right. I think when you get a statistic here and a statistic there and some other statistics from another place that it is very confusing. That is the reason why I am suggesting we take the Job Corps and go into it in detail. I think you would get the resolution of what appears to be in conflict. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, if he can have 1 minute to comment on the CEP program. Mr. SHRIVER. I will be very happy to have Jack Howard who is the man in the Department of Labor in charge of the work program department talk to you about CEP. He will come forward I hope and do that now. While he is coming let me just say that it has been the position of this agency that we are nrt interested in an antiriot type of program initiated just for the summer. That is our basic position. I testified on both sides to that effect. I agree with those who think if you are just doing that you are making a mistake. Mr. GOODELL. There are authorities who are very unhappy with the way it is being set up. STATEMENT OP J~ACK HOWARD, ADMINISTRATOR, BUREAU OF WORK PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Chairman, we should point out at the outset that the CEP program is not a summer program. Mr. GOODELL. I understand that but you are trying to get it started so that it will help in the summer. Mr. HOWARD. We are trying to get it started as soon as we can get it started, correct. Hopefully we will get it going in June before the sum- mer. In some areas it will take time to start up. But the important thing to consider, I believe, is that this is not a palliative nor is it the kind of "adhesive tape" program to which some of the remarks I believe read by Mr. Goodell refer, that is the short- term quick-summer job program. The CEP program is designed, as was testified earlier by Sargent Shriver, to incorporate some of the lessons from the j ohs now experi- enced in Chicago. What we are `talking about is some training, some orientation, a period of experience on the job and exposure to training so that a person is then able to move into the private competitive employment and to join the society. Now this is not a 1-month or 2-month or 6-month program. We en- vision these programs as taking as long as a year or 2 years and the individuals in the program will move. PAGENO="0091" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 87 Mr. GOODELL. The comments I read were directed toward the efforts to get the CEP summer program coordinated and started before summer. I am well aware this is a long-term program but it does not justify falling all over yourself and causing all the confusion and chaos which has been evident from the testimony of these individuals. - Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Shriver. Mr. SHRIVER. I don't think they were referring to the CEP program, were they? I think they were talking about the fact that, for example, we get our appropriations very late in the year, we are not able to give the communities advanced information they need to plan properly. We got the supplemental late in the year. Mr. GOODELL. They all referred to the summer program and in- clusion of CEP in the summer program. Mr. SHRIVER. CEP is not a summer program. Mr. GOODELL. CEP is being folded into the summer program. Chairman PERKINS. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Illi- nois, Mr. Pucinski. Mr. PUcIN5KI. I would like to join my colleagues in congratulating Mr. Shriver for an excellent statement here. I do wish, Mr. Shriver, that you would accommodate Mr. Quie on his questions about represen- tation in Chicago. Mr. Quie and the minority have investigated Chicago now for 3 years. He has been there personally. Mr. Goodell has been there. They have had more minority committee investigation in Chicago than any part of the country. They have had auditors. They have been combing through their program hoping that in some way they can find some- thing so that they can attack the Chicago program. I challenge these men to put in this record the complete, unedited re- ports from their own investigators on the Chicago program. They have been in Chicago, and their Senators were in Chicago asking a lot of questions, but they all come back with one conclusion. They all come back with the conclusion that Chicago is the pace setter for the country in this war on poverty. Every time we talk to them privately they say, "Well, not every city has a Dick Daley to manage the program." Publicly they make these statements about the great concern for the poor. Let us not kid ourselves. Their only purpose has been and continues to be to drive a wedge into the effectiveness of the Chicago program. We will put that program in Chicago against any test, any scrutiny, any investigation they want to make. I might say that the critics are talking big words with a Madison Avenue slogan-"Opportunity Crusade." From 1952 to 1960 they had all the opportunity they wanted and took the country in three recessions. Since then we have had 7 years of continued economic prosperity. Mr. PUCINSKI. I would like to ask you one question. I maintain this program is now working well. I think the cities and the communities have found the formula. I would like to know, Mr. Shriver, what do you mean on page 40 of the bill when you say: At least one-third of the membership of the Board shall be persons chosen in accordance with democratic selection procedures adequate to assure that they are representative of the poor in the community. PAGENO="0092" 88 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEN~S OF 1967 What do the words "democratic selection procedures" mean? Mr. SHRIVER. That. was clarified by us we hope and believe, in a special memorandum we sent to all CAP agencies about. 4 or 5 months ago. It. is the memorandum which I said a. little while ago in response to a request from Congressman Quie that we would put in t.he re.cord. I am now having it handed to me. I will be glad to read it. We interpret "as democratically selected by residence of t.he area" as permitting a.t least. four or five different ways in which that. could be done. We did not intend to imply that these were the only ways but. these were four or five different ways. For example, No. 1 was nominations and elections either within neighborhoods or within the community as a whole. No. 2 was selec- tion at a meeting or conference to which all neighborhood residents and especially those who are poor are invited. No. 3 w-as selection of representatives of the communitywide board members of t.he neigh- borhoOd or subarea boards who are themselves selected by neighbor- hood or subarea resident.s. No. 4 was selection of representatives on small area basis w-ho in turn select. the neighborhood group that in turn selects members of a communitywide boa.rd. I will submit this all for the record. Mr. PUcIN5KI. Will you be good enough to submit. also for the record at this point, the various programs thait the gentleman from Minnesota and the gentleman from New York have in their respec- tive districts and to what extent one-third of the local boards a.re chosen by aiiy one of those five methods. Finally, Mr. Chairman, I would like to say this. I hope that our colleagues who are sponsoring this opportunity crusade won't. want to disturb a program that. is working well across the country. I hope they will be given an opportunity to bring their witnesses before this commmittee. I would like to hear their witnesses. I would like to have the opportunity to cross-examine these witnesses. Let us find out just exactly how much support. they have for that program they are fooling around with in the fac.e of a time tested, well-de- veloped program that. we know is now working, and working best of ~.ll in Chicago. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Bell. Mr. BELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield my time to Mr. Goodell. Mr. GOODELL. Let me say to my colleague from Chicago, unlike you I have spent a great deal of time in my dist.rict to see to it that there is representation of the poor on the local boards. I believe you will find they are all qualified. Mr. PUCIN5IU. The record will speak for itself. Mr. GOODELL. One other point t.he gentleman made about. our sub- mittmg our reports. We did submit. the report in the form of poverty memos and I will be glad to have the (~entle.man look them over~ on Neighborhood Youth Corps, Headstart, community action programs and the involvement or lack of involvement of the poor in Chicago. The statistics were not very impressive in all of those areas. He is wel- come to look at them. As fa.r as Chicago is concerned I would like to ask, Mr. Shriver, if Chicago is one of the eight not. qualified at this point.. Mr. SHElVER. No. sir. PAGENO="0093" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 89 Mr. GOODELL. Then we will go into some questions about Chicago. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. Mr. QUIE. It is interesting to read the testimony at the Senate hear- ing where Senator Javits asked Mayor Daley if there was any elec- tion of the poor, in any area, of any representative on the committee. Mayor Daley's reaction is: No, Senator, the most disgraceful thing facing our nation. He speaks about how undesirable it is to have election by the poor because they would have to identify themselves. Senator Javits says: Has there been any election in any community organization in the poor neigh- borhood of any representative on policy making. He says: Yes, there have. Maybe you don't know how we would select them. There is no need to go out and tell the people in the neighborhood. We contact the same people that you would. Judging from what he explained here I would like to know who these individuals are and the names of those individuals who are representa- tives of the poor to see if it actually has been done in Chicago or not. Prior to this requirement it seems to me that one of the most glaring examples of abuse in the country was lack of involvement of the poor in Chicago. I hope now they do permit the poor to have some voice and some involvement in their program. Mr. STIRIVER. Knowing of your great personal interest in Chicago we have paid a little bit of attention to that situation, ourselves. We would be delighted to go into detail about how the representatives in Chicago are selected. As the memorandum indicates from which I just read we do not require that there be general elections in order to get representation from the poor. We tried that in a number of places. A couple of places it worked pretty well. A couple of other places it did not work at all. It did not have anything to do with politics. What we were trying to do was to find different ways which would meet the legislative requirement and still conform to the needs of dif- ferent cities without trying to impose some Federal dictation over how this was to be done. That is how it has happened. Different communities do it different ways. We will be glad to go into detail on the Chicago w-ay when we have time to go into depth on it. In fact, if you want to, we will bring people here from Chicago. Mr. QUIE. Every member of the board however was appointed by the director in Chicago, is that correct? Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir, that is not correct. Mr. QrnE. Then I will be interested in seeing a detailed report be- cause I have here the Chicago Committee on Urban Opportunity in which they say each Senate director makes all appointments of persons who serve on the Neighborhood Advisory Council as representatives of the poor from a list of persons recommended as herein set forth. Mr. SHRIVER. I thought. you meant the director of the program as a whole does that. That is correct, what you have just read. It is a pro forma, a ministerial appointment. The man who you describe as a Senate director can only appoint from a list of people who have been PAGENO="0094" 90 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 democratically selected so that he could not appoint somebody who has not been democratically selected under the system runnrng in that city. We have the same system in Chicago for appointing people to the school board. This was considered a great triumph by the school people because at one time the mayor of Chicago, as some other mayors, had the right to appoint anybody he chose to the school board. But the groups got. together and they made arrangements whereby the mayor still appointed them but lie had to appoint from a list of people presented to him by leaders of the community, so that for every opening on the school board there were only two nominees. One of them he had to choose. So if there are three openings there would be six names. He had to choose three of those. Those names were prepared and given to him. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Daniels? *Mr. DANIELS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, I wish to join many of the members of this com- mittee in complimenting Sargent Shriver for a very fine statement and also for doing an excellent job with a very difficult problem; that is, the problem of the poor. We know the poor have many problems which are at best most difficult and there is no one answer to these problems. In the short. period of time that Sargent Shriver has had the Office of Employment Opportunity handling this innovative program, I feel he has done the same excellent job as Director of same as he has done as Director of the Peace Corps. He deserves our praise and compliments. There is no question that some mistakes have been made and he has recognized that in his statement. It is our function here as legis- lators to endeavor to correct those mistakes and improve the program as best we know how. I must disagree with my colleague on my right, Mr. Pucinski, who praises the Chicago program as being the most outstanding program in the Nation. I think we have a very outstanding program in the city of Jersey City where I come from. I think Director Earl Bird is doing a splendid job there. The program which has been instituted in Jersey City has received the praise of all of our business and professional men and many, many community organizations. Mr. PUCINSKI. I am very happy that Mr. Shriver called attention to the fact that in some areas this business of trying to elect the one- third has been a failure and in some it has been a success. My friend from California, Mr. Bell, recalls the experience they had over there and the people in Philadelphia recall the experiences they have had over there. - I say in my judgment it is demagoguery for anybody to suggest that these people ought to be elected and the mayor of Chicago put the whole thing in its proper light. when he said he can't think of any- thing more embarrassing to an American than to have to come before some voting place and say, "I am poor and tl~erefore I am eligible to vote in this election." We Americans have a great deal of pride and even the poor have pride. PAGENO="0095" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 91 My colleagues from Minnesota and New York keep hammering away that we don't have elections in Chicago. I hope that we never have this system that they are advocating for the poor people. We have elections for all the people. Dr. DANIELS. Let us get back to Jersey City. I might say, though, that the State of New Jersey through the assistance and the good graces of a very wonderful Governor, Mr. Hughes, has established in the State of New Jersey also an office of community affairs which works very closely with your office. It has been most helpful with all our programs in the SMte of New Jersey dealing with poverty. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Reid. Mr. REID. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. First, I would like to welcome Mr. Shriver. I am sorry I was not here to hear your earlier remarks. First, might~ I ask, what is the status of the variable CAP funds because it was my impression in some areas that they had been cut by about 50 percent. Mr. SHRIVER. I think all the members of the committee know that the amount of money available was actually reduced in the fiscal year 1967 as compared to 1966. I can't remember offhand the percentage cut but it added up to something like, it seems to me, $164 million less than the previous year. This came about, as you know, I think, because of a combination of circumstances. But it is true that since the variable funds were cut some programs were not only cut 50 percent but some were absolutely cut. out altogether. Local programs were just eliminated because there was no more money to finance them. Mr. REID. I would like to comment on this principle if I may. If we do have this program in being and funds for x number of months, cannot the OEO make an effort to see that that program is completed if it is once started and commitments made? Otherwise I am afraid hopes will be dashed. Mr. SHRIVER. I think you are 100 percent correct, in fact hopes have been dashed, not because we want to dash them but because there was not enough money to keep them alive. Frankly, you cannot continue all the programs which are in being and which, let us say, are getting reasonably good results, you cannot continue them all if in fact the amount of money you have for the continuation is less than the needs of all those programs added up across the country. That is what happened to us this past year. So some of those pro- grams were cut. Mr. GOODELL. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. REID. Yes. Mr. GOODELL. Is it not true, Mr. Shriver, that Congress increased the overall community action total funds last year and that the reason for these cutbacks was that so much of the money in community action was earmarked that it reduced the unearmarked funds available for exist- ing programs. PAGENO="0096" 92 ECONOMIC OPPORTtJNITY ACT AME~DMENTS 0F 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. That was part of it but that was not all of it, Con- gressman. Not only was a large proportion of the money earmarked for par- ticular programs but the total amount appropriated was less than what was needed to continue the ones already in operation. Mr. GOODELL. It was more than you had in the previous years. The earmarking created a situation which just was not taken care of by the appropriation. If there hadn't been any earmarking you would have had more total community action money available, so you would not have had to cut back. Mr. SHRIVER. It was not the Appropriations Committee that made the earmarking. Mr. GOODELL. I know it. I want to say that we on this side opposed that earmarking throughout the writeup last year. I believe in other places we were in agreement with OEO. Mr. SHRIVER. Fine. I did not mean to contest that. What I meant was that it was not only the earmarking that ended up by cutting down the amount of local initiative funds. The total cut was only about 8 percent but the cut came on the local initiative fund, so that the total, although more, was less than was needed to analyze the pro- grams the way that Congressman Reid says. Mr. REID. Let me ask one double-barreled question in terms of some of the creative and innovative programs such as neighborhood health centers, Upward Bound, legal services, the poor, multiservice neigh- borhood centers, family planning clinics, etc. Are we. providing anywhere near the amount that should be appro- priated for these programs or have you not put in what are merely beginning amounts of money? Second, could you comment about the number that have been placed in jobs as a result of other aspects of the antipoverty program? Mr. SHRIVER. The answer to the first question is yes, we are really just moving ahead very slowly on these programs. We are not any- where, to use your phrase, near meeting the total need, let us say for legal services or health centers or whatever other items you mentioned. Second, with respect to the specific number of jobs, I don't have that figure on the tip of my tongue but. I will be happy to supply it for the record. Mr. REID. I would appreciate it. Thank you very much. I yield the balance of my time to Mr. Goodell. Chairman PERKINS. The time has expired. Mr. GooDET~. Thank you, Mr. Reid. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Hawkins. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Chairman, may I first say that I believe Sar- gent Shriver has done an excellent job and that his agency is to be commended. I think we must recognize that this program does con- stitute a social revolution and that a majority of the members of Con- gress are not willing to support it financially. I think that therefore the program will always have difficulty. Dur- ing these hearings there are a few points that I at least intend to offer amendments to. One is involvement of the poor. I still believe that the poor are not berng mearnngfully involved in this program. I believe this is largely the fault of administration. It is not the fault of Federal officials in PAGENO="0097" ECONOMIC OPPORTI~NITY A~T AMENDMENTS OF 1967 93 Washington but of local officials who apparently have the veto power over the program. Now I can understand why in some areas, I would not refer to Chi- cago but I would in this respect because I believe Chicago is doing a good job, that some local officials I think have some dedication to the problem but in many areas local officials are afraid of arousing the poor. They have read of the poor being articulate and expressing them- self and for that reason they are keeping the poor from any meaning- ful participation in the program. I think in those areas where such local officials are to have the veto power that they should either have it according to the law or else they should participate in the funding of the program. But to tell the poor people in some areas, including Los Angeles, that they have involvement and yet the local officials are running the program as they see fit and not always efficiently and in behalf of the poor, to me is telling people that we have given them something and we lead them to expect something and then they do not obtain it. I think this is largely the cause of the unrest and disorders that have occurred in Los Angeles. We should do something about it. Secondly, I also want to join in a criticism of innovation for innova- tion's sake. - I think that the new concentrated employment program was badly handled. It was launched under rather strange circumstances. I think it has made for much confusion and it is an accumulation of many programs, many of which have been in operation for more than a year. We have a right to ask why these benefits were not made available to the areas before now and why it is that suddenly these programs are put together and then launched in a sense as a new program. It is difficult obviously when you concentrate certain job programs in some areas, to explain to persons who live in those areas where they do not benefit, why we are taking certain programs and benefits and services away from one area and putting them in another area. It is impossible to tell poor people who live on 67th Street why they don't qualify when persons who are better ofF who live on 65th Street do qualify. It is difficult to tell certain individuals who are engaged in building manpower development programs why they are not in- cluded, why they are overlooked by local administration. I think we should give a second look to constant development of new programs involving a lot of waste and planning and retooling when we do not concentrate on making the older programs work. I certainly believe that we should in a sense slow down in the starting of many new programs. The time has come when we should concen- trate on the older programs and particularly on getting jobs for the unemployed. That to me is the basic reason behind the War on Poverty. Mr. PUCINSKI. Will you yield? Mr. HAWKINS. I yield if I have any time. Mr. PUCINSKI. The statement a~bout the participation of the poor, one of the most revealing statements made today, certainly is the best measure of the degree to which the poor have been involved in the program. The statement made by Mr. Berry and Mr. Shriver that out of some 1,000 community action programs across the coun- try your study shows that only eight have not reached the minimal criteria. 80-084 0-67-pt. l-7 PAGENO="0098" 94 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 I have no reason to doubt these figures. I am sure they are correct. I am sure we can all agree that these figures showing that. 992 pro- grams are making full use of involving the poor in the programs is a real tribute to the management of this program across the country. I think Mr. Shriver has every right to be extremely proud of this accomplishment. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Erlenborn. Mr. ERLENBORN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Shriver, Congressman Pucinski earlier suggested that you identify the programs that OEO is operating in Mr. Quie's and Mr. Goodell's areas so that they can find out if the poor are represented there. In line with t.his I also note in your statement that you find that the most significant difference between the Republican opportunity crusade and the current war on poverty is that the one sponsored by the administration .proposes to strengthen OEO with its coordinat- ing power improved. Later on you say that local communities need a single national source of information. Now along this line as far as the informa- tion we get from the OEO is concerned I would like to relate to you the experience I have had with your Information Dissemination Office. Earlier this year your office issued a report as to what Federal funds were spent in the State of Illinois, broken down county by county, to combat poverty. My county of Pu Page, which is about the fourth wealthiest county in the U.S., was listed as receiving some $29 million which gave me cause for concern. I wondered just how this happened to be. I had my staff contact your office and we got a breakdown of what those funds were. First of all almost all of the $29 million was social security benefits; it sur- prised me these were included in the War on Poverty but this was almost the total sum. There was one item there, $44,000, for a TB project in Pu Page County. We issued a press release, it was printed in the TB sanitar- ium district. They called the office and said, "Who got the money? We didn't." We started to run this down. We were advised by your office that you just had the machine readable forms from the other agencies of the Govermnent, you couldn't identify the project. We were sent to HEW. They said it must be the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta. We spent about 3 months trying to locate this $44,000. We finally were told that. it was spent in a school district in Cook County. We thought we had the funds located until we contacted the school district in Cook County and they said they didn't get the funds either. Now it finally turned out that these were funds that were obligated rather than spent. The press release was a little misleading. But the sum and substance of this whole thing is that the information we re- ceived showed $44,000 spent to combat TB in Pu Page County and instead it was a special reading and education expenditure from HEW in Cook County. If this is the kind of information we are going to get from the OEO, I am not certain it qualifies as an agency for our support. PAGENO="0099" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 95 Along the same line we have the community action program in the city of Joliet in my district. I think it has been very poorly run. We have one community group that has spent innumerable hours estitblish- ing their program. Each time it is submitted it is sent back saying that they have failed to fulfill some guidelines that were not. published or else they have been furnished the wrong forms. Finally they were rejected because their program was too sophisti- cated. We have had boys apply to the Job Corps who have waited for a year and still they have not been accepted or rejected. We have tried to find out how much has been spent in the last fiscal year on the War on Poverty in the city of Joliet. We have three different sets of figures. One from your national office, one from the Chicago regional office and one from the community action program in Joliet. We have not yet been able to get any of these figures of what has been spent in the past to agree. We are getting closer. The other day the community action director in Joliet, when he found out which reports we were reading, said: You can't follow those figures. That is a report I just threw together the other day for a report to the City Council. They are not accurate. It was obvious they weren't. It is obvious that we have a real barrier here. I am not certain that your agency is giving the proper information. I am not certain in the first place that you should be spending your time getting information as to how much social security funds are being spent and issuing re- leases to indicate they were spent on the War on Poverty. One of the members of my staff spent some time in your office trying to find the original press release. They have not been able to locate it. That gives me a sour taste for the Office of Economic Opportunity and really does not convince me that you are doing the job of a central information agency. Mr. SHRIVER. Could I respond to that, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. I think he wanted to make a speech. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, somebody has to balance Mr. Pucinski. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Gibbons. Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Shriver, if you would like to respond on my time, if you please. Mr. SHRIVER. I would not think of taking your time. I will respond to that later and in detail. Not on your time. Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead and respond. Mr. SHRIVER. No, it is not that important. The observations weren't that important. Mr. GIBBONS. I notice in the budget over here that apparently in the rural programs under title III your request is less this year than the actual for 1966. I notice the estimate for 1967. It is on the first page. Will you explain that? Mr. SHRIVER. Are you talking about the rural loan program? Mr. GIBBONS. Migrant workers and rural loan program. Mr. SHRIVER. The rural loan program does not have to be as big each year as the first year because it is a revolving fund and some money gets paid back into it. PAGENO="0100" 96 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Under the migrant heading, a part of it having to do with migrant education was transferred out by this committee and put into I believe the Office of Education as a special program over there. In fact, the comparable figures so far as the Government as a whole is concerned would have to include both ourself plus that which is assigned by this conunittee to the Office of Education to carry out. I can't remember what the figure was. It seems to me it was $30 million that you put into the Office of Education for education of migrants. Mr. GIBBONS. These Menominee Indians down here for eight-tenths of a million dollars, how do they get into our midst? Mr. SHRIVER. One, because of Orngressman Laird; two, in fact the Menominee Indians were on a reservation in Wisconsin. They were being dealt with as reservation Indians until about 4 years a~o when they changed into becoming a county of the State of Wisconsin called Menominee County. Menominee County is one of the poorest counties in America. It is almost wholly composed of the reservation Indians of Menominee. We undertook a program there because we coud treat it almost as if it were a reservation. In fact, it had been up until recently. In addition to that the entire congressional delegation both on the Senate side and House side from Wisconsin were interested in our doing a maximum job in that particular county because of the very low per capita income there. Mr. GIBBONS. I will yield the rest of my time, Mr. Chairman, until we get on the Job Corps. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Dellenback. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, I recognize that I come before this hearing today as a freshman. This, of course, has certain weaknesses of lack of back- ground but at the same time it seems to me that it~ may also have cer- tain advantages and certain strengths. As we have now been spending the last hour and a half listening here together it seems to me that the purpose of what we are really trying to do here is to review the record, to search out proper attainable goals in relationship to the special problems and special needs of the poor and then decide as a matter of Government policy how best we are going to meet these problems and needs. I hope that our purpose is not to engage in an intensified partisan.- ship and I hope we are not going to get this on either side of this par- ticular committee. If these are the right goals, then this requires a thorough and careful analysis of what has been and what amendments are proposed in H.R. 8311 andwhat amendments are proposed in H.R. 10682. My first question, Mr. Chairman, is not of the witness but my first question would be of you if I may, sir. Can you outline for me as one member of this committee just exactly what our program is going to be on these bills the rest of today and the next weeks that lie ahead, if necessary? Chairman PERKINS. The purpose is to consider the extension of the Economic Opportunities Act enacted in 1964. Certainly we will con- sider the amendments suggested in H.R. 8311 and all aspects. PAGENO="0101" ECONOMIC OPPOETUNITY'TACT' AMENDMENTS OF 1967 97 The hearings will be in depth to extend the present programs. They are not sacrosanct. There may be amendments to the programs, new programs, but the hearings are on the extension of the 1964 act and on }LR. 8311 and any other bill that may come before the committee. Mr. DELLENBACK. For the sake of those on the committee, Mr. Chair- man, can you outline for us how much time we are going to have? The purpose of my questioning is really this. As I look at this program and I see what is involved in it and I see the vast amount of energy and vast amount of money that has gone into this and recognize what I think is a very important program, I earnestly hope that we are going to take the time that may involve days and weeks, if necessary, to plunge in depth into this. We have spent about an hour and a half this .morning, and I recog- nize the difficulty of the Chair in this regard because you wanted to get on with the testimony, but we have here a battery of people who know the intricacies and details about this program. For one I want to know what the record has been. Chairman PERKINS. I will say to the gentleman that I have shared with the minority, Congressman Goodell and Congressman Quie, I have told those gentlemen that we would have hearings, they would be allowed a reasonable number of witnesses, all aspects of this pro- gram will be gone into. Mr. DELLENBACK. And we will have a chance to hear the de- tailed testimony all the way down the line? Chairman PERKINS. You certainly will. There is no undertaking on the part of anybody to cut off testimony without adequate hearings. Mr. GOODELL. I want to say we appreciate very much the assurance that the gentleman from Kentucky made. We think it is absolutely imperative that we have full and complete hearings. Uhairman PERKINS. I told the gentleman last week that we would get together today and agree on a certain number of witnesses, a reasonable number. I don't want this thing to go along here until fall. But we will go along and the hearings will be in depth. Mr. DELLENBACK. Again I am not being partisan on this. I just want to know. I think in fairness to Mr. Shriver and his people we want them to be assured that they are going to have a chance to take all the reasonable time that is necessary to tell this committee every- thing we ought to know about this program. Chairman PERKINS. I am sure the gentleman and all the committee members want the members that have not sat through these hear- ings before to know how the Job `Corps is working, the Neighborhood Youth Corps and all the other programs. I think the gentleman will be satisfied when the hearings are concluded. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Shriver, it is good to see you again. May I ask one question. I don't think this is the time to go into specifics yet. As we talk in terms of how you analyze and characterize the one set of proposals against the other, is it your feeling that OEO should be a permanent agency of the Government? * Mr. `SHRIVER. I never like the word "permanent" because frankly I hope that the time will come when there won't have to be a program of this type carried on for poor people because poor people will have PAGENO="0102" 98 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 been brought into the mainstream. Therefore, I have never looked upon OEO, or for t.hat matter the Peace Corps when I ran it, as being something that should be permanently the part of the Govern- ment like, say, the Justice Department. But I do believe it is going to take a number of years to accomplish the objectives of OEO. Therefore, I think of it as being something that' must continue for a reasonable length of time. Mr. DELLENBACK. You don't think it is the purpose of OEO to innovate programs and when they have been established and proven themselves, then to transfer them to another department? Mr. SHRIVER. I did not. mean to imply that either. I did not know I was speaking on that particular question. I think the record already shows we have started some programs which we did transfer out of the department. So there is no philosophical objection to that. On the other hand there is always the question of judgment really rather than science as to whether a program should or should not be delegated. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Ford. Mr. FORD. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to join the Chairman and other members on this side in adding my compliments and condolences, Sargent Shriver, for the `kind of job that you and your staff have been doing in cooperation with certain people of this country at the State and local level on the war on poverty. Once again as last year the crusaders have taken to horse to save you and the others in the Office of Economic Opportunity, and like their historic counterparts they are going to save you even if they have to kill you in the process. I am a little bit reminded of the story of the fellow who was throw- ing geraniums in the aquarium. `When he was asked why lie was throw- ing geraniums in his aquarium, this fellow's answer was, "Well, origi- nally I bought the aquarium for my son's goldfish, but never having had any experience with goldfish but some experience with other kinds of animals my son decided that it would be good for the goldfish to take it out for a walk and give it some fresh air. That is why we are now throwing geraniums in our aquarium." One of their principal pieces of surgery would be to excise the uni- versally accepted and successful Headstart from Community Action and for reasons that are yet vague to transfer the program to the Office of Education. Assuming that we transferred the Headstart program, both the year round and summer program, to the Office of Education under circuin- stances in which that legislation carried the same safeguards that all other legislation could furnish, to wit, that only public agencies could be the recipient of funds, could you tell us how many of the present on-going Headstart programs would not qualify because they are not in fact being funded directly through a public school agency? Mr. SHunTER. The answer to that question, Congressman Ford, is this. Fifty-five percent of all the year-round Headstart programs to- day are not run by any schools, public or parochial schools. Ten per- cent are run by parochial schools which would bring that figure to 65 percent. The remainder year-round programs are run by public schools. PAGENO="0103" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 99 Mr. FORD. Are the 10 percent in parochial schools being funded directly through an agency connected with that school and by teachers and other people who would normally be a part of that school sysfem? Mr. SHRIVER. If I understood the question correctly I think the answer is "Yes." Could you repeat it for me. Mr. FORD. In effect when a parochial school is the operative agency under Community Action, or a parochial school agency which may cover more than one school, is it public school employees or parochial employees who function in the program? Mr. SHRIVER. For the most part I would certainly think they would be parochial school employees although I imagine in some cases there might be some work back and forth. There would be people from one school system that would be working in the other one at one time or another. I would say basically, if I understand the great majority, 99 per- cent of them, would be people who work in that school system perma- nently just the way as they are in the public schools. Mr. FORD. With respect to the Headstart program that you carry on in such places, for example, as an Indian tribe served by the Bureau of Indian Affairs school rather than the public school system, what kind of agency normally operates Headstart under those circumstances? Mr. SHRIVER. On an Indian reservation we have Headstart run by the Indians themselves in community centers which the Indians themselves have created. We have the phenomenon, if you will, of VISTA vOlunteers who are working on the Indian reservation who themselves are teachers in the H'eadstart program. I have seen those Headstart programs being conducted in neighborhood centers or community centers on Indian reservations. I don't know whether they are being run in Bureau of Indian Affairs schools but I could find out. Mr. FORD. My question is not whether they are Bureau of Indian Affairs schools but whether they are being operated for children who are normally served by Bureau of Indian Affairs schools. Mr. SHRIVER. Yes. This is Jule Sugarman, Director of Headstart. STATEMENT OP ~FULE M. SUGARMAN, DIRECTOR, HEADSTART PROGRAM Mr. SUGARMAN. The answer is that most Bureau of Indian Affairs schools do not operate at the present school level. These are programs really additional t.o what they would be provided. They are serving children who may eventually go to Bureau of Indian Affairs schools. Mr. FORD. Do we have any State in which the public school agency has up until now not submitted an application to operate the Head- start program? Mr. SUGARMAN. The applications are submitted by local agencies rather than by the State agencies. We have full-year Headstarts and summer Headstarts in every State in the Nation and jn all the terri- tories at this point. Mr. FORD. In the State of Mississippi, how many Headstart pro- grams are we operating? PAGENO="0104" 100 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. STJGARMAN. My recollection is that we have at the present time 22 grantees for full-year programs. Mr. FORD. How many children are we serving? Mr. SUGARMAN. 30,000. Mr. Foim. Of those 30,000, how many are in programs operated exclusively by public school agencies? Mr. SUGARMAN. In terms of full-year programs, less than 5 percent. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Esch. Mr. ESOII. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Shriver, I am also, you might surmise, very pleased to he here with my Republican colleagues this year. I think we have an oppor- tunity to take a more objective look at the war on poverty and its progress. We are all concerned with giving each individual an oppor- tunity to become a contributing member of his own community. You voiced concern over the Republican proposals and suggested that the real problem was that they would destroy the central com- mand post of the war on poverty and perhaps indirectly eliminate the job of the general and the sergeant. At the heart of this matter, I think is when you said that the differ- ence is that the poor are recognized under OEO, and you continued this thesis throughout the remainder of your testimony, concluding with it as your major point. You are then suggesting, are you not, that the poor are not now adequately cared for under the Department of HEW and the Depart- ment of Labor? Mr. SHRIVER. The answer is not what I think. The answer is that Congress passed the law because poor people, about 30 million, 34 mil- lion of them at that time, needed special attention in order to get them into the full economic and social life of the Nation. We do have in the U.S. Government, Congressman, something called the Veterans' Administration. There are veterans hospitals, veterans educational programs, et cetera. This is not to say that veterans are iiot adequately or that HEW is not doing something properly. It is just to say that this Nation has decided that veterans need some special attention for special reasons. I think this Congress made a similar decision with respect to the poor, that since they are the least able, least articulate, least powerful, they need special attention. That is what was done. It was not intended by us or by Congress to be exclusively or primarily a criticism of somebody else. Mr. Eson. At the present time you are suggesting we continue pro- grams for an indefinite period of time because the poor need special attention other than what HEW or Labor can give them. Mr. SHRIVER. Other than which anybody has given them over the last 50 years. Let me say I am not worried about my job. I have offered to resign from this job many times just as I did with the Peace Corps. I can find other work that is pleasant and rewarding. Mr. ESCH. I am glad you have joined the ranks of Mr. O'Brien in that regard. Mr. SHRIVER. Let me put it the other way around-he joined my ranks. Mr. ESCH. You suggest that a large number of groups, 14 in num- ber, support the war on poverty? PAGENO="0105" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 101 Mr. SHRIVER. Fourteen in number? Mr. ESCH. You suggested that such things as American Medical Association. Mr. SHRIVER. I just picked them out from a hundred or more. Mr. ESCH. You are not suggesting these groups categorically and without qualification support all the programs of the war on poverty, are you? Mr. SHRIVER. No, I am not. Mr. ESCH. You are suggesting in effect they have supported some programs and they, too, recognize the need for improvement within the programs. Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir; I am not making that suggestion. I am making the suggestion that the American Bar Association, for example, has not only supported the legal services program but supports the con- tinued existence of OEO as being essential for the legal services program. I asked them specifically whether they would like to see the legal services program somewhere else in the Government. They have spe- cifically said "No" and they have testified to that effect. Mr. ESCH. You are suggesting, then, each one of these organizations involved in the program thinks the program should continue? Mr. SHRIVER. Not only am I suggesting that., that is a fact. I am also adding to that suggestion an additional fact, that most of these organizations except the AMA which has not acted as an organization, not only supported the programs that they are interested in but the entire concept and essential administration of the totality of these programs. Mr. Esen. Could we go into one other specific area, Mr. Shriver? It has been suggested that in the Headstart program, which all of us recognize as a worthwhile function, there have been a large number of poor involved as aides. Do you think that the poor should be hired in this Headstart pro- gram as teachers aides because they are poor, or should we work to get in the Headstart program those people who might be selected on the basis of having the interest and the qualification and the aptitude and the training necessary to be most effective for that job? Mr. SHRIVER. We take as a matter of principle that these people who are employed do have the most aptitude, do have the most qualifica- tions, not only because they are poor but because they live in the com- munity. One of the traumatic shocks that any child suffers no matter what kind of family he comes from is when he first goes to school. Every- body knows that. If a child is younger than 6 years of age, say 4 or 5, and goes into Headstart, that shock is even greater. If that child, let us say, is a Spanish-speaking Mexican who goes to an English-speaking classroom for the first time in his life that. multi- plies the shock. If that child is poor in addition, the shock is even greater. So, the involvement of the parents of the children of the poor from the neighborhood is not to involve somebody who is not as qualified as a Northwestern College senior or a Harvard Ph. D. PAGENO="0106" 102 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS ~OF 1967 It is to involve somebody who gives a community sense to the pro- gram, who makes the child feel at home, who provides psychological support to a child at a very crucial point in that child's intellectual and social development. Therefore, this is not a frill or something that we do in lieu of doing something better. We do it because it is better than doing what was just suggested. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Hathaway. Mr. HATHAWAY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Shriver, it is a pleasure to have you testify before us. I have enjoyed your statement and I agree with it a hundred percent. I want to give you this opportunity, if you will excuse the expres- sion, to elaborate on your answer to Mr. Dellenback's question which is my question also. I assume that for the long run you have formulated a general phi- losophy with respect to the spinoff of various functions that are now held by OEO. If you could give us your thoughts on this matter I would certainly appreciate it. Mr. SHRIVER. I will be happy to. Let me start off by saying that when a program is in the community action section, you might say, of our total effort we either think it belongs in there because it is a community program or we don't have it in there to begin with. Consequently, when we open up a neighborhood health center it is not just another clinic like a well baby clinic financed by the Children's Bureau or the USPHS. The same thing is true about the legal pro- gram. When we open up a legal program it is not just a legal program whereby some lawyers are paid to go help poor people with their repre- sentation needs. It has to be a community program or it does not belong in com- munity action. Now we have a series of charts here if you will give me 5 minutes. I don't want to necessarily get into this in depth right now, Mr. Chair- man, which attempt to explain why, for example, Headstart is a com- munity action program. It does not make too much difference to me frankly and personally whether community action as a whole neces- sarily reports to me. But I think it would be a tragedy if community action were deci- mated so that there was no longer a series of programs which are truth- fully community programs rather than health programs or legal pro- grams or education programs or social welfare programs. The very first one there on that chart indicates why we think, at any rate, that Headstart is a community action program. In the first place there being something like a half million peopl~e to volunteer and work in Headstart. We calculated last year that the value of the services rendered by volunteers, if calculated on a dollar and a quarter an hour, that exceeded the total Federal contribution to the program and the involvement of volunteers is an attempt to make it a community pro- gram rather than just a professional program. Second, Headstart has been effective in developing new careers, which Congressman Scheuer is interested in, as teachers aides from among the people in the community, from among people who never be- fore thought of working in what we call early childhood development. PAGENO="0107" ECONOMI'C~~ OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 103. There are now, for example, a number of universities which have early childhood development courses, which used to have vacancies for applications to go into those courses but which are now swamped with applications to go into early childhood development. I could give you 10 universities where they don't have the space any longer to take applicants to go to work in this field. Many of these people become interested in the field by being aides in these courses, again affecting the community, not just the child. The next thing is the parent involvement. I tried to explain to Congressman Esch, who seems to have gone, what we think are some of the significant aspects of parent involvement, especially for poor children. We estimate there are probably as many as a hundred thousand poor parents, either paid workers or volunteers, in Headstart alone. This not only has the effect which I was trying to describe to Congress- iii an Esch. It also has a terrifically valuable effect on their children in the family and on the home, itself. We have lots of evidence which indicates that the attitude of the parent about the other children changes, the parents themselves become interested for the first time and willing for the first time to go to adult education classes because they are not so embarrassed any longer about not knowing things. Second, they want to keep up with their own kids so that they can help their children with homework. So now they go to adult education classes when before they would not go. Why? Because for the first time they are actually in a school building. They have been welcomed in a school building from which heretofore they have been excluded. In addition, in their own home the way they handle the other children in the house has modified substantially because they were involved in this program. That is changing the community item by item, home by home you might say, changing the community for the better, this weakness for the better. There is a great deal more not only on this one but on other pro- grams which are in community action which leads me to recommend to this committee as I have on previous occasions that they be kept together as community action programs, not fragmented into being health, education, early childhood or whatever else it may be, programs. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Gardner. Mr. GARDNER. I was quite interested in your statement that you would hope that OEO would not be a permanent organization, that we would be able to phase it out over a period of time. I remember back in 1960 during the presidential campaign at that time we were told there were 15 million Americans in the poverty area. By 1964 it climbed to approximately 30 million Americans dur- ing the 1964 presidential campaign. Do you have any idea as far as time or in sums of money what it will take to eliminate poverty in America? Mr. SHRIVER. Yes, I do. Mr. GARDNER. We seem to be going in reverse. I was just wondering. PAGENO="0108" 104 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. I don't know whom you were listening to in the 1960 campaign. You could not have been listening to President Kennedy who never said there were 15 million poor people in the United States in that campaign. Mr. GARDNER. Did he quote any figures at that time ~ It seems to me I remember the statement was made that 15 million Americans went to bed at night without proper food and various other things. Mr. SHRIVER. Regardless of what you remember or I remember, the actual figures are as follows: Let me say when we started this program the Council of of Eco- nomic Advisers estimated there were 341/2 million people who were living below what they picked as a statistical differentiation between those who were poor and those not poor. The statistical differentiation was based simply on the $3,000 per annum cash flow to a family of four. That standard has since been improved but the number remains approximately the same; namely, the numbers were right at the beginning, they still are right. In the 21/2 years we have been in existence, that figure has gone from 34.5 down closer to 31.7 or 32. So there has been both a numerical reduction and a percentage reduction in the total number of poor people since the start of this program. We don't claim the credit for having taken all those people out of poverty but I am very glad t.hat they have come out because if in the same period more people have gone into poverty I think I would be in much tougher shape with this committee than I am. Whether we were responsible for them going into poverty or not I would be blamed or we would be blamed. Third, there has been a steady reduction in the total number of people in poverty and the percentage of people in poverty since 1961 when President Kennedy came into office. Mr. GARDNER. I yield to my colleague from New York. Mr. GOODELL. I would like to put this matter in perspective. The re- port of the Council of Economic Advisers refers to the percentage of poor families in the United States based upon the $3,000 income figure that you refer it. In 1950 there were 29.9 percent of our people in poverty. By 1960, it was down to 20.3 percent, roughly from 30 to 20 percent. Since 1960 it has gone down to 16.5 percent. So actually in the last 6 years our pace of eliminating poverty has slowed in this country over the pace from 1950 to 1960. Now, that is from the report of the Council of Economic Advisers in terms of the percentage of poor families. You modestly said you don't attribute the drop entirely to poverty programs since the pov- erty program got underway. I think it is very clear that there are a great many other factors involved in the reduction in the percent- age of poor families in this country. Mr. SHRIVER. Let me add to that that the rate of reduction will probably get slower and slower because the people we are now dealing with are harder and harder to take out of poverty. It is a little bit like sending up a rocket or airplane or going down in the submarine. It is easy to get the first 500 or a thousand feet under the water. But the problems as you go deeper don't go up arithmetically; they go up geometrically. PAGENO="0109" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 105 The same thing is true in space. We are going to find no matter how good this program is or the total effort of this program or even if the opportunity crusade were enacted we are going to find I guar- antee you that the rate will not be as easy in the future as it has in the past. The work gets tougher every year because we are dealing with more difficult cases. Mr. GOODELL. You know I agree with that. The dispute is just what is the best way to go about it. Mr. SHElVER. I don't think the record made it clear that you did agree with me. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Scheuer. Mr. SCHEIJER. I think the question is exact.ly the last sentence that my colleague from New York was describing the best way the Gov- ernment should go about it. That is why I have always sat back in rapt amazement when our Republican colleagues tell us that we should let local communities handle the problem of poverty. It is obvious to me for half a century the local communities, State communities, have; been ignoring the problem of poverty. I would like to welcome you today, Mr. Shriver and congratulate you, too, but for something other than what you have been congratu- lated on before. I wouldn't congratulate you on the smoothness with which this pro- gram has been administered or the fact. that some mistakes have been made. As you have said this is not a smooth, neat program, it is not susceptible of a smooth, neat answer. Mistakes have been made. The problems are ugly problems, complicated problems. I think our colleagues on the other side of the aisle like to see nice, neat, simple answers to the problems of our society. Unfortunately the problems are not very susceptible to nice, neat, simple answers. We don't know all the answers. We don't know many of the answers to get the people out of poverty. What I want to congratulate you on, and this is the indispensable and unique role that your agency plays, is the courage and profession- alism and resourcefulnes and creativity with which you go after the unique, sensitive and sometimes explicit problems of poverty. This is the overlying reason why these programs cannot simply be atomized and given back to the regular executive branch agency. I want to congratulate you. I am not going to ask you whether you want to be congratulated because maybe you don't want to be con- gratulated. The thing I think you deserve the most congratulation on is your willingness to be a change agent, to change the institutions of our society that have failed the poor, to change the education establish- ment which under the competition they become more and more enthusiastic every month. They are accepting the parent outreach which for decades the education establishment refused to accept. Your changing the institution of health services, your community health services in t.he Bronx a.nd in Denver and Boston are starting a ripple of change in the education establishment. The AMA finally now has got.ten into the business of providing health services in the community with the involvement of the poor. The same thing goes for t.he whole business of job training and employment.. PAGENO="0110" 106 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 You have been a change agent. That has radically affected the estab- lishment. The State employment agencies, perhaps the most. hide bound, rock-ribbed conservative entrenched bureaucracies that the mind of man has ever devised, are beginning t.o think of how to do the job differently, how they can design jobs that will attract the. poor, make it possible for the poor to break out of their structure of unemployment. The same thing in welfare services. You have proven that we can get people off of welfare into jobs if t.hey are given the motivation. The welfare institution, the welfare establishment, now is thmkmg about changing its way of doing business. I want to congratulate you for your courage above and beyond the call of duty, with all the mistakes that have been made, with all the things we have bragged ahout~ what you have been willing to do is to experiment, to take chances, to take risks, to push our established insti- tutions to go through the agonizing reappraisal of how they can do their job better. The very fact t.hat they want to grab these programs now, the very fact that OE wants to grab Headst.art is a measure of the spec- ta.cula.r success which your innovative efforts have produced. Mr. Smiivmi. Thank you very much, Mr. Congressman. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Steiger. Mr. STErnER. Mr. Shriver, the question that was asked previously as to the removal of persons from the poor category, according to a release printed in the Los Angeles Times on December 31, 1966, "The White House announced Friday, 2-year-old war on poverty takes 3.4 million persons out of poverty." My concern here is why the announcement that this many people had been taken out of poverty was made not by the Office of Economic Opportunity which according to your testimony works as a unified command post. in the war on poverty but. rather the Office of Education and t.he Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Mr. SnRIvER. The st.a.t.ist.ics we have are available to all the depart- ments of Government. You will find out. Congressman, the longer you are down here., you will find out t.ha.t various people make announce- ments at various times to suit the needs of the sit.ua±ion. We don't hoard these stat.istics. We make them available to every- body. It is not surprising that the Secretary or somebody else made the statement. I didn't happen to see it but that does not mean it is improper for them to make it. Mr. STEIGER. If your agency is supposed t~o act as a unified command post it seems to me somewhat unusual that somebody other than than unified agency would make that kind of announcement. or that kind of analysis. Mr. SHRIVER. Not only is it not unusual; it is usual. Mr. STEIGER. Do you have any information on whether or not the report' by Secretary Gardner which indica.ted that the administration hoped to remove 500,000 more persons from poverty from January 1 to July 1 has been successful? Mr. SHRIVER. That. st.a.tement, Bob Levine informs me sotto voce, was based on his analysis of what would happen if the Social Security Administration amendments were enacted by the Congress. PAGENO="0111" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 107 Since they have not been enacted I guess it won't happen by the 1st of July. Mr. Sr~IGER. The urban community action programs received the bulk of title IV funds during the full fiscal year 1965 and 1966. In fiscal year 1967 the programs were funded as I understand it on the basis of having programs continue. As a result of that the rural communities in my State at least have complained that there has been an inequitable distribution of anti- poverty money. I have two questions. No. 1, what percentage of community action money went to rural programs in fiscal year 1967? No. 2, do you plan to increase the funds for rural community action programs in fiscal year 1968? Mr. SHRIVER. In fiscal 1967 it was 35 percent. In 1968 we hope to get it up to at least 36 percent. Mr. STEIGER. Thirty-five percent? Mr. SHRIVER. I am giving you the OEO totals. Were you asking for something different than that? Mr. STEIGER. No. What percentage of CAP money? Mr. SHRIVER. Excuse me, I am sorry. I was giving you the total. The community action money was 32 percent in fiscal 1967. We hope to have it at 36 percent in fiscal 1968. The overall figure for all OE.O programs rural versus urban, 35 percent went to rural of all OEO programs, this past fiscal year. `We hope to to get that up to another percentage point in 1968. Mr. STEIGER. You are increasing the percentage allocated for rural community action programs by 1 percent, is that correct? Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir. I am confusing you. I am sorry. Community action this past year was 32 percent. We hope to get it up, we plan to get it up to 36 percent. So that is 4 percentage points. Mr. STEIGER. For all community action? Mr. SHRIVER. Yes, for community action. Mr. STEIGER. What I am asking is what percentage of the 32 percent in fiscal year 1967 went to rura.l community action programs? Mr. SHRIVER. That is what did go. Let us say you take community action which is run by Mr. Berry, one of our programs, 32 percent of all the money for community action went to the rural areas in 1967. We planned to get 36 percent of all that money to rural America in 1968. Mr. STEIGER. So you are increasing the percentage 4 percent between fiscal year 1967 and fiscal year 1968? Mr. SHRIVER. That is right. Mr. QUIE. Will you yield? Mr. STEIGER. Yes. Mr. QUIR. I would like to have an identification of what you mean by rural. Mr. SHRIVER. It is 5,000, towns of 5,000 in counties outside of the standard metropolitan statistical areas. In other words, any town with 5,000 persons or less is counted as a part of rural America in order to determine how many people live in rural America. Here is another chart which happens to involve at the end these rural areas. That~ does not answer your question precisely but it is relevant. PAGENO="0112" 108 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Chairman PERKINS. Sargent Shriver, let me thank you for your appearance. I hate to request that you stand by. We hope to be back with you Thursday a.m. At this time the committee will recess until 10 a.m. tomorrow, for a full committee meeting. Mr. SHRIVER. I would like to extend an invitation if I may. There is a luncheon going on here at 12:15 involving the members of the new Sports Advisory Council to OEO, right here in the building someplace and anybody in the Congress who would like to come is welcome. We have some people like Rocky Marciano who would make you feel safe at lunch and other leading sport celebrities. It is in room B-369 at 12:15. (Whereupon, at 12:05 p.m. the committee recessed to reconvene at 10 a.m., Friday, June 16, 1967.) PAGENO="0113" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 FRIDAY, IUNE 16, 1967 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMIITEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR, Wa$Mngton, D.C. The committee met at 10:35 a.m., pursuant to call, in room 2175, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Carl D. Perkins (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Representatives Perkins, Green, Brademas, Gibbons, Ford, Hathaway, Mink, Meeds, Ayres, Quie, Goodell, Bell, Scherle, Dellen- back, and Steiger. Also present: H. D. Reed, Jr., general counsel; Robert E. McCord, senior specialist; Louise Maxienne Dargans, research assistant; Ben- jamin F. Reeves, editor of committee publications; Austin Sullivan, investigator; Marian Wyman, special assistant to the chairman Charles W. Radcliffe, minority counsel for education; John R. Buck- ley, chief minority investigator; Dixie Barger, minority research as- sistant; and W. Phillips Rockefeller, minority research specialist. Chairman PERKINS. The committee will come to order. A quorum is present. Again, Mr. Sargent Shriver, I am delighted to have the opportunity to welcome you back before the committee to continue your presenta- tion which you started the other day on a very important bill. We may have to interrupt you again Monday in the event that you are unable to complete all aspects of your testimony today and tomorrow, because Monday morning we intend to mark up the bill reported from Mrs. Green's subcommittee involving the Teaching Professions Act in title V of the Higher Education Act and including the Teacher Corps. That order of business commands top priority at this time. I think it was understood that you have the Director of the Job Corps and of the Neighborhood Youth Corps with you. Will you proceed and handle your testimony in any way you prefer. STATEMENTS OF SARGENT SHRIVER, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF ECO- NOMIC OPPORTUNITY; BERTRAND M. HARDING, DEPUTY DIREC- TOR; WILLIAM P. KELLY, D'IR~CTOR, JOB CORPS; DONALD M. BAKER, GENERAL COtfl~TSEL; ROBERT A. LEVINE, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, RESEARCH, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND EVALUATION; AND DAVID GOTTLIEB, ASSISTANT TO THE JOB CORPS DIRECTOR Mr. SHRIVER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I might just observe for your information that we are scheduled to testify on the Senate side about the Office of Economic Opportunity and our programs on Monday at 9:30 I suspect. 109 80-084 O-67----pt. 1-8 PAGENO="0114" 110 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Chairman PERKINS. If it is all right with you, should we fail to finish with you today, we will invite you back here tomorrow. Mr. GIBBoNs. I have no objection. Chairman PERKINS. If there is any objection among the members, let me know. I am going home tomorrow night. Go ahead, Mr. Shriver. Mr. SHRIVER. So far as we are concerned, Mr. Chairman, you know that we are ready and willing to testify at the convenience of the committee, tomorrow or any other time. I just mentioned about Mon- day because we already have a commitment to testify on the Senate side on Monday. That is the only reason I brought it up. Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead. Mr. SHRIVER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. As you will remember, and other members of the committee will recall, it was my suggestion that this year it would be helpful I hoped for the committee to have an extended period of time to go into each of the programs that we have been attempting to operate. One of those which is quite large and has occasioned a lot of discussion is the Job Corps. I thought it would behelpful if we started, therefore, today with the Director of the Jobs Corps, William Kelly, as our first witness, and after his statement, with the committee's permission, we would like to go into the details about the Job Corps that members of the com- mittee I think would be interested in hearing. So if it is agreeable to you, Mr. Chairman, I would like to introduce William Kelly, who is the Director of the Job Corps. In introducing him, I might say that he is, to me at any rate, a very unusual career government civil servant for many reasons. One of the most interesting I believe is the fact that he started off in the Gov- ernment as a GS-2~ and from GS-2 he has gone to the point where he now is a Presidential appointee operating the Job Corps. He has gone from GS-2 to a Presidential appointee withoi~t the benefit of any waiver of the Whitten amendment at any step along the way, so that he has gone up every rank that there is in the civil service to his present position. Mr. Kelly. Mr. KELLY. Thank you, Mr. Shriver. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, the Congress showed great wisdom, vision, and statesmanlike action in the creation of the Job Corps and in its recognition that the Job Corps was not merely a vocational education program. It was recognized that the extraordinary deprivation of the youth to be involved in this program was such as to necessitate an under- taking in total human renewal. In this past Sunday's Parade magazine, there is an article by Lloyd Shearer. I quote from the third paragraph: Recently 161 Negro girls were graduated from vocational high school in Washington, D.C. They had acquired acceptable skills in typing, filing, other clerical work. Of this number, only two were found `to be employable by civil service, the telephone company, retail outlets, etc. Do you know the reason why they were unemployable? PAGENO="0115" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 111 The article goes on to say that the reason these young women could not be placed was that, although they were Americans, they could not speak their own language. A local service industry, desiring to hire some of these girls, con- tacted Howard University and asked Dr. Charles Hurst, Jr., if he could provide a course in communication. Dr. Hurst, in turn, called Job Corps and requested our curriculum material on communication. Communication skill is one aspect of human renewal. Health is another aspect of human renewal. The development of dignity is still another objective of human renewal. The development of proper social behavior is another part of human renewal. Teaching respect for law and order is still another aspect of human renewal. Teaching totally illiterate youngsters to read and write is one of the great challenges of human renewal. Teaching youngsters proper work habits must be a part of human renewal. Teaching young people a marketable skill is human renewal. Teaching youngsters such fundamental things :as how to dial a telephone, how to read a newspaper, and how to fill out an employment application are all aspects of human renewal. How not to be deceived by a loan shark is an important link in human renewal. Providing young women with the wherewithal to be good wives and mothers is part of this human renewal-how to plan a budget, how to cook a meal, how to organize a household, and how to care for children. These are the ingredients necessary for human renewal. Human renewal is not cheap. Mere vocational education is cheaper. Human re- newal is not easy. It `has its failures. We have had our share. But that's what the Job Corps is all about-Human renewal! I would like `to take a few minutes of your time to tell you about the youngsters we have in the Job `Corps-what they are doing and what. has happened to them as a result of the Job Corps experience. I have here an actual photograph of a Job Corps enrollee. as we re- ceived him at Camp Parks, Calif. His likelihood of being hired even if he had a skill, with this physical appearance, is very small. As you can see from this second photograph taken later, even if we did nothing else for him, we did provide him with teeth-so that he could eat and make a decent appearance when he went to apply for a job. This is at least one of the things we did for this youngster. If you will look to my right, you will see the first chart that we would like to discuss with the committee. This is a chart titled "Profile of a Job Corps Enrollee." Of the 38,000-plus youngsters we have in the Job Corps today, the males have had 8.8 years of school and the fe- males have had 9.8 years of school. The reading level among males, even though they may have had eight grades is only four grades; among the females, six. The math level is four and five grades. They have come from rural areas-in' the case of the males, 19 percent of them, in the case of the PAGENO="0116" 112 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 females, 5 percent. They have come from small towns or medium- sized cities-40 percent and 35 percent, respectively, and from large metropolitan areas, 100,000 or rnore-41 percent and 60 percent. Employment with full or part-time job prior to the Job Corps-65 percent of the males and 50 percent of the females, of those reporting. Sixty percent said they made less than $1.25 au hour. The pre-Job Corps earnings reported to the Social Security Administration av- eraged only $639 a year with 2.5 quarters being worked. Of those eligible for the Armed Forces, 47 percent failed the test. Thirty percent failed for educational reasons, the mental test, and 17 percent failed for physical reasons. Eighty percent of our enrollees had not seen a doctor or dentist in the past 10 years. Sixty perceiit come from broken families. For 63 percent, the head of the household is unemployed. Thirty percent of our youngsters cannot. read or write. They are illiterate. Thirty percent are illiterate. Looking at the next chart, titled "Enrollees on Board June 12, 1967" we have a breakdown of the current enrollment. You can see that in men's urban centers we have 15,120, which is 39 percent of the total. In women's urban centers we have 8,113, which is 22 percent of the total, and I am sure you are all aware of the fact that we have an amendment from last year's legislative act.ion which requires us to have 23 percent women on board by the stai~t. of t.he coming fiscal year. In the conservation centers we have 13,701, which is 36 percent of the total, but 49 percent of all male enrollees. Again it is part of exist- ing legislation that at. any given time no less than 40 percent of the male enrollees of the Job Corps must. be assigned to conservation centers. We also have 950 in State-related centers and 503 in demonstration centers. Now, those figures were as of June 12. I was told this morning that we have 39,100 young people in the Job Corps as of midnight last night. This chart titled "Job Corps Gets Younger," has considerable sig- nificance to the Job Corps. One of the things that it points out. is that recent Job Corps enrollees are younger than those of a year ago and that fact has all kinds of ramifications for us in terms of employmentS employability, State laws, bonding requirements, and so on. You can see that about 30 percent of our youngsters right at this moment are 16 years old and 25 percent are 17 years old, so that 55 percent of our population falls into the 16- and 17-year-old category. And you can see that over time the ,Job Corps has tended to become younger because the percentage has moved up as you move from left to right on the chart. It might be helpful for the members of the committee to note, in terms of the booklet (Job Corps Reports, .June 1967' that we provided to you on Monday, that the chart we are looking at now, titled "Rate of Achievement in Education," is on page 58 of that long, thin booklet.~ if you would like to use your own volume. This chart. indicates the rate of achievement in education that. the Job Corps has been able to create. PAGENO="0117" ECONOMIC OPPORTIJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 113 The public school norm is that for every 10 months in school the average pupil gains one grade level. Prior to the Job Corps, for every 10 months in school the average Corpsman gained six-tenths of a grade in reading and math. In `the Job Corps, for every 10 months in Job Corps, the average gain is 1.5 grades in reading and 1.8 grades in math. The range among centers is from four-tenths of a grade to four grade levels in reading and from two-tenths of a grade to five grade levels in mathematics. In other words, we have some centers where, in a period of 10 months, the enrollee gains four grade levels in reading and five grade levels in math. We were never able to do this before, but as of `the 1st of March we are able now to arrange our centers in terms of the gains that they make in teaching the basic educational components. That is going to have, and is having, for us great value in terms of making the necessary shifts and changes inside those centers to im- prove the program. One of the things that makes `this a `program in total human renewal is the attention that we pay to social development. You can find this chart, titled "Social Development," on page 59 in your booklet. We rate all of our corps men and women on such points as punctuality, coop- eration, need for supervision, speaking habits, neatness, appearance, reaction to criticism and suggestion, politeness, table manners, and re- action to difficult problems. We have a scale on which we rate them. For example, Does the corps- man get places on time? On the left-hand side of the scale you can see, "Rarely or never. He comes in late and never notifies anyone before- hand. He rarely has a good reason for being late." And then you see on the right-hand side, "Always very punctual. If he must be late, he noti- fies `ahead of time and has a good excuse." That is the scale on punctu- ality. Why do we concentrate on this? Because it is extremely important in the world of work, and we have been told by some employers that this is the most important aspect of training, that if you can get a young man or woman who is punctual, who is neat, who knows how to deal with his fellow employees, knows how to take care of his tools, knows good social behavior, then the employer has an employee that he can do nearly anything with by way of training. Again this chart, titled "Vocational Gains in Job Corps," is on page 60 in your booklet. We have been able since the 1st of March to plot basic milestones in vocational gains in the Job Corps and this chart indicates first of all what are some of the milestones such as in auto- motive: Basic engines. That part of the curriculum is just an introduc- tion to the engine. "This is the carburetor," and so on, so' that a youngster can identify those things. Engine tuneup is the next step. How do you take out the plugs and clean them, take out the points and replace them? How do you use a device in order to check the timing on the automobile; elemental engine tuneup. Then he can move to transmissions, to front-end alinement, brakes, then engine, overhaul, automotive machine shop where you actually tear down and rebuild, engines, such as planing heads, reboring the engine `block itself. PAGENO="0118" 114 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 19 67 So that every time a youngster moves through one of these steps there is a record of his having satisfactorily completed that step in terms of the vocational program he is in. The next chart, titled "Follow-up Statistics," is on page 63 in your booklet. This is a presentation of our followup statistics to May 1, 1967. The Job Corps has put out, put through the system since its in- ception, 75,410 youngsters. That includes youngsters that may have only stayed 1 day, but in any case we have had 75,410 boys and girls in and out of the Job Corps. Our data show that 70 percent or 52,985 of these young people en- tered jobs, school or the military. Of that amount 40,000-plus or 76 percent entered jobs; 5,000-plus or 10 percent entered the military; 7,000 or 14 percent entered school or returned to school. It also shows that our Job Corps enrollees obtained better jobs with higher skills, better wages, $1.71 per hour on the average versus $1.19 previously reported as pay. At the moment we have 22,415 youngsters who are not in jobs, school, or the military. The majority of them are not Job Corps corn- pleters. They dropped out. Twenty percent are under 18 years of age, and this is very significant because if you are under 18 years of age in this country, it is extremely difficult to get employment regardless of your training. We will cover that in just a couple of minutes. Nine- teen percent of these 22,000 had a police record, and that is a problem wherein a youngster faces employment resistance if he has a police record. Fifty-three percent of them face low employment opportunities at their home location and are not old enough to be mobile or have not gained the degree of sophistication or maturity to be mobile. They went back to the ghetto, and I think everybody is aware of the tre- mendously high unemployment rates in the ghetto even among older people. Ninety-one percent lack high school diplomas or equivalent which is again a problem, a barrier to successfully getting a job. On page 64 of the booklet it is interesting to note from this chart, titled "Verified Placements in Jobs, School, or Military," that the longer you stay in Job Corps, the better your chances are of being placed in jobs, school, or in the military. You will note that of those people who left in less than 3 months from Job Corps, only 52 percent of them are employed. You see a dramatic increase and really kind of a peaking when you look at the bar that. says 6 but less than 9 months, and 9 but less than 12 months. The youngsters that stay that length of time in the Job Corps, 80 percent of them and 82 percent of them, respectively, have jobs. You will see for the youngsters who stay the longest, when you move over to the last bar which is 15 months or longer, that 88 percent of those youngsters have jobs. On page 65 we have a chart depicting the "Starting Hourly Wages After Training." Hourly rates are plotted against time in Job Corps. The scale on the bottom shows months in Job Corps. It will be noted that the lowest wage scales are among those youngsters who left before they were there 3 months. You will note again that, in terms of time, the longer you stay, the more you learn, the more you earn. PAGENO="0119" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 115 On page 71, titled "Conservation Work Performed by Corpsmen," is a depiction of the contributions that have been made by our young people working in the Job Corps conservation centers. The actual appraised value by the Departments of Agriculture and t.he Interior to May 1, 1967, is some $26 million. You can see that in beautification they have planted trees and landscaped 13,000 acres; they have built 10,000 picnic tables, fireplaces, and cabins. They have improved 15,000 acres of fish and wildlife habitat. But in addition to this many of our Job Corps enrollees have participated in work in their local com- munities. For example, in Clinton, Iowa, when the floods hit that city last March, we had 250 girls from the Clinton Job Corps center down on the levee for 4 days filling sandbags. That is not reflected here. Job Corps enrollees have cleaned up after tornadoes in Wisconsin and in Iowa and in other places. Again, the value of that work is not indicated here. Another contribution that has been made by the Job Corps, which is really a kind of a fallout because there really wasn't ever a dollar appropriated to the Job Corps for this kind of thing and it has been just a kind of echo effect, a bonus, is in our educational materials. Our materials will be used by Project New Start in Canada, which is the Canadian version of the Job Corps. The Air Training Command is using our basic curriculum for math and reading. Twenty-five school systems selected by the NEA and the National Association of Secondary School Principals are going to be using our basic educational materials and the District of Columbia is going to use them in their summer school program this summer. On page 80, in addition, educational materials have been requested by and distributed to 58 public school systems, 12 Community Action agencies and so forth. There are many other organizations that have our materials, including the NDEA institute for teachers of disad- vantaged youth. This is page 40 of your booklet, titled "Job Corps Direct Operating Cost." I am sure you will all recall that in conference report No. 2298, page 29, dated October 17, 1966, a statutory limitation on enrollee costs was levied upon the Job Corps. The statutory defini- tion and where we have come with it are depicted in this chart. From January to June 1966, our center operating costs and enrollee direct costs on centers in operation more than 9 months, which are those that are defined, were $8,470 per enrollee man-year. From July 1966 to May 1967, they come to $6,950 per enrollee man- year. Our fiscal year 1968 plan indicates a further reduction based on the same definition to $6,700 per enrollee man-year. On page 42 of your booklet you will see the men's urban centers direct operating cost, and you will see that from the inception of the Job Corps to December 1965 the average dollar cost per enrollee man-year was $10,740. From January to June 1966 it moved to $9,600; from July 1966 to May 1967, $7,630 and our fiscal year 1968 plan calls for $6,700. The direct operating cost for women's urban centers is depicted in the same way on page 43. From inception to December 1965, $9,990; January to June 1966, $6,686; July 1966 to May 1967, $8,642. Now we PAGENO="0120" 116 EcONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, have there a slight increase. The reason why we have had it is that not only have we brought onstream about eight women's centers in the last 4 or 5 months but we have also expanded existing centers in order to meet the requirements of the 23-percent amendment. Our fiscal year 1968 plan, which we believe we can meet, calls for $7,200 per enrollee man-year in women's centers. Conservation centers direct operating cost from inception to Decem- ber 1965, $6,150; January to June 1966, $6,550; July 1966 to May 1967, $6,112; and the fiscal year 1968 operating plan calls for $5,900. Mr. Chairman, that is what we believe to be the highlight of our presentation. We would be delighted to answer any questions that you or other members of the committee would like to ask. Thank you. Chairman PERKINS. I would think that the members of the commit- tee at this time may want to interrogate you before we go ahead with the Neighborhood Youth Corps. So that, I have a few questions my- self. We will operate strictly on the 5-minute rule. I personally have always had a great admiration for the Job Corps dating back to the predecessor in a sense, dating back to the old Civilian Conservation Corps. I recall back in 1933 when times were really hard that I drove six youngsters from right around my home, drove 125 miles to Middleburg, Ky., so that they could enroll at that time in the Civilian Conservation Corps and they had to go far away from home in California, but the training was so valuable. Then a little later, the civilian conservation work was brought closer to home. All that good work stands out today as you drive into eastern Kentucky. Then within 30 miles of my home in the Buckhorn section the forest that was planted by those youngsters at that time could be utilized today on land that was completely wasted at that time. That is not the point here today as I see it. We have a program that has adequate room and we need to make a massive effort to do some- thing about the disadvantaged youngster, and in conducting the hear- ings back in 1963 on the vocational educational bill and the Job Corps and prior to that time, back in 1961 and 19&2, personally I never could see any overlapping between the Job Corps and the vocational educa- tion because of the tremendous amount of work to be done if we are going to do something about getting these youngsters off the street that are really disadvantaged and not turn our backs on these young- sters which I don't feel the Congress can afford to do. It developed during those hearings in my way of thinking that in vocational education there was lack from the standpoint of, we may say, know-how, to reach this really disadvantaged youngster. I think that that stands out today. I think that that is the problem that we have to cope with, that vocational educators have to come up with better programs to reach the real hard core. I am very much impressed with the statement that you have made about the curriculum that you have developed that has worked so satisfactorily. Do you see where this program could be replaced at this time by residential school centers, or if that was done, would there not be a tremendous gap where the real hard-core youngster with very little education entered a vocational school; would he not be completely overlooked? PAGENO="0121" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDME~PS OF 1967 117 Mr. KELLY. I think that is correct, Mr. Chairman. I think it would be a national tragedy to dismantle the Job Corps because it is only within the last 6 months that we have been able to gather the kind of data, been able to measure the kind of effect that the Job Corps has, been able to identify exactly what our population is like, that 30 percent of our kids cannot read or write. It is also interesting to note that the highest arrest rate in this country is in the 15- and 16-year-olds, and it just strikes me that even though we have had some failures that are not entirely our fault because of the fact that we have been dealing with 16- and 17-year- olds that are harder to place in employment because of State laws, that to just abandon these children, to abandon these younsters would be, in my judgment, a very, very wrong thing to do. Chairman PERKINS. I think you will agree with me that we do not have under our vocational education system residential centers estab- lished in this country that could begin to meet the special and very critical needs of these youngsters and that one of the greatest problems that vocational educators have been unable to concentrate on is an effective way to give useful training and meaningful learrnng ex- periences to the disadvantaged youngster. Am I correct? Mr. KELLY. That is right, yes, sir. Chairman PERKINS. Well, to what extent, how long, in your judg- ment, would it take to develop residential centers in this country as a substitute for the Job Corps? If you feel that that could satisfactorily be done, how many years would that take? Mr. KELLY. Let me, Mr. Chairman, if I may, introduce one of my colleagues. This is Dr. David Gottlieb, on my left. Dr. Gottlieb is a well-known authority on adolescence and an author of a number of books on the subject and Assistant to the Director of the Job Corps in Plans and Programs. The Job Corps program falls within his pur- view, and he is an educator by profession. Would you like to respond to the chairman's question? Mr. G0rTLIEB. Yes, sir. How long it would take to develop such centers physically, I am not qualified to say. I would say this, however, in answer to the question. One of the major things that we have learned in Job Corps is that if you are dealing with youth who are so deprived and so impoverished, you have to take them ou~t of that environment where they have found themselves up to the time they came in Job Corps, that just giving them education and vocational training alone in that kind of setting is not going to cut them off from the other nega- tive influences of the ghettos and of poverty. It is a total rehabilitation program and one curriculum and one counseling system is not sufficient. We are talking about. health services, mental health services, work attitudes, vocational training and basic education, and to try to rep- licate this now seems rather strange to me since this more than ap- pears to be a more than efficient system of doing it now in the Job Corps. Mr. KELLY. May I add to that, Mr. Chairman? Again the Job Corps is a total program.. We have performed nearly 300 emergency appendectomies in the Job Corps. Many of those, if they were in a hollow in Appalachia, would have been administered castor oil, and I think everybody knows the result of that. PAGENO="0122" 118 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 `We have given over 200,000 innoculations for diphtheria, for small- pox, for tetanus. `We showed you the pictures of the youngster's teeth. That is not atypical. That is a typical youngster. I was talking to the center director at Camp Atterbury, which is out in Indiana, run by `Westinghouse for us. He said that for 400 out of the last 600 kids they got into that center, their mouths were in such condition that they couldn't eat. ordinary meals without major dental work. It costs over $300 per enrollee man-year just. to take care of these people medically. So the point I am t.rying to make is that this is not merely a program aimed at vocational training. It is a program where you are trying to renew a human being, not very old, but who has been so deprived that he is virtually a human wreck when we receive him in many cases. Chairman PE~INs. Considering the degree of deprivation we have among many of these youngsters in the country between the ages of 16 and 22, does not a massive attack from all sources become necessary if we are to really perform the job that. we should perform? Mr. KELLY. I think you are absolutely correct. As a matter of fact, Mr. Chairman, I suppose if the Job Corps .made a serious mistake, the most serious mistake it made was that it had no notion how poor the poor were. Job Corps did not really recognize at the outset and didn't recognize it during the first year of the operat.ion that we were going to get 30 percent of the youngsters in this program who could not read or write. We didn't realize that we were going to get 80 percent of the youngsters in the program who had never seen a doctor or dentist in the last 10 years. If the program has been expensive, that. is one of t.he reasons. We miscalculated how poor the poor really were. Chairman PERKINS. To get this job done is going to take the co- operation of everybody that is working in this area to do something about this impoverished child. Mr. KELLY. Yes, sir. Chairman PERKINS. Mrs. Green. Mrs. GREEN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. First of all, may I say that I like the language in the new proposal tightening up some of the provisions. In the criteria which are used for the admission of youngsters to the Job Corps program, and you outlined that, I believe, on pages 20 and 21, do you follow the require- ments that they must be out of school and out of work? Mr. KELLY. We have followed the requirement. that they must. be out of school. Since last February, when we updated and modified our mission requirements, we have not taken anyone who was in school. In the case of work, if the youngster has a marginal job, a job that is obviously a dead end job, and he recognizes that and is motivated to the degree that he wants to get something better, even though he may be employed, if he volunteers, we will take him. Mrs. GREEN. Do you have a breakdown among all of your charts and figures on the percentage of high school graduates who have been admitted to the Job Corps? The percentage of emp'oyed people who h~v~e~been,admitted? I not.ice on one of the êharts t.hat you give the wages after they have graduated. PAGENO="0123" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 119 I believe somewhere you have a chart showing the wages of the youngsters who were employed at the time they went into the Job Corps. Is that chart available to the committee? Mr. KELLY. Yes. Let me answer the first question first. As I recall, Mrs. Green, and we have the figure here somewhere, 10 percent of the youngsters that have come into the Job Corps are high school graduates. Mrs. GREEN. Ten percent? Mr. KELLY. Ten percent, but the average Job Corps youngster even though he may have finished high school, the average of all of them are still much lower than 12 grades in terms of their reading attain- ment and their math attainment. Mrs. GREEN. As I recall, the original program was designed for youngsters that were out of school and out of work. Are there not sufficient young men and women who are not high school graduates? I am curious as to why the 10 percent of the 39,000 would be high school graduates. Mr. KELLY. We have admissions criteria, Mrs. Green, that are pub- lished in the admissions manual which we just got out last January. Mrs. GREEN. I think you have that on page 20 of your charts. Mr. KELLY. On page 9 of the admissions manual are the Job Corps admissions criteria. He must be at least 16 and not yet'22, a resident of the United States, must have dropped out of school and have been out at least 3 months at the time of application. Mrs. GREEN. This is at the point where I wonder why 10 percent are high school graduates. Mr. KELLY. Let me let Dr. Gottlieb, my educational expert here direct himself to that question. Mr. GOTTLIEE. Mrs. Green, the high school graduates that we have taken score significantly lower in reading and math than many of the youngsters we have who have only gone to 8 years of school. We have found for youngsters who come out of poverty that there is very little correlation between how many years they went to school, how well they read, how they solve math problems, and their communications skills. We have youngsters who come out of some of the richest school systems in this country who have high school diplomas in their hands and cannot fill out our application form. Those are some of the young- sters we take under our criteria because without that kind of ability, regardless of the certificate they have, t.hey will continue in poverty. Mr. KELLY. I think it is interesting that the Department of Defense told me last week t.hat 20 percent of the young people they reject on the written examination are high school graduates. Mrs. GREEN. Where is the number who are actually employed when they were recruited or when they joined the Job Corps? I did not find that chart here. Do you have it, and is this available to the committee? Mr. KELLY. We have it here, Dr. Gottlieb is retrieving it. Mrs. GREEN. Let me ask you this: Isn't it true that there were some of them that. were up in the $1.75 an hour or $2 an hour wage bracket at the time they were recruited into the Job Corps? Mr. KELLY. Mrs. Green, really page 10 of your booklet reflects this data. Sixty-five percent of our male youngsters had full-time or part- PAGENO="0124" 120 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEW1'S OF 1967 time jobs prior to Job Corps. Sixty percent said they made less than $1.25. Mrs. GREEN. Can you tell me how many made $1.75? Mr. KELLY. I am sure that there were youngsters that made $1.75. I do not have that data in front of me, but will get it for the record (The inforthation to be supplied follows:) JOB CORPS ENROLLEES WITH PREVIOUS EARNINGS OF $1.75 rsn HOUR Based on Louis Harris and Associates, Inc., survey data, based on over 3100 interviews, approximately three and one-half percent of Job Corps enrollees had previous earnings of $1.75 or more per hour, including both full and part time employment. Mrs. GREEN. What I am having trouble with is, with the million dropouts in the country and the criteria established for the Job Corps originally, why are we now taking high school graduates? I expect that a lot of those high school graduates don't have the basic educa- tional skills, but I suspect that some of them do. And why are we also taking employed youngsters who are indeed earning at the time of recruitment into the Job Corps $1.75 and $2 and $2.25 an hour? And would these youngsters who are employed learn more if they continued on the job than by going into the Job Corps? Mr. KELLY. I think one of the things that has to be recognized about employment is that many of our youngsters may ha~ve been earning $1.75 an hour in seasonal employment of one kind or another, that they did not work a total year at $1.75 an hour, but might have had a job at $1.50 an hour for 3 months, lost that and got another and held that for a month and lost that job. Mrs. GREEN. Do you have those charts? I have the figure and I am not sure that I remember it accurately, but I believe that the study showed that for the youngsters who dropped out of the Job Corps there was a higher rate of unemployment after they had been in the Job Corps than before they went into the Job Corps, and that there was no appreciable increase in the wages. Mr. KELLY. That is the first Harris poll, and we have some charts on that that I would like to put up on the easel here and talk about a little bit. Mrs. GREEN. Is that Harris report both the Harris study of the graduates and the Harris study of the dropouts? Could copies of that be made available to the committee so that we could have a better idea of where we are and where we are going? Mr. Ki~rui~~. Yes, ma'm. No question about that. Mrs. GREEN. Mr. Chairman, could I ask that that be made a part * of the files and, if possible, copies be made available to the members? Mr. KELLY. If you will look to my right, you will see Harris survey No. 1 which was full interviews with 1,161 enrollees who had not com- pleted a program in the Job Corps. These young men and women, most of them dropped out within 30 days of coming into the Job Corps. Prior to the Job Corps, on page 10 of that report, it is indicated that 56 percent were working, of which 66 percent had full-time jobs and 34 percent part time. On page 14 of that report it will be noted that 12 percent were in school. PAGENO="0125" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 121 Chairman PERKINS. The time of the gentlelady has expired, but I will let continue with that answer. Mr. KELLY. Thank you, sir. Thirty percent were employed. On page 14 of that report 66 percent were earniing between 75 cents and $1.25 an hour. We had full interviews with 1,161 enrollees, and I might point out that the Job Corps paid for this because the Job Corps was deeply interested in trying to find out what washappening here. Of the possible Job Corps people that dropped out, and again most of them dropped out within 30 days, page 87 points out that 4 percent of them were working which is 2 percent less, but that 83 percent had full-time jobs as contrasted with 66 percent having full-time jobs prior to going into Job Corps, 10 percent had returned to school and 5 percent were in the military. Of the 32 percent unemployed they weren't standin~ around. Sixty percent of that 32 percent were looking for work. Eighteen percent were trying to get into a school or into the military and 16 percent wanted to rejoin the Job Corps because they figured they had made a mistake in dropping out as quickly as they did. On page 66 of the Harris Report it indicates that 60 percent of those working were earning wages greater than $1.25 an hour. They entered the Job Corps, they told the interviewers, because they wanted to learn a trade, get an education, or they were out of school or out of work and the reason why they left as reported in the survey is that they were homesick, which was the chief reason, followed by too much discipline, too many Negroes, and Louis Harris concluded on page 67 of the report that any contact with Job Corps can improve employ- ment potential, and I think that the thing I was trying to point out by showing that color photo was that young man by merely having his teeth fixed put him in a position of being a lot better off with a person- nel officer than if he walked in as he entered the Job Corps. Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that copies of these charts be included in the record. Chairman PERKINS. If there is no objection, so ordered. (The charts to be supplied follow:) PAGENO="0126" PAGENO="0127" SiucJy No. 165O A STUDY OF JOB CORPS NON-GRADUATE TERMINATIONS Conducted for the Job Corps by Louis Harris and Associates January, 1967 123 PAGENO="0128" PAGENO="0129" INDEX Page introduction, 1 Pre-Job Corps Experience 8 Working While in School 11 Working Only Pre~Job Corps Education 15 Job Expectation 18 Job Corps Experience 21 How First Heard About Job Corps 22 Why Joined Job Corps Screening Agency Contact 24 Location of Center 27 Length of Time in Job Corps 32 Sent Money Home . 33 Job Training In Center 33 Life in the Center 36 Dropout or Kick-out 40 Likes/bislikes about Job Corps 42 Reasons for Leaving 44 Post Job Corps Experience 49 Relocation 50 What Did immediately After Job Corps 50 Length of Time Since Leaving Job Corps 53 Job Corps Contact Since Leaving 54 Current Status 55 Now Working 59 Number of Jobs 61 Length of Time on Job 61 Using Job Corps Training 63 Number of Hours 64 Hourly Rate 65 Possibilties of Job Advancement 67 in School Now 68 Unemployed Now 70 interest in Armed Forces 73 Value of Job Corps Experience 76 interest in RejOining Job Corps . ... 79 125 80-084 0 - 67 - 9 PAGENO="0130" 126 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, INDEX - (con't.) e Activities and Involvement with the Communty 81 Leicure Activities 82 Religious Atterck~nce 84 Organization Membership 86 Organized Social Activity 86 Voting 87 Medical Care 87 Saving;.. - 88 Cortact3 with Sock~l Agencies 89 Contact with Police 90 Additional Demographic Information 92 Size of Place Type of Center 93 Age 94 Ethnic 94 Education 95 Marital Status. .. 96 Number of Rooms 96 Number of People Live With 96 Whom Live With 97 Items Have in Home Appendix A - Occupation classification: Pre-Job Corp3, Post-Job Corps, in Job Corps Training 98 PAGENO="0131" INTRODUCTiON 127 PAGENO="0132" 128 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 19 67 Ii December of 1966 the Job Corps asked Louis Harris and Associates to conduct a study of ex-Corpsmen who had left the centers before finishing their training. These are `he "d!opouts', the youth who did not make it in the Job Corps. The purpose of the study was fivefold: L To determine what the d~opouts were doing just before they en'ered the Job Corps and what they felt the future held for them. Were they now working, in school, or unemployed? What kind of work were they doing and how much were they earning? 2. To determine what Hey have done since leaving the Job Corps. Who' was the firs~ thir~g they did and what are they doing now? Has their employment status improved and have the~ expectations brightened? 3. To study their Job Corps experience. How did they find out about the Job Corps and what were their main reasons for wanting to join? How accurate or fanciful was the picture of the Job Corps as painted by the screening agency? What did they like and dislike about their experience in the Job Car~ and most important of all, why did they leave? 4. To present the demographic characteristics of the dropout group and to discern their personal activities and involvement with the community in whic h they live. 5. To compare the dropouts to Job Corps graduateswho were placed on job or in school as of May31, 1966. The information on the graduates comes f'om a study conducted by `he Opinion Research Corporation. PAGENO="0133" ECONOMIC. OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 129 3. Fiom a list of 10,858 names supplied by the Job Corps we wee `o "terview 800 ind~ddu~l~. The sample areas selected took Our interviewing staff to 137 diFferent geographic loca',ons across the cou~f.y. We experimented with various techniques of reachi~g `he respondents (cOI e~omple, sending hem wires or le~'ers asking them to get in touch with us to se' up or appoinimeni) b~t finally settled on what proved to be the most effective: sending our irrter,iewers directly `~ the addres~sup~ledtofind the respondent and interview the individual on the spot. For if `he respondent is not interviewed at the time of the initial cor'oc', the sample moy be bic:ed by the foct `ho' o'~ly the more curious or more highly motivated i':divduolsmáy show up Fo `he inte `cv In our sample locations we made or attempted to make approximately 3860 contacts. Our s'aff of i'~erviewers was able to complete 1161 full interviews. This represer's 11% oF `he total list of 10,858 dropouts. The breakdown of the 3800 contacts follows: RESULT OF ATTEMPTED CONTACTS (Base = 3800) % Completed interviews 31 In military service 5 Currently in Job Corps 6 Not at `name 23 Does not live at address 32 No such address 3 PAGENO="0134" 130 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 4. The not at home category includes those who were most likely living a' the give' odd'ess but were not reached after two attempted contacts. 1he'~ur.er'tly Job Corps' group represents those who consider themselves in the Jcb Corps but hove been reported or' a center morni"g report (correctly or not) as dropouts The "no such address" category inc lude some ir'cor.ec addresses but seems to be made up mostly of buildings torn down ~i'hin the lost year a' so. The "does no live at this address" category is a combination of individuals wh~ hod morred or were unreachable or those who were simply unknown at that address. It is possible that some ir~di duals in the at two groups are currently in the Job Corps or mil"ory service. In order to insure the accuracy of our sample we made some computer runs on the full list of 10,858 names. The next table shows the breakdown of this list o' cerrais key demographic information compared with our sample of completed interviews: PAGENO="0135" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 131 5 TOTAL LISI COMPARED WITH COMPLETED INTERVIEWS Total List To!oI Sample (Bose 10,858) (Bose = 1161) Region 18 16 North Central 21 21 South 49 53 West 12 10 Sex ~7Wen 97 96 Women 3 4 Age Under 18 25 28 18-19 46 43 20 and older 29 29 Race 35 38 Non-white 18 62 Ursclassified* 47 x On each of these key dimensions our sample breakdown is very close to the breakdown of the en'ire list. We therefore have confidence in the accuracy of our sample. There is one dimension which we have not been able to introduce completely ir'to our sample -- that of `relocation'. ~ Most oTiEe "unclassified" are believed to be non-white. PAGENO="0136" 132 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 6. How many of the "does not live at thi addes" group hove moved we CO "0' acCurately ~ay, and how different this group is from our sample of completed inte'view- i. olso unknown. However, we we:e able to interview almost one-third Of Out attempted contcci~ (11% of the totol list) induding l9% who relocated and ou' sample has e~serri'rlty `he ~ame demo~:rsphic ch,,~scre~i:tic as the total lst of ctropou's. ln order to influence the results of thirstudy, the u~:eachable goup would have to be significantly different from our sample in their ott itudes and octvitie. the accu'ocy of our sample on the key demographic dimen~ions strongly sugges' to u that thi~ i not the case. Throughout this report we will be looking at voriou~ sub-groups withn he tool sample (1161 cases). The definition of and number of individuals in these g~oup follors' 1. North (182) all respondents living in Connec'icut, Ma'e, Ma~'ochu:e't,, Ne~'. Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Ve'mo". * 2. North Central (244) - all respondents living in Illinois, "diana, Kansas, M.chigo'~, I Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota Ohio, South Dokot~. W~co':i. Region "s . . . ` - 3. South (623) - all respondents living in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Geo"gio, Kentucky, l,ouisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Sou~h Catalina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia. 4. West (112) - all respondents living in Arizona, C,,lifornia. Colorado, Idaho, Mota~o, \,~Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyomt'g. /"5. large metro (372) - all respondents living in metropolitan area wiih ce't'al cities o~ ( one million or more. Size of 6. Small metro (633) - all respondents living in mettopoliran a'ea' ,vth cen'~ol cites of Place 4 less than one million. / 7. Nonmetro (156) - all respondents living in towrs and rural area: not co'ide:ed metropolitan areas. ("8. Negro (663) Race j,~,9. White (419) Working now (635) -dropouts who indico'e they a~e cu:'ently wo'ki'sg. ihi,g~oup includes 42 who are also in school. Current `~ * 11. In school now (107) - dropouts who indicate they ore currently i" school. TH group Status ( includes the 42 who are also working. - \,_,12. Unemployed now (376) - dropouts who soy they o:e cu'en'ly unemployed. PAGENO="0137" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 133 7. 13. Men (1109) - all male dropouts Sex/lJrban J14. Urban (486) - male dropouts from urban centers Conservation /15. Conservation (622) - male dropouts from conservation cer+er~ U6. Women (52) - all female dropouts 17. Age under 18 (324) - all dropouts under 18 yeo old Age 118. Age 18-19 (501) - all dropouts 18-19 years old l~j9. Age 20 or older (333) - all thopout~ 20 yeo~s o~ otde~ Length of* 20. In Job Corps under 3 months (494) rime In ~ 21. In Job corps 3-6 months (457) Job Corps (~2. In Job Corps more than 6 months (167) Length of 23. Left Job Corps less than 3 months ago (103) Time Since `)24. Left Job Corps 3-6 months ago (629) Job Corps \~5. Left Job Corps more than 6 months~o~o (410) 26. Interested in rejoining Job Corps (650) - those who say they would like to go bock into the Job Corps. 27. Using Job Corps training (96) - those currently working who said they are s.sing Job Corps training on their jobs. 28. Dropout (949) - rerpondents who decided themselves to leave the Job Corps. 29. Kick-out (193) - respondents who were asked to leave the Job Corps. *Note: Because there were some individuals who did not arswer certain questions or were not sure the groups do not always add exactly to 1161. The findings are presented in what is essentially a chronological sequence, discussing first what the ex-Corpsmen were doing just before they entered the Job Corps then following them through their contact with the screening agency and their experience~ in the centers and then focussing on what they have done since they left the Job Corps. Finally there is `a de~cripton of demographic characteristics of the dropouts, of some of their pe',onal cctvi*ies and of their involvement with the community. PAGENO="0138" PAGENO="0139" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 135 8. PRE-JOB CORPS EXPERIENCE PAGENO="0140" 136 ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 9. The impact of the Job Corps on oil men and wome' who pass through the pogam is multi-faceted. Attitudes towards others, expectations for the Iu?ue, a sense of pero'..sI dig-'>', of commitment may all be affected through the Job Cops expeience. The mo~t to-.gibte and direct impact is, of course, suggested by the program name impro~ed emplayme and - hooIi~g capability. Later in this report what these drop -outs are Cure'!l>' doing will be analyzed, b',' `he starting point in all cases is the pre-Job Corps employme~ od scho~I sua'on. Each was asked. `What were you doing at that time just before you wen' to the Job Cops?' PAGENO="0141" ECONOMIC OPPORTuNITy ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 137 PRE-JOB CORPS ACTIVITY (Base: Total Sarr.ple) In School 2~k~2.2 TP!9.»='~' Q.~! % % % % 56 30 2 51 34 4 60 26 1 _~5 39_ -p-- 51 31 3 60 28 1 37 3 57 26 ~ 52 ________ 38 3 57 30 1 54 31 2 59 29 2 37 38 10 24 1 29 1 39 2 30 2 31 2 10* lotol North Central South West Large Metro Small Metro ~1on-Metro Negro White Men Urban Conservation Women 12 TI 11 13 13 15 11 9 16 7 12 13 12 it; &i Under 18 17 49 32 . 2 18-19 13 55 30 2 20 or older 7 63 29 1 In Job Corps: Under 3 months 12 54 32 2 3-6 months 12 60 28 2 More than 6 months 15 51 32 2 Now: . W~ng 12 In School 32 Unemployed 9 Drop-out Kick-out 63 38 50 56 54 12 13 PAGENO="0142" 138 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 More than half indicated they were working ju~i before `hey et"e'ed `he Job Cops whfle one in eight said they were in school. Regionally, the lowest employment and hghest unemployment were found in the West. Women were working significantly less than men. There i~ lt'le difference in pre-Job Corps status between those who lef' the cen'ers volu'~'a'ily and `hose who were asked `o leave. The most interesting pattern is found ir'. the breakdowr' by currer" s'asus. Compared `o `he total,a higher proportion of those who are "ow working we'e working beFo'e `he Job Corps, a higher proportion of those who are now in school were in school, and a higher propo'~on of those who were unemployed are again unemployed Observation: A greater inertia is perhaps inevitable in the unemployed g'oup but this i~ble does present one particularly depressing fac'; 59% of those who are cu'er'ly unemployed were either working or going to school before enterng the Job Carp;. Working While In School While in school, 46% had some sort of port-time lob. They worked a median of 19.7 hours per week earning a median $1 .04 an hour. Almost two thi'ds of these lobs (62%) were in service occupations: PAGENO="0143" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 139 12 PART TIME WORK OF THOSE IN SCHOOL BEFORE JOB CORPS (BASE: In schoo! before Job Corps wi'h pa `-time job 6% of `o'aI .~mpIe~ Kind of Work % Number of hours/week 0/0 HouIy :~e % ~~Tce 37 Under 5 - - 6 C~oT. 75 16 Clerkal and sales 5 5 - 10 21 $0.76 - $1 .00 29 Other 33 11 -15 8 $1.01 -$125 34 16-20 15 $1.26-$1.50 11 Over2O 48 $1.51 -$1.75 2 Not sure 2 Mo'e !hc $175 6 Median 19.2 Piece wod 2 H's/week Meciio.~ $1.O4,4~r Working Or.!y Amo!ig those who indicated they were work~g, and not in school over half were in se vice occupations: OCCUPATION GROUP OF THOSE WORKING BEFORE JOB CORPS (Base: Working Before Entering Job Corps 56%) Total Negro White Me. Women -~- -~?;- -ej;-- -~ -~-- Professional, Technical, and Managerial 4 5 2 3 11 Clerical and Sales 4 4 3 4 5 Service 53 57 49 54 69 Farming, Fishing, Forestry 2 2 2 2 - Processing 3 3 4 3 - Machine Trades 6 5 7 5 5 Bench Work 4 4 7 5 - Structural Work 11 10 10 11 5 Miscellaneous 13 12 15 13 5 Don'tknow * C * * - Note: Appendix A contains a detailed job c lassif,ca!on of pe. Job CupC occupaonc. in Job-Corps training and current occupator. CEigures add to more than 100 percent a~ some repo'der.~ gave moe h3n one or. **i~* PAGENO="0144" 140 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 3. The me~ tended to work loeger hours thorn the women. NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED PER WEEK (Base: Working Before E~!ering Job Cop~ - 56°/o) Total Mei Womeô % % % Under 17 7 7 16 17-24 5 5 5 25-32 11 11 16 33-40 49 49 37 41 or more 27 27 26 Notsure 1 1 - Medianhours 36.4 36.4 34.8 The pay received by those working shows a sharp vour.on by rego2, size of place a'd age. PAGENO="0145" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 141 HOURLY RATE (Base: Working before ente:i'~g Job Co'p~ 56%) 14, Total North North Central South West Less than $ .76- $1.01- $1.26- $1 51 Moe Ih~n Piece $.76 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $L75 $1.75 Wo'k Median % % % % % % % 10 16 40 19 6 2 - 42 30 12 5 13 40 21 7 14 21 41 13 4 4 12 31 31 14 8 14 5 6 !. 1.15 2 1.13 2 1.09 .27 Large Metro 3 7 38 26Tl~'T"T~~ Small Metro 11 19 41 16 4 7 2 1.12 Non-Mefro 20 23 42 10 4 1 - 1 .04 Negro 11 15 39 18 6 9 2 White 10 17 43 19 6 5 * 1.15 1.13 Men 10 16 40 19 6 8 1 1.15 Women 11 23 30 18 6 6 6 1.12 ~jj Underl8 12 18 47 13 5 5 - 1.11 18-19 10 16 39 19 5 9 2 1.15 2Oor older 9 14 37 21 9 8 2 L)rop-out 10 16 40 19 7 Kick-out 9 15 36 21 2 Using Job Corps Training 13 16 39 16 8 7 12 8 5 1.15 1.18 1.13 80-084 0 - 67 - 10 PAGENO="0146" 142 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 15 The South, which had the highest employment a1so had the lowest hnu'ly `ate. Those working in the North and the West received significantly highe pa~ thor~ rt~ose ~#o'king in the other regions of the country. Better paying jobs were Found in the loge metop~tliran a'eas. In fact, the median pay rate for those wotking in non-mehopoUtan o'eos k no higher than the median pay rate for the part time employment of those who were in school. The hourly rate tends to increase with age. There is little cUffeence based on Pace a' sex. Observation: Compared with the poevious study of gaduates, the dropcuts were wo'king irèltefore the Job Corps (56% to 45%), although thei medan 1~ou'1v rote was lower ($1.15/hr. to $ 1.la'hr.) going to school moe 12°/o to 10%) ond wee lest unemployed (30% to 40%). These differences, however. o'e less sgnificont than the choncres thor take place within each gtàup between their p's-Job Corps stotus and their afte' Job Co'ps status. The dramatic differences that result after each group passes though the J:bCop~ will be discussed later in the report Pre-Job Corps Education Overall, 7 percent had finished high school before they entered the Job Cops, ond the median years of education was 8.8. This compares with a median of 10.3 years for the graduofe~ PAGENO="0147" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 143 16. PRE-JOB CORPS EDUCATION (Base Total) Finkhed 6th ~ode 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th Med~- !J1&i1th221 ~ ~ ~ $~;~*~ ~ % % % % % % % % Total 7 5 8 18 25 22 15 8.8 North 6 4 6 21 24 25 14 8.8 North Central 5 4 3 ii 32 21 14 8.7 South 7 6 12 17 23 ~0 15 8.6 West 14 2 2 4 21 32 25 9.7 l.arge Metro 9 1 4 13 24 27 22 9.3 Small Metro 7 6 9 18 26 11 13 8.7 Non-Metro 5 8 11 24 24 18 10 8.3 Negro 10 2 6 11 22 28 21 9.3 WhTte 3 8 12 27 30 13 7 8.1 WorkIng 8 5 8 18232 16 8.8 In School 8 4 7 10 24 29 18 9.2 Unemployed 5 5 817282314 8.7 Men 7 5 8 17 25 23 15 88 Urban 9 1 5 18 25 25 17 9.0 Conservaton 6 7 10 15 26 23 13 8.7 Women 4 4 2 26 23 18 23 8.8 Under 18 4 8 19 35 26 8 8.5 18-19 5 4 8 19 23 23 18 8.8 20 or older 17 5 8 12 20 21 17 9.2 ~JobCp~ps: lessthan3months 7 5 8 18 25 20 17 8.8 3-6 months 6 4 9 16 24 27 14 8.9 Over 6 months 9 4 9 15 24 25 14 8.9 Drop-out 8 4 8 !8 26 22 14 8.8 Kick-out 5 5 8 13 24 24 21 9.0 PAGENO="0148" 144 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 17, Regionally, dropouts in the West have the highest number of yea's completed with 14 percent having finished high school. The most successful in te'ms of graduation ae those 20 or over with almost 1 in 5 having finished high school. The most significant difference is found betweer whites ond Neg'oes with the Negroes having 1.2 more years of schooling. This is partly accounted for by the slightly higher average age level of the Negroes, but there is more to it than that. Those who had nor finished were asked why they left school: WHY LEFT SCHOOL (Base: Did not finish -igh School before Job Corps = 93%) Total Negro White % % % Got into trouble at school 26 26 26 Didn't like anything about it 20 14 27 Was failing, subjects too hard 17 12 24 To go to work 12 13 10 Hadtohelpfamily 10 11 8 Bored, lost interest 10 9 10 Cutting classes, went with wrong group of kids 7 8 6 To go into the Job Corps 5 6 4 Didn't have money for lunch, clothes 4 4 4 Tired of not having pocket money 4 5 2 Trouble with other kids 4 3 6 All other 14 16 9 Don't know 2 3 1 * Adds to more than 100 percent as some respondent gave more than one answe'. PAGENO="0149" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 145 18 Over one in four volunteered `got into trouble" as a reason fo' leaving. Adding the 7 percent who reported "cutting and handing around with the w"ong kids' and the 4 per cent who said they were "having trouble with the other kids" thee a'e almos' 40 percent who indicated some type of conflict with school authorities o' their pee' group. There is no difference in this area between Negroes and whites. However, in the a~oo of geneal inte'est in school and expressed ability to handle the work, there is a sharp dise~gence. Twice as many whites as Negroes say they liked nothin3 about being in school and twice as many whites said they were failing or found the subjects too hard. Observation: These results indicate that at least pa-" of the difference between the number of years of school completed by whites and by Negroes is accounted for by stronger interest and motivation among the Negroes. This is also borne out by the fact that more of the Negroes than whites we-c wo'king or in school before the Job Corps. However, this greater motivation was not translated into higher hourly pay. Job Expectation Before entering the Job Corps what kind of employment future did these you"g mer. and women see for themselves? Each was asked: "Thinking back to before you went into the Job Corps what did you ceel your char'ces were of eventually getting a good paying job? Did you feel you had a good chance or not very good chance of eventually getting a good paying job?" PAGENO="0150" 146 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 19 CHANCE OF GETTING GOOD PAYING JOB (Base: Total) Good Not Good No Su~ % % % 12!21 53 28 North 21 52 27 North Central 22 54 24 South 17 57 26 West 24 40 36 Large Metro 20 54 26 Small Metro 19 51 28 Non-Metro 15 58 27 Negro 20 51 29 White 20 55 25 Men 20 53 27 Urban 20 55 25 Conservation 20 51 29 Women 18 55 27 Age: UFi~rl8 18 49 33 18-19 20 52 28 2Oor older 20 - 60 - 20 In Job Corps: Under ,nths 23 46 31 3-6 months 17 58 25 More than 6 months 20 58 22 From group to group there is little'varatio~ ~ the dismal e~pectatons of these young people. Less than one in five could state ~stvely tkat eventualty skey would fr'd a good job. The reasons volunteered for this attitude show their awaeness of +ke' needs PAGENO="0151" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 147 20, WHY FEEL THIS WAY ABOUT CHANCES FOR GOOD JOB~ (Base Total) Total % Good Chance ~T~flobs on my own 11 Train on the job 3 All other good chance 10 Not Good Chance Need high school diploma, mo'e education 41 Need vocational training 16 Looked a long time for job 3 No future where I was working 3 Was too young 3 All other not good chance 6 Don't know 6 *Figures add to add to more than 100 percent as some respondent, gave mo~e thc'~ or~e a- wer. The debilitating effect of not enough education or job training is welt ~ecogrized. Even the positive reasons cited by those who felt they had a good chance have a dubious quality, more an expression of self-respect and dignity than of true confidence in thei p~ospecfs. Observation: Troubled by problems in school, despairing of eventual job success and aware of the need for education and training to achieve this succes. tt~ese men and women turn to the Job Corps. They hope to find an envi~onmerst and haining that might prepare them for the future. But these are the dropouts. At some point the Job Corps failed to reach them. Let us turn now to ther evperience in the Job Cops to find the reasons for this failure. PAGENO="0152" PAGENO="0153" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 149 21. JOB CORPS EXPERIENCE PAGENO="0154" PAGENO="0155" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 151 22. How First Heard About Job Corps The first awareness of the Job Corps came to our respondents primarily though their friends, state employment agencies, and television: HOW FIRST HEARD ABOUT JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Total %`, From a friend 30 State employment agency or youth opportunity center 15 Television 13 Sawanad 12 Social worker 6 Parents 5 Radio 3 Army recruiter 3 Other 16 * Adds to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. Observation: The family appears to be providing only a small initial stimulus. But, as the next;table will show, parental encouragement can be important in the decision to join the Job Corps. If parents could be reached it is possible that a boost in the number of applicants might occur. ~y Joined Job Corps The ex-Corpsmen were next asked what were their most important `easons for joining the Job Corps: PAGENO="0156" 152 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 REASONS FOR JOINING (Base Region Size of Place Roce Current North tè~l[ 1~1~T~ Wk~ Total North Central South* West Met'o Metro Meto Negro White Now -~- -e1ç -e7~- % ~ ~ç ~ --s- ~ ~ Learn a trade 73 74 70 73 62 73 73 74 73 71 73 Get an education 49 52 46 51 38 47 51 47 48 49 51 Out of school and couldn't get job 24 20 26 24 29 23 23 33 23 27 21 My mother wanted meto 19 12 15 24 16 19 18 24 22 16 18 Outof work 18 12 20 18 23 15 16 29 16 20 14 Employment agency suggested it 15 12 16 15 21 13 15 21 14 18 18 Friend was in and toldmetwasO,K.15 10 10 20 8 12 17 14 18 11 16 Nothng better to, do 11 7 9 14 11 11 10 15 12 12 11 Wanted to get away fromhome 10 9 11 11 11 12 9 13 11 11 10 My father wanted me to 8 7 9 9 6 9 8 10 7 11 8 Thought if would help keep me out of army 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 6 5 2 3 Parole office told meto 3 3 2 2 8 4 3 1 3 3 2 Other 9 9 9 8 12 9 9 6 8 8 8 PAGENO="0157" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 153 CONFIDINTIAL `23. THE JOB CORPS Total) Age In Job Corps Status Sex/Urban Conservation - More In 20 Under Than School Unem- Conser- Under or 3 3-6 6 Now ployed Men Urban vation Women 18 18-19 Older Months Mo'~ths Moflths -q;- ~ -e~~- ~- ~ 3,?~ -e,ç-- -~- ~ ~ -~- ~ 70 73 73 72 75 58 71 72 76 73 73 70 47 47 49 48 49 58 44 51 52 46 51 51 21 31 24 29 20 38 28 26 17 21 24 32 17 20 19 16 22 19 21 19 17 19 19 20 10 24 18 18 18 12 17 18 18 16 17 25 13 13 16 15 16 10 15 14 19 15 16 18 14 14 16 14 17 8 17 15 12 18 15 7 13 13 12 12 11 8 14 12 8 13 9 11 12 12 11 11 10 6 12 10 11 10 13 7 11 8 8 7 9 12 9 9 7 10 7 8 3 4 4 3 4 - 1 5 4 4 2 5 4 4 3 3 3 -.5.3 1 3 4 2 8 8 8 8 9 15 7 7 11 10 8 8 PAGENO="0158" 154 ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 - 24. While there are some regional and sex diffeerices the basic goals of "leaning a rode" and "getting on education" are oVerwhelmingly corsideed t~~e most imps tcn" reac"s arsorg all groups for joining. The negative statements of the same theme ac also importar" "out of school and couldn't get a job" and "out of work". Paental encouragement is consideable 29 percent of those living with their mother (79% of `he total) and 14 pe:csn' of those hiying with their father (53% of the total) mentioned this encouragement a a easor fo~ joining. Screening Agency Contact These young men and women join the Job Cn-ps enpec'ir"g hair:ing and education opportunities. To find out how accurate their precorception.. tuned out to be. they wee ash'ed whether the screening agency hod given them a true picture of who' the Job Corps would be like: PAGENO="0159" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 155 25. DID SCREENING AGENCY PRESENT A TRUE PICTURE (8a~e: Totol) Gave Twe DkIn't Give Pic'ure True Pctu~e No' Sure % % % Total 44 51 5 N~FFh T9 5 North Central 44 49 7 South 45 51 4 West 35 58 7 Negro 45 51 4 White 42 52 6 Men 44 51 5 Women 56 38 6 Urban 45 51 4 Conservation 42 53 5 in Job Corps: 1.ess than 3 months 42 54 4 3-6 months 45 50 5 More than 6 months 49 44 - 7 1~it Job Corps: 1.ess than 3 months 49 48 3 3-6 months 43 53 4 More than 6 months 44 49 7 Less than half of all the drop outs felt that the screerirg agency gave them a hue picture of what the Job Corps was like. To a significant degree, wome feel they received a more accurate picture than do the men. This is a reversal of the pattern for the g'aduates where 61 percent of the men and 46 percent of the women fe!t they had received a true pkture. Those who left the Job Corps in the last three months ha'~e a moPe positive recollection of what they were told by the screening agency than tkose wI~o left eadie. Those who felt they had not been given a true pcfure were `hen asked what they felt had been misleading PAGENO="0160" 156 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 26. -WHAT SCREENiNG AGENCY SAID THAT WAS MIS LEADING (Base: Screenirg agency did rot give true pictue=51%j Total Not Irue Picture Didn't get training prmised 42 Didn't get money p'omised 20 Everything exaggerated, only told good pats 17 Living accomrn*~dations not as good as told 13 Couldn't leave camp at nights, like a prison 12 Didn't tell about fights 9 Didn't help with education 8 Promised Urban got Conservation center 8 No pool or gym as promised 7 Didn't get clothing allowance promised 5 Too much manual labor 4 Couldn't go home when wanted to 3 All other 13 *Figures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one arswe~. Observation: Particularly disturbing to these dropouts is not only their feeling that they ~Tdnot receive the training they espected but that so many put it in terms of a broken promise. Whether this is the result of w6a~ the screeners said or of the magnified expectations of the young people is difficult to defer mine, but there is certainly evidence of a believed communication breakdown. There are two items on the list which divide Negroes and whites Total Negro White % % Living accommodations not osgood as told 13 9 20 Didn't tell about fights 9 5 16 PAGENO="0161" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 157 i7. Whites seem much more conce'ned about what they feel are bad living conditions and too many fights. Observation: This is the first indication in this repo~t cf one of the most seous ~bT~ms involving the dropouts in-camp racial hostitility. This. area will be examined closely. There are also some differences in preconceptions betwee!s those who went to urban centers and those who went to Corservatia-. centes- Total Urban Conservation % % % Didn't get training promised 42 34 49 Living accomodations 13 18 9 Urban centers are believed to provide bette? job training than Conservation centers. But the latter with fewer Corpsmen per center, receive less complaints cb~ut their living conditions. Location of Center Most of the ex-Corpsmen felt they wer!t to a center quite for away prom their home. 80-084 0 - 67 - 11 PAGENO="0162" 158 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 8. WAS JOB CORPS CENtER CLOSE TO HOME (Base- Total) Quite Not Quite Close Far Away Sure -~-- -s--- -~-- Total 17 82 1 North Central 20 78 2 South 16 83 1 West 14 85 1 Large Metro 20 80 Small Metro 16 82 2 Non-Metro 12 88 - Negro ~___~Th White 18 80 2 Urban 20 79 1 Conservation 14 85 1 In Job Corps: Under 3 months 16 82 2 3-ómohths 15 84 1 Mare than 6 months 24 75 1 Those living in non-metropolitan areas and in the West and those who went to Conservation centers felt most strongly that they we'e Lent to centers quite fa from home. The resUlts suggest a relation between the proximity of the center to home and the length of time the youth stayed in the Job Corps. One in four of those in the Job Corps for more than six months felt they went to a center close to home while fewer thorti i-i6of those in less than 6 months felt the same way. The desire for centers closer to home seemed clear when each per sari ~ias asked whethe they vvuld have preferred going to a center close to home o~ fuIhe~ away PAGENO="0163" ECONOMIC OPPORTuNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 159 29. PREFER CENTER CLOSER TO HOME OR FURTHER AWAY (Base~ Total) Für the' Makes No Not Closer Away Diffeerce Sure %*. % % % Total 41 29 29 1 R~1T~ ~2. North Central 36 24 40 South 42 31 26 1 West - 50 18 31 1 Large Metro 42 29 28 1 Small Metro 38 29 31 2 Non-Metro 47 26 26 1 Negro 41 31 27 1 White 40 25 34 1 Men 40 29 30 1 Women 52 21 25 2 Urban 36 32 31 1 Conservation 44 26 29 1 Age U~er18 44 24 31 1 18-19 39 31 29 1 20orolder 39 30 29 2 Fn Job Corps Under 3 months 43 27 29 1 3-6 months 40 27 32 1 More than 6 months 31 41 26 2 Center was: Close to home 28 43 26 3 Far away 44 25 30 1 Four in ten would prefer going to a cente closer to home ard those groups West, non-Metro, Conservation, less than 6monthsinJob Co'ps) who felt most strongly that the center was far away are most in favor of closer certe~s. While men and women fett to the same degree thatthe centers they went to were far away, the women significantly moe than the men would prefer a closer center. The giaduates were less concerned about where the center was. Only 29 percent would have preferred a cente Close' to home. PAGENO="0164" 160 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 30. Observation: One should not conclude from this that the desire fot centers close~ to 1~i~e would necessarily bring greater satisfaction to these dropouts had they been in centers closer to home. While 44 percent of those who felt the centers we'e too far away would prefer a closer center, an equal number (43%) of those who felt the centers were too close would prefer one further away. The balance favoring closer centers results from the fact that four times as many &opouts feel they went to a center far away as feel they went to one close to home. If the proportions between the two groups were equal (instead of 4 to 1) the overall results would be 36 percent in favor of closer centers and 35 percent in favor of centers further away, hardly a definitive margin. For a majority of the:youth, the trip to the centerwasth~fi~t time they had been that far away from home for more than a few days: PAGENO="0165" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 161 31. WAS TRIP TO CENTER FIRST TIME AWAY FROM HOME (Base: Total) First Time No' Ffr~t Fme % % Igigi .41 North 52 48 North Central 61 39 South 61 39 West 56 44 Large Metro 59 41 Small Metro 58 42 Non-Metro 63 37 Negro 62 38 White 55 45 Men 59 - 41 Women 65 35 Urban 54 46 Conservation - 62 38 Under 18 67 33 18-19 58 42 20 or ol~ler 52 48 In Job Corps: Under 3 months 58 42 3-6 months 58 42 More than 6 months 67 33 PAGENO="0166" 32. In terms of distance from home the Job Corps WOS a new experence more fo~ women !ha~ men, more for Negroes than whites, ard more e0r the you~ger than the older dropou~. Amo'~g the graduates 53% said the Job Corp. was the f~t tme ~w~y f:orn home. Observation: If the new exper~zr~ce of bei'~g SuCt' a dis'a!~ce 1-om home was a sgnitico factor in the drop out problem one would e)pec.t to fir'd more than a six po~~t di1fere~ce between the Corpsmen who graduated aId thore who dropped out. A!so o~e would expect to find more of those in for the cho'!es~ ~me away f!om home for he f~s~ ~ But just the reverse is true. It musr be concluded ~hot being away from home for the first time is not an important factor in the drop our poblem. Length of Time In Job Ca-ps Graduates Total Men Women Negro Whi'e Urbo' Conser.,a~ion Mer~Women ~ -~ ~ç ~ -~ç~ s~;~ -a~~ ~ o - 2 mqs. 44 45 27 43 47 40 48 14 0 3-6 41 Morethanómos.t15 40 15 48 25 41 16 40 13 38 22 43 9 34 52 33 67 Mçdiari rnos. 2.4 2.4 3.5 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.1 7.2 8.3 Negroes stayed somewhat longer than whtes, women alger than men, and hose it'. urbal 162 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 / The drop outs stayed in the Job Corps les tha half as long as the gradua'es: LENGTH OF TIME IN JOB CORPS (Base: Total) camps longer than those in ~onservctio~ camps. PAGENO="0167" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS. OF 1967 Sent Money Home Over half of the dropoute sent money home SEND ANY MONEY HOME (Bose. To'al) 33. 163 Sent money to mother Sent money to father Sent money to wife Sent money to someone else Did not send money home Age tinder 20~ Total 18 18 - 19 older -~- -~- -v- -i-- 47 42 48 49 4 6 5 3 1 1 1 2 5 4 5 5 45 50 45 41 In Job Corps Less The' 3mon'hs 3 - 6 % % 33 61 4 6 1 1 4 5 61 29 * Adds to more than 100% as some responden+s gave more than one o~wer. The older the dropouts the greater the chance tha' they were sending money home, pauicularly to their mothers. Those who stayed in the Job Corps 3 months or more were much more 1~kely to provide some money for the family than those who we~e in for less than three mo'hs. Job Training In Center The following table presents the job class;fications this g~oup was be~g !`a-ed for while in the Job Corps: Mane Than 6 mon'hs % 58 4 35 PAGENO="0168" 164 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 34, TRAINED FOR OCCUPATION IN JOB CORPS' (Bose: Totcsl) Total Men Wbon Cor~erva'on Women % % % % % Professional ,Technkal and Managerial 3 1 3 1 24 Clerical and Sales 7 6 12 3 27 Service 9 9 10 8 25 Farming,Fishing, Forestry 13 13 12 21 2 Processing * * - * Machine Trades 31 32 36 28 8 BenchWork 5 5 8 3 - Structural Work 22 23 21 24 6 Miscellaneous 2 2 3 2 2 Don't know 16 16 11 21 10 - *Figures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. Women, significantly more than men, were being trained for techncal, clerical and service jobs. One third of the men were being trained for machie trade occupa~ions Rural oriented jobs (farming, fishing, forestry) were being taught to almost one quarter of the men at the 6r.servation center. Sixteen per cent did not know what they were being tr&ned for or had not receved any training at the time they left,(twice as many in Con~ervctton c.er~ers as in urban centers). Each was asked whether or not the job trairing was helpful and then why: PAGENO="0169" WAS JOB TRAINING HELPFUL/NOT HELPFUL (Base. Totol) Total Mer. Wome~' Urbo'~ Corscrvotio~ % % % % % 57 56 77 63 50 33 34 19 24 42 10 10 4 13 8 WHY FEEL TRAINING HELPFUL/NOT HELPFUL (Base: Total) Helpful a lot, learned a trade Was getting education was interesting Instructors were helpful and interested in me Liked what I was doing All other helpful Not helpful Didn't get any training for particular job Didn't stay long enough Didn't like it Can't get' job with training received Already knew what they taught Instructors not helpful Didn't have what I wanted Total Urban ConsevaHo~ % % % 40 48 33 6 6 6 5 6 3 4 3 3 2 1 6 16 10 21 13 17 10 12 8 15 7 5 8 4 4 3 4 5 2 3 4 3 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 165 35 Helpful Not helpful Not sure *Figures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents g~e mo:e than one ar'wer. PAGENO="0170" 166 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 36. Women more than men and urban ce'er Co psmen moe ho~ Conser~,oio. c e~ter Corpsme felt the job training was helpful. Among the negative reoso"s volu~'eeed rno'ei' C,ervcnio~ce'e5 than urban centers indicated they did not receve specifsc job !oi 19 ~Moy fel `hey ye e rpe~di~g co much time fixing up the camp, worki'~g or~ roads, etc~There is a feeU'~g urba~ ce'~'ers tha' if they stayed longer they would hove gained more f-om their t~oi'1irg. This feeflng is ~o shoed to the same degree in Conservation certers. Life In the Center - The dropouts were then asked to ra~e some key drmer'~o"s of lce i'- the center. FirSt, orientation "the way they got you started at the center: ORIENTATION (Bose: Total) Total Me~ Warner Urban Co~serva~io~ % % % % % Good 71 73 61 74 72 Not so goad 26 25 31 24 26 Notsure 3 2 8 2 2 There is little difference between urban and ~or'se',a~on cerers, both receLng `o'-g approval on the orientation they provide. Women, while at~g or.e,tatiorr positively, a'e less happy with this part of their stay than men. PAGENO="0171" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 167 37. Next asked about were living conditions rs the cer&er" and `the food": LMNG CONDITIONS AND FOOD (Base: Total) Conservat ion Neg'o Wh'e -57;----- -~- -3~;-~ 84 82 71 14 16 28 2 2 1 80 79 73 18 20 25 2 1 2 On the whole men like the living conditions and-food more!hnwomenbutCorservao~ce~te,s are believed to be doing a better job in this area than the urban centers. Negroes seem more satisfied than the whites. .rgood Living conditions 1~ not good Lnot sure (~iood The Food 4notsogood sure Total Men Women -~c- -~- -~;--- 78 79 71 20 20 25 2 1 4 77 77 62 21 - 21 36 2 2 2 U'bon -57;-- 73 26 76 23 "The instructors" and "the things they taught" also receive high praise: PAGENO="0172" 168 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 38 INSTRUCTORS AND THINGS THEY TAUGHT (Base: Total) In Job Corps 1~) 3-6 Mo~ e then Total months mon!hs 6morths Me'S Womer Urba~ Conseva'io~ % % % % % % % % (ood 77 75 77 86 77 74 79 75 Instructors I notsogood 18 19 18 12 18 20 16 19 (%~tsure 5 6 5 2 5 6 5 6 ~ód * 75 69 77 85 74 78 79 70 Things they taught~notsogood 20 23 21 13 21 16 15 25 (~otsure 5 8 2 2 5 6 6 5 As might be expected, the longer a young person stayed in the Job Corps the more likely he was to like the instructors and what they were teaching. Urban centers lead Co"servaton centers in this area. "Opportunities to relax" are also thought to be goad: OPPORTUNITIES 10 RELAX (Base: Total) Under 2Oor Total Men Women Urban Conservation 18 18 - 19 Older -~- % -~-- -sz-__ 1~ Good 72 70 84 73 68 67 72 74 Notsogood 26 27 16 25 29 31 26 22 Notsure 2 3 - 2 3 2 2 4 PAGENO="0173" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 169 39. The women seem to think much more of the oppo `unities ~o relox `hor~ men The younger~ Corpsmen felt slightly more constrained thon did their older'col!eagues. The rating for "meeting peop!' :rn the commu"ty the ce'~er was or `~eor" was ~ot as positive as for the previous items~ ~ percer~f fete they-had.a good choice, 43 perce"! sad they hod not such a good chance and 4 percent were not sure.. I~ should be remembered,. however, that most of the dropouts were not in the center for a very long time. Half (52%) felt "the pay" they received in the cente' was good, 44 pe!ce~ felt i~was not so good and 4 percentwere not sure. The lowest positive rating was reserved for "the kind of kids" at the cen~er: PAGENO="0174" 170 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 40. KIND OF KIDS AT THE CENTER (Base Total) Good Not So Good Not 5u'e % % % Total 51 41 8 T~I~1 62 32 6 North Central 49 44 7 South 49 42 9 West 54 38 _______ 8 1à~e Metro Small Metro 46 45 9 Non-Metro 45 48 7 Nigro 61 32 1 White 37 54 9 5T Women 49 41 10 Urban 49 43 8 Conservation 54 __~9 7 k~Job Corps: Under 3 months 46 47 7 3-6 months 54 38 8 More than 6 months 64 27 9 Observation: In this vitally important area of how they related to fellow Corp~mer, oty 5T~ercerstcould saythar the kindofkids theyme~ r~ the center wos god. The 18 percer'age point difference between those in the Job Corps for les5 than three months and those in for more than six months indicate that this dislike is an imporrant factor in early drop outs, Even more significant is the 24 point difference between whites and Negroes. Some of this feeling among the whites must be attributed to racial hostility. Dropout `or Kick-out Just under one in five of the dropouts said they had beer, asked to lea' e the cer.4er~ PAGENO="0175" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 171 41 ASKED TO LEAVE OR DECIDE FOR SELF (Base: Total) Decided Asked To For Self Leave % Total 83 17 F~ii1 83 17 North Central 85 15 South 82 18 West 84 16 Large Metro 80 20 Small Metro 84 16 Non-Metro 86 14 Ne9~o 78 22 White 89 11~ Now: Working 83 17 In School 79 21 Unemployed 8~_ 18 Men 83 17 Urban 87 13 Conservation 80 20 Women 90 10 Under 18 83 17 18-19 83 17 20 or older 83 17 In Job Corps: Less than 3 months 88 12 3-6 months 78 22 6months 82 18 PAGENO="0176" 172 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 42. More men than women were asked to leave, more i~ Co'~sevaton cer~ers han urlx centers,~more Negroes than whites. The weeding out process apparer'ly takes some `ime, for more are asked to leave after the first two months tha' dudng the initial perod. Likes/tflslikes About Job Corps To determine why the dropouts left the Job Corp each was asked to s'ate in his own words what he liked about the Job Corps and what he did not like about it. He was then shos~i a list of possible reasons for leaving and asked to choose those that were important to him: PAGENO="0177" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AiCT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 173 43. LIKES/bISUKES ABOUT JOB CORPS To'al % Likes Like living conditions, food 24 Liked training for a job 23 Liked sports, athletics 23 Liked learning, education 20 Liked meeting kids from other places 19 Got along with people, had friends 14 Liked trips we took, t'aveling to center 14 Liked cpunsellors, instructors 12 Liked dances, movies, recreation 10 Liked whole thing, enjoyed it 9 Liked being away from home, being independer~.t 9 Liked going into town, weekend passes 6 Liked working conditions 6 Liked locationof center, climate 5 Other likes 7 Dislikes Too many fights, stealing, trouble 35 Too strict, too much discipline 22 Bad living conditions, food 20 Didn't get training I wanted 16 Didn't like work I was doing 8 Too many Negroes 8 (19% of whites) Too far from home, homesick 7 Too little pay 6 Didn't like anything 5 Unfair treatment, favoritism 5 Not enough personal attention 5 Didn't tell us whole story before 5 Bays don't want to learn 4 Trouble with people from town 4 Too much racial strife 3 Other dislikes 12 80-084 0 - 67 - 12 PAGENO="0178" 174 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 44. In total the likes outnumber the dislikes. Living conditions, job trainng, athletic activities, and education led the posflive mentions. Next came meeting kids from other ploces, friends that were made, and the trips that were taken (includng the one fom home to `he ce~'er). While the top four positive items have essen~ially the same percentage ~o range of24% to 2OtYo) there is one negative that stands far apart from the others: too many fights, too much sfeol~g and trouble. The second largest complaint presents the reverse picture: 22 pecen' felt the authorities are too strict and that there is too much discipli~e. Next s rhe complaint about Uirg conditions and food. Fourth on the list of negatives, 16 percent said they were not get:'-g the ainic~g they wanted. One other negative stands out: one in five whites volunteered that they felt there were too many Negroes in the center. Observation: Part of the problem the Job Corps faces is apparent in the opposing complaints of too much trouble and of too much discipline. Striking the proper balance to provide a more peaceful environment without lax discipline is extremely difficult; This difficulty is compounded by the racial hostility that exists. Reasons for Leaving Let us turn now to the list of reasons for leaving which were shown to each responde~ PAGENO="0179" PAGENO="0180" 176 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 MOST IMPORTANT REASONS (Baser Cu~rert Sf~u~ Region Size of Place - Rcce North t&ge S~TETl~- Working School Total North Central South West Metro Metro Metro Negro White Now Now -~-- -~- -57;-- ~ -~- -s;;-- -~ -57;- -~-- -s~ç ~ A lot of fights 33 25 37 35 33 23 38 39 25 47 32 35 Couldn't get job training wanted 29 30 31 29 28 30 26 43 29 29 31 30 Was generally dissatisfied 26 23 28 26 26 25 26 25 24 31 2' 27 Got homesick 21 19 16 24 18 22 19 26 22 19 2W., 14 Too many Negroes 14 12 22 11 16 8 16 19 1 33 14 16 Needed at home 12 10 9 13 16 10 12 13 12 10 15 9 Too much pressure 9 12 8 9 8 9 10 8 10 8 9 12 Left to get better job training 9 7 6 10 15 8 8 16 10 9 10 13 Was ready to try itonmyown 8 10 6 8 7 10 6 9 9 7 9 7 Left to get more schooling 6 3 4 6 12 5 5 7 7 5 5 18 Got into trouble, asked to leave 5 5 3 7 3 6 6 4 7 3 5 5 Had finished course 5 6 8 4 4 7 5 4 7 4 5 4 Offeredajob 3 2 a 3 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 5 Togetmarried 3 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 2 1 Accused unjustly askedtoleave2 - 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 5 Other 14 16 15 12 13 17 12 11 15 13 14 11 PAGENO="0181" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 177 45 FOR LEAVING THE JOB CORPS Total) In Job Corps Left Job Corps Un- Sex/Urban Conservation em- Con- 20 Unde~ Than Under Than ploy- ser.- Wo- Under or 3 3-6 6 3 3-6 6 Drop Kick ed Men Urban vaton men 18 18-19 Older Months Morrths Months Moths Months Mont~is Out Out ~ -~ mi- % % -~ -~ ~ -~ ~ç- -~ -~ ~ç ~ç 38 34 35 33 27 33 38 27 39 33 22 25 34 35 36 25 30 30 26 34 13 29 29 30 36 26 17 25 31 29 33 1.1 27 24 26 21 29 22 24 20 19 25 29 23 26 21 22 18 32 25 21 18 18 15 23 19 25 20 29 22 28 24 16 6 14 8 14 11 16 10 13 13 6 19 18 10 15 12 8 14 16 12 12 14 9 7 4 8 15 12 14 12 15 13 8 6 11 10 9 10 - 8 9 11 8 11 7 4 8 12 7 18 8 9 8 11 2 9 8 11 11 9 4 13 10 7 10 3 7 & 9 7 4 6 9 8 4 9 18 12 7 7 9 3 4 5 6 5 6 8 5 4 6 5 5 7 6 4 6 2 5 6 4 6 2 6 5 6 4 7 6 6 6 4 1 30 5 1 4 5 3 3 7 2 2 4 4 3 10 .- 10 4 1 2 5 2 3 6 5 4 2 2 6 4 4 21 4 3 13 3 2 5 3 2 4 3 4 6 4 3 2 - 1 2 12 2 13 1 12 2 16 2 23 2 11 2 14 2 14 1 13 3 13 2 18 2 15 2 14 2 14 * 12 9 21 PAGENO="0182" 178 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 46. The item cited most often as a reason for leaving is the number of fights and the desire to avoid trouble. A close second is the inability to get the kind of job training wanted. A comparison of these two reasons on a group by group basis paints up some important differences. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FIGHTS AND INADEQUATE JOB TRAINING (Base: Total) Fights - Job Training % Total +4 ~th North Central +6 South +6 West +5 L~~iMetro -7 Small Metro +12 Non-Metro Negro -4 White - +18 Now working In school +5 Unemployed +8 +4 Urban +9 ConserVation -1 Women +14 Ag~ U~cJer 18 +4 18-19 +9 20 or older -3 In J&b Corps ~Under S months +3 3 - 6 months +7 More than 6 months +5 LefFJob Corps Less than 3 months - 3-6months +3 More than 6 months +6 Urop out Kick out +14 Note: A plus sign indicares "fights" are relatively more impora'~', a mi~us Sign that "inadequate job training" is relatively more important. PAGENO="0183" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 179 47. With no group is poor job training significantly more important than too marry ugh's o-d the necessity of avoiding trouble. In the North and the large met~opoliTon o~eos poor job training is relatively more mportont. But among whites, among women, among those who were asked to leave and among those from the smaller cities and towns, the figjitc are sigrificontly more imposiorit reasons for leciving than lack of job training. Among the men, those in Conservation centers are relatively more concerned about job training although equal numbers in both types of cen'ers men'io'~ed ~he fighting as a reaon for leaving. While for most groups fighting and poor job training are the two most importar specific reasons for leuving, among whites the second most important reason, after fights, is `too mary Negroes". One out of every three whites gave this as a reasor, for leaving. On this point there is little difference between whites in urban centers(36%) and whites in Conservation centers (33%). Over 20 percent said they became homesick. This is hardly surprising in ligkt of the terrsiorrs these young people felt while in the centers. Observation: Matching job training with Corpsmen ability and desire (once they are measured) and center availability is an extremely complex procedure. This problem must be solved, however, if the Job Corps is to be more than a stop-gap measure for gettng you°g people off the street. PAGENO="0184" 180 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 48 Particulorly interesting about these findings i~ hat eve'~ with the ~elotirely crb ~ory assignment of job training to or. individual, almost 60 perce~t feel rhi~ tra's~:g iS helpful. To some extent these youth are apprecia'ive of any ttaini~g ord educational opportunities offered to them. But if they are to be taught and trained in substaHve * areas not of their choice, their willingness to continue in the centers will be de!e'mned by elements outside the realm of training. They are moVe likely `a make their decision over such questons as whether or no the cenrer is merely an exte~son 0c the h~srsh environment in which they have g'or/i up and whether a' rot hey car' escape the prejudices and fears they have developed It is precisely here that the Job Corps fails wi'h `hese drop outs. Asked to learn sub jec's * that may always havr been difficult for them, t,o~ned for a job whose usefulres, 0 hem may be small or unappreciated and living in hos~rle surroundings, they ask `Who' for?" and leave or start trouble and fl~lly are asked to leu~e. PAGENO="0185" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 181 49. POST-JOB CORPS EXPER!ENCE PAGENO="0186" 182 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 50 Relocation Up on leaving the Job Corps, 94 percent went back to the some home they we'e in before entering the Job Corps, and of those.who went back to the same home 86 percent are still there~ Where went after Job Corps Where living now Base: Total ________Bose Total Same home as before Job Corps 94 Same home as before Job Cops 81 Still there UT Another home in same neghbo~hood 8 Move 13 Another neighborhood in some town 9 Different place 6 Another city, town or rural area 2 Observation: Because we went to a list of specifed addresses we a'e almost certainly ii~der representing relocations. The degree to which there is under- representation cannot be completely determined. What Did Immediately After Job Corps Right after leaving the Job Corps, 62 percent obtained a job, 8 percent went to school (2percent were doing both) and 26 percent were unemployed: PAGENO="0187" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 183 5' WHAT DID RiGHT AFTER 1EA~ NG JOB CORPS (Base~ Total; Now Age n Job Corps Work- in 17 u~~r~:iv ~7?Y~ T36~7~to!e*ors Total Men Women ing school ployed 18 mor~ths olde: mor~ths moon-s 6 months ~ ~% ~ ~ ~ % % ~ ~% ~ ~ Got a job 62 62 44 73 56 50 56 63 66 63 62 60 Went to school 8 8 2 7 39 3 16 7 3 10 7 6 Unemployed 26 26 38 19 17 39 `26 27 25 25 28 27 Military Servke 1 1 - - - * 1 * 1 A'rested and conFined 1 1 - * - 2 1 1 ~ 1 1 - Other 4416 4 2 6 5 4 7 4 4 7 to more than 100 percent as some respo'sder.ts g.~e mo'e tha-. o~ e c Length of time in the Job Corps does not oppe~: `0 hove been a ar'o~ in ~ the dop- outs did right after Job Corps. More men than women got jobs o: tven' to school. ~r those who are currently unemployed, one half had a job ngh~ a~te: lear mg !re Job Corps. Of those who were working one in ten said they fouid a employment ti~ough the Job Corps. The longer they were in the more likely this wa~ to be !ue: PAGENO="0188" 184 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 52. HOW FOUND JOB (Base: Got Job Rgh' After Job Cops = 62%i r~ Job Co:ps Total mo~tt~s p~çir~-~ 6 monhs __%_ --~-- ~-,7;_ ____%____ Through Job Corps 10 7 12 16 State employment agency 11 8 10 21 Private employment agency 4 5 3 5 Newspaper 33 36 32 33 Other 42 44 43 25 The median hourly rate for those working immed.o'ely atre~ the Job Cops was 8ç ~-.gher than the pre-Job Corps rote: HOURLY RATE (Base: Got Job Right Afre: job Cops 62%) Total Less than $1 .00 13 $1.00-1.25 40 $1.26-1.50 24 $1.51-1.75 10 $1.76-$2.00 5 $2.01 - 2.25 3 Over 2.25 5 Median $1 .23 PAGENO="0189" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 185 53. Lenath of Time Since Leaving Job Corp~ More than half of both the men and women lee' the iob Cops less than sic months ago The median time since they left is 51 months (`hs compa'es w~ 3.3 rnon'hs ~ `I-c gadua'es~. HOW LONG AGO LEST JOB CORPS (Base Total; Total o - 2 months ago 9 3 - 4 months ago 25 5 - 6 months ago 30 7 - 12 months ago 31 More than 12 months ago 5 Median 5.1 months PAGENO="0190" Job Cope Contacts Since Leaving Four in ten said they have kept in touch with someone from the Job Corps mos' cc~e; this was another Corpsman: CONTACT WITH SOMEONE ~ROM JOB CORPS Kept in touch with someone With whom from Job Cops (eose~ Kept n touch 40%) (Bose; Total) _____________ ________ Total 40 49 North Cen'rol 40 South 37 West Large Metro 46 Small Metro 38 Non_Metro 43 White Working Now 44 In School Now 37 U~~loyed 3_~_ Men 39 Urlxrn 46 Conservation 33 Women 56 Age tJ~er18 35 18-19 43 20o older 40_ In Job Corps Ui~der 3 months 32 3-6 months 43 Mote than 6 months 55 Other Corpsmc~ Resdenr worker Teache Vocational supe~viso Other 83 12 9 7 12 186 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 54 Yes Kept in touch w,tI~ PAGENO="0191" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 187 55. Women more than men and Negroes more than whites ce lkely to have kept in touch with someone from the center. Large urban areas, probably because of geog'aphic compactness, also have more people who kept in touch with o'hers fom the cen'e~ - Currert Status Each was then asked what they were currently doing: PAGENO="0192" 188 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 WHAT DOING N0W~ (Base: Total) 56. Wo~n~ % ~Schooi % Une~yed Othe % % Total North 56 37 10 5 33 ~ 5 ~ North Central 55 6 36 5 South 59 10 31 4 West 41 19 41 5 t~Metro 33 ~9 T Small Metro 56 10 32 6 Non-Metro Negro 58 3W 7 itr 34 ~r 5 ~- White 55 9 36 A -~- 3W 4 Urban 58 9 32 5 Conservation 56 9 34 3 Women 33 16 35 20 ~i- Under 18 50 16 -_-__ 36 5 18-19 58 7 33 5 20 or older 59 6 31 ~_ 5 mJob~ 1.ess than 3 months 54 12 35 5 36 months 59 7 32 5 More than 6 months 56 - 10 -________ 32 4 Left Job Corps: Less than 3 months 44 8 38 4 3-6 months 56 10 31 4 More than 6 months 56 9 33 4 * Drop-out 55 9 32 ~4 Kick-out 53 11 34 2 ~Note: Adds to more than 100% because appro~(imately 4% were workng and in school. PAGENO="0193" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 189 57. (If we were to include the 5% of our contacts whom we found were in the mlitory the total results would look os follows: 54% working, 10% in school, 32% unemployed, 5% irs the military and 4% other.) Overall there is no reported change in the number currently employed compared with their pre-Job Corps status. The number in school has dropped slightly, unemployment has increased slightly. Group by group there are some slight s,aia~Ions in this pattern. 80-084 0 - 67 - 13 PAGENO="0194" 190 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 COMPARISON OF PRE AND POST JOB CORPS STATUS (Base: Total) Working in school Unemployed %~ --~j- --~---- 58. Total North Central South West I~tro Small Metro Non-Metro Negro White Men Urban Conservation Women Age tJ~3~r 18 18-19 20 or older In Job Lorps Under 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months Drop out Kick-out Graduates - -2 +4 -5 -1 -3 -4 +5 -~5------~ -4 -1 +7 -2 Ji +3 +2 +4 -4 -3 -3 -4 +1 +3 +2 +5 +2 +4 -3 -2 +1 +5 +1 -1 +4 +3 -6 +3 -~.._ +2 -1 -1 1-5 - -5 -5 +3 +4 - -~ç2_ -1 -3 -1 - -2 +3 -20 PAGENO="0195" ECONOMIC OPPORTuNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 191 59. There has been a gain in employment in the large metropoUtan a'eas and the non- me'opolitan areas. Those who stayed in the Job Corps over 6 months show higher employ- ment than pre-Job Co!ps. Except in the West (where the average age of the dropouts was somewhat lower than in the rest of the country) the number in school tended to declir~e. Unemployment increased somewhat, particularly in tke South, among Negoes, and among those who went to Conservation centers. Observation: A comparison of the increase in employment among the gaduares ~T~F~e~rience of the dropouts indicates the dramatic impact the Job Corps can have on these youths. However, the comparison is not completely fair. First, the dropouts started from a higher plateau of employment. Had the graduates been at the same level of pre- Job Corps employment as the dropouts, the increase in employment would have been 18 points (instead of 29 points) and the drop in unemployment 10 ponts (instead of 20 points). Second, the graduates are sampled from a list of verified placements. By defi- nition, high post-Job Corps employment for the graduates was ~o be expected. Now Wor~ Of those who are now working, just under four in ten are in servke Occupations. This is a decline of 16 percentage points in this grouping. There is art increase in clerical work, machine t~ctdes and miscellóneous occupatioiw: PAGENO="0196" 192 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 WHAT KIND OF JOB (Base: Worki~g Now Region North Large Sm~U No.- Total North Central South West Metro Metro Me!o Negro White Me~ % % % ..% % %. % % % % % Professional, Technical and Managerial 4 . 5 2 7 6 3 2 5 3 4 Clerkal and Sales 7 8 7 8 12 10 6 9 7 7 5 Service 38 29 27 40 45 32 40 39 39 36 38 Farming,Fishing,Farestry 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 Processing 3 1 5 3 5 4 3 2 3 3 3 Machine Trades 10 17 14 7 7 15 8 6 8 13 10 Bench Work 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 11 6 5 6 Structural Work 10 3 8 14 2 8 12 7 11 9 10 Miscellaneous 22 28 20 22 19 18 24 24 20 23 22 Don't know * 1 1 * - ~1 1 - - 1 * PAGENO="0197" ECONOMIC OPPORT1Th~ITY AcT AMENDMENTS~ OF 1967 193 6Q~ HAVE NOW =56%) In_Job_Corps ________________ More More llrbon,Conservotion - Age . Less Tban Using Less Than Conser- Under 20 or 3 3-6 6 Job Corp3 3 3-6 6 Urban vation Women 18 18-19 Older Months Months Months Training Months Months Months % % % % % % % % % % % % % 4 4 7 4 5 3 2 6 4 5 7 4 4 9 7 20 6 8 9 8 6 10 8 12 8 7 38 41 33 40 38 33 39 37 36 34 35 39 37 1 * - 1 - 1 1 * 1 - - 1 * 2 4 13 5 2 4 2 5 2 1 2 3 3 13 7 - 10 10 9 8 10 14 11 7 9 11 6 5 7 7 3 7 5 5 6.~ 7 9 11 1310 1010 11 10 9 18 2 9 12 20 24 721 2027 2320 20 16 23 20 22 * * - - 1 1 1 * - - - 1 - PAGENO="0198" 194 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 61. Only 2 percent said they found their current job through the Job Corps (7% of those who have been out less than 3 months). This compares with 10 percent who sad the J0 orps helped them find a job immediately after leaving the center. Number of Jobs Over half (58%) of those~now working said they have had more thom one job since leaving the Job Corps: MORE THAN ONE JOB SINCE LEAVING JOB CORPS (Base: Working Now 56%) Total Only one 42 More than one 58 Three 16 More than three 5 thofTimeonJob.-Raiie~ Most of those working have been on their present job less than three months and over one in four say they have received a raise: PAGENO="0199" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 195 62. LENGTH OF TIME ON JOB (Bose: Working Now ~ 56%) Left Job Corps Tess than 3-6 More th~ Total 3 months ago months ago 6 months ago __%_ % ___%___ % U'~dec 3 mont is 69 100 75 54 3-6 months 22 - 25 24 More thor 6 months 9 - - 22 RECEIVED ANY RAISES (Bose: Working Now = 56%) Left Job Corps Less than 3-6 More th~ Total 3monthsago monthsago 6monthsago -%- None 71 89 74 One 22 11 21 27 Two 6 - 4 8 Three 1 - 1 2 More than ;hree a - * - PAGENO="0200" 196 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 63. Using .!ob Corps Tr&ning While on!y 15% of the total group working were oble to say they were currently using Job Corps tra~ :rg on their job, this figure rose to 37% of those in the Job Corps for more than 6 months. The over 6 month group compares favorably with the graduates where 43% of those working, said they were using Job Corps training: USING JOB CORPS TRAINING ON JOB (Base: Working Now = 56%) Left Job Corps 1Th~ñ~ 3-ó More then~" Total 3 months months 6 months Using Job Corps training 15 8 16 37 Not usng Job Corps training 84 92 83 62 Notsure 1 - 1 1 PAGENO="0201" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AcT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 197 64. WHAT LEARNED THAT ARE USNG ON JOB (Base: Working Now and Using Job Corps Tiaining = 8% of Tot9l) Using Job Corps training Function and repair of machines 24 Cleaning-janitorial 13 Carpentry-painting 10 Welding 9 Safety training 9 Better rea8ing 9 Getting along with others 8 Learned to drive 7 Heavy equipment 4 Outdoor work 4 All other 11 Observation: Even without completing a course of training in the Job Corps it is clear that what is learned can be useful. For those who were in the Job Corps over 6 months, not only is there an increase in the number employed compared with their pm-Job Corps status but they are also more likely to be using Job Corps training than those who were in for a shorter period of time. Number of Hours The median number of hours worked per week has increased from 36.4 before the Job Corps to 37.3 currently: PAGENO="0202" 198 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 65. NUMBER OF HOURS/WEEK ON CURRENT JOB (Bose: Working Now = 56%) Total Men Women -az-- % ~ Underl7 4 4 6 17-24 3 3 6 25-32 10 10 6 33-40 50 50 64 41 or more 33 33 18 Median 37.3hrs. 37.3hrs. 36.Ohrs. Change from pie-Job Corps +.9 hrs. +.9 hrs. -ii .2 hrs. Hourly Rate Compated with pre-Job Corps employment, there has been an increase of $.20Aiour in the median pay rare. This compares with an increase of $.47,4sour for the graduates: PAGENO="0203" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 199 CURRENT HOURLY RATE (Bose~ Working now 56%) 66. 1.ess than $l.OOI1.26$l.5l$l.76$2.OlOver Change from. $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00 $2.25 $2.25 Median Pre-Job Corps % % % % % % % % % 33 24 25 31 22 20 39 24 35 22 23 27 40 22 35 24 ~33 24 33 23 33 24 27 28 38 22 47 - 13 6 22 8 12 10 13 4 7 5 17 11 11 4 14 2 14 6 13 7 13 6 13 5 12 7 35 6 5 12 4 10 7 25 4 7 7 15 5 16 5 11 1 6 4 12 6 12 5 12 6 15 4 10 - 6 1.45 1.58 1.27 1.34 1.49 1.27 1.22 1 .35 1 .37 L35 1.40 1.31 1.22 Total 7 North - North Central 4 South 9 West 7 ~.arge Metro 1 Small Metro 8 Non-Metro 18 Negro 7 White Men 7 Urban 6 Conservation 7 Women 6 Under 18 9 18-19 6 206rolder 6 -i~~;--i;~ Corps: 1.e~s than 3 months 8 3-6 months 8 More than 6~nontFts 3 Left Job Corps: Less than 3 months 7 3-6mohths )4.~ More than 6months 6 Using Job Corps + .15 + .45 + .18 + .07 + .23 + .15 + .18 + .20 + .24 + .20 + .24 + .17 + .10 43 23 11 3 4 7 1.23 +.12 33 24 16 6 5 10 1.36 -i-.21 - 25 24 12 8 5 20 1.45 ** 2*~ 32 28 12 4 5 11 1.34 + .19 37 21 13 7 5 9 1.31 + .16 23 18 8 3 18 1.47 + .35 32 18 20 6 17 1.40 + .27 42 9 14 14 - 7 1.20 + .06 36 29 10 5 5 9 1.32 + 16 Training 7 28 18 18 6 6 17 Drop-out 7 30 25 14 6 . 5 13 Kick-out 5 47 17 11 7 4 9 1.46 1.38 1.23 + .33 + .23 + .05 PAGENO="0204" 200 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 67. Aside from the North Central which has far and away the hghest median hourly rate (and increase), the highest median hourly rates ond rate increases are found in the group using Job Corps training on their job and among those who have been in the Job Corps over 6 months. The smallest increase is found in the South and among those who were asked to leave the centers. Men increased their hourly rate more than women, urban center men more than Conservation center men, and whites more than Negroes. Observation: The increase in median hourly rate for every group suggests that any ~óntoct with the Job Corps can improve employment potential. The comparatively greater increase for those groups where the contact was most effective (in Job Corps over 6 months, using Job Corps training) clearly illustrates the value of the Job Corps experience. Possibilities of Job Advancement This point was ag~rin made when we asked those who were working whether they felt their job offered them a chance for advancement or did they consider it a sort of dead-end. CHANCE FOR ADVANCEMENT ON JOB (Base: Working Now 56%) Sex/Urban, Conservation In Job Cops Using J0b Conser- Race j~j~ - 3~T More than Corps train- Total Men Wom~n Urban vation Ne~ro White 3 months months 6 months ing on job ~c % Prettygood chance for advancement 55 56 38 59 53 53 63 52 58 59 69 Dead end 37 36 49 33 39 40 30 38 35 36 28 Notsure 8 813 8 8 7 7 10 7 5 3 PAGENO="0205" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 201 68. Over half (55%) feel they have a pretty good chance for advancement compared with 21 percent of this group who felt, before going into the Job Corps, that they had a good chance for eventually getting a good paying job (the questions were not identical and there is probably an element of hope as well as of real expectation in the aftcr-Job Corpsanswer but the size of the increosegives some measure of the change in attitude). Whites are more optimistic than Negroes, men more than women and those in urban centers more than those in Conservation centers. O':servation: The most optimistic group in terms of improvement in pay and ~tat!on of odvancementis the group using Job Corps training on their present lob. In SchooF Now Turning now to the 10 percent who are in school, over half of this group ore back in high school: TYPE OF SCHOOL* (Base: In School Now = 10%) Age Total 1Jnd~er T8 18-19 20 or older _%__ %. ___%__ %_ High school 52 72 51 14 Trade school 13 4 20 23 College 3 - 6 5 Vocal training 30 17 26 59 Other 7 9 3 9 eNate: Figures odd to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. PAGENO="0206" 202 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 69. Age is an obvious factor: the younger ones more Ukely to be in high school, the older ones in a vocational training program. Most of those in school expect to finish within 2 years: HOW LONG TO FINISH SCHOOLING (Base: In School Now = 10%) Total Less than one year 30 One year 18 Two years 23 Three years 13 More than three years 7 Not sure 9 Almost 9 in 10 (88%) feel school is now worthwhile. Of those in school before going into the Job Corps only 64% felt it was worthwhile. The Job Corps experience has been useful to aver half in preparing them for school: HOW USEFUL WAS JOB CORPS IN PREPARING FOR SCHOOL (Base: In school Now = 10%) Total Job Corps helped a lot 29 Job Corps helped some, not a lot 28 Job Corps didn't make much difference 43 PAGENO="0207" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 203 70. Unemployed Now Of those who are unemployed only one in three said they have been unemployed since they left the Job Corps. More than half said they had been working since that time: WHAT DOING BEFORE UNEMPLOYED (Base: Unemployed Now = 33%) Left Job Corps Less than3 3-6 More than Total months months 6 months _%___ _%__ __%___ % lniobCorps 29 68 25 25 Inschool 4 - 6 2 Working 63 32 63 71 Other 4 - 6 2 The unemployed group hasbeen out of work a median of 1.9 months (they have been out of the Job Corps a median of 5.1 months, the same as the total sample): PAGENO="0208" 204 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 H~YW LONG UNEMPLOYED (Base: Now Unemployed = 33%) 71. Left Job Cops i~i~Tban ~::6~~More ~ Total 3 months months 6 months __%_ _~%~_ _%_ -% - Less than 1 month 1 -3months 4- 6months 7- 12 months Over 12 months Not sure Median 37 42 38 34 41 58 38 37 14 - 19 10 5 - - 14 1 - - 3 2 - 5 2 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.2 Most of the unemployed are looking for a job but 1 6% are trying to get back into the Job Corps: WHAT TRYINGTO DO NOW* (Base: Now Unemployed = 33%) Left Job Corps less than 3-6 More fh~ Total 3 months months 6 months _%___ % _%____%___~ Get intoschool 11 10 11 Get into armed forces 10 RejointheJobCorps 16 28 16 59 65 Gefa job 60 8 4 6 Other 5 ~Note~FTgures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. PAGENO="0209" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 205 72. Those out of the Job Corps for the shortest time are the most interested irs rejonng. Interest tenth to subside the longer one is out. Only 5 percent of those looking for a job ore being helped t!-rough the Job Cops. Again length of time out of a center is a factor: ~2 percent of those out less than three monfhs are looking with the help of the Job Corps while only 4 percent of those out three months or more are being helped by the .JQb Corps. Half of the unemployed feel they have a good chance of accomplishing what they are trying to do: CHANCES OF DOING WHAT YOU WANT TO DO (Base: Now Unemployed = 33%) Trying to get into Armed Job Total School Forces Corps Job _%_ __~%__ -~c- ~ Good 50 79 75 59 39 Notsogocd 35 7 ~6 14 47 Notsure 15 14 9 27 14 There are sharp variations in the patterns, however, those trying to get into school or the Armed Farces feel much more confident of their chances than those trying to get a job. The youth trying to get hack into the Job Corps express fairly strong confidence in their chances. 80-084 0 - 67 - 14 PAGENO="0210" 206 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 73. Observation: The unemployed are certainly the people who have benefited least from the Job Corps experience. But their fcilure has not hardened them to the extent that they have given up. Only 6 percent indicated that were `doing nothing". Interest in Armed Forces One qu.rter of all the graduates have tried to enter the Armed Forces since leaving the Job Corps: this compares wirh 17 percent of the graduates(who were out of the Job Corps fewer months on the overage). TRIED TO ENTER ARMED FORCES SINCE LEAVING JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Total North North Central South West Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro Negro White Men Women U~~r 18 18-19 20 or older Left Job Corps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than ómontl's Now working In school Unemployed Tried To Enter Armed Forces 26 30 28 23 24 25 30 31 8 13 25 29 19 25 * 16 30 27 PAGENO="0211" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT: AMENDMENTS OF 1967 207 74. Whites more- ti-an Negroes, and those 18-19 more than the othe! age groups have tied to enter the A'n-~d Forces. The g.eotest diffeence is found between those who left the Job Corps within `he last 3 mcsths where 13 percent have tried and those who left more than 6 months ago where 29 percent ha~'e tried to enter the Armed Forces. One quarter (26%) 0f those who took the physical and mental tests passed both tests compared with 28 percent of the graduates. More Negroes than whites passed both tests. Many more thc~auts (~4%) than graduates (6%) failed bath tests: WHICH TESTS PASSED (Base: Tried To Enter Mlita~y Since Job Cops = 26%) Total Negro White - Passedboth4ests- ~-~-~- ~-------26 ---~-- -~32--~---~ ---2ô-~j~ Passed physical only 18 15 19 Posse~mentalonty------------22--~--~-----24~----- "-22 Passedneither test 34 9 39 PAGENO="0212" 208 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 75. DRAFT CLASSIFICAIION (Base~ Men 96%) Total lÀ 23 IY 27 4F 14 Othet 7 None 24 Don't know what it is 5 One in five of the men say their draft classification has changed from what it was before they went into the Job Corps: CHANGE IN DRAFT CLASSIFICATION (Base: Men = 96%) Did not chan~Qe 72 22 WÔi Now 1A T4 T lY 1 10 4F 1 5 Other 1 1 None 4 - Don't know 1 2 Not sure 6 PAGENO="0213" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 209 76. The shift has been mostly from 1A to 1Y, a reversal of the pattern for the graduates. Value of Job Corps Experience Finally, let us turn to an analysis of the dropouts general feeling about what the Job Corps has done for them. Each was asked: ~Thinking back to before you were in the Job Corps, do you think you gre better off or worse off now than you were before you went into the Job Corps?" PAGENO="0214" 210 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 BETTER OFF OR WORSE OFF NOW THAN BEFORE JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Better Worse About Not off off same sure _%_ -~- -~- _%__ 77. Total North Central South West Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro Negro White Working Now In School Now Unemployed Men Urban Conservation Women Interested in re- joining Job Corps Using Job Corps training Left Job Corps Lè~ than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months 50 18 29 -3 48 19 27 6 48 18 31 3 44 19 33 4 53 15 28 4 48 19 29 4 47 19 32 4 50 19 29 2 51 15 29 5 57 12 27 4 59 15 21 5 36 28 34 2 50 18 29 3 54 16 26 4 46 19 32 3 60 15 ~ Age tI~0er18 46 19 31 4 18-19 .(~52. .17 28.. 3 20 or older 50 18 28 4 ~In J~ Corps U~der~3~~hs 42 19 36 3 3-6 months 56 18 23 3 More than 6 months 61 13 24 2 44 24 29 3 76 11 13 - 55 16 24 5 49 18 30 3 50 17 29 3 PAGENO="0215" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 211 78. Overall, an even 50 percent of the young people feel they are better off as a result of the Job Corps: this compares with 68 percent of the graduates. Women more than men appreciated the Job Corps experience. Those currently working or in school are significantly more favorable toward their Job Corps experience than are the currently unemployed. Those n urban centers are more positive than those in Conservation centers. The longersomeone stayed in the Job Corps the more likely he is to feel that he has benefited from it. Over three quarters of those now using their Job Corps training feel they are better off as a result of their experience. On the nertative side almost one in five feel they are worse off now than before they went into the Job Corps. This is three times the number of graduates who felt that way (6%). The currently unemployed feel most strongly that their time in the Job Corps set them back. Observation: The smaller percentages in the above table are, by far the most significant: 29% feel the Job Corps was of little help to them, 18% that they are worse off. For many of these young men and women the Job Corps was a bright hope for their future, perhaps their last hope. Their hopes have been dimmed and their expectations frustratea. The fault must lie primarily with the Job Corps. In many cases the centers did not provide either the envis'onment or the training that would have encouraged the dropout to stay. PAGENO="0216" 212 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 79. Interevting in Rejoinipg Job Corp~ Buh there is a certain resiliency to this group. Two thirds a'e again either working or in school and of the one thrd who pre unemployed only6 percent say rhey are doing nothing. Nor is the potential benefit of the Job Corps lost on these young men and women. Over half say they would be interested in rejoiningthe Job Corps: INTEREST IN REJOINING JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Interested ___- Total 56 North 52 North Central 52 South 59 West 52 Large Metro 57 Small Metro 55 Non-Metro 53 Negro 64 White 43_ Working Now 54 In School Now 49 Unemployed 59 Men 56 Urban 54 Conservation 59 Women 58 Age t1i~2er18 52 18-19 58 20 or older 58 In Job Corps Under 3 months 53 3-6 months 61 More than 6 months 56 Drop-out 53 Kick-out 72 PAGENO="0217" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 213 80. Observation: These last results must be viewed as encouraging. The value af the Job Corps is appreciated even by those who decided to leave. But if this group were to rejoin and if the approximately 30 percent o~ new ~orpsrnen who will drop out are to be helped, then the training must be better directed toward the felt needs of these individuol~, especially in the Conse~vation centers. Both types of cenlers must provide a more peaceful and positive atmosphere in which `o learn. PAGENO="0218" PAGENO="0219" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 215 81. ACTIVITIES AND INVOLVEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY PAGENO="0220" 216 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 82. A series of questions was asked to determine how these young men and women spent their leisure time and to what extent they were involved with the community. l_eisure Activities First each person was asked how often since leaving the Job Corps he hod particpated in a whole roster of various activities -- from listening to mu~ic, to reading, to sports. The following table gives the percentageof those who said they were involved i~s the activity often (on a regular basis:) PAGENO="0221" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 217 Age Total Men Women Under 18 18-19 20 or 013e Negro White % % % % % % % % ACTIVITIES - DO OFTEN (Base ;To ta I) 83 Music Ti~i~n to jazz 39 39 38 40 38 Rock n roll 67 67 65 73 58 Folk music 11 11 12 8 12 ClassicalorSemi-classical8 8 10 4 10 Counry and Western 15 15 23 13 16 Amusements Go to movies 30 30 27 30 30 Gotoplays 4 4 4 3 5 Go to concerts 6 5 4 3 8 Museums or art galleries 4 4 6 4 6 Nightclubs 16 16 10 7 17 Gamble 7 7 6 7 6 Watch TV 68 68 65 74 64 Go to parties 35 36 25 40 35 Go dancing 39 39 29 41 40 Hang around 23 24 14 30 26 Play ches~, checkers, etc. 16 16 6 15 16 Drink beer, wine, liquor 9 9 8 7 8 Read Books Comic books 16 16 15 19 18 Mystery, detective, etc. 13 13 13 13 14 Novels 8 8 10 6 8 Scientific and technical 10 10 10 8 11 History or biography 12 12 10 8 13 Poetry 6 6 13 3 8 Read magazines Girlie 10 10 2 9 10 Adventure 8 9 4 8 9 News 17 18 14 12 17 Trade 19 20 4 17 20 Intellectual 2 2 4 1 2 Women's 3 2 19 2 3 Movies and record 9 9 15 7 10 Lovestory 8 7 29 11 7 S parts 44 45 13 47 46 Golf 2 2 - 1 3 Swimming 28 29 8 31 33 Bowling 13 14 10 11 15 Team sports 39 40 8 40 41 Fishing 15 16 2 14 15 Other on dates 46 47 23 48 46 Paticipate in civil rights 3 3 - 4 4 Pleasure trips 20 miles 17 17 15 18 17 Read newspapers 48 48 38 40 46 39 45 31 60 72 61 12 5 21 10 10 6 15 4 33 30 33 27 3 5 2 6 8 2 3 5 4 22 20 8 6 8 5 67 66 71 30 41 27 36 45 27 14 22 25 15 18 13 12 9 9 11 18 15 11 12 14 11 11 5 12 11 8 15 15 7 6 7 4 10 9 11 8 9 9 23 20 14 21 20 20 3 3 1 4 3 3 9 9 9 8 9 8 38 47 42 2 3 2 18 27 29 15 13 15 34 48 25 16 13 18 43 48 43 2 4 2 18 17 19 58 52 41 PAGENO="0222" 218 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 84. Watching television and listening to rock `n'roll are for and a.vay the mo~r impotar.t activities. These are followed by nespaper reading (higher among the older group), going out on dates, and playing pool. Dancing, parties and team sports are regular activities of approximately four in ten. Reading, except for newspapers, is apparently done on a regular basis by less than twenty percent of the dropouts (less than one in five said they hod a library card). Almost one-quarter say they often `just hank cround (This tends to be more true of the younger than the older dropouts.) Religious Attendbnce. l.ess than one in five attendreligious services or a regula! basis. This repre~ents a decline from both pre-Job Corps attendance and in-Job Corp~ attendance. The number who never attend has increased: PAGENO="0223" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 219 85. ATTENDANCE AT RELIGiOUS SERV:CES (Bose: Total) Before Job Co~AUedII~JobCo~Ater~dJNowAitend ~ Occasio~ul Never ~g~jar Occc~or~ Never Regular Oc~asio~ol Never °`° % %l% ~ % % 2Q ~ !~I2Z ~ ~il~iI 45 ~ Men 27 53 20 27 31 42 18 46 36 Women 38 50 12 21 46 33 25 42 33 Less than 18 26 55 19 23 32 45 17 47 36 18-19 26 53 21 29 31 40 18 45 37 20 or older 33 50 17 28 33 39 21 45 34 Negro 30 56 14 28 36 36 19 49 32 White 24 49 27 I 26 24 50 18 40 42 Ui~n 24 65 21 25 31 44 15 46 39 Conservation 30 51 19 29 31 40 21 45 34 Driving Most of the drop-outs know how to drive; DRiVING (Base: Total) Know How Learn in Job C~ Have Licerse Owna Car % % %. % Total 84 .8 30 13 Women 52 8 .18 8 Lessthanl8 86 7 21 9 18-19 84 11 31 13 20 or older 83 7 39 iS Negro 85 9 26 9 White 84 - 6 37 19 Ui~an 88 9 37 14 Conservation 85 9 27 14 PAGENO="0224" 220 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 86. Eight percent who know how to drive lear"ed in the Job Corps, thirty percent have a license and thirteen percent said they owned a car. Among the graduates ninety percent know how to drive, sixteen percent learned in the Job Cops, fifty fow percent hoVe licenses and thirty seven percent own a car. Organization Membership Only eight percent have joined a labor uniol, frocte, or professior~al oga~iza!ion compared to seventeen percent of the graduates. MEMBERSHIP IN LABOR UNION, TRADE OR PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION (Base: Total) Have Membership _% - Total 8 I~~vorking iT Now in school 6 Now unemployed 4 Organized Social Activity About the same percentage of drop ou~s as graduates belo~g to a social club or group of some kind (bowling league, etc.). PAGENO="0225" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 221 87. BELONG TO SOCIAL CLUB (Base: Total) % Men 13 Women 13 Negro 10 White 10 Graduates 15 Voting O~those eligible to vote (16% of the dropouts), thirty-one pe~ce"t have registered and of the registered group fifty-three percent said they hod voted. This means that five percent of the total group of dropouts are registered compared with seven percent of the graduates. Medical Care One-half of the dropouts said they have seen a doctor or dentist since leaving the Job Corps. The unemployed and those living in the south h~ve hod the least contact: 80-084 0 - 67 - PAGENO="0226" 222 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 88. SEEN DOCTOR OR DENTiST Seen Doctor or Dentist Whot Wa~ Done - (Base: TotaU ~SeenDocto'oDent~49%) % % Total 49 Routine medical 51 North 56 Routine dental 11 North Central 52 Got medicine 14 South 46 Too'h pulled 13 West 49 Tooh filled 6 Working 51 Put itt hoptal 6 In School 54 Had ope:otion 6 Unemploy 44 Group p~ychotheropy 1 Individuol pcychothe:apy 2 _____________ Other 24 * Figures add to mare than 100 percent as same respo~den~s gave more tho~ one arswer. Savings Only thirty percent of the dropouts are now saving any money. This compares with fifly-three precent of the graduates: * SAVING MONEY (Base: Total) Total Working In School Unemployed % % % % Nothing 70 57 83 89 Under $5.00 6 6 5 4 $5.00-$10.00 11 17 8 4 $11.00-$20.00 5 8 1 2 $21.00-$30.00 3 6 1 1 $3l.OOormore 3 4 1 * Notsure 2 2 1 * Only those working are saving to the same extent a~ the g~id~u~es. PAGENO="0227" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 223 -89. Cortacts With Social Agencies When asked if they had gone to any social ogencie-. ;kce le~vng the Job Co.-p~, one in five said they had: GONE TO SOCIAL AGENCY Which One Gone To Social Agency ~ (Base:Total) Welfo:e Une~y~d Rel~gou~ou3 Other % % % % % Total Men Women 18 T~ 26 8 34 -~ 30 10 2 ~ - 57 ~ 60 ~i T~ Under 18 16 7 27 2 64 18-19 18 6 32 2 60 20 or older 20 11 42 2 46 Negro 17 - 7 33 2 59 White 20 8 39 3 50 Working 17 5 31 3 61 In Sch6ol 18 12 35 - 53 Unernployed 22 10 36 1 53 U~ba~ 17 10 32 4 55 Conservation 18 4 38 1 57 Dropout 17 8 33 1 58 Kickout 23 8 41 5 46 PAGENO="0228" 224 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 90. Women more than men have contacted some social age'~cy, kick ous mote tho~ drop ous o"d the unemployed more than those working or in school In total, one percert of the drop outs have gone to a welfare agency, six percent to the unemployment bureau ar~d eleven percent to some other social agency. Among the graduates, twelve percent have gone to Come type oftocial agency. Contact With Police Twice as many drop outs as graduates hove had trouble with the police since leaving the Job Corps: TROUBLE WITH POL1CE If Had Trouble Hod (Base: Hod Tro~El~: 18%) Trouble Had Didnt (B~~flo1aI) Lawyer No lawyer need La~y~ -~- -~-- - % Total 18 26. 35 39 T~ Women 12 40 20 40 Under 18 20 17 40 43 18-19 19 28 35 37 20 or older 14 33 30 37 Negro 17 19 38 43 White 19 33 32 35 Working 17 28 36 36 In school 22 27 23 50 Unemployed 20 25 29 46 UrI~n 18 28 37 35 Conservation 18 24 34 42 Dropout 17 27 32 .41 Kickout 21 19 50 31 Graduates 9 x x x PAGENO="0229" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 225 .9L Men were more likely to have had trouble with the police than women. The you'~ger drop-outs had more trouble than the older ones. Observation: The dropouts appear to have adjusted less well so the commulity upon le~ving tiw Job Corps than have the graduates. As a consequence of working less (a-d of earni'~g a lower hourly rate when they are working), fewer dropouts belong tourions, are able to save, or ~vn cars. The mostsfgnificanf differences appear in the negative contacts with the community: 50 percent more dropouts than graduates have conlacteda social agency and rwice as many have had trouble with the police. PAGENO="0230" PAGENO="0231" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 227 92. ADD~T(ONAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PAGENO="0232" 228 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 93. This section includes the results to certain demographic questions that are not included in the body of the report: SIZE OF PLACE Total Large Metro (central city over one million) 32 Small Metro (central city under one million) 54 Non Metro 14 TYPE OF CENTER Total Men - Urban 42 Conservation 54 Women 4 PAGENO="0233" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 229 94. AGE Total Total ~ 16 5 4 17 23 20 18 26 28 19 18 16 20 15 16 21 7 TO Over2l 6 6 Median 17.8 years 17.9 years ETHNIC (Base: Total) Total Men Women Urban Conservation % % % % % Negro 60 60 49 55 65 wErf~. Mexican -~ 15 5 ~ Puertc Rican 3 3 4 3 2 Other 29 29 33 35 25 Indian 2 2 4 2 2 PAGENO="0234" 230 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 95. EDUCATION Became High School Became High Nota Was High School GraduateafterJob School Graduate High School Graduate before Corps by finishing after Job Corps by Graduate Job Corps School Passing Exam % % Total 93 6 * 1 N~h - North Central 96 3 1 * South 93 6 * 1 West 81 13 2 4 Negro 91 8 * 1 White 94 3 1 3 Work 93 6 * 1 School 89 7 1 3 Unemployed 95 4 * 1 Age O~er18 99 - * 1 18-19 95 4 * 1 2Oand older 88 14 1 2 Using. Job Corps Training 86 6 2 6 Observation: Half as many dropouts as graduates have finished high school (7% to 14%). PAGENO="0235" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 231 96. MARITAL STATUS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN Age Number of Children (Base:Total) Under 20 or (Base: Married or divorced =9%) TotaF 18 18-19 older _5~- -~-- -e~- -~- None 49 Single 91 98 92 84 One 38 Married 8 1 8 15 Two 9 Divorced 1 1 - 1 Three 1 Four or more 3 NUMBER OF ROOMS (Base: Total) Total % One 1 Two 3 Three 12 Four 26 Five 21 Six or more 37 NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVE WITH (Base: Total) Age Total Negro White Men Women Under 18 18-19 20 or older -67;-- ~ ~ ~ % Livealone 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 4 One -3 others 26 24 31 26 32 21 27 30 4-6others 43 42 45 44 32 47 44 39 7-9others 22 24 18 21 28 24 21 20 lOormoreothers 7 8 3 7 6 7 6 7 PAGENO="0236" 232 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mother Father Spouse Children Sisters4,rothers Other relatives Friends Other Telephone Television set Radio Record player Books Magazine Art pictures or wall 79 76 83 79 72 53 46 68 54 45 8 8 8 8 17 6 6 4 5 13 72 73 72 73 64 24 28 17 24 21 3 4 3 3 9 6 6 6 6 9 83 80 73 62 52 46 1 8 14 2 4 11 80 72 65 21 25 24 3 3 5 5 5 7 Total Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro % % % % 63 71 62 52 96 98 95 94 93 95 93 92 77 83 75 67 89 89 89 90 84 85 86 75 60 56 65 52 97. WHOM LIVE WITH (Base: Do Not Live Along = 98%) Total Negro White Men Womer Under 15 15-IY 40 or older % ~ % ~ Age ITEMS HAVE IN HOME (Base: Total) PAGENO="0237" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 233 98. APPENDIX A PAGENO="0238" 234 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX Ak Occupation Prior To Job Co~p~_ * Total ~p White Men Women % % % % % Professional ,Technical and Managerial Occupations 4 5 2) 3 11 Architecture and Engineering * * * * - Medidne and Health 2 3 * 2 6 Education 1 1 * - Art 1 1 1 1 5 Clerical and Sales Occupations 4 4 3 4 5 Stenography, Typing, Filing and Related Work 1 * 1 5 Computing and Account Recording * - * * - Material and Production Recording - - - - - information and Message Distribution 1 1 2 1 - Salesrm~ Service * 1 - * - Merchandising - - - - - Miscellaneous Clerical 2 3 1 2 - Business Machines and IBM - - - - - Service Occupations . 53 57 49 54 69 Domestic Services * 1 - - 10 Fooçl and Beverage Preparation and Services 22 25. 16 22 26 lodging and Related Services 2 3 - 2 5 Barbering, Cosmetology and Related Services 1 1 1 1 - Miscellaneous Personal Services 7 7 8 7 21 Apparel and Furnishings Services 6 6 5 6 5 Protective Services - - - - Building and Related Services 11 13 11 12 10 AutoServiceCarWash 6 5 8 6 - Farming, Fishery, Forestry and Related Occupations 2 2 2 2 Plant Farming * 2 1 1 2 - Cutting Trees - - - - Forestry - - - - - landscaping 1 1 1 1 - Others * 1 1 1 - Note: Percentages sometimes add to more than group total because an individual mentioned more than one job within that occupation grouging. *Less than one-half of one percent. PAGENO="0239" - Job Corps Training Current Occupation Total Men Urban Conservation Women Total. ~ White Men Urban Conservation Women % % % % % % % % %.: % % % 7 6 12 2 2 4 1 * 1 1 1 3. 2 2 4 1 1 3 9 9 10 8 25 * * - -, `2 7 8 .9 7 2 1 ** * * 20 * * 1 - 3 3 3 * 4 * * * * * * * * * 1 1 13 13 2 21 2 ri r~r -~ 6 6 1 11 - 4 4 * 7 2 2 1 4 * * * 5 3 4~ 1 2 3 * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 7 7 7 5 9 * 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 `2 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 7 20 1 7 * 6 2 - 2 2 7 38 39 36 38 38 41 5 6 4 4 3 6 13 12 15 13 14 12 1 * - 1 1 1 * * 1 * 1 * 4 4 4 3 3 5 * 1 - 1 1 * * 1 - * * 12 13 1011 9 14 4 4 5. 4 6. 3 1 1 - 1 1 * rr ~r -r 33 20 6 7 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 235 99. 31 ~ 2 i 2 * * * 1 24' 24 3 27 1 12 * 4 - 4 * 1 6 * 2 4 7 2 7 (continued) PAGENO="0240" 236 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A*(c~n `t) Occupation Prior To Job Corps Total Negro Wh~e Men Women % % % % % Processing Occupations Metal and Ore Refinery Work Food and Tobacco Processing Paper and Textile Processing Petroleum Gas and Coal Processing Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetics Rubber and P~nt Wood Products Leather, Stone and Glass Others Machine Trades Occupations Metal Machining Mechanics and Machine Repairman Motorized Vehicle and Engineering Equipment Marine Mechanic Repairman * Engine Power Transmission Business and Commercial Machine Repairman Utilities Service Mechanics and Repairman Printing Occupations Bench Work Occupations Fabrication, Assembly, Repair of Metal Products Assembly and Repair of Electrical Equipment Painting, Decorating and Related Work Bench Carpenters .Others~ 3 3 4 3 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 * 1 1 - 6 5 7 5 5 2 3 1 1 - 3 2 4 3 - 1 - 2 1 - * * * * 5 4 4 7 5 - 1 1 1 1 ~: * * 1 1 - 2. 2 2 2 - 1 1 4 1 - Note: Percentages sometimes add to more than group total. because an individual mentioned more than one job within that occupation grouping. * Less than one-half of one percent. PAGENO="0241" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 237 ~00. Jop Corps Training Total Men Urban Conservation Women % % % % % 31 32 36 1 1. 2 20 21 27 1~ 1~ 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 8 ~ ; ; * 1 1 1 1 1 10 8 13 10 13 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 7 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 : .! ! ! 1 1 1 1 7 2 4 5 7 2 7* 2 - 1 - - Current Occupation Total ~ White Men Urban Conservation Women % % % % % % 3 4 13 1 1 1 1 - 2 7 * 1 1 1 1 6 1 - 1 1 1 - * 1 - * 1 - - 28 8 17 6 14 2 3 - 6 6 5 6 6 3 3 2 3 4 1 - 2 3 2 2 2 1 - 1 ~ 1 1 - 80-084 0 - 67 - 16 PAGENO="0242" 238 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A -(cont.) - Occupation Prior to Job Corps Total !~o Whi'c Men Womer % % % % % StructuraL Work Occupations H ~ ~ H 5 Metal Fabrication * - - Welders, Flame Cutters, Related Work 1 1 1 - Electrical Assembling, Installing and Repairing * * * * - ExecavatTng, Grading, Paving and F~elated Work 2 3 1 2 - Construction 6 6 5 6 5 Structural Work 2 1 3 2 - Others 1 * - * Miscellaneous Occupations 13 J2. i~. i~ ..~ Motor Freight 2 3 * 3 1 Transportation 1 - 1 1 - Packaging and Materials Handling 9 8 11 9 5 GraphicArt * * - * - Logging 1 1 3 1 - Mdtion Picture 1 * 1 1 - Others * - * * - General Laborers Butcher Custodian, MaZntenance - Gas Station Attendant - Don't Know Note: Percentages sometimes add tomore than group total because an individual mentioned more than one job within that occupation grouping. * Less then half of one percent. PAGENO="0243" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 239 101. Job Corps Training Total Men Urban Conservaton Women % % % % % Current Occupation Total ~ White Men Urban Conservation Women % % % % % % % 22 23 21 8 8 11 6 6 8 3 3 * 10 8 4 1 1 1 24 6 10 11 6 - 2 1 5 4 2 1 6 2 1 2 11 - 4* 5 2 - 1 1 9 10 9 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 - 1 2 3 4 4 1 1 1 2~ 2Q 2~2~ 2Q 2~ - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - - 3 2 3 13 3 3 - - 11 12 9 11 13 11 7 2 * - 1 * * - - 8 5. 9 7 49 - 11 13 1 6 5 7 2 - .ai .a 1 * ..t_. *~ * 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 U 2 PAGENO="0244" PAGENO="0245" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 241 Study No. 1704 A STUDY OF JOB CORPS "NO-SHOWS" ACCEPTED APPLICANTS WHO DID NOT GO TO A TRAINING CENTER Conducted for the Job Corps by Lous Harris & Associates February, 1967 PAGENO="0246" 242 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY~ ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 INDEX Page introduction 3 Status at Time of Screening 10 When Screened 11 Status at Time of Signing Up for Job Corps 12 Working 14 Pre-Screening Education 17 Contact With Job Corps 21 How First Heard About Job Corps 22 Why Wanted to Join Job Corps 22 Contact After Screening interview 24 Why Did Not Join Job Corps 33 Contact With Ex-Corpsmen 34 Contact With Screening Agency and Others 37 Repsons for Not Joining Job Corps 39 W~ot Did instead of Job Corps 42 Curren~ Job Status 46 N~mbèr of Jobs Since Screening 47 Asked to leave a Job 49 What Doing Now 50 Kind of Job 52 Number of Hours Working 53 Time on Job--Raises 54 Current Pay Rate 55 Chance for Job Advancement 57 in School Now 58 Unemployed Now 59 interest in Armed Forces 62 Better Off or Worse Off Compared to When Screened 65 interest in Rejoining Job Corps 67 PAGENO="0247" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 243 2. INDEX - con't. Activities and Involvement with Community 70 leisure Activities 71 Religious Attendance 74 Driving 75 Organization Membership 76 Organized Socal Activity 76 Voting 77 Medical Care 77 Savings 78 Contact wUh Social Agency 79 Contact with Police 80 Additional Demographic Information 82 Size of Place 82 Age 82 Ethnic 82. Current Education 83 Marital Status and Number of Children . .. 83 Number of Rooms 84 Number of People 1.ive With 84 Whom live With 84 Items Have in House 85 Appendix -- Detailed Pre-Screening and Current Occupation Breakdown 86 PAGENO="0248" PAGENO="0249" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 245 3. I NTRODUCTION PAGENO="0250" 246 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 4. This report presents the results of a study of no-shows conducted by iouis Harris and* Associates for the Job Corps. A no-show isa screened and accepted applicant who does not appear at a training center. The basic purpose of the study was: 1. To determine why these individuals, after initial screening and acceptance did not join the Job Corps. 2. To compare their pre-screenng status (i.e. working, in school, unemployed) with their current status. 3. To compare the no-shows with the drop outs and the graduates in order to clarify the differences between these three groups. Information on the graduates comes from a study conducted by the Opinion Research Corporation in August 1966 and information on the dropouts from a study conducted by louis Harris and Associates in December 1966 and January 1967. The field work on this study was done during late January and early February 1967. The goal was to complete 500 interviews from a list of 16,016 names supplied by the Job Corps. One hundred forty-five sample areas were selected. PAGENO="0251" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 247 5. The names and addresses of individuals in these areas were clustered and sent to interviewers who then went directly to the addresses supplied. The interviewers were instructed to be as resourceful as possible in finding respondents. If an individual could not be found at the given address, the interviewer was to talk to neighbors, the building superintendant, local merchants, or anyone nearby who might supply leads as to where the respondent might be found. As a result, a number of the interviews were completed at locations other than the original address. No attempt was made, however, to trace an individual who had moved from one city to another or from one county to another so that the effect of relocation on the no-show sample is consequently under-represented. In our sample locations approximately 3100 attempted contacts were made and 517 full interviews were completed. The breakdown of the 3100 contacts follows: RESULT OF ATTEMPTED CONTACTS (Base = 3100) %* completed ;nterviews in military ~servke 2 Cur~ren~tlyriorwasinJóbCorps 14 Not at home 26 Does not live at address 31 No such address 4 PAGENO="0252" 248 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 6. The `currently in or was in Job Corps" represents incorrect or delayed file updating. Our understanding of the procedure is that an accepted applicant is considered a'no-show"'until he is reported as having arrived at a training center-on the center morning report. While there is bound to be some delay in updating of the tape files from these reports, the size of this group indicates that the procedure does notaiways work properly. The following table presents a comparison of our sample with the full list of 16,016 names on certain demographic characteristks. - The information on the full list was obtained from speciaL computer runs: PAGENO="0253" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 249 7. TOTAL LIST COMPARED WITH COMPLETED INTERVIEWS * Total List Total Sample (Base=1 6016) (Base = 517) % % Region -iq~ii~ 16 15 North Central 20 20 South 51 50 West 13 15 Sex Men 92 87 Women 8 13 Age TJ~der 18 23 21 18-19 45 41 20 or older 32 38 Screening date January - June 1965 23 30 July - December 1965 26 25 January - June 1966 39 38 July - December 1966 12 7 * Note; The full list of no-shows included only 16 individuals screened during the fourth quarter of 1966. Compared with the total list, the sample is somewhat weighted toward women, toward earlier screening dates and, consequently, toward older individuals. However, because of the delay in updating the files (changing a no-show to an enrollee) the full list overstates the number of recent no-shows. The sample distribution of screening dates is probably closer to the truth than the full list distribution. This would also be true of the age dstribution. PAGENO="0254" 250 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 8. Through out this report various sub-groups within the total sample (517 interviews) will be analyzed. The definition of and number of individuals in each of these groups follows:* /`~ 1. North (83) - all respondents living in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New f Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont. 2. North Central (102) - all respondents living in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin. 3. South (256) - all respondents living in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Region ,~` Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, ) Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia. - 4. West (76) - all respondents living in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. ( 1. Large metro (168) - all respondents living in metropolitan areas with centralcities of one million or more inhabitants. Size of ) 2. Small metro (281) - all respondents living in metropolitan areas with central cities of less Place `~ than one million inhabitants 3. Non-metro (68) - all respondents living in towns and rural areas not considered t~ metropolitan areas. s J" 1. Men (448) - all male no-shows cx ~ 2. Women (69) -all female no-shows ( 1. Age under ~8 (106 - no-shows under 18 years old Age ..~ 2. Age 18 - 19 (212 - no-shows 18 -19 years old 3. Age 20 or older (197) - no-shows 20 years of age or older R f~i. Negro (313) - c~ll Negro no-shows ace (,2. White (177) - all white no-shows 7' 1. 1st Half-65 (150) - no-shows who had their screening interview during January - June 1965 2. 2nd Half-65 (123) - no-shows who had their screening interviewsduring July -December Screening 1965. - Date .ç 3. 1966 (220) - no-shows who had their screening interview during 1966 / a. 1st half-66 (187) - screening interview during January - June 1966 b. 2nd half-66 (33) - screening intCrview dLiring July-September 1966 (See note at bottom of table on page 9) PAGENO="0255" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 251 9. ( 1. Working now (304) - no-shows who indicote they are currently working. This group includes 33 who are also in school. 2. In school now (66) - no-shows who indicote they are currently in school. This group Current ~ includes 33 who are also working. Status 3. Unemployed now (138)- no-shows who indicate they are currently unemployed. 4. Was unemployed - now working or in school (179) - respondents who were unemployed at the time of the screening interview but are currently working or in school. 5. Was working or in school - now unemployed (39) - respondents who were working or in ~school at the time of the screening interview but are currently unemployed. * Note: Because there were some individuals who did not answer certain questions or gave answers other than those used in our sub-group definitions, these groups do not always add exactly to 517. The findings begin with on analysis of what these individuals were doing at the time they first signed up for the Job Corps. PAGENO="0256" PAGENO="0257" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 253 10. STATUS AT TIME OF SCREENING 80-084 0 - 67 - 17 PAGENO="0258" 254 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 11. When Screened The sample list covered the 21 months from January, 1965 through September 1966. The second and third quortersof 1965 and the second quarter of 1966 produced the highest number of no shows: SCREENING INTERVIEW DATE (Base: Total) 1965 1966 lst. 2nd. 3rd. 4th lst. 2nd. 3rd. 4th g~r g~r ~ g~ g~r s~r ~ % % % % % % % % Total 5 25 20 5 18 20 7 * North 11 17 22 6 18 24 1 1 North Central 3 32 30 4 9 13 9 - South 4 29 14 5 19 21 8 - West 4 15 19 8 22 27 5 - Size of Region: large Metro 7 20 19 7 20 20 6 1 Small Metro 4 30 21 4 14 21 6 - Non-Metro 3 18 15 6 27 19 12 - Sex: Men 5 24 19 6 18 22 6 * Women 6 35 31 1 7 10 10 - Race: Negro 4 20 19 5 20 23 9 - White 7 31 20 7 14 16 4 1 A comparison of no-shows with all accepted applicants on a semi-annual basis reveals the following distribution: PAGENO="0259" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 19 67 255 12. NO-SHOW COMPARED WITH AU. ACCEPTED APPliCANTS Through September 1966 No-Shows All Applicants~ (From Sample) (Estimate) % % lst.half 1965 30) 15) 3rd. quarter 1965 20t55 12t39 4th. quarter 1965 5) 12) 1st. quarter 1966 18') 21) 2nd. quarter 1966 20~45 22 ~61 3rd. quarter 1966 7) 18) Observation: During 1965 there was a higher rate of no-shows compared with all accepted applicants than during the first nine months of 1966. Iater on some of the reasons for the improvement in the no-show rate will be examined. Status at Time of Signing Up for Job Corps At the time they signed up for the Job Corps only thirty percent. of the no-shows were working. Among the dropouts fifty-six percentwere working at the time of joining and among the graduates the comparable figure is forty-five percent: PAGENO="0260" 256 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 13. WHAT DOING WHEN SIGNED FOR JOB CORPS * In School Workiflg Unemployed Other % % % % Total 11 30 58 2 North 16 22 63 - North Central 11 27 64 - South 10 37 51 2 West 9 18_ 71 Size of Region: Large Metro 14 26 62 - Small Metro 10 30 58 2 Non-Metro 8 41 52 3 Sex: Men 12 31 57 2 Women 4 26 69 Under 18 20 21 57 3 18-19 11 30 58 1 20 or older 6 35 59 Race: Negro 10 32 57 2 White 12 25 64 1 1st. half 1965 8 28 63 1 2nd. half 1965 12 35 54 2 1966 11 29 59 ~ Current Status: Working now 11 36 54 1 In school 23 21 53 3 .!.~p~oed 9 20 69 Dropouts 12 56 30 2 Graduates 10 45 40 5 ~ add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. PAGENO="0261" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 257 14. Unemployment was highest in the West (7 out of 10) and lowest in the South. More women than men and more whites than Negroes were unemployed. This is the some'pattern that existed among the dropouts, except that the level of unemployment among the no~shows is much higher. One in five of those under 18 said they were in school. Observation: Based upon the very high rate of unemployment among the no-shows, it would seem that this is the group that most needs the Job Corps. The reasons why they did not join will be presented later in the report. At this point it should just be noted that the pre-Job Corps status of each of the groups (graduates, dropouts, no~shows) is an important indicator of the success of their involvement with the Job Carps. Working Of the thirty percent working before signing up for the Job Corps one-third were in service occupations, mainly food and beverage preparation and service: TYPE OF JOB* (Base: Working Before Signed up'30%) Sex Race Total Men Women Negro WhDe % % % % % Service 34 34 46 37 30 Machine trades 8 8 - 5 12 Structural work 7 8 - 6 7 Professional, technical, managerial 5 4 18 6 2 Clerical 6 3 18 6 5 Farming, flshhig 5 5 - 4 7 Benchwork 3 3 - I 7 Miscellaneous 32 35 18 35 30 * Note: The appendix contains a detailed job classification of pre-screening occupations and current occupations. PAGENO="0262" 258 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 15. The men tended to work significantly longer hours than the women: NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED PER WEEK (Base: Working Before Signed Up =306) S Total Men Women % % Under 17 hours 6 5 11 17-24 hours 6 5 11 25-32 hours 13 10 33 33-40 hours 46 46 45 Over 41 hours 26 30 - Notsure 3 4 - Median hours 36.2 36.9 23.8 For the dropouts the number of hours worked pre-Job Corps was the same as for the no-shows although there was not the sharp difference between men and women. The no-shows who were working before signing up for the Job Corps were earning a median of $1 .17 on hour. This compares with $1 .15 for the dropouts and $1 .18 for the graduates. PAGENO="0263" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 259 16. HOURLY RATE (Base: Working Before Signed Up 30%) Less Than . $1.01- $1.26- $1.51- Over Piece $.75 $.76-$1.OO $1.25 $1.50 $L71 $1.75 Work Median % % % % % % % % Total 10 18 33 26 4 8 1 $1.17 - - - - - - 6 47 35 6 6 - 1.23 North Central 4 4 49 25 7 11 - 1.21 South 14 26 27 22 1 8 2 1.08 West 8 8 16 44 16 8 2 1.35 Size of Region: l~rge Metro 6 2 39 41 - 10 2 1.26 Small Metro 9 27 34 15 8 7 - 1.10 Non-Metro 17 13 22 35 - 9 4 1.20 Sex: 9 18 33 25 4 9 2 1.17 Women 18 12 35 23 6 6 - 1.14 Age: iJ~er 18 11 26 37 20 - 6 - 1.09 18-19 7 9 47 28 - 7 2 1.18 20 or older 11 23 20 25 10 10 1 1.20 Race: TJ~ro 11 19 36 22 3 8 1 1.14 White 8 19 31 29 2 10 1 1.19 Screening: - lsthalfl965 15 21 27 28 2 5 2 1.12 2ndhalf 1965 6 10 38 30 6 10 - 1.22 1966 8 18 34 24 6 8. 2 1.17 The South which employed proportionately more-also paid the lowest median hourly rate. The West, with the fewest employed, had the highest median hourly rate. This same inverse pattern exists by race with Negroes working more and earning less, and with whites working less but earning more.. The hourly rate tends to increase with age. PAGENO="0264" 260 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 17. While the men were not earning much more than the women, the higher number of hours per week they worked means their total income was higher ($43.17 median,~eek for the men compared with $23.17 median/week for the women). Pre-Screening Education The no-show group falls betwen the dropouts and the graduates in median years of schooling at the time of signing up for the Job Corps (8.8 years for the dropouts, 9.4 years for the no-shows and 10.3 years for the graduates): EDUCATION AT TIME OF SCREENING (Base: Total) 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 1 1 th Finished Median Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade I-ugh School Years -ez- ~- ic ~c ~c ~c Total 2 4 14 20 27 18 15 9.4 Region - - - - - - - - F~1I1 - 4 15 17 33 24 7 9.4 North Central 1 1 13 19 35 19 12 9.5 South 3 6 17 23 21 11 19 9.0 West - 1 4 13 33 32 17 10.0 SEe of Region: L~ge Metro 2 2 8 15 35 28 10 9.7 Small Metro 2 4 14 23 25 14 18 9.3 Non-Metro - 7 29 21 15 10 18 8.7 2 5 15 21 28 18 11 9.3 Women - - 9 15 18 18 40 10.4 Kge: TJ~Ier18 3 5 18 31 27 15 1 8.8 18-19 1 4 16 21 29 21 8 9.3 20orolder 2 3 9 13 26 15 32 9.9 Race: Negro 1 2 8 19 28 22 20 9.7 White 2 7 23 26 25 10 7 8.7 PAGENO="0265" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 261 18. It is significant that twice as many no-shows as graduates or dropouts finished high school. Two out of five of the women indicated they had completed high school compared with one in ten among the men. One in five Negroes had graduated compared with less than one in ten of the whites. Appreciation of the school experience was clearly related to the amount of schooling. We asked the no shows whether or not they felt school had been worthwhile: WAS SCHOOL WORTHWHILE (Base: Total) Total Negro White Men Women -~- -~-- ~- -~c- Worthwhile 66 75 54 64 81 Waste of time 26 18 39 28 13 Notsure 8 7 7 8 6 Observation: While the low employment rate would seem to work in favor of the no-show's joining the Job Corps, the relatively large number who completed high school would weaken one of the major incentives for joining the Corps: the desire to increase the amount of education one had. It is important to realize, however, that years of schooling, at least for this group, has not been a measure of job success. The rate of unemployment among high school graduates was as high as among those who had not finished high school. We next asked those who did not finish school why they left: PAGENO="0266" 262 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 19. REASONS FOR LEAVING SCHOOL* (Base: Did not finish high school = 85%) Total Negro White % % % Wanted to/had to work 24. 35 23'). 39 21}30 Help out family by working 13) 16) 9 Didn't like anything about it 23't,~ 20), 31 28)~ 40 Bored, lost interest 11) 11) 12) Got into trouble, kicked out 21) 22') 18") Cutting classes, wrong crowd 8 ~34 7 ~34 9 ~.32 Trouble with other kids, fights 5) 5) 5) Was failing, couldn't do work 20 15 27 Felt I was too old 6 6 10 Gotsick 4 3 6 To join Job Corps 3 4 2 To join military, wasn't accepted 3 2 4 All other 11 8 14 more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. Over one in three of the no-shows gave the need to work as a reason for leaving school. (Fifty percent more no-shows than dropouts volunteered this reason). A general lack of interest and trouble with school authorities or other students were equally important reasons for not finishing high school. When Negroes and whites are compared, three areas show marked differences: whites more than Negroes left school because of failing work or a generally low level of interest. Negroes more than whites left because of o need to work. PAGENO="0267" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 263 20. Observation: An indication of the magnitude of the problem facing the Negro youths in particular is the fact that although more interested in remaining in school (and thus more likely to benefit from the experience) they are forced to leave to work and are then relatively less successful than their white counterparts in finding jobs. Assuming that those most interested in finding a job are those who have graduated high school and thos~~o left school to find work, 59 percent of the Negroes and 37 percent of the whites fall into this category. But only 32 percent of the Negroes and 25 percent of the whites were working at the time they signed up for the Job Corps. In relative terms, then, 68 percent of the white- "most interested" group were working while only 54 percent of the Negro "most interested" group were able to find jobs. The unfortunate fact is not only that there is a large gap between interest in working and the ability to find a job but that even at this low level of achievement, "white interest" finds more success than "Negro interest". PAGENO="0268" PAGENO="0269" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEN~S OF 1967 265 21. CONTACT WITH THE JOB CORPS PAGENO="0270" 266 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 22. How First Heard About Job Cips Over one-third of the no-shows first heard about the Job Corps through a friend: HOW FIRST HEARD ABOUT JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Total Friend 36 TV 23 Employment agency 16 In school 6 Newspaper/magazine ad 6 Social worker 6 Parents 3 Parole officer 3 Other 15 Observation: The fact that less than one in six of the no-shows mentioned the siate em~T~~ment agency (normally the screening agency) indicates that most of these youth probably sought out the Job Corps on their own. They did not just stumble onto the Job Corps in the process of looking for a job. Why Wanted To Join Job Corps The no-shows were next asked what the most important reasons for wanting to join the Job Corps were: PAGENO="0271" 23. C~~j z 0 REASONS FOR JOINING THE JOB CORPS (Base: Total) C Region: Sex: Age: Race: Screening: North Was Unemployed C Total North Central South West Men Women Under 18 18-19 20 or Older Negro White 1st half 1965 2nd half 1965 1966 Now Working Dropouts ~ -~c- -~c ~ -ss,ç- -~-- ~ % % ~ % ~ . % % ~ - ____ Learn a trade 71 71 76 70 66 71 72 63 69 78 70 72 75 70 68 70 73 ~ Get an education 38 34 38 41 36 37 51 30 46 36 36 41 42 36 38 39 49 ~ Out of work 31 35 34 30 30 31 32 30 32 32 31 34 28 28 33 46 18 Out of school - couldnt get job 30 27 30 30 34 29 36 39 26 29 31 29 36 27 27 37 24 H Friend in Job Corps andsaiditwasOK 18 12 13 23 17 19 13 25 21 12 23 12 9 13 28 16 15 Employment agency suggested it 15 19 18 13 12 16 4 15 15 14 11 20 16 14 12 15 15 Z Mother wanted me to 14 12 19 14 8 14 14 17 13 13 16 11 11 14 14 11 19 Wanted to get away fromhome 11 13 8 11 14 11 12 15 10 9 13 8 8 11 12 11 10 z Nothing better to do 11 10 13 10 12 11 13 11 13 9 9 13 9 11 11 13 11 H Father wanted me to 4 2 3 5 1 4 3 3 4 4 3 5 2 6 3 4 8 ~ Parole officer told me to 3 1 3 4 4 4 - 8 4 1 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 ~ Keep out of army 3 - 3 5 - 3 - 5 3 4 2 1 2 5 3 3 ~ Other 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 9 ~ PAGENO="0272" 268 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 24. As with the dropouts, the need to learn a trade is given as the primary reason for wanting to join the Job Corps. Getting an education is the seccnd most important reason cited by both groups but the higher level of education of the no-shows makes this factor somewhat less important for them than for the dropouts. Parental encouragement to join is somewhat higher for the dropouts than for the no-shows. The most significant difference is seen in the work oriented choices - sixty one percent of the no-shows mention "out of work" or "out of school- couldn't get job" compared with forty two percent of the dropouts. Observation: The pre-screening status of the no-shows, their educational level and reaso~ifor leaving school, and their reasons for wanting to join the Job Corps all point to the specific need this group had to find a job. The Job Corps, while providing training and education opportunities, was also seen as a way of substituting for the missing job. Contact After Screening Interview There are bound to be difficulties in attempting to notify these young people of their acceptance into the Job Corps. The screener cannot just pick up the phone and call the applicant's home since over a third do not have telephones. Mail delivery also can be erratic when mailboxes are unlabelled and as happens occasianally, the lacks are broken. Going n person to the home is time consuming and often difficult. But even taking these problems into account, it is imperative that each accepted individual be contacted. The screeners have obviously tried and have been fairly successful: PAGENO="0273" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 269 25. HEARD FROM SCREENING AGENCY AFTER INITIAL CONTACT (Base: Total) Heard -~-- Total 84 ~Ton: 79 North Central 83 South 85 West 84 Size of Region: Large Metro 85 Small Metro 84 Non Metro 76 Sex: Men 82 Women 94 Race: Negro 84 White 81 Screening: 1st half 1965 84. 2nd half 1965 79 1966 85 Regionally, the East had the lowest rate of post-screening contact. More than one in five in the East said they did not hear from the screening agency. Significantly mare women than men were re-contacted. Those screened in the second half of 1965 had the lowest rate of re-contact. For the eighty-four percent who were contacted again, the median time between screening and the second contact was almost one month: 80-084 0 - 67 - is PAGENO="0274" 270 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 HOW LONG AFTER INITIAL INTERVIEW DID YOU HEAR FROM SCREEN1NG AGENCY (Base: Recontacted by Screening Agency84%) 26. 3.9 (weeks) - 3.6 1 4.3 5 3.9 5 3.7 20 36 3 12 38 4 20 15 3 -~ 14 11 7 1 2 3-4 5weéks Morethan week weeks weeks 2 months 2 months Not Sure Median -~-- % % % % % % Total North North Central South W~ct 8 16 27 18 27 14 14 28 13 31 7 18 23 24 27 5 17 28 18 27 10 10 33 19 23 Size of Region: 31 1 4.9 Large Metro 9 13 23 23 5 3.5 Small Metro 8 17 30 16 24 2 3.8 Non-Metro 4 15 33 19 27 Sex~ 8 15 29 20 24 4 5.1 Women 5 19 22 11 41 2 Race: Negro White Screening: 1965 lst. half 1965 7 16 18 2nd. half 1965 8 12 26 Screening: 1966 9 18 35 1st. half 1966 T 16 35 2nd. half 1966 11 28 29 6 17 28 22 23 4 3.9 3.8 10 13 30 13 30 4 5.6 5.3 3.3 2.6 PAGENO="0275" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 271 27. There obviously has been an improvement in the length of time it fakes to process an application -- from a median of 5.6 weeks during the first six months of 1965 to 2.6 weeks during the third quarter of 1966. (These figures should be viewed with caution, for those in the first half of 1965 were screened two years ago, and their recollections are likely to be somewhat vague on this point). Observation: Even taking into account a possible overstatement of the time - lag, the median lag between screening and the second contact has been over 3 weeks. This would seem to be too long, particularly for a group that is so strongly directed not only toward improving its future job prospects but also toward immediately finding a job. There has been improvement however, and the reduction in the time lag between screening and assignment has lead to a reduction in the rate of no-shows compared * with all accepted applicants (See table on page 8). The need for greater processing speed is further emphasized in the next table. Those who were re-contacted were asked if, at the time of the second contact, they were still planning to join the Job Corps. PAGENO="0276" 272 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 28. WERE YOU STILL PLANNING TO JOIN JOB CORPS (Base: Re-contacted by Screening Agency~84%) Yes No Not Sure Total 61 34 5 Region: 63 28 9 North Central 59 40 1 South 65 30 5 West 54 43 3 Size of Region: i~ge Metro 65 31 4 Small Metro 62 34 4 Non-Metro 54 40 6 Sex: Men 60 36 4 Women 72 22 6 Race: 66 30 4 White 55 39 6 S~iening: lst half 1965 54 39 7. 2nd half 1965 62 33 5 Screening: 1~i1~W1966 66 31 3 2nd halF 1966 64 36 - One third of the re-contacted no-shows had lost interest in the Job Corps in the interval between screening and the followup contact. We next asked whether during the second contact, they had been told what center they would be going to. (Fifty-seven percent of all recoptacted individuals were told about a center. The table is shown just for those still interested in joining the Job Corps). PAGENO="0277" No Not Sure % % The North is far below the rest of the country in recall of definite assignment. The ~966 no-shows were more likely to have been told about the center than those screened during 1965. Observation: A third of the re-contacted applicants are last to the Job Corps during the period between the screening interview and the second contact. Of the two thirds remaining four in 10 are kept hanging after the second interview by not being told what center they are to be going to. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 273 29. WERE YOU TOLD WHAT CENTER YOU WOULD BE GOING TO (Base: Recontacted by Screening Agency and Still Interested In Joining = 51% of total) Yes _______ Total 59 Region: 47 North Central 62 South 60 West 62 S1~~1 Region: Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro 39 53 34 37 38 2 6 3 58 60 52 41 37 44 1 3 4 Sex: Men 58 39 3 Women 59 39 2 Race: F1~ro 60 38 2 White 55 42 3 Screening: 1st half 1965 51 47 2 2nd half 1965 50 47 3 Screening: lst half 1966 64 33 3 2nd half 1966 76 24 PAGENO="0278" 274 ECONOMIC OppORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 30. One in five of those still interested in joining the Job Corps at the time of re-contact who were told what center they were going to were not told when they would be leaving. WERE YOU TOLD WHEN YOU WOULD BE LEAVING (Base: Re-contacted still interested and told what center would be going to = 31% of total) Yes No Not Sure % Total 80 15 5 73 27 - North Central 83 15 2 South 80 14 6 West 82 13 5 Size of Region: Large Metro 86 14 - Small metro 77 16 7 Non-Metro 80 16 4 Sex: 77 17 6 Women 90 10 Race: Fro 84 12 4 White 73 20 7 Screening: T~T1~TH965 75 20 5 2nd half 1965 76 16 8 1966 85 .13 2 lsihalf 1966 86 1 2ndhalf 1966 79 14 7 PAGENO="0279" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 275 31. Turning for a minute to the sixteen percent who were not recontacted, over halF (55%) of this group attempted to get in touch with the screening agency. They made the attempt a median o~ 3.7 weeks after their initial contact. This is less than the median length of time the screeners normally took. Perhaps, if they had waited, at least some of the no-shows would have been reached by the agency. Most of them made their contact too early: WHAT TOLD WHEN CONTACTED SCREENING AGENCY (Base: Not reached by agency but then attempted to contact agency = 9% of total) % Didnt yet know what center I would be going to 71 Told me about center I would go to 7 Couldn't get in touch with them 5 Not sure 17 Observation: The no-shows were dangled at successive levels by the Job Corps: Sixteen percent did not hear from the screener after the initial interview. Among the remaining eighty-four percent, fully one third were not interested in joining by the time the second contact occured. Of the remaining Fifty-one percent, Four in ten were not told what center they would be going to. Of the remaining thirty-one percent,one in five were not told when they would be departing for the center. The remaining twenty-five percent decided not to go during the period between assignment and departure. PAGENO="0280" 276 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 32. in handling thousands of applications from all over the country while trying to balance center needs, travel distance, and other requirements there are bound to be processing delays. In the next sectionwe will examine the effect of the processing time lag as well as other factors on the no-show's decision not to join the Job Corps. PAGENO="0281" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 277 .33. WHY DID NOT JOIN JOB CORPS PAGENO="0282" 278 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 34. In this section are presented the major reasons these young people decided not to go to a training center, after having applied to and then having been accepted by the Job Corps. First a look at possible adverse impressions received through contacts with ex-Corpsmen: Contôct with Ex-Corpsmen Two out of three no-shows know someone who is now, or was in the Job Corps. KNOW SOMEONE IN JOB CORPS (Base Total) % Total 66 Men 67 Women 58 Negro 74 White 55 1st halF 1965 51 2ndhalf 1965 63 1966 75 As would be expected, the more recent applicants are more likely to know someone who is in the Job Corps. The majority of these Corpsmen felt their experience was worthwhile. PAGENO="0283" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 279 35. DID CORPSMEN FEEL JOB CORPS WORTHWHILE (Base: Know someone who was in or is now in Job Corps 67%) Totol Men Women Negro White % % % % % Worthwhile 59 58 65 65 46 All right 18 19 10 17 20 Waste of time 13 13 10 8 25 Not sure 10 10 15 10 9 Negroes received a more favorable account of the Job Corps than whites, and women a more favorable account than men. Among those who know a Corpsman (or ex-Corpsman) almost one in five said this person tol them something that helped them decide not to go into the Job Corps: PAGENO="0284" 280 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 36. CORPSMEN SAID SOMETHING THAT HELPED NO-SHOW DECIDE NOT TO JOIN (Base: Know a Corpsman = 66%) Told Didn't Something Tell Not sure % % % Total 17 81 2 Men 18 79 ~ Women 13 87 - Negro 13 84 3 White 25 74 1 1st half 1965 18 82 - 2ndhalf 1965 13 84 3 1966 20 76 4 Whites were more discouraged by their friends than Negroes. More recent applicants received negative comments than did the earlier applicants. What the no-shows were told parallels almost exactly the reasons given by the dropouts for leaving the Job Corps: PAGENO="0285" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 281 37. WHAT JOB CORPSMEN SAID (Base: Know Job Corpsmen who helped no-show decide not to join = 11% of total) Total Negro White % % % Didn't teach trade 40 45 33 Center rough, fights 38 27 52 Too strict 31 36 29 Not enough freedom 16 27 5 Racial problems 15 5 24 - Not enough pay 9 18 - Other 12 9 15 Observation: Poor job training, too many fights and too much discipline were major complaints of the dropouts. The split between Negroes and whites also follows the pattern of the dropouts The no-shows obviously have been somewhat exposed to the negative experiences of the Job Corps dropouts. At present however, the total effect is small (one in ten of the total group). Contact with Screening Agency and Others How much encouragement the screeners gave cannot be precisely determined, but clearly they did little to discourage any of the no-shows. Only five percent of the no-shows said the screeners told them something that helped them decide not to join. The major complaint of this small group was that the screeners were hurried and were not sure of their information. PAGENO="0286" 282 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 .38. They were next asked if there were anyone else who had helped them decide not to join the Job Corps and what this person said: SOMEONE ELSE SAID SOMETHING THAT HELPED NO-SHOW DECIDE NOT TO JOIN WHATDIDTHEYSAY* WHO HELPED DECIDE (Base: Someone = 16%) NOT TO JOIN (Base: Total) Total %~ % Friend 9 Too many fights 38 Parents 3 Don't train you 28 Other relative 1 Parents against it 19 Other 3 Too far away 12 No one 84 Too strict 12 Lowpay 6 Don't get your money 6 Only for Negroes 6 Other 15 * Figures add up to more tI~an lOO~3~o as some respondents gave more than one answer. Friends stand out as the only significant group discouraging the no-shows. The complaints. cited are much the same as in the table of ex-Corpsmen complaints. PAGENO="0287" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 283 39. Observation: As more and more individuals graduate or dropout of the Job Corps, the Corps reputation for past successes and failures will become a major factor in recruiting .iew enrollees. *The importance of improving learning opportunities and the environment in the center is clear not only to gain the support of the public but also of ex-Corpsmen, for their influence on their peer group is potentially great. Reasons For Not Joining Job Corps In order to better determine the reasons for not joining the Job Corps each respondent was given a list of possible reasons and asked to choose those that had been most important to him: PAGENO="0288" 284 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 REASONS FOR NOT (Base: Region Size of Place Sex North Large Small Non- Total North Central South West Metro Metro Metro Men Women ~r ~c ~c ~c ~Z -~c ~c % Offered a job 39 41 42 37 36 36 38 50 43 15 Just last interest 28 33 22 27 32 27 27 32 29 19 Neededat home 14 17 13 16 6 14 12 21 14 12 Didn't want to go so far from home 14 9 19 13 13 16 13 12 13 13 Heard bad things 12 8 11 14 13 8 12 23 12 13 To get more schooling 9 5 6 12 10 7 9 15 10 4 Got into another training program 8 5 7 9 10 8 9 3 7 15 Got married 8 7 9 9 7 8 8 ~1 8 13 Wonted to try it on my awn 7 1' `0 6 4 8 5 15 8 4 Job Corps never assigned me to center 7 12 4 8 3 9 6 8 8 3 Ddnt hear from them 6 9 6 6 3 5 6 8 7 1 Took too long to hear from them 4 3 2 3 9 3 5 - 3 9 Trouble with police 4 1 2 5 10 7 4 - 5 - Military (draft or enlist) 3 1 2 4 5 2 4 5 4 - Was sick when they called 3 3 2 4 - 2 4 - 3 3 Didn't give enough time to getready 3 5 3 2 1 3 3 - 3 3 Pregnant 3 4 6 2 1 2 4 2 - 21 Other 11 11 12 10 23 15 13 4 11 13 PAGENO="0289" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 285 40. JOINING JOB CORPS Total) Age Race Screening Current Status Under 20 or 1st half 2nd half Working In School 18 18-19 Older Negro White 1965 1965 1966 Now Now Unemployed -s,ç-- 3,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % ~ % % 29 37 46 34 45 41 38 35 48 23 27 31 30 24 25 34 28 27 25 28 30 28 11 13 17 15 14 16 13 15 16 11 13 12 15 13 13 15 14 12 15 14 14 14 16 12 10 9 18 14 9 13 11 13 9 15 9 7 11 6 6 6 13 9 33 7 4 8 10 8 6 11 10 5 7 16 6 3 6 13 7 10 10 12 6 9 10 5 5 10 5 6 10 7 8 7 6 8 7 7 9 5 7 8 5 11 7 9 7 5 8 5 6 6 5 6 7 6 6 5 8 3 3 4 3 5 5 5 2 5 2 2 5 5 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 7 3 5 2 2 5 5 2 3 4 5 3 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 3 2 - 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 3 5 4 3 3 4 2 1 6 *2 2 3 3 14 9 13 14 10 11 13 13 12 9 17 80-084 0 - 67 - 19 PAGENO="0290" 286 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 41. The most important reason given for not joining is that the no-show was offered a job. Significantly more men than women mention this as a reason. Over one quarter of the no-shows said they "just lost interest'. Observation: The two reasons mentioned most often are at least partly relatedto the time lag between screening and re-contact. Loss of interest also implies that `sufficient enthusiasm was not aroused initially~ About one in seven said they did not want to go so far from home. Relatively, this percentage s somewhat larger, for less than sixty percent of the group were told about the center they would have gone to. Based on this group, twenty-four percent did not wont to go so far from home. Observation: The one in four of the no-shows who did not want to go so far from home is sim~lar to the twenty-one percent of the dropouts who gave being homesick as a reason for leaving the center. While there are obviously many factors that must be taken into account, the placing of these youth in centers near their home (if possible) would probably have same influence on reducing both the no-show rate and the dropout.rate. Just over one in ten said that they had heard derogatory things about the Job Corps. Twice as many whites as Negroes and three times as many in rural areas as in large metropolitan areas mentioned this as a reason. One in five of the women indicated they did not go into the Job Corps because they because they became pregnant. Thirteen percent of the women said they were gettng married. PAGENO="0291" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 287 42. Seventeen percent cited reasons that are directly attributable to processing problems : never being assigned to a center, never hearing from Job Corps, taking too long to hear from them. This was apparently more of a problem during the second half of 1965 where twenty-three percent gave one of these reasons. Observation: For the no-show group, the Job Corps was primarily a way to solve a problem they saw in quite definite terms: they were unemployed and needed something to do. The Job Corps would fill the gap. The possible long term benefit was probably not clear to them and certainly not important to them. With the lag in processing the!r applications, their attentions turned to something else. What Did Instead of Job Corps To determine the alternatives these youth chose over the Job Corps they were asked what they did instead of joining: PAGENO="0292" 288 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 WHAT DID INSTEAD OF JOINING JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 43. Other In Training School Working Military Program Unemployed Other -a?;-- % ~ LL ??. I I 6 83 6 76 14 68 18 67 - 5 2 8 3 10 14 11 10 - 14 3 10 3 __-~- 11 72 3 .11 13 2 3 12 70 3 9 14 80 - 5 - * Total North Central South West Si~~T Kegion: E~~e Metro Small Metro Non-Metro Sex Men Women Under 18 18-19 20 or older Race Negro White Screening: i~. half 1965 2nd half 1965 1966 Current Status Working now In school Unemployed 13 74 3 8 9 26 3 7 58 - 14 -- 20 12 7 65 68 80 1 5 1 6 10 10 12 10 11 4 3 1 13 71 2 9 11 11 3 2 9 74 4 9 9 9 15 74 72 72 4 2 2 11 10 9 7 17 9 3 2 2 8 81 3 7 7 3 2 2 44 45 - 22 19 5 11 65 2 8 PAGENO="0293" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 289 44. Almost three out of four no-shows took a job instead of going into the Job Corps. Only one in ten was unemployed. There is a sharp difference between the men and the women with the men working more and going to school more. Even so, the unemployment rate for the women dropped from sixty-nine percent before signing to twenty-six percent after signing. Observation: It is clear that for the no-shows, the need for the Job Corps was displaced by their ability to get a job and that the time lag between screening and recontact (in some cases, the failure to make the second contact) was a significant factor in their taking the offered job. It is unlikely that the screening experience and the wait foracceptance was any different for the graduates or the dropouts. The demographic characteristics of each of the groups is generally the same. What most distinguishes the no-shows at the point of initial contact with the Job Corps is their work status. Their employment rate is much lower than either the dropouts or the graduates. Starting with this basic difference in employment status, a process of natural selection takes place: The no-shows have the greatest immediate need. They apply to the Job Corps but cannot wait the length of the application procedure and so they find a job. Satisfied with this job or not convinced (now that their immediate requirements are met) that they will benefit from the Job Corps experience, they reject the Job Corps. The dropouts and graduates start from a higher level of employment. They see the Job Corps as a way to ithprove their employment possibilities and do not mind waiting for acceptance. * But in the centers the dropouts do not find the training they want and instead find a hostile,unfriendly environment. Since they were employed before joining, they feel they can easily find work again. Since their motivation to stay is weak, and they don't feel their job prospects too dismal, they leave. PAGENO="0294" 290 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 45. The graduates with a higher median education, are probably more aware of their economic limitations than the other groups and do not want to go back to their pre~ Job Corps situation. They put up with the problems in the center, finish their course and go on to the highest level of employment and pay rate of the three groups. While the foregoing may somewhat over-simplify a complicated process, it is presented only to clarify the following point: in terms of group behavior, pre- Job Corps employment status is a key factor in understanding the no-show problem and provides a useful distinction between the no-shows and the graduates and dropouts. PAGENO="0295" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 291 46. CURRENT JOB STATUS PAGENO="0296" 292 ECONOMIC OpPORTuNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 .47. Number of Jobs Since Screening The median length of time since the no-shows were screened is 16 months. In the period since their initial screening only seven percent have not worked at all: PAGENO="0297" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 293 48. NUMBER OF JOBS SINCE FIRST CONTACT WITH JOB CORPS (Base: Total) More than None One Two Three Four Four % % % % % % Total 7 34 27 17 6 9 Sex Men 6 32 29 17 6 10 Women 10 51 18 14 3 4 Age Under 18 11 42 24 11 5 7 18-19 7 36 26 18 4 9 20 or older 4 28 31 19 8 10 Race Negro 8 38 25 19. 4 6 White 5 28 28 15 10 14 Screening 1st. ha1f1965 5 26 32 16 9 12 2nd. half 1965 3 27 31 22 3 14 1966 10 41 23 15 5 6 Current Status Working now 2 36 33 17 6 8 In school 24 39 13 14 2 8 Unemployed 9 31 20 20 7 13 More than half of the no-shows have had more than orw job. Negroes have tended to switch jobs less often than whites and women less often than men. Only nine percent of the currently unemployed have not had any job at all. PAGENO="0298" 294 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 49. Asked to leave Job Of the ninety-three percent who have worked since screening one in five were asked to leave a job: WERE YOU ASKED TO hAVE ANY JOB (Base: Total Employed) Yes I2!~ Sex: Men 23 Women hO Under 18 17~ 18-19 23 20 or older 21 Race: Negro 22 White 20 Scree~~ lst. half 1965 20 2nd. half 1965 23 1966 22 Current Status: Working 15 ln School 21 Unemployed 39 PAGENO="0299" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 295 50. Twice as many men as women were asked to leave a lob. Almost four in ten of the currently unemployed were fired or laid off. Observation: While these young people were able to get lobs that eliminated the immediate need for the Job Corps, they have not been very stable in their employment. One-third of all the no-shows have had three or more lobs sincebeing screened. What Doing Now The current level of employment of the no-shows indicates a twelve percentage point drop from their immediate post-screening status: PAGENO="0300" 296 ECONOMIC OppORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Total North North Central South West Size of Region: Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro Sex: Men Women WHAT DO1NG NOW* (Base: Total) 51.* Work Now Other Work Pre-screen1~g % % *Figures add to more than 100% because seven percent were both working and in school. **Seventeen percent keeping house. Doing Now - In School Working Unemployed - ___% ~ % 14 60 27 6 +30 11 71 22 3 +46 8 50 35 8 +27 12 62 26 6 +25 26 56 _______ 26 ________ 8 ________ +34 13 63 27 5 7 +34 13 56 30 +27 13 68 17 8 +30 14 10 63 40 27 29 3 . 24** +32 +16 &i Under 18 19 54 29 8 +32 18-19 15 55 31 5 +28 20 or older 9 69 22 6 +31 Race: i~ro 15 61 28 4 +30 +32 White 10 59 26 11 ~enin: 1st. half 1965 10 68 24 6 +34 2nd. halF 1965 12 59 23 10 1966 17 56 31 4 +28 Graduates Dropouts 9 10 74 56 20 33 3 5 PAGENO="0301" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 297 52. In spite of the drop from their post-screening status there has still been an impressive thirty-percent gain from their pre-screening employment level. The largest gain has been in the North. Women have shown the smallest gain but one in six indicate they are now keeping house. For the most part the improvement in job situation is uniform across groups. The no-shows' current status is very similar to the current status of the dropouts but their employment rate lags behind that of the graduates by fourteen points. Observation: One should not conclude from the above data that those who never go into the Job Corps can do as well as those who are in for a short time and then drop out. The sample of no-shows is distinguished by the fact that they did~not join mainly because they were able to get jobs. Their experience is not necessarily representative of the group that has not come into contact with the Job Corps at all. In this regard comparisons of no-shows with the graduates and dropouts are difficult because of the different lengths of flme since their Job Corps experience (or contact): sixteen months for the no-shows, five and one- tenth months for the dropouts and three and three-tenths months for the graduates. Kind of Job There is little shift in the type of jobs the no-shows now have compared with their pre screening occupation: PAGENO="0302" 298 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 .53. TYPE OF JOB NOW HAVE (Base: Now Working 60~'o) Age Screening Sex. Under 20 Race lst.half2nd.half Total Men Women ~ ~-i9 o~der Negro Wh~e~65 1965 ~66 % % % % % % % % % % % Professional, technical managerial 6 4 15 4 6 6 7 5 3 7 7 Clerical and sales 6 5 19 - 6 8 7 4 8 3 5 Service 34 33. 44 50 34 26 34 33 30 27 39 Farming, fishing, forestry 2 3 - 6 2 2 3 1 - 1 4 Processing 4 3 7 5 5 4 2 6 1 3 Machine trades 11 12 4 6 13 12 10 13 14 13 8 Benchwork 5 6 4 5 7 5 5 7 6 4 Structural work 5 5 7 2 2 10 6 5 8 10 2 Miscellaneous 27 29 4 30 27 25 24 32 22 32 27 Forty-seven percent of those now working said they needed no training for the job they now have, forly-Five percent received the necessary training while working and only eighty percent received the required job training in school or a particular training program. Number of Hours Working Women have increased the number of hours worked substantially. There has been a very slight decrease for the men: PAGENO="0303" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 299 .54. NUMBERS OF HOURS WORKED (Base: Now Working) Total Men Women % % % Under 17 7 7 11 17-24 3 3 7 25-32 9 8 15 33-40 56 55 59 41 or more 25 27 7 Median 36.5 36.7 34.3 Change from pre- screening +.3 .2 +10.5 Time on Job--Raises The median time on the current job is four and three tenths months. Almost half indicated they have received a raise: - PAGENO="0304" 300 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 55 1ENGTH OF TIME ON CURRENT JOB RECEIVED ANY RAISES ON CURRENT JOB (Base: Now Workng'60%) (Base: Now Working-6O~'o) Total Total -~-- tess than one month 16 None 52 1-3 months 24 One 28 4-6 months 25 Two 12 79 months 13 Three 4 10-15 months 13 More than three 4 l6ormore 8 Median months 4.3 Current Pay Rate Overall, the no-shows are making $.25 more an hour than they were at the time they signed up for the Job Corps: PAGENO="0305" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 301 56 CURRENT PAY RATE (Base: Now Working 60%) Less than $1.01 $1.26 $1.51 $1.76 $2.01 Over Net $1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 $2.25 Median Difference % % % % % % % % % Total 9 25 24 13 10 7 12 $1.42 $4.25 North 2 7 32 23 16 10 10 1.60 4.37 North Central 2 17 12 14 16 10 29 1.83 4.62 South 13 36 26 12 7 3 3 1.37 4.29 West 15 17 17 2 10 10 29 1.67 4.32 Size of Place: Large Metro 4 11 26 19 13 8 19 1 .67 4.41 Small Metro 10 29 23 12 10 7 9 1.37 4.27 Non-Metro 19 40 23 5 2 2 9 1.19 -.01 Sex: Men 7 25 24 13 11 7 13 1.44 4.27 Women 31 19 15 12 8 8 7 1.25 4.11 Race: Negro 9 26 26 13 9 6 II 1.39 4.25 _White 7 24 19 14 11 9 16 1.50 4.31 Under 18 15 38 24 9 9 - 5 1.23 4.14 18-19 6 22 28 16 12 4 12 1.45 4.27 20orolder 10 21 21 12 10 11 15 1.48 #.28 Screening: lst.halfl965 10 21 17 13 14 11 14 1.54 4.42 2nd. half 1965 8 11 30 12 10 7 22 1.52 4.30 1966 9 36 22 13 8 5 7 1.31 4.14 80-084 0 - 67 - 20 PAGENO="0306" 302 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 57 The largest increase comes in the North Central region. Those working in non- metropolitan areas have shown a decrease in hourly rate. Observation: The graduates increased their hourly rate (pre-Job Corps to post Job Corps) by $.47, the dropouts $.20 and the no-shows $.25. Relatively the no-shows have had the smallest improvement for they have been on the job market (at the time they were interviewed) three times as long as the dropouts and five times as long as the graduates. Their pay rate, however, does notreflect this seniority. The advantage gained from the Job Corps experience even by the dropouts may be seen by comparing the hourly rate increase of the no-shows screened during ~966 with the increase for the dropouts since both gr~oups have been available for work approximately the same length of time. The 1966 no-shows increased their poy by S. 14 an hour, the dropouts by 5.20 on hour. . Chance for Jab Advancement The number of no-shows who are working has shown a sharp increase. Their median hourly rate has not. But almost six in ten still feel they have a pretty good chance for advancement on their present job. PAGENO="0307" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 303 58 CHANCE FOR ADVANCEMENT (Base: Now Working'60%) Screening Sex Race lst.half 2nd.half Total Men Women ~ White 1965 1965 1966 Dropouts % % % % % % % % % Pretty good chance 57 59 43 53 66 65 53 51 55 Sort of dead-end 34 32 50 36 28 30 38 36 37 Not sure 9 9 7 11 6 5 9 13 8 Men more than women and whites more than Negroes are optimistic about their chances for advancement. The recent applicants feel less sure of their chances than those who were screened in 1965; In School Now Of the fourteen percent who are now in school, six in ten are in high school: TYPE OF SCHOOLt (Base: Now In Schooll4%) Age Under 2Oor Total 18 18-19 older % % % % High school 59 89 62 19 Trade school 33 11 35 56 College 8 - 4 25 Vocational training program 2 - - 6 *Figures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. PAGENO="0308" 304 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 59 The younger no-shows are more likely to be in high school, the older ones in some type of trade school or vocational program. One quarter of those in school who are 20 or oldersaytheyare in college. (This is less than one percent of the total group of no-shows.) More than half expect to finish school within one year: HOW IONG TO FINISH SCHOOl. * : (Base: In School Now14%) Total less than one year 30 One year 25 Two years 27 Three years 10 More than three years 3 Notsure 5 Among those in school there is a strong sense of its real value: ninety-five percent say school is now worthwhile. Of this some group only fifty-nine percent felt that school was worthwhile at the time they signed up for the Job Corps. Unemployed Now The currently unemployed (27% of the no-shows) have been out of work (or out of school and not workng) a median of two and four-tenths months: PAGENO="0309" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 305 60 HOW LONG UNEMPLOYED (Base: Now Unemployed=27%) Less than 1-3 4-6 7-12 Over 12 Not 1 month months months months months Sure Median % % % % % __%__ % Total 31 39 17 7 3 3 2.4 Sex: Men 33 38 18 4 3 4 2.2 Women 19 31 13 31 6 - 3.0 Under 18 44 30 13 3 10 - 2.6 18-19 30 39 20 9 - 2 2.5 20 or older 24 41 16 8 3 8 2.3 Race: Negro 24 40 21 11 1 3 2.9 White 45 31 10 2 7 5 1.3 Screening: 1.sthalf 1965 25 47 13 9 - 6 2.4 2nd. half 1965 38 15 27 8 12 - 3.4 1966 33 40 16 5 2 4 2.1 The Negro unemployed have had more dfficulty than the white unemployed. They have been out of work more than twice as long as the whites. The women have been unemployed longer than the men. By age, there is little difference in the length of time unemployed. While most of the unemployed are looking for a job, one in seven is trying to rejoin the Job Corps. PAGENO="0310" 306 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 196 7~ 61 WHAT TRYING TO DO* (Base: Now Unemployed'27%) Age Screening Sex Under 20 or Race lst.half 2nd.half Total Men Women ~ 18-19 O~er ~ WMte ~65 1965 ~66 % % % % % % % % % % % Trying to get into school 8 8 5 23 2 7 10 4 11 3 8 Trying to get into military 5 6 - 10 5 2 - 13 - 3 6 Trying to join Job Corps 14 13 20 27 13 7 16 9 3 10 20 Trying to get a job 64 69 40 40 67 77 63 67 76 66 60 Other 9 6 25 13 11 2 9 9 14 10 6 Nothing 6 5 10 - 6 9 7 4 5 7 6 *Figures add to more than 100 percent as some respondents gave more than one answer. Those screened in 1966 are more likely to be trying to rejoin the Job Corps than are the earlier no-shows'. :This~was the same pattern-that existed among the dropouts where approximately the same number (16%) were trying to rejoin the Job Corps and those who had been out the shortest time were most anxious to rejoin. Observation: Re-recruitment of both the no-shows and the dropouts might well lead to the entry into the Job Corps of twenty percent or more of each of these groups. We believe it would be worthwhile to set up a procedure to recontact these individuals. - It is imperative, however, that this-be done soon after the termination of their involvement with the Job Corps, perhaps within three months. Interest in rejoining tends to fade sharply after six months have passed. PAGENO="0311" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 307 62 J.st about half of the unemployed feel they have a good chance of doing what they want to do: CHANCES OF DOING WHAT YOU WANT TO DO (Base: Now Unemployed27%) Trying To Get Into Total School Military Job .JobCorp~ % % % % % Good chance 51 82 57 45 44 Not so good 32 - 14 42 17 Not sure 17 18 29 13 39 Those hying to get into school are most optimistic about their chances. Those hying to get into the Job Corps or find work are least optimistic. Observation: The no-shows trying to rejoin the Job Corps are less confident of their chances than are the dropouts who are trying to rejoin (44% compared with 59%). The no-shows probably feel they have missed their chance and would nowbe rejected. Interest in Armed Forces One quarter of the no-shows have tried to enter the Armed Forces since deciding not to join the Job Corps. (This is the same percentage as For dropouts who tried to join after leaving the Job Corps.) PAGENO="0312" 308 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 63 TRIED TO ENTER ARMED FORCES SINCE SCREENING (Base: Total) Tried %~ North 38 North Central 30 South 22 West 24 Size of Region: Iarge Metro 24 Small Metro 27 Non-Metro 29 Sex: Men 29 Women 2 Under 18 13 18-19 30 2Oor older 30 Race: Negro 20 37 Screenin~ lst.half 1965 28 2nd. half 1965 27 1966 24 Current Status: Working 24 In school 24 Unemployed 30 PAGENO="0313" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 309 64 Whites have shown significantly more interest in joining the military than Negroes and those in the North more than the other regions. Compared with the dropouts, fewer no-shows hove passed both the physical and the mental tests. PASSED PHYSICAL AND MENTAL TESTS (Base: Inferested in Joinng Armed Forces~26%) Total % No-shows 22 Negro 20 White 26 Dropouts 26 Negro 32 White 20 Among the dropouts, Negroesdid better on the tests .than the whites. The reverse s true among the no-shows The no-shows and the dropouts have basically the same current draft status. PAGENO="0314" 310 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 65 CURRENT DRAFT STATUS (Base: Men) No-shows Dropouts % % 1A 20 23 lv 33 27 4F 14 14 Other 9 7 None 17 24 Don't know what it is 7 5 The no-shows are older and therefore more of them have a draft classification. Better Off or Worse Off Compared to When Screened We next asked each of the noshows: "Do you think you are better off, worse off or about the same now as you were at the lime you first signed up for the Job Corps?" PAGENO="0315" ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 311 66 BETTER OFF OR WORSE OFF THAN WHEN SIGNED FOR JOB CORPS (Base: Totól) Better off Worse off Not sure % Total ~ 8 39 2 Re&on: North 58 6 35 1 North Central 55 10 31 4 South 45 9 44 2 West 58 5 37 - SIze of Region: large Metro 52 8 38 2 Small Metro 49 8 41 2 Non-Metro 59 9 31 1 Sex: Men 52 7 39 2 Women 45 13 39 3 Age: Under 18 52 2 45 1 18-19 47 8 42 3 20 or older 56 11 32 1 Race: Negro 44 11 43 2 White 63 4 31 2 Screening: lst. half 1965 57 8 32 3 2nd. half 1965 61 8 28 3 1966 41 8 50 1 Current Status: Working 65 4 29 2 In school 69 2 29 - Unemployed 24 17 58 1 Unemployed-Working 70 3 26 1 Working-Unemployed 31 18 48 3 Dropouts 50 18 29 3 PAGENO="0316" 312 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 67 The improvement in the job situation has made half of the no-shows feel they are better off than when they signed up for the Job Corps. The unemployed, Negroes, and those screened during 1966 feel that they have made the least progress. Observation: A comparison of the no-shows with the dropouts shows an equal number who feel they are now better off. (The dropouts were asked to compare their current situation with their pre-Job Corps rt'ation.) However eighteen percent of the dropouts feel they are worse off compared with only eight percent of the no-shows. This difference may be explained by the fact that while the no-shows were starting from a level of low employment and had nowhere to go but up, the dropouts started from a level of high employment and an increase in this level was not achieved, in oddtion the dropouts felt hurt by the failure of their Job Corps experience. interest in Rejoining Job Corps Over one-third of the no-shows said they would still like to join the Job Corps: PAGENO="0317" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 313 INTEREST IN REJOINING JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 68 Uke To -i- Not like To % Not Sure % Tc~al 35 L4 Region: North 23 60 17 North Central 29 56 15 South 43 43 14 West 28 63 9 Size of Region: large Metro 30 55 15 Small Metro 38 49 13 Non-Metro 37 50 13 Sex: Men 34 52 14 Women 41 47 12 .Age: Under 18 37 48 15 18-19 35 49 16 20 or older 34 55 11 Race: Negro 39 46 15 White 30 57 13 Screening: 1st. half 1965 32 55 13 2nd. half 1965 34 58 8 lst. half 1966 2nd. half 1966 35138* ~) 47) 44* ~[ 18* j~) Current Status: Working 28 58 14 ln school 32 62 6 Unemoloved 52 36 12 Unemployed-Working 27 63 10 Working-Unemployed 62 28 10 Dropouts 56 35 9 *Total for 1966 PAGENO="0318" 314 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 69. Those who were working at the time they signed up but are now unemployed (8% of the total) expressed the most interest in rejoining the Job Corps. They are followed by those screened during the third quarter of 1966, the most recent group of no-shows. Those in the North and those who are working express least interest in rejoining. More than half of the dropouts said that they were interested in rejoining the Job Corps. it is significant that among the dropouts the difference in interest between those working and those unemployed was not nearly as great as it is between the working and the unemployed among the no-shows: INTEREST IN REJOINING No-shows Drppouts % Working 28 54 Unemployed 52 59 Observation: Both the dropouts and the no-shows clearly need some kind of job training. The dropouts show greater interest in rejoining the Job Corps because they are more aware of how it can help them. This is true of dropouts now working as well as those unemployed. Contact with the Job Corps has shown many of them the potential it offers for improving their opportunities and choices. Just the fact of working has been enough of an improvement for the no-shows. If they are to be convinced of the value of the Job Corps, they must be made more aware of their long term needs and how the Job Corps can prepare them to satisfy these needs. PAGENO="0319" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 315 70. ACTIVITIES AND INVOLVEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY PAGENO="0320" 316 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 71. As with the dropouts a series of questions was osked to determine the leisure habits of these youth and to what extent they were involved with the community. leisure Activities The following table gives the percentage of the no-shows who said they often (on a regular basis) participate in each of a roster of various activities. The percentages for the dropouts are included for comparison: PAGENO="0321" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 317 72. ACTIVITIES DO OFTEN (Base: Total) Age Sex Under 20 or Race Total Men Women ~ ~9 Okter Negro W~te Dropouts % % % % % % % % % Music: listen to: jazz 32 34 25 31 34 32 36 28 39 Rock `n' roIl 57 57 59 71 59 49 60 54 67 Folk music 8 8 7 11 7 7 3 17 11 Classical or semi- classical 7 7 6 4 8 7 7 7 8 Country and western 11 11 7 10 10 11 2 27 15 Ploy musical instrument 9 10 4 9 9 9 6 15 11 Amusements: Go to: movies 22 22 20 25 21 21 21 23 30 plays 3 3 6 3 4 3 4 3 4 concerts 3 3 4 1 3 5 5 1 6 Museums or art galleries 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 Night clubs 10 10 7 3 8 16 12 6 16 Gamble 4 5 1 6 6 2 4 6 7 Watch TV 69 70 64 72 71 66 67 73 68 Go to parties 29 29 26 33 34 21 32 24 35 Go dancing 30 30 31 35 30 26 35 23 39 Hang around 15 16 13 22 17 10 15 14 23 Play chess, checkers etc. 13 14 10 18 11 13 13 15 16 Drink beer, wine, liquor 5 6 - 4 5 5 4 6 9 Read books: Comic Books 11 11 12 13 12 8 12 8 16 * Mystery, detective, etc. 10 10 9 9 10 10 7 14 13 Novels 9 7 16 9 8 9 7 11 8 Scientific and technical 10 10 6 10 11 8 7 14 10 History or biography 8 7 14 11 9 5 8 8 12 Poetry 4 3 10 3 5 4 4 4 6 80-084 0 - 67 - 21 PAGENO="0322" 318 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ACTIVITIES DO OFTEN -con't. (Base: Total) 73. Age Sex Under 20 or Race Total Men Women 18 18-19 Older ~ \~.`Hte Dropouts % % % % % % % ~o % Read Magazines: Girlie Adventure News Trade Intellectual Women's Movies and record love story Pool Golf Swimming Bowling Team sports Fishing Other: Go out on dates Civil Rights activity Pleasure trips - 20 miles Read newspapers 6. 6 3 6 6 6 6 5 15 14 20 11 13 14 3 12 2 2 - 2 2 1 9 1 6 5 14 8 6 3 22 8 30 34 3 28 1 1 1 1 19 20 10 27 11 12 9 6 28 31 6 36 13 15 1 18 39 41 26 39 1 1 - 1 13 13 12 8 51 49 62 49 5 7 7 3 10 7 6 5 9 8 14 19 15 15 17 15 11 9 21 19 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 7 5 6 7 9 5 6 7 5 8 31 29 28 32 1 1 1 1 20 13 16 25 13 12 11 11 30 22 32 23 11 13 10 20 41 37 37 44 1 2 2 - 14 14 13 12 52 52 50 51 44 2 28 13 39 15 46 3 17 48 PAGENO="0323" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 319 74. Watching television and listening to rock n roll are the favorite leisure activities for these youth as they were for the no-shows. Among the men pool and team activities (basketball, football, etc.)are the favorite sports. Aside from newspapers and new magazines only about one in ten often read a book, although twenty-three percent said they had a library card. Observation: The list contained forty-two different activities. On thirty-eight the ~~tispaThcipate in them more often than do the no-shows. Only on two (watching TV and reading novels) do the no-shows participate more than the dropouts. Based on this list, at least, the dropouts appear to be a more active group than the no-shows. Religious Attendance One in five of the no-shows attend religious services on a regular basis. Women attend more often than men, and alder individuals more than the younger. Only twenty-three percent of the no-shows compared with thirty-six percent of the dropouts say they never attend religious services. PAGENO="0324" 320 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ATTENDANCE AT RELIGIOUS SERVICES (Base: Total) 75. Regularly Occasionally Never Driving Sex Age Total 1~ii~Women U~d~T18 18-19 20 or older ~ %~ ~ °h~ ~ 20 17 39 13 21 24 57 58 49 55 58 56 23 25 12 32 21 20 Slightly fewer no-shows than dropouts know how to drve, although more have a license DRIVING (Base: Total) Have Own License Car 45 28 13 6 and twice as many say they own a car: Know how Total 79 M~en 85 Women 43 ~ge: 17 1Ji~Jer18 73 31 25 18-19 81 36 29 20 or older 81 50 Rä~: . 20 N~ro White 75 85 36 49 32 Lurrent ~rarus: 31 W&king now 82 48 24 In school 74 39 Unemployed D~outs 75 84 30 30 ~T3 37 Graduates 90 54 PAGENO="0325" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 196 7 321 76. Compared with graduates, fewer no-shows know how to drive, hove a license or own a car. Organization Membership While twice as many no-shows as dropouts belong too labor union, trade, or professional organization, slightly more graduates than no-shows belong to such groups: MEMBERSHIP IN LABOR UNION, TRADE OR PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION (Bose: Total) Have Membership No-shows 15 Current Status: - Working now 21 In school 18 Unemployed 5 Giàduates Dropouts 8 Organized Social Activity One in ten of the no-shows belong to a social club or group of some kind (bowling league, etc.). This is slightly less than the number of graduates or dropouts who belong: PAGENO="0326" 322 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 77. BELONG TO SOCIAL CLUB (Base: Total) % No-shows 11 t~irrent status: - W~orkng now 13 In school 23 Unemployed 8 Graduates 15 Dropouts 13 Vofing One quarter of the no-shows are eligible to vote compared with sixteen percent of the dropouts. (No shows are older than dropouts.) Of those eligible,thirty-one percent are regis- tered and of the registered group fifty-one percent say they have voted. This means that four percent of the no-shows have voted compared with five percent of the dropouts and seven per- cent of the graduates. Medical Care Over six in ten of the no-shows have seen a doctor or dentist since signing up for the Job Corps. Women ore mare likely to have seen a doctor than are the men. Those in the North have had the least contact, those from the North Central region the most: PAGENO="0327" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 323 SEEN DOCTOR OR DENTIST 78. Forty percent of the no-shows are now saving money. This is ten percentoge points more than for the dropouts. However, it should be remembered that the no-shows have been working longer and are earning slightly more than the dropouts: SAVING MONEY (Base: Total) Nothing Under SS.00a week $5.00- iO.OOn week Si 1 .00 - 20.00 a week 521 .00 - 30.00 a week $31.00 or over Not sure Current Status Total Working* In School UnempTó~id -~-- % 62 46 52 92 8 10 14 2 15 23 20 2 7 ii 6 2 3 4 5 - 3 5 2 - 2 1 1 2 Seen Doctor or Dentist (Base: Total) % What Was Done (Base: Seen Doctor or Dentist61%) % Total 61 Routine medical 54 ~~T~sn: Routine dental 17 N~TF~ 54 Got medicine 14 North Central 70 Tooth pulled 23 South 60 Tooth filled 8 West 63 59 76 . Put in hospital Had an operation Psychotherapy Other 8 6 1 14 Sex: Women Savings PAGENO="0328" 324 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 .79. Contact with Social Agences Almost one in five of the no-shows have gone to a social agency since signing up for the Job Corps: GONE TO SOCIAL AGENCY (Base: Total) Yes Total 17 - TI~I1E 19 North Central 22 South 12 West 22 Sue of Region: ~Large Metro 21 Small Metro 15 Non-Metro 9 si~ 16 Women 22 O~Ierl8 16 18-19 19 20 or older 15 T1~ro 18 White 12 S~ining: T~iT1~1T1965 16 2nd. half 1965 22 1966 15 C~ii~rent Status: W~king now 12 In school 32 Unemployed 24 WilTàre ~1T Unemployment 36 Other 50 PAGENO="0329" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 325 80. Women have gone too social agency more than men. Possibly because of an avail- ability problem, those in rural areas have not contacted an agency to the same extent as those living in metropolitan areas. Of the total group of no-shows three percent said they went to a welfare agency, six percent to the unemployment bureau, and eight percent to some other agency. Observation: In spite of the fact that the no-shows were asked about a period averaging sfxteen months and the dropouts (who were asked the same question) about a period averaging five months, the percentage of no-shows contacting a social agency is not higher than it is for the dropouts. Contact with Police One in five of the no-shows have had trouble with the police since signing up for the Job Corps. As with the social agency contact this is essentially the same proportion as for the dropouts, although higher than for the graduates: PAGENO="0330" 326 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ADD ITI ONAI. DEMOGRAPH IC I NFORMATION PAGENO="0331" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 327 81. TROUBLE WITH POLICE HAD TROUBLE LAWYER (Base: Total) (Base: If had trouble20%) Yes % Total 20 Had lawyer. 37 I~T~,n: - Didn't have lawyer 42 16 Didnt need lawyer 21 North Central 21 South 18 West 33 Size of Region: Large Metro 21 Small Metro 23 Non-Metro 9 Sex: M~en 23 Women 6 Age: 1J~Jer 18 27 18-19 24 2Oor alder 13 T1~ro 18 White 23 Screening: 1st. half 1965 21 2nd. half 1965 20 1966 19 Current Status: Working now 15 In school 17 Unemployed 34 Those in the West, the unemployed and the younger no-shows are most likely to have had trouble with the police. While women are more likely to have contacted a social agency than the men, the men are more likely to have had trouble with the police. PAGENO="0332" 328 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 82. ADDITI ONAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION This section contains demographic information not md uded in the body of the report: SIZE OF PLACE (Base: Total) Total Large Metro (central city over one million) 32 Small Metro (central city under one million) 55 Non-Metro 1.3 AGE (Base: Total) Age Total Men Women 16 4 3 6 17 17 17 13 18 20 23 10 19 20 19 25 20 18 16 30 21 11 12 4 Over2l 10 9 12 Median 18.5 18.3 18.8 ETHNIC (Base: Total) Total Men Women -~c Negro 64 62 74 WTfl~: 35 37 25 M~Tcan T~ Puerto Rican 2 2 1 Other 24 25 18 ~an 1 1 1 PAGENO="0333" CURRENT EDUCATION (Base: Total) 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade High School graduate Before signing up for Job Corps Since signing up for Job Corps Total 2 4 13 21 28 15 17 2 MARITAL STATUS (Base: Total) Single Married Divorced -~- % NUMBER OF CHILDREN (Base: Married or Divorcedl5%) Total ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967. 329 83. MARITAL STATUS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN 85 14 1 86 14 * 78 19 3 Total Men Women Age: 1J~ler 18 18-1 9 20 or older Race: N~ro White 92 7 89 11 77 22 None One Two Three More than three 36 47 12 5 87 12 82 17 PAGENO="0334" NUMBER OF ROOMS (Base: Total) One Two Three Four Five Six or more NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVE WITH (Base: Total) Sex Age Race Total 1~%èn Women Under 18 18-19 20 or older Negro White -s- ~c ~ % ~ % ~ 1 * 3 2 1 33 31 45 34 44 42 44 34 39 38 18 20 13 20 12 6 5 5 5 WHOM LIVE WITH (Base: Total) Sex Age Race Total Men Women Under 1 8 18-19 20 or older Negro White ___%__ -~;_ -~7c- ~ - ~% % ~ ~ 75 75 46 55 10 15 13 11 67 61 22 14 3 5 4 5 330 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 84. % 5 14 24 27 29 Live alone 1 1 1 One-three others 37 38 31 Four-six others 40 40 38 Seven-nine others 17 17 20 Ten or more others 5 4 10 Mother 75 76 71 78 79 69 * Father 49 50 44 50 54 43 Wife or Husband 12 12 14 5 10 19 Children 13 11 27 6 13 17 Sisters or brothers 64 65 62 72 71 53 Other relatives 19 19 18 21 19 17 Friends 4 3 5 4 3 Other 4 3 11 * 4* 4 5 PAGENO="0335" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 331 85. ITEMS HAVE IN HOME (Base: Total) Size of Region Total Large Metro Small Metro Non-Metro Telephone 65 67 68 45 TVset 95 95 95 91 Radio 96 98 96 94 Record Player 78 82 78 63 Books 88 87 88 93 Magazines 86 85 88 81 Art pictures on wall 63 60 62 70 PAGENO="0336" PAGENO="0337" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY A~T AMENDMENTS OF 1967 333 86. APPENDIX 80-084 0 - 67 - 22 PAGENO="0338" 334 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX DETAILED OCCUPATION BREAKDOWN 87. Prior Occupation Current Occupation - Total Negro White Men Women Total Negro White Men Women -~-- -~- -~- -6?;- ~ ~% ~ ~ ~ Professional, Technical & Managerial Occupations Architectureand Engineering Medicine and Health Education Art Clerical and Sales Occupations Stenography, Typing, Filing and Related Work Computing and Account Recording Material and Production Recording Information and Message Distribution Salesman Service - Merchandising Miscellaneous Clerical Service Occupations Domestic Services Food and Beverage Preparationand Services Lodging and Related Services Barbering, Cosmetologyand Related Services Miscellaneous Personal Services Apparel and Furnishings Services Protective Services Building and Related Services Farming, Fishery, Forestryand Related Occupations Plant Farming Forestry Service Cattle Ranch 6T~s than one-half of one percent 5 6 2 4 18 6 7 5 4 15 * 2 3 2 2 12 5 4 4 3 15 3 3 -2 6 1 2 - 1 - 6 6. 5 3 18 6 7 4 5 19 1 1 - - 6 1 1 1 * 4 1 1 - - 6 1 2 1 1 7 1 - 2 - 6 - - - - - 1 - 3 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 4 34 37 30 34 46 34 34 33 33 44 -~ ~ -~ ~ 20 20 18 21 11 13 16 15 15 11 3 3 5 3 6 2 3 - 2 7 2 2 - 2 6 1 - 1 - 4 1 1 2 - 11 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 5 2 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1 - 2 1 - 4 7 - 4 6 10 9 10 11 - 5 4 7 5 - 2 3 1 3 - -~ ~ r r~ 2 1 5 2 - * 1 - * - 1 - 2 1 - * 1 - * - PAGENO="0339" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 335 APPENDIX (con't) DETAILED OCCUPATION BREAKDOWN 88. Processing Occupations Metal and Ore Refinery Work Food and Tobacco Processing Paper and Textile Processing Petroleum Gas and Coal Processing Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetics Rubber and Paint Wood Products Leather, Stone and Glass Machine Trades Occupations 8 Metal Machining 1 Mechanics and Machine Repairman - Motorized Vehicle & Engineering Equipment 1 Marine Mechanic Repairman - Engine Power Transmission 1 Business & Commercial Machine Repairman - Utilities Service Mechanics & Repairman 3 Printing Occupations 2 Bench Work Occupations Fabricoton, Assembly, Repair of Metal Products Assembly and Repair of Electrical Equipment Painting, Decorating & Related Work Bench Carpenters Others 9~ than one-half of one percent. Prior Occupation Current Occupation Total Negro White Men Women Total Negro White Men Won,én -~c- -~;- -~c-- -~-- -~c- -v; ~c ~ ~ - - - - - 4 4 2 3 7 - - - - - 3 3 1 3 7 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 - 5 12 8 - 11 10 13 12 4 - - - - 3 2 3 3 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 5 2 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 6 2 ; ; ; 2 2 2 - 1 1 2 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 ~- 2 1 - _j. A -~ - 1 2 - 1 - - 2 2 2 3 - - 2 1 3 2 - contin!c-d PAGENO="0340" t~stan one-half of one percent. - 5 6 5 5 7 -: -~ T T -~ -~ - 1 1 1 1 - - 2 2 2 2 5 - 2 2 1 2 2 18 27 24 32 29 4 - 1 2 1 2 - 12 8 6 9 8 - ~ ~; 1~* 14 13 4 - 2 1 4 2 - - 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 1 - 336 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 89. APPENDIX (con't) DETAILED OCCUPATION BREAKDOWN. Prior Occupation Current Occupation Total Negro White Men Women Total Negro White Men Women % % % % % % % % % % Structural Work Occupations 7 6 7 8 Metal Fabrication - - - - Welders, Flame Cutters, Related Work - - - - ElectricalAssembling, Installingand Repairing 1 1 - 1 Excavating ,Grading, Paving and~ Related Work - - - - Construction 6 5 7 7 Structural Work - - - - Miscellaneous Occupations Motor Freight Transportation Packaging and Materials Handling Graphic Art Logging Motion Picture General Laborer/Helper Car Wash & Service Station Attendant Truck Driver Post Office All others 32 35 30 35 1 2 - - 10 7 12 9 ~ ~ ; 1; 9 9 9 10 1 1 2 2 PAGENO="0341" Study No. 1709 A STUDY OF AUGUST 1966 TERMINAflONS FROM THE JOB CORPS Conducted for The Job Corps by Louis Harris and Associates March 1967 337 PAGENO="0342" 338 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 INDEX Page Introduction 3 Purpose of the Study 3 Sample 4 Analytic Groups 7 Pre-Job Corps Experience 13 What Doing Just Before Entering Job Corps 14 Type of Job 16 Hours Worked-Hourly Rate 17 Education .. 19 Age 21 Job Corps Experience 23 How First Heard About Job Corps 24 Contact with Screening Agency 25 Why Joined Job Corps 29 location of Center 31 length of Time in Job Corps 34 Sent Money Home .35 life in the Center : 36 Job Training in the Center . 44 Likes and D~tl~ikes About Job Corps........ .. .. . .. .. . . ....,~ .~ 51 Reasons for ~~aving the Jo~ Corps...... 54 Post-Job Corps Experience .. :. .. 58 Relocation 59 Job Corps Contacts Since Leaving the Center 62 Readjustment Allowance 63 What Did Immediately After Job Corps 64 Number of Jobs Since Leaving the Job Corps 69 Current Status 70 Type of Job 74 Use Job Corps Training on Job 75 How Got Current Job 78 Length of Time on Job - Number of Raises 79 Number of Hours Worked 80 PAGENO="0343" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 339 .2. INDEX - con't. Post-Job Corps Experience - con't Hourly Pay Rate 81 Chance for Job Advancement 83 In School Now 85 Unemployed Now 86 Interest in Armed Forces 88 Value of Job Corps Experience 91 Activities and lnvolvement with Community 94 Leisure Activities 95 Religious Attendance 98 Organization Membership 100 Membership in Social Organizations 101 Driving 102 Voting 103 Savings 104 Medical Care 105 Contact with Social Agency 106 Contact with Police 108 Additional Demographic Information 111 Region 111 SizeofPlace 111 lypeolCenter ,. 111 Age 111 Ethnic 112 Current Education 113 Marital Status 113 Number of Rooms 114 Number of People Live With 114 Whom Live With 115 Items Have in Home 115 Appendix -- Detailed Occupation Breakdown 116 PAGENO="0344" 340 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 3. INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of a study of Corpsmen who left the Job Corps during August 1966. By selecting a single month and exomining all types of terminations during that month it is possible to measure the relative accomplishment of graduates, dropouts, and discharges over the same period of time, from August 1966 when they left the Job Corps until February 1967, when the interviewing was done. Purpose of the Study The purposes of the study were: 1 . To determine the employment and education status of the August 1966 terminations at the time they entered the Job Corps as these elements relate to and help explain different levels of success within the Job Corps itself. 2. To examine experience of Corpsmen in the Job Corps: how did they first hear about the Job Corps? How well did the screening agency prepare them for what they would find in the training centers? What were they being trained for and what did they think of this training? How did they like other aspects of Job Corps life ranging from orientation to living conditions in the centers to their fellow Job Corpsmen? Finally, what were their reasons for leaving the Job Corps? Significant differences and similarities between the graduates, dropouts and discharges will be indicated. PAGENO="0345" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 341 4. 3. To examine the experience of Corpsmen after termination from the Job Corps. What did they do right after leaving the centers? What are they doing now -- working, in school, or unemployed? If they are working, what kind of jobs do they have now, how much are they earning and what do they think of their chances for advancement? If in school, what kind of school? If unemployed, what are they trying to do with their lives? Finally, what do they feel was useful about their Job Corps experience? Again the relative success of the graduates, dropouts and discharges since they left the Job Corps will be examined in depth. 4. To examine the positive and negative contacts of the ex-Corpsmen with their community. In this section many factors will be explored, including the extent of their participation in a roster of leisure activities, membership in labor, trade, and social groups, religious attendance, and contact with social agencies and with the police. The question here is how involved are the ex-Corpsmen with their community? Sample The Job Corps supplied a list of 3,073 names of August ~966 terminations. From this list 750 individualswere to be interviewed to achieve the desired return rate of 24 percent. In the end, 868 interviews were completed for a return rate of 28 per- cent. PAGENO="0346" 342 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 5. Names were clustered from the list into geographic sampling areas, accepting as workable any area with a diameter of fifty miles in which there were at least four names. (A larger area or fewer names would have made both the time needed to complete the interviewing and the cost of the interviewing prohibitive.) The criteria selected permitted a clustering of approximately 1500 names into 121 areas. Into each of these areas one or more trained Harris interviewers was dispatched to find and interview the ex-Corpsmen. In spite of the large size of each sampling area, the tendency of the areas to cluster around metropolitan centers introduced a slight urban bias to the sample. To eliminate this urban bias attempts were made to interview a number of individuals who were not clustered into the sampling areas. This was accomplished by sending telegrams to approximately 1400 names who were not grouped into the geographic areas and askirg them to call New York. collect at which time they were interviewed by phone.. Of the 868 completed interviews 629 were conducted in person and 239 by telephone. An additional problem was the need to interview an adequate number who were not at the address supplied by the Job Corps to insure the representativeness of the sample. Of the 868 interviews,239 were with individuals who were not living at the indicated address. This group included 80 who,compared with their pre-Job Corps home, had moved within the same neighborhood, 63 who had moved from one neighborhood to another in the same city or town and 54 who had moved from one city, town or rural area to another. (Forty two not interviewed at the supplied address said they had not moved from the home they were in be.. fore the Job Corps). PAGENO="0347" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 343 6. The representotiveness of the sample is also seen in a comparison of the completed interviews with the total list on certain demographic characteristics. COMPARISON OF SAMPLE AND TOTAL LIST Sample Total List (Base 868) (Base = 3073) Region 1~1~th 14 16 North Central 1 9 19 South 55 50 West 12 15 Sex/type of Center Men 95 95 Urban * 50 51 Conservation 45 44 Women 5 5 Age Dnder 18 23 25 18-19 45 45 20 and over 32 30 Type of Termination Graduate 32 29 Dropout 55 55 Discharge 13 16 On the important dimensions of region, sex, age, and type of termination our sample breakdown is close to the breakdown of the total list. PAGENO="0348" 344 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS. OF 1967 7. The following table presents a breakdown of our attempted contacts first percentaged on the total list of 3073 names andthen on the total contacts (1758): RESULTS OF ATTEMPTED CONTACTS Total list Contacts (Base = 3073) (Base 1758) interviewed Interviewed at address supplied 20 25 Interviewed at otheraddress 8 14 Not interviewed in military 4 7 Moved or don't know at address 16 28 No such address 2 4 Not athome 7 12 No information 43 X Some of the moved, "no such address", "not at home" groups (as well as the "no information" group) are probably in the military. Analytic Groups Throughout the report various breakdowns of the 868 August 1 966 terminations have been used. The definition and size of these sub-groups follows: PAGENO="0349" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 345 8. Type of Termination* 1. Graduate (271) - those who completed a course of training in the Job Corps Center. a) Grad-Negro (143) - all Negrc~ graduates b) Grad-white (113) - all white graduates c) Grad-urban (124) - all graduates from urban centers d) Grad-Conservation (112) - all graduate from Conservation centers 2. Dropouts (472) - those who did not complete a course of training in the Job Corps center but decided~to leave. . a) Dropout-Negro (218) - all Negro dropouts b) Dropout-White (241) - all white dropouts c) Dropout-urban (231)- all dropouts from urban centers d) Dropout-Conservation (184) - all dropouts from Conservation centers 3. Discharges (112) - those who did not complete a course but were asked to leave for medical, disciplinary, etc. reasons. PAGENO="0350" 346 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 9. Current Status 1. Working now (480) - those who say they ore currently working. This group includes forty-one who are also in school. 2. In school now (91) - those who say they are currently in school or in some type of vocational training program. This group includes the 41 who are also working. 3. Unemployed now (306) - those who are currently unemployed. Sex/Type of Center 1. Men (811) - all male terminations a) Urban (400) - all male terminations from urban centers b) Conservation (362) - all male terminations from Conservation centers 2. Women (48) - all female terminations Race 1. Negro (457) - all Negro terminations 2. White (382) - all white terminations PAGENO="0351" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 347 10. Age 1. Under 18 (196) - all terminations under 18 years old 2. 18-19 (383) - all terminations 18-19 years old 3. 20+ (280) - all terminations 20 years or older length of Time in Job Corps 1. In Job Corps less than 3 months (258) -all terminations who were in Job Corps less than three months. 2. In Job Corps 3-6 months (398) - all terminations who were in the Job Corps three - six months. 3. In Job Corps more than six months (193) - all terminations who were in the Job Corps more than six months. 1. North (123)-all terminations from Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont. 2. North Central (161) - all terminations from Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin. 3. South (483) - all terminations from Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Ccrolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia. 4. West (101) - all terminations from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. PAGENO="0352" 348 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 11. Size of Place 1. Large metro (119) - all respondents living in metropolitan areas with central cities of one million or more. 2. Small metro (412) - all respondents living in metropolitan areas with central cities of less than one million. 3. Non-metro (335) - all respondents Uving in non-metropolitan areas. Relocation 1. Moved-same neighborhood (82) - all terminations who said they had moved from where they were living before the Job Corps, but within the same neighborhood. 2. Moved-differentneighborhood (81) - all terminations who said they had moved from where they were living before the Job Corps to a new neighborhood in the same city, town orrural area. 3. Moved-different city (64)- all terminations who said they had moved from where they were living before the Job Corps to a new city, town or rural area. 4. Didn't move (641) - all terminations who said they were living in the same place as they were before joining the Job Corps. ~Note: Because there were some individuals who did not answer cer~ain questions or gave answers other than those used in the sub-group definitions, these groups do not always add exactly to 868. PAGENO="0353" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 349 12. The report begins with a discussion of the pre-Job Corps status of the August 1966 terminations, follows them through their contact with the screening agency and their experiences in the Job Corps, and then examines what they hove been doing since they left the Job Corps. In the lost section some of the factors that may help determine the relationship of these cx- Corpsmen to their community are examined. 80-084 0 - 67 - 23 PAGENO="0354" PAGENO="0355" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 351 13. PRE-.JOB CORPS EXPERIENCE PAGENO="0356" 352 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 14. What Doing Just Before Entering The Job Corps The pre-Job Corps employment level was basically the same for the graduates, dropouts and discharges. Each respondent was asked what he was doing just before he joined the Job Corps: PAGENO="0357" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 353 WHAT DOING JUST BEFORE JOINING THE JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Before Job Corps Working In School Unemployed Other % % % % 15. Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Dropouts Dropout-Negro Dropout-White Dropout-Urban ~ut-Conservation Discharges Current Status Working In school 10 32 * 9 29 1 8 24 - 9 38 2 7 29 - 11 _______ 24 _______ - 9 34 1 9 29 * 9 38 2 8 39 1 10 ______ 24 _______ 2 13 30 1 58 61 68 51 64 65 56 62 51 52 64 56 65 7 27 1 43 25 30 2 50 9 41 * Sex . Men 59 10 31 * Women 38 10 50 2 Race . Negro 61 10 29 * White 52 9 37 2 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 50 12 38 * 3-6 months 61 10 28 1 More than 6 months 58 6 34 2 Region North 56 11 32 1 North Central 43 13 41 3 South 62 8 30 West 53 13 33 1 Age Under 18 44 17 38 1 18-19 56 10 33 1 20andover 68 4 28 * PAGENO="0358" 354 ECONOMiC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 16. Overall,almost six in ten were working just before entering the Job Corps. Men were working more than women and Negroes more than whites (among both graduates and dropouts). Regionally, those from the South had the highest employment and the West the lowest. The apparently sharp difference in employment between those under 18 and those older is somewhat reduced when the number in school is taken into consideration: among the younger group 61 percent are either working or in school compared with 66 percent of those 18-19 years old and 72 percent of those 20 or older. Observation: It is important to recognize in this table that although there are differenc~in the pre-Job Corps status by region, race, sex and age, the key groups (graduate, dropouts, and discharges) show little difference. Each type of termin- ation began the Job Corps from essentially the same level of employment. Type of Job Among those who were working just before they entered the Job Corps, almost four in ten had some type of service job: TYPE OF JOB (Base: Working before entering Job Corps = 58%) Total Men Women Negro White % % % % % Professional, technical 4 3 17 6 2 Clerical,sales 3 2 11 2 3 Service 38 39 61 46 30 Farming, fishing 9 10 - 5 15 Processing 7 7 - 4 10 Machine trades 4 4 - 2 5 Benchwork 2 2 - 2 2 Structural work 8 8 - 8 8 Miscellaneous 25 25 11 25 25 N~te: The appendix contains a detailed breakdown of pre-Job Corps occupations, occupations trained for in the Job Corps, and current occupation. PAGENO="0359" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 355 17. Wonen more than men and Negroes more than whites tend to be working in the service occupations, particularly food preparation and service. Hours Worked - Hourly Rate The men worked longer hours than the women: NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED PER WEEK (Base: Working before entering Job Corps 58 %) Total Graduate Dropout Discharge Men Women Negro White % % % % % % % % Under 17 7 7 8 7 7 19 6 9 17-24 4 6 3 3 4 - 4 5 25-32 6 4 8 3 5 37 6 7 33-40 47 46 48 42 48 25 53 38 41 or more 36 37 33 45 36 19 31 41 Median hours 37.6 37.7 37.2 39.0 37.7 30.7 37.1 38.1 Overall,the median pay rate of those working was less than $1 .20 an hour. PAGENO="0360" 356 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 HOURLY RATE (Base: Working before entering Job Corps=58%) 18. Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Dropouts DropoutNegro Dropout-White DropoufrUrban Dropout-Conservation Discharges ~~7type of Center Men Urban Conservation Women Race Negro White 10 14 39 21 8 11 13 46 13 9 10 12 44 15 10 12 16 48 12 4 8 14 43 13 11 12 11 47 15 8 TF 13 36 26 7 11 11 38 26 6 13 14 35 24 8 11 12 35 24 10 12 12 37 27 4 ~ 23 33 21 9 10 14 39 21 8 9 15 36 21 11 11 13 41 22 5 IL 16 47 16 - 10 14 38 22 13 15 37 22 Pre-Job Corps: Under $ .75 $1.01 $1.26 $1.51 Over $ .75 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $1.75 Median % % % % % % % 8 $1.17 8 1.14 9 1.16 8 1.15 11 1.16 7 1.14 7 1.19 8 1.18 6 1.17 8 1.19 ______________________ 8 1.18 ____________________ 7 1.15 8 1.17 8 1.18 8 1.16 - 1.07 1.17 1.15 4 1.10 7 1.16 10 1.21 6 1.15 9 1.17 5 1.14 4 1.21 19 1.22 4 1.12 18 1.32 10 1.14 2 1.16 15 1.32 7 1.15 8 7 8 6 Age 1 Under 18 11 18 54 12 9 18-19 10 17 38 19 9 20 and over 12 9 34 26 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 12 16 37 24 5 3-6 months 10 11 43 19 8 More than 6 months 13 16 36 19 11 Region North 7 4 47 25 13 North Central 4 15 35 20 7 SoUth 13 17 41 19 6 West 8 6 28 30 10 Relocation Moved-some neighborhood Moved-different neighborhood Moved-different town 12 4 8 12 12 2 45 52 31 13 24 34 8 4 10 Didn't move 12 16 37 20 8 PAGENO="0361" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 357 19. Graduates were earning slightly less than dropouts or discharges before they entered the Job Corps. Men were earning a median of $.10 more an hour than women. Older Corpsmen were not only more likely to be working, but, when working, earning mare than younger Corpsmen. Those from the South, while highest in employment, had the lowest median hourly rate. Those from the West had the lowest level of employment and the highest hourly rate. Education The median years of schooling at the time of entering the Job Corps was 8.9: PRE-JOB CORPS EDUCATION (Base: Total) 20 Under And Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Men Women Negro White 18 18-19 Over % % % % % % % % % ~% % - 6th grade 3 4 2 6 3 - 3 3 5 2 3 7th grade 9 4 12 9 9 - 6 12 13 9 6 8thgrade 15 13 16 17 16 8 11 21 17 14 16 9th grade 25 27 27 13 25 25 25 25 35 24 17 10th grade 22 20 21 29 22 19 25 19 23 24 19 llthgrade 16 18 14 12 16 21 19 12 4 19 22 Finished high school 10 14 8 9 9 27 11 8 3 8 17 Median years 8.9 9.1 8.7 9.2 8.9 9.9 9.2 8.6 8.4 9.0 9.4 Bath the graduates and the discharges had more schooling than the dropouts. However, the graduates are made up of a higher percentage of high school graduates than the discharges. The women had more schooling than the men. Over one quarter of the women report PAGENO="0362" 358 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 20. having finished high school. As might be expected the older Corpsmen had more education. `Negroes hove a higher level of pre-Job Corps education thon whites. Observation: One in ten of the terminations said they had graduated from high school before entering the Job Corps. The higher level of education did not decrease their need for job training for they were not working at the time of entering the Job Corps appreciably more than those who did not finish high school, nor were they earning appreciably more. (High school graduates - 61 percent working, $1 .19/hr; high school dropouts -57 percent working, $1 .16/hr.) Next, the 90 percent who did not finish high school were asked why they hod left school: WHY LEFT SCHOOL (Base: Did not finish high school = 90%) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Negro White -~--- -~ % % % % Got into trouble Cutting classes, went with wrong crowd, trouble with other kids Help support family Wanted to go to work Wonted or needed money Bored, just quit Didn't like anything about it Doing failing work To enter Job Corps Got a job and didn't go back Other 21 14~) 26') 32 ~-20 140 11 14) 11\ 10~') 10~-29 10~32 8~(25 8) 7) 13) l7) 12") >25 532 ç23 12) 15) iiJ 12 11 13 6 6 5 18') b 27 9) 10") 16~32 6) 12) ~- 21 9) 9 9 17') 27) 28 ~.37 11) o) 12'\ 9') 11 ~34 8~22 ~ ~) 15') 13) ç23 ç30 8) 17) 10 14 7 5 5 2 9 9 4 4 4 9 7 12 4 7 PAGENO="0363" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 359 21. Overall, one third left because they either got into trouble or were having difficulty with other students. Twice as many dropouts as graduates and more whites than Negroes volunteered this as a reason for leaving. On the other hand, more graduates than dropouts and more Negroes than whites mentioned as a reason for leaving the need to work. Graduates also seemed more frustrated with school than did dropouts or discharges. More of them said they were bored or lost interest. The some is true for whites compared with Negroes. Observation: Negroes who enter the Job Corps appear to be a more highly motivated group th~~hites. Negroes tend to be working more than the whites pre-Job Corps and have more schooling than whites. They tend to appreciate school more than the whites. Seventy-seven percent of the Negroes compared with 59 percent of the whites said they found school worthwhile. Also, among Negroes who.did not finish high school, the reasons volunteered for their leaving tend more toward the need to work while among whites who did not finish the reasons are more involved with getting into trouble and a general loss of interest, It is not surprising then, that there is a smaller proportion of the Negroes dropping out of the Job Corps compared with whites (there is not a higher proportion of Negroes graduating, however, for the difference is made up in the dischargegroup:) Negro White % %. Graduates 32 30 Dropouts 49 63 Discharges 19 7 Age Although the graduates, dropouts, and discharges have essentially the same pre-Job Corps status there is one key demographic difference between these groups that should be pointed out before examining their experiences in and since the Job Corps. This is the dimension of age: PAGENO="0364" 360 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 22. AGE (Base:Total) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges % % % Under 18 23 14 29 20 18-19 45 41 46 47 20 or older 32 45 25 33 Median 18.1 18.9 17.9 18.1 Almost half of the graduates are at least twenty years old compared with one quarter of the dropouts and one third of the discharges. Although the graduates were in the Job Corps longer than the other groups, the time differential is not as great as the age differential. The graduates, then, are not only older now, but entered the Job Corps older than either the dropouts or the discharges. Observation: While older than the others and with more education, the. graduates were not ~ii~er off in their employment situation. They were bound to be more frustrated and their interest in and need for the Job Corps stronger. PAGENO="0365" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMF~NTS OF 1967 361 23. JOB CORPS EXPERIENCE PAGENO="0366" 362 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 24. How First Heard About Job Corps Each respondent was asked how he first heard about the Job Corps: HOW FIRST HEARD ABOUT JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Total North North Central South West % % % % % Friend 32 29 29 34 34 TV 23 16 25 23 21 Employment agency 17 12 10 17 22 Parents 7 6 4 7 6 School 4 6 3 4 3 Social worker 4 9 6 2 5 Radio 3 2 1 3 2 Other 20 20 21 20 17 Friends and television are the prime sources of initial information about the Job CoriSs. Parents ma~' provide same encouragement at a later stage in the application process but their initial stimulus is small. The only source that distinguishes graduates from dropouts and discharges is learning from friends': 23 percent for the graduates, 34 percent for the dropouts and 33 percent for the discharges. PAGENO="0367" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 363 25. Contact With Screening Agency Less than half of the Corpsmen felt the screening agency had given them a true picture of what the Job Corps would be like: PAGENO="0368" 364 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 DiD SCREENING AGENCY GIVE TRUE PICTURE (Base: Total) As one would expect, more graduates than dropouts feel that an accurate picture was presented by the screening agency but still over four in ten of the graduates feel 26. True picture Not true picture _____ - To~l 42 Graduates 52 Grad-Negro 57 39 Grad-White 47 Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation 54 54 41 44 Not sure 4 4 4 5 5 2 D~àpouts 46 4 Dropout-Negro 50 57 3 Dtopout-White Dropout-Urban 40 45 52 3 53 3 Dropout-Conservation 44 50 44 DTi~h~ges Si~/Type of Center 48 4 Men 48 4 Urban- 48 48 3 Conservation. 49 48 Women 53 38 ~ R~e Negro 52 44 52 5 White 43 ceg on North North Central South West 50 * 48 2 3 42 55 53 43 that they had been misled tosome extent. PAGENO="0369" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967. 365 27. Regionally there is a sharp break, with many more in the West and North Central, feeling they had not been given a true picture. There is little difference between those who went to urban centers and those who went to Conservation centers. There is a fairly sharp difference between Negroes and whites with Negroes (especially the Negro graduates) recalling a more accurate picture than the whites. Observation: While there are internal variations, the basic fact remains that only one half of the August 1966 terminations feel they were given a clear picture of what the Job Corps would be like. Those who feel the screening agency had not presented a true picture were next asked what they feel had been misleading: 80-084 0 - 67 - 24 PAGENO="0370" 366 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 28. WHAT SCREENING AGENCY SAID THAT WAS MISLEADING (Base: Screening Agency did not present true picture = 48%) Con- Race Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Urban servation Nigro White -~-- % _%__ % -~- ~ -q;-- ~ Didn't get training promised 32 28 35 31 27 41 36 29 Didn't get money promised 22 19 22 27 23 19 25 18 Living conditions not as good as promised 20 17 24 13 25 16 15 26 Built up too much, exaggerated 20 19 20 27 23 16 21 19 Said you could go out when you wanted to 20 20 17 27 20 20 22 17 Said wouldn't have to work 8 9 9 4 5 13 11 6 Didn'tget clothing allowance 7 10 6 2 6 6 8 6 Said there would be gym, swimming 7 6 8 4 8 7 7 7 Didn't tell about riots, fights 6 3 8 6 9 4 4 9 Promised reading help, didn't get 6 3 8 4 6 6 6 6 Didn't tell about Negroes 4 5 4 2 5 2 3 6 Counselors didn't care 4 5 4 2 5 2 3 6 Other 5 7 2 3 3 4 6 4 The major complaint of all grc~ps is that they did not receive the training they had been promised. In Consèr~,ation centers this is a clearly: dominant ` source of dissatisfaction with the screeners. More Negroes-than whites and more dropouts than graduates also make the same claim.' The second reason cited is that the terminations did not receive the money they were promised. Those.discharged complain about' this more than-the other groups. PAGENO="0371" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 367 29. Living conditions not up to expectations, general exaggeration of the benefits, and stricter rules than anticipated are mentioned by one in five of those who feel the screeners did not give them a true picture. Those in urban centers complain about the living conditions more than those in Conservation centers. Whites complain more than Negroes. Over one in four discharges feel the rules were more strict than they thought they would be. Observation: The screeners have a difficult job inpresenting an accurate and fair picture of what the Job Corps will be like. There is bound to be some confusion about how they are going to be paid. There is bound to be some overstatement and exaggerated expectation of conditions and life in the centers. These Corpsmen do not expect to be told every negative aspect of the Job Corps. We will see that many complain about fights and trouble in the center but very few complain that the screeners did not tell them about this part of center life. They do not expect to be told this. They do expect to be told about their real training opportunities and possibilities. Tf~previous table indicates that this is not being done to the fullest extent. Why Joined Job Corps Each respondent was shown a list of possible reasons for joining, the Job Corps and asked which had been most important-for him: PAGENO="0372" 368 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AC~ AMENDMENTS OF 1967 REASONS FOR JOINING THE JOB CORPS (Bose: Total) 30. Learn a trade Get an education Out of school - couldn't get job Out of work Wanted to get away from home Mother wanted me to Employment agency suggested it Friend in and said it was OK Nothing better to do Father wanted me to Parole officer told me to Thought it would keep me out of army Other Sex Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Men Women ~c % °,6~ % ~ 84 86 85 76 84 81 52 56 53 44 52 52 20 23 17 17 19 40 15 13 15 20 15 21 14 14 15 15 15 6 13 10 14 15 13 10 11 9 14 8 12 6 10 4 12 15 10 4 10 7. 11 13 9 15 6 6 6 7 6 2 6 6 6 7 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 - 3 3 4 4 3 4 The basic reasons of "learning a trade" and "getting an education" are dominant with all groups although the discharges mention them somewhat Ies~ than do the graduates or the / dropouts. . . Women, starting with a lower level of employment than the men were much more likely to give reasons for joining directly related to their unemployed status (61 percent of the women mentioned "outof school-couldn't get a job"or "out of work" compared with 34 percent of the men). PAGENO="0373" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 369 31. Observation: It was noted earlier that the combined effects~of being older, somewhat better educated but not more successful in finding a job gave the graduates a stronger impetus to join the Job Corps than the dropouts or discharges. The previous table again makes the same point. Looking at the reasons listed from "mother wanted me to" down to "thought it would keep me out of the Army', they all have what might be called a "secondary" quality compared with the direct primary reasons of "learning a trade", out of work, etc.-- a quality of "I joined because someone else suggested it or I had nothing better to do". Adding up the percentage of each group who mentioned one of these "secondary" reasons for joining we find the following: Graduates 38 Dropouts 61 Discharges 64 Relatively, the graduates are more likely to cite a direct, primary reason for joining while the dropouts and discharges are more likely to mention a secondary, indirect reason. Location of Center Among all groups over 8 in 10 (84%) felt the Job Corps center was quite faraway. The Corpsmen were almostevenly divided over whether they would have preferred the center closer to home or farther away,with a slight edge wishing the center were closer to home: PAGENO="0374" 370 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 32. PREFER CENTER CLOSER OR FARTHER AWAY (Base: Total) Closer Farther Away No Difference % % Total 36 30 34 Graduates Dropouts 42 27 31 Disc.harges 26 34 40 Sex Men 36 30 34 Women 33 37 30 Race Negro 33 39 28 White 39 22 39 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 42 28 30 3-6 months 37 28 35 More than 6 months 27 38 35 Age Under 18 39 24 37 18-19 36 33 31 20 and over 33 32 35 The dropouts and those in the Job Corps less tia n three months express the strongest preference for a center closer to home. - For almost two out of three, the Job Corps was the first time they hod been so far from home for more than a few days: PAGENO="0375" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 371 33. WAS THIS FIRST TIME SO FAR FROM HOME (Base: Total) Yes % Total 63 ~3uat~ Dropouts 62 Discharges 58 Sex/Type of Center Men 63 Urban 56 Conservation 68 Women 73 Race Negro 66 White 61 Age Under ~8 71 18-19 62 20 and over 59 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 5. 3-6 months 64 More than 6 months 67 For women more than men and for younger Corpsmen more than older Corpsmen, it was the first time so far from home. Observation: That more graduates than dropouts or discharges were away from home for the first time and yet preferred a center farther away suggests that, being more highly motivated from the start, the change of environment and the newness of the experience were real advantages for the graduates. For the less motivated dropouts and discharges the change and the newness tended to mitigate against their success in the Job Corps. PAGENO="0376" 372 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Length of Time in Job Corps 34. Overall, the median length of time in the Job Corps for the August 1966 terminations was 4.2 months: The graduates were in for the longest time, a median of just under six months. The women tended to be in longer than the men and urban center Corpsmen longer than Conservation center Corpsmen. The older the Corpsman is the longer he was likely to stay in a center. Negroes and whites stayed in the Job Corps about the same length of time. Total ~~uates Dropouts Discharges Sex/Type of Center Men Urban Conservation Women Under 18 18-19 20 and over Negro White LENGTH OF TIME IN JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Less Then 3-6 More than 3 months Months 6 months % % % 30 47 23 _~6 44 44 12 31 64 5 31 48 21 29 44 27 31 53 16 15 _______ 39 46 44 50 6 31 48 21 19 ______ 45 ______ 36 30 47 23 32 47 21 Median % 4.2 months 5.9 3.4 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.1 5.7 3.4 4.2 5.1 4.3 4.1 PAGENO="0377" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 373 35. Sent Money Home Over half of the Corpsmen said they sent money home while in the Job Corps: SEND ANY MONEY HOME * (Base: Total) Less More Then3 3 -6.Then6 Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Negro White Months Months Months -~ç- ~ ~ -~-- -e,ç-- % ~ Did not send money home 45 36 50 49 38 52 69 35 35 Sentmoneytomother 46 54 41 47 51 41 24 55 55 Sentmoneyto father 5 7 4 2 4 6 2 7 5 Sentmoneytowife 1 1 2 - 2 1 2 1 1 Sent money to someone else 5 6 5 2 6 3 3 6 6 * Figures add to more than 100% as some respondents gave more than one answer. Length of stay in the Job Corps is an obvious factor: two out of three of those in three months or more sent money home compared with one out of three of those in less than three months. It is interesting that although in the centers for approximately the same length of time, significantly more Negroes than whites sent money home. Among all groups the money was usually sent to the mother. PAGENO="0378" 374 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 36. Life in the Center The Corpsmen were next asked to rate some key aspects of their life in the center. First, orientation, `the way they got you started at the center": ORIENTATION (Bose: Total) Way Got You Started G,x,d Not so good Not sure % % Total 76 22 2 Graduates 17 2 Grad-Negroes 83 14 3 Grad-White 78 21 1 Dropouts 71 26 3 Dropout-Negro 76 23 1 Dropout-Whte 67 29 4 Discharges 82 17 1 Sex/Type of Center Men 76 22 2 Urban 75 23 2 Conservation 80 18 2 Women 65 31 4 Race Negro 80 18 2 White 70 27 3 All groups rate the orientation favorably, but the dropouts less so than the graduates or *discharges. Negroes more than whites and men more than women feel the orientation was good. PAGENO="0379" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 375 37. Next, living conditions at the centers: LIVING CONDITIONS (Base: Total) Good Not os good Not sure % % Total 81 18 1 ~~uates 85 14 Grad-Negroes 93 7 - Grad-Whites 76 21 3 Dropouts 76 23 1 Dropout-Negros 88 11 1 Dropout-Whites 65 34 1 Discharges 86 12 2 Sex/Type of Center Men 81 18 1 Urban 74 25 1 Conservation 88 11 1 Women 83 17 - Race Negro 89 10 1 White 70 28 2 Graduates and discharges liked the living conditions more than the dropouts did. Negroes are significantly more favorable toward living conditions than whites. While there was a slight difference between those in urban centers and those in Conservation centers on orientation, the split becomes much larger on living conditions, with Corpsmen in Conservation centers rating their centers much higher than Corpsmen in urban centers. PAGENO="0380" 376 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 38. We then asked about the food: THE FOOD (Base: Total) Sex/lype of Center Race Grad- Drop- Dis- Conser- Total uates outs charges Men Urban vation Women Negro Whites ~a,ç ~ % -~ç -~ç % ~ -~ -s,ç Good 72 69 71 85 74 71 79 35 75 69 Not so good 26 28 27 15 24 27 19 63 23 29 Notsure 2 3 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 The men generally liked the food, with Conservation centers rating the food somewhat higher than urban centers. However, two thirds of the women say the food was not so good. The instructors and the things they taught receive high ratings: THE INSTRUCTORS (Base: Total) Sex/lype of Center Grad- Drop- Dis- Conser- Total uotes outs charges Men Urban vation Women % % % % % % % % Good 85 92 82 83 85 84 86 88 Notasgoad 11 7 12 15 11 12 10 10 Notsure 4 1 6 2 4 4 4 2 PAGENO="0381" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 377 Good Not as good Not sure Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uates outs charges % % % % 80 89 74 83 14 9 17 14 *6 2 9 3 Sex/lype of Center Conser- Men Urban vation Women % % % % 80 84 78 77 14 10 16 17 6 6 6 6 In each of these ratings the graduates hold more favorable views about the Job Corps than the dropouts or discharges. *Men (both from urban centers and Conservation centers) and women feel the instructors are doing a good job. But "the things they taught" are given a higher rating by urban center men than either the Conservation center men or the women. THINGS THEY TAUGHT (Base: Total) 39. We next asked about the "opportunities to relax and enjoy yourself": PAGENO="0382" 378 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 40. OPPORTUNITIES TO RELAX AND ENJOY YOURSELF (Base: Total) Good Not as good Not sure % % % Total 73 25 2 ~~uates 20 T Dropouts 67 30 3 Discharges 79 20 1 Sex/Type of Center Men 72 26 2 Urban 71 27 2 Conservation 73 25 2 Women 87 13 - Race Negro 79 20 1 White 65 32 3 Age Under 18 65 32 3 18-19 73 24 3 20 and over 77 23 - Women more than men liked thjbpportunities tdrelax. Dropouts did not think as well of these opportunities as graduates and discharges,nor did the younger Corpsmen think as much of them as did the older Corpsmen. Significantly, more graduates than dropouts felt they had a good chance to "meet people from the community the center was in or near: PAGENO="0383" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 379 41. Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White _______________ __________________ Dropouts Dropouts-Negro Dropouts-White ___________ _____________ Discharges ____________ _____________ Sex/Type of Center Men Urban Conservation Women Negro White ___________ _____________ Length of Time in Job Lorps Less than 3 months 3 - 6 months More than 6 months Race CHANCE TO MEET PEOPLE FROM THE COMMUNITY (Base: Total) Good -~-- Not as good % Not sure % 68 76 57 ?~a 30 22 41 ~. 2 2 2 48 57 41 37 49 8 6 10 61 35 4 56 51 62 67 38 45 30 31 6 4 8 2 65 47 31 46 4 7 40 62 67 45 37 29 . 15 1 4 The longer someone stayed in the Job Corps, the more likely he is to feel that the opportunities to meet people from the community are good. Less contact has been made by those in urban centers than in Conservation centers .(The sense of a distinct "community" is probably weaker in urban areas than in rural areas.) Negroes, particularly among graduates, feel that they had a good chance to meet people from the community. PAGENO="0384" 380 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 42. They were next asked about the pay received in the center: PAY RECEIVED (Base: Total) Good Not as good Not sure -e,ç-- % Total 53 44 3 ~3ates *57 ~4T Grad-Negro 65 33 2 Grad-White 48 49 3 Dropouts 48 48 4 Dropout-Negro 47 51 2 Dropout-White 50 44 6 Discharges 53 41 6 Sex Men 51 45 4 Women 57 43 - Race Negro 56 42 2 White 50 45 5 Overall, only slightly more than half the Corpsmen felt the pay was enough. There is only one group that really found the money they were paid good--Negro graduates. Women found the pay somewhat better than the men. The last item asked about is in many ways, the most important - the `kind of kids" at the center: PAGENO="0385" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 381 43. KIND OF KIDS AT THE CENTER (Base: Total) Good Not as good Not sure % % % 11 Graduates 64 26 10 Grad-Negro 73 18 9 Grad-White 52 38 10 Dropouts 45 43 12 Dropout-Negro 62 28 10 Dropout-White 29 57 14 Discharges 64 27 9 Sex/Fype of Center Men 53 36 11 Urban 46 43 11 Conservation 61 28 11 Women 59 28 13 Race Negro 67 24 9 White 37 50 13 Age Under 18 43 47 10 18-19 55 34 11 20andover 57 31 12 80-084 0 - 67 - 25 PAGENO="0386" 382 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 44. While there is sharp split in attitute about the kind of kids in the center between graduates and discharges on one hand and dropouts on the other, the greatest cleavage is found between Negroes and whites. Negroes are much more favorable towards the other kids than are the whites . This is particularly true amoung the dropouts where over six in ten of the Negroes liked the kids in the center but less than three in ten of the whites felt the same way. Observation: On most of the aspects of center life tested,the Corpsmen feel a good job is being done. (All of the items had at least half saying it was "good"). Graduates are uniformly more favorable than the dropouts. Discharges tend to rate most items the same as graduates. Negroes seem generally more satisfied than the whites and women more than men. The Conservation centers do better than the urban centers as far as amenities. Only on "things they taught" do the Conservation centers lag behind the urban centers. The problem of racial hostility is indicated by the high percentage of whites (50 percent) compared to Negroes (24%) who say "the kids in the center" are 1not so good". This gap is small~r among the graduates (21 points) than among the dropouts (34 points). This clearly suggests that if the need and the motivation to learn are strong enough, as they are.for the graduates, prejudices that the Corpsmen bring to the centers can be overcome and they can learn, work and live (or at least co-exist) with others of a different color. Job Training In The Center Each respondent was asked what job he had been trained for while in the Job Corps: PAGENO="0387" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 383 OCCUPATION TRAINED (Base: Professional, Technical and Managerial 5 8 Clerical and Sales 12 17 10 12 9 13 24 17 8 10 27 26 3 2 9 4 7 10. 6 20 14 19 18 5 11 14 10 6: 13 24 26 9 13 10 23 31 29 2 3 4 5 3 1 Graduates Total Graduates ~ Whtes Urban % % %~ % % Service. Farming, Fishery, Forestry etc. Processing Machine Trades Bench Work Structural Work Miscellaneous Don't know PAGENO="0388" 5 6 4 4 10 11 7 14 9 8 10 7 6 7 6 4 29 25 32 35 7 7 7 4 26 29 23 22 2 1 3 2 11 10 12 8 1 3 3 40 2 5 9 41 9 8 10 19 11 8 10 - 23 23 25 2 5 7 .9 - 34 37 29 4 3 4 3 - 16 11 9 - 384 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 45. FOR IN JOB CORPS Total) ___________ Dropouts _________________________ Sex Conservation Dropouts Negro White Urban* Conservation Discharges Men Wo~sien % % % % % % % % % 6 7 12 23 13 11 31 4 7 PAGENO="0389" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 385 46. Just over half of the Corpsmen were being trained for a job in machine trades or structural work. Graduates were trained more in clerical occupations than- dropouts or discharges but this was mainly in the urban centers. Almost one quarter-of the Conservation center graduates said they were trained in farming, fishing, or forestry occupations. Women were trained in technical skills (medicine & health) and clerical work. While overall II percent of. the dropouts (and the discharges as well) did not know what they were being trained for (or had not received any training by the time they left) this figures rises to 16 percent among Conservation center dropouts. Observation: Except that the graduates are being trained more in clerical occupations -- and dropouts in machine trades, the pattern of job training for each type of termination is basically simik~r. Almost three quarters of the Corpsmen said they were very interested in getting the kind of job they were being trained for: INTEREST IN GETTING J0~ TRAINED FOR (Base: Total) Total Graduafes Dropouts Discha~ % % % % Very nterested 73 73 70 76 Somewhat interested II 10 12 10 Not very interested 13 15 14 10 Notsure 3 2 4 4 PAGENO="0390" 386 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 47. There is high and fairly uniform interest in the lob being trained for. There is also a strong feeling that the training was helpful although there are significant variations, group by group, in the strength of this attitude: PAGENO="0391" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF* 1967 387 48. WAS JOB TRAINING HELPFUL (Base: Total) Helped Not Helpful Not sure % % % Total 65 25 10 G~duates W Grad-Negro 76 20 4 Grad-White 76 18 6 Grad-Urban 83 15 2 Grad-Conservation 67 25 8 Dropouts 60 27 13 Dropout-Negro 67 24 9 Dropout-White 54 29 17 Dropout-Urban 65 23 12 Dropout-Conservation 56 30 14 Discharges 58 33 9 Sex/lype of Center Men 64 26 10 Urban 71 21 8 Conservation 58 30 12 Women 75 19 6 Race - Negro - 68 25 7 White 61 26 13 Length of Time in Job Corps Under 3 months 46 33 21 3 -ómonths 68 27 5 More than 6 months 82 13 5 Type Trained for Professional & Technical 72 16 12 Clerical and sales 82 13 5 Service 75 19 6 Farmers, Fishing 54 42 4 Machine trades 63 25 12 Bench work 70 27 3 Structural work 70 21 9 PAGENO="0392" 388 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 49. Over 75 percent of the graduates felt the job training they received was helpful compared with 60 percent of the dropouts and 58 percent of the discharges. This is a reflection of the length of time each group stayed in the Job Corps. The longer someone was in the more he could be trained and the mare helpful he found his training. - Women found their training more helpful than men and urban center Corpsmen found it more helpful than those in Conservation centers. Individuals being taught clerical skills felt their training was more helpful than those being trained for other occupations. However, while two thrds of the Corpsmen felt the training was helpful,only one quarter thought they had received enough training to get a job ~n that field: PAGENO="0393" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 389 50. WERE YOU GIVEN ENOUGH TRAINING TO GET JOB (Base: Total) Given Enough Training % Total 26 ~~3uates Grad-Negro 44 Grad-White 40 Grad-Urban 50 Grad-Conservation 29 Dropouts 16 Dropouts-Negro 17 Dropouts-White 16 Dropouts-Urban 18 Dropouts-Conservation 16 Discharges - 17 Sex/type of Center Men 25 Urban 29 Conservation 21 Women 39 Race Negro 27 White 24 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 10 3-6 months 22 More than 6 months 52 Type Trained for Professional and Technical 34 Clerical and Sales 35 Service 32 Farmers, fishing 25 Machine trades 18 Bench work 28 Structural work 26 PAGENO="0394" 390 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 51. Urban center graduates and Corpsmen in the Job Corps over six months are the two groups who most feel they were given enough training but even in these two groups half felt their training was inadequate. The urban center graduates are significantly more positive about their training than are Conservation center graduates. More women than men feel their training was sufficient to get a job. Observation: The previous table is particularly important and its negative implications on the adequacy of Job Corps training should be examined carefully, and, if possible, put into proper perspective. It is not at all surprising that few of the dropouts and discharges felt they hod sufficient training since neither of these groups finished their courses in the center. Our concern must be with the majority of graduates who did finish a course but still feel they did not receive enough training. In the next section it will be observed that; a) over one quarter of the graduates are not working and; b) that, among those who are working, less than half are in the occupation they were trained for in the Job Corps. These two factors function both Os a cause of the feeling of insuffcient training and as a result of the training's actually being insufflcient. In the next section it will also be seen that few of those working received their job through direct Job Corps placement. Inability to find a job in the field trained for is an obviously pivotal element in influencing a point of view that the training is inadequate. Whether or not it is the dominant element is more difficult to say. Likes and Dislikes About Job Corps Eoch respondent was asked to state in his own words what he liked and didn't like about being in the Job Corps: PAGENO="0395" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 391 52. LIKES AND DISLIKES ABOUT JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges __%_ % Likes Tearning trade 25 29 24 23 Education 21 24 21 19 Meeting newpeople 21 27 19 15 Liked other Corpsmen 17 20 15 17 Uked counselors 15 18 14 8 Liked center itself 15 18 12 18 Dances, recreation 15 9 17 19 Sports activities 14 13 14 17 Trips taken away from home 14 19 12 16 Independent 12 16 9 15 Foodwasgood 10 9 9 11 Weekend passes 6 6 6 5 Good treatment, friendliness- 5 7 4 6 Taught how to dress and act 4 5 4 2 Freetime 3 4 2 2 Liked whole thing 7 10 5 9 Working conditions 5 4 5 7 Dislikes Fights, stealing and trouble 33 23 41 26 Too strict, felt like pison 19 22 16 19 Racial strife 11 6 15 16 Didn't teach what wanted to learn - 10 8 10 15 Foodbad 9 9 9 9 Barracks bad 6 3 8 3 Not enough recreational facilities 5 5 6 4 Was homesick 5 6 5 5 Trouble with towns-people 5 6 6 1 Didn't like work doing 6 5 7 7 Toolittlepay 5 4 5 8 Curfew too early 5 4 6 5 Didn't like instructor 5 3 7 4 Didn't keep promises 4 5 4 4 Didn't like it at all 4 2 5 6 All other 16 12 19 7 PAGENO="0396" 392 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 53. "Learning a trade", "getting an education" and "meeting new people" top the list of likes, with graduates mentioning each of these items more often than dropouts or discharges. Observation: It is interesting that the only major items in which the dropouts and discharges lead the graduates are "dances, recreation" and sports activities". This is a measure of both their disenchantment with Job Corps troinng and of their some- what weaker motivation. The major dislike was "fights, stealing, and trouble". Each type of termination mentioned this first, but for the dropouts it was clearly the dominant concern. The second most important dislike is the feeling that the rules are too strict and that there is too much discipline. Racial hostility is next - over one in five of the whites said there were "too many Negroes" in the center, that they felt outnumbered. Only one in ten volunteered that they were not being taught what they wanted to learn. Observation: A point that was mode in a previous study of dropouts is worth ~Oating here: one of the ma jor problems most of the Corpsmen face in the centers is that of fighting and trouble with other Corpsmen. This problem is compounded by a strong feeling of racial hostility. This hostility may be felt by both Negroes and whites but has been expressed in our surveys almost exclusively by the whites. Thefightsand the racial hostility are the major factors in the dropout's decision to leave. The difficulty that the Job Corps faces in dealing with these problems is com- pounded by the fact that even while ths trouble exists in the centers, another major complaint of the Corpsmen is that the rules are too strict and that there is too much discipline. PAGENO="0397" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 393 54. Reasons for leaving the Job Corps Each respondent was then handed a Ust of possible reasons for leavngthe:JobCorps: PAGENO="0398" 394 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Too many fights 26 8 Couldn't get training wanted 21 15 Generally dissatisfied 21 11 Finished course 19 49 Got homesick 16 13 Too many Negro Corpsmen 15 6 Wouldn't let me transfer to another center 9 6 Was needed at home 9 6 Could get better training elsewhere 7 6 Was asked to leave 7 1 Felt I could try it on my own 7 12 Left to get more schooling 6 9 Too much pressure from staff and teachers 5 3 Sickorhurt 4 1 Other 6 5 2 14 11 6 38 26 50 44 33 14 17 5 29 25 26 25 24 26 9 14 10 13 28 24 31 28 28 50 49 60 31 5 6 4 7 2 13 13 11 15 21 26 18 20 23 - 13 8 5 21 * 40 27 15 6 4 4 10 9 10 10 8 11 6 5 4 8 12 16 9 12 12 8 4 3 9 8 7 8 7 9* 1 1 1 1 4 6 3 3 7 REASONS FOI (Base: Graduates Dropouts Conser- Drop- Conser Total Graduates ~ White Urban valion outs ~ WF~te Urban vation % % % % % % % % % % % 12 13 15 11 5 9 8 7 11 5 4 5 6 4 4 7 6 3 4 4 3 5 5~ 6 4 5 4 1 - 1 1 4 3 5 4 3 6 5 3 5 6 6 5 6 7 PAGENO="0399" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 395 55. LEAVING JOB CORPS Total) Sex/Fype of Center Race Age Length of Time in Job Corps Dis- Conser- Under 20 Un~Jer3 3-6 Over 6 ~s Men Urban vation Women~ WhUe ~ or older months months months % % % % % % % % % % % % % 21 27 31 23 13 17 38 41 25 17 40 26 9 18 21 17 26 11 20 22 20 21 21 28 22 11 18 22 20 22 9 18 25 30 20 16 35 18 9 5 17 24 11 47 20 17 7 18 28 - 16 51 6 17 16 18 13 18 16 22 17 11 20 17 11 13 15 19 12 11 * 33 25 16 8 20 15 8 10 9 8 11 6 10 8 11 8 9 10 10 6 6 9 .8 10 11 11 8 10 9 9 10 11 5 5 7 5 8 4 6 7 6 8 6 8 7 3 37 8 7 9 2 11 3 8 8 6 7 10 3 5 7 9 6 2 7 8 4 8 9 2 8 12 3 6 6 6 4 5 7 7 7 4 4 9 3 7 5 5 5 2 6 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 11 3 3 4 6 3 4 4 3 5 4 4 1 5 5 5 6 11 5 6 5 7 5 5 6 6 PAGENO="0400" 396 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 56. For the graduates, the main reason given is that they had finished their course. It is interesting that 60 percent in urban centers and only 31 percent in Conservation centers cited course completion, while 29 percent in Conservation centers said they left because they couldn't get the training they wanted compared with only 5 percent in urban centers. Negro dropouts left primarily because they could not get the training they wanted, because of the fights and because they became homesick. White dropouts left primarily because of the fights and the fact that there were too many Negroes in the center. Relatively more men left because of the fights and more women because of poor job training. But the primary reason the women left was that they had finished their course (47 percent). The younger Corpsmen (under 18) were more likely to have left because of fights or general dissatisfaction than were those over 18. The longer someone stayed in the Job Corps, the more likely he is to say he left be- cause he finished his course or that he felt he could try it on his own and the less likely he is to have left because of poor training, fights or being generally dissatisfied. PAGENO="0401" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 397 57. Observation: It is clear that the longer a Corpsman stays in the center,the more he will benefit~Trom his experience. Not only is he more likely to finish a course and feel he has received enough training to get a job but also that he now has the ability to face society on his own. Later we will see that this sense of confidence leads this group to the highest rate of current employment. 80-084 0 - 67 - 26 PAGENO="0402" PAGENO="0403" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 399 58. POST-JOB CORPS EXPERIENCE PAGENO="0404" 400 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 59. Relocation On leaving the Job Corps, 15 percent said they did not return to the home they had been living in before they joined. Currently, of the total group, 31 percent are not at their pre-Job Corps home: PAGENO="0405" ECONOMIC OPPORTUN~ITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 401 60. RELOCATION Where Living Now (Base: Total) Different Neighbor- hood Same Town Different Town, City Rural Area 69 11 11 9 T~ ~7T___iT___ ____ 67 16 10 7 8 7 Pre-Job Corps Home Total ~F~2t,ates Dropouts Discharges Returned To Same Home (Base: Total) 85 86 87 Some Neighbor- hood Sex Men Women 86 79 70 65 11 12 11 16 Race Tlegro 88 75 11 9 5 White * 82 59 13 14 14 Age Dnderl8 90 77 9 9 5 18-19 85 68 13 11 8 2Oand over 83 66 10 12 12 Length of Time in Job Corps . 90 77 9 9 5 - Less than ~ months 3-6 months 85 68 12 9 11 More than 6 months 80 62 10 17 11 Ré~Ton FT~th 80 65 15 12 8 North Central 84 68 11 9 13 South 89 74 9 11 6 West 77 55 15 13 17 S1±é of Place Large Metro 92 77 9 10 4 Small Metro 85 69 12 13 6 Non-Metro 83 66 11 8 15 PAGENO="0406" 402 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEWPS OF 1967 61. There is little difference between graduates, dropouts and discharges on relocation. Women moved more than men and whites more than Negroes. The older the Corpsman is and the longer he stayed in the Job Corps,the more likely he is to have relocated. Regionally, the West had the highest percentage who moved, the South the lowest. Corpsmen in non-metropolitan areas tended to relocate more than Corpsmen from urban areas. Almost one in ten indicated they had moved to a different city, town or rural area. This type of move was highest for those living in non-metropolitan areas. The main reason the Corpsmen moved was to be with relatives: WHY MOVED FROM PRE-JOB CORPS HOME (Base: Not at pre-Job Corps home = 31%) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges -~--- % -e7~_- %~ To be with relatives, wife 28 24 33 23 To be on my own 19 16 20 27 Moved to better house 16 20 13 23 Got married 11 12 11 4 Easier toget towork 10 16 7 4 Stayed with relative looking for job 8 11 6 4 Moved to cheaper place 4 4 4 4 Other 4 1 7 15 PAGENO="0407" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 403 62. The graduates are more likely to have moved because it was easier to get to work or they were looking for a job while staying with relatives than either dropouts.or discharges. Job Corps Contacts Since Leaving the Center Four in ten of the Corpsmen have kept in touch with someone they knew in the center: KEPT IN TOUCH WITH ANYONE FROM CENTER Kept in Touch With Whom (Base: Total) (Base: Kept in touch = 40%) Yes Total __%_ __%_ Total 40 Other Corpsmen 81 U~3Dates 53 Resident worker or cadre supervisor 14 Grad-Negro 63 Teacher 12 Grad-White 46 Vocational or work supervisor 7 Dropouts 35 Other 10 Dropout-Negro 40 Note: Figures add to more than 100% because Dropout-White 29 some respondents gave more than one answer. Discharges 23 Sex/Type of Center Men 36 Urban-male 39 Conservation-male 35 Women 82 Rice Negro 44 White 33 Age Under 18 23 18-19 44 20 and over 46 Length of Time in Job Corps * Less than 3 months 21 3-6 months 42 More than 6 months 61 PAGENO="0408" 404 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 63. Graduates are more likely to have kept in touch than dropouts or discharges. Negroes have maintained more contacts than whites. A surprisingly high 82 percent of women say they have kept in touch with someone from the center. The longer someone was in the Job Corps the more likely he is to have maintained contact. In the great majority of cases the contact has been with another Corpsman. Readjustment Allowance Just under one third of the August 1 966 terminations said they had not received their readjustment allowance: WHAT D1D WITH READJUSTMENT ALLOWANCE * (Base: Total) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges ~ % %__ Not yet received it 32 13 41 38 Spent on myself 30 39 25 26 Gave it to parents 19 22 17 17 Putinbank 12 20 9 7 Bought a car 6 14 2 3 Other 6 3 8 3 Notsure 3 1 2 8 * Note: Figures add to more than 100% as some respondents gave more than one answer. PAGENO="0409" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 405 64. Most of the graduates, however have received their money. Even though a list of possible ways of using the readjustment allowance was read to each respondent, the largest percentage of each group volunteered that `they spent it on themselves. What Did Immediately After Job Corps Sixty percent of the Corpsmen found a job immediately after leaving the Job Corps: 80-084 O2~i2 PAGENO="0410" 406 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 WHAT DID IMMEDIATELY AFTER JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 65. Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation )ropouts Dropout- Negro Dropout-White Dropout-Urban Dropout-Conservation Discharges Current Status Working In school Unemployed Working % 60 59 60 56 57 62 -~- 66 59 67 59 51 67 41 54 59 61 60 48 62 65 Current Status In school Unemployed % % ___________ Other % 11 27 4 10 28 3 15 25 6 12 24 6 14 23 2 T0 2T 9 25 3 12 28 4 12 21 5 8 _________ 33 2 9 36 -~ 2 2 5 4 9 3 5 13 27 11 25 7 32 4 6 3 22 28 4 10 26 4 4 28 4 8 48 8 24 17 34 Sex Men 61 11 26 Women 43 9 40 Race Negro 62 10 27 White 57 12 28 Length of Trme in Job Corps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months Tfl~Jer 18 18-19 20 or over ~Note: Approximately 2 percent were both working and in-school.. PAGENO="0411" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 407 66. There is little difference in immediate post-Job Corps employment between the graduates and the dropouts. The discharges lag behind the other two groups. More men than women found a job rght after leaving the center. While age is a significant factor with the younger Corpsman more likely to be in school and the older Corpsman more likely to be working, the combined total of those working orin school (or both) does not vary by age. Over half of those now unemployed said they had a job immediately after leaving the Job Corps. Of the 11 percent who went to school right after leaving the center, over half (55 percent) report they are still in school. Among those working, the median hourly rate showed an increase of $. ~5 over the pre-Job Corps rate: PAGENO="0412" 408 ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 67. HOURLY RATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER LEAVING JOB CORPS (Bose: Working right after leaving Job = 60%) Total Graduate Dropouts Discharges -~-- % 1.00 10 6 11 17 1 .00 - 1 .25 33 34 33 36 1.26-1.50 26 24 29 19 1.51 -1.75 12 11 11 10 1.76-2.00 7 10 7 2 2.01-2.25 6 6 5 10 Over2.25 6 9 4 6 Median $1.32 $1.35 $1.30 $1.23 Change from pre-Job Corps $+. 15 $+.21 $+.1 1 $+.08 The graduates moved ahead of the dropouts. Their median pay rate increased by $.21 compared with $.11 for the dropouts and $08 for the discharges. Only one in ten of those working said they found their job with direct placement assistance from the Job Corps: PAGENO="0413" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 409 68. HOW FOUND JOB RIGHT AFTER JOB CORPS (Base: Working right after leaving Job Corps = 60%) Through On my State Job Corps own employment Other % -~7;-- % Total 10 34 16 40 ~~3~ates 21 25~ Dropouts 4 40 13 43 Discharges 4 27 55 Sex 9 34 16 41 Women 20 25 15 40 length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 4 39 11 46 3-6 months 5 35 18 42 More than 6 months 26 25 18 31 Graduates received much more placement help from the Job Corps than dropouts or discharges. Women received more help than men. Unless the Corpsman was in the Job Corps for more than six months he received almost no placement help. Observation: With only o~e in five of the graduates and one in four of those in centers more than six months placed through the Job Corps, there is clear evidence that follow-up and placement has not been as adequate as it might be (or at least that it was indequate in August and September of 1 966). Finding jobs for the dropouts and discharges who did not complete their training, s certainly difficult. The fact remains, however, that these youth received almost no direct placement help from the Job Corps~ PAGENO="0414" 410 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Number of Jobs Since Leaving the Job Corps Only one in ten hos not worked at all Since leaving the Job Corps: NUMBER OF JOBS SINCE LEAVING JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 69. Total Gi~2t~ates Dropouts Discharges Women More than None One Two Three Four four -~-- __%_ -~ ___%_ -~--- % 10 40 29 13 5 3 ~ 2V T~ 3 7. 9 38 27 15 6 5 IT 39 35 11 T - 10 15 38 51 29 26 14 2 5 6 4 - Race N~o 10 .44 29 12 3 2 White 10 36 29 14 6 5 #~ge Under 18 18-19 20 and over Length_of Time in Job_Lorps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months 19 31 26 16 7 39 30 14 8 46 30 10 14 36 29 14 9 41 28 13 6 45 33 10 3 5 6 4 5 4 3 6 3 3 3 PAGENO="0415" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 411 70. Half of the Corpsmen have had more than one job. Dropouts have switched jobs more often than graduates or discharges. Observation: The longer a Corpsman stays in the Job Corps, the more likely he is to have worked since leaving the center and the less likely he is to have changed jobs. Longer exposure to the Job Corps thus leads to higher rate of employment and greater job stability. Almost one quarter of the Corpsmen were asked to leave a job: ASK TO LEAVE JOB (Base: Worked since Job Corps = 90%) Asked to leave Total 23 ~~2i~ates 19 Dropouts 25 Discharges 1 9 Dropouts have been asked to leave a job more often than graduates or discharges. Current Status Overall, the number working or in school has not changed from the period just before entering the Job Corps: PAGENO="0416" 412 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 71. CURRENT STATUS (Base: Total) Working In school Unemployed Other % % % Total 57 11 36 1 ~2tates 66 V 2~ Grad-Negro 72 8 24 - Grad-White 60 10 35 1 Grad-Urban 69 9 28 - Grad-Conservation 67 9 26 - Dropouts 52 11 40 2 Dropout-Negro Dropout-White Dropout-Urban 53 51 53 12 1 3 13 41 42 42 - 3 - Dropout-Conservation 54 10 41 - Discharges 55 10 37 - 5i5/Type of Center Men 57 11 37 * Urban-Male 58 11 37 - Conservation-Male . . 57 11 36 Women 51 11 29 13 Race Negro 58 9 35 - White 54 12 39 2 Lengtlr of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 49 14 43 1 3-6 months 56 11 36 1 More than 6 months 69 7 27 1 Region North 74 11 23 1 North Central 58 11 37 1 South 57 10 36 1 West 35 17 52 2 Age Under 18 44 17 45 - 18-19 60 9 34 1 2Oand'over 61 8 34 1 Moved Same neighborhood 54 9 33 5 Different neighborhood 66 12 31 - Different city 64 10 28 - Didnt Move 55 11 38 1 *Note 1: Approximately 5 per cent are both working and in school. PAGENO="0417" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 413 72. *Note 2: If the 7 percent of all contacts who are in the military were included, the overall figures would look as follows: Total -%- Working 53 In school 10 In military 7 Unemployed 34 Other 1 Two thirds of the graduates are now working compared with just over half of the dropouts and discharges. Negro graduates are working significantly more than white graduates. Men are working more than the women. There is little difference between those from urban centers and those from Conservation centers. Older Corpsmen are working more but going to school less than the younger Corpsmen. The longer a Corpsman stayed in the Job Corps the more likely he s to be working. The following table presents the percentage point change in the number working now and in school now compared with their pre-Job Corps status: 80-084 0 - 67 - 27 PAGENO="0418" 414 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 73. CHANGE IN STATUS (Base: Total) Working now In school now Working before Job Corps T~chool before Job ~ Total ~2tiates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Dropouts Dropout-Negro Dropout-White Dropout-Urban Dropout-Conservation Discharges SexfType of Center Men Urban-Male Conservation-Male Women Race Negro White L~ngth of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months -3 +2 -5 +11 +18 +15 -5 -18 44 -7 -2 +2 +4 +4 +9 +5 +2 -9 +1 -10 -2 +4 -7 +13 +1 +1 +2 -2 +3 +4 +5 +1 +3 +1 +3 +2 +1 +1 Rigion North North Central South West ~i- Under 18 - 18-19 -1 20 and over +4 Moved Same neighborhood Different neighborhood -10 +7 +3 +3 Different city -4 +5 Didnt Move -1 - PAGENO="0419" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 415 74. The graduates have gained five points in the percentage employed while the dropouts have slid four points and the discharges slid one point. Relatively ther~ the graduates have gained nine points over the dropouts. Women have gained 13 points while men have lost two points.. Those in the Job Corps over six months who are now working have increased eleven percentage points while those in under three months who are now working have declined one point. Re~ionally, the North had the largest gain in employment, while the West dropped the most (The loss in the West is somewhat offset by an increase in the number going to school). Relocation presents a mixed picture: those who moved within the same neighborhood or to a. different city show a decline in employment, while those who moved to a different neighborhood within the same city show an increase in employment. All of those who moved show a gain in the number now attending school. Observation: While most of the shifts are not~large and, in total, there has been no significanU~hift, it is clear that the graduates and those in the Job Corps for the longest time have been able to improve their situation while the dropouts and those in for a short period of time have lost ground. Type of Job Compared with pre-Job Corps occupations there has been a decline in the number working. in service occupations and an.increase in clerical work, machine trades and structural work:. PAGENO="0420" 416 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Graduates TYPE (Base: Working Total Graduates ~ White Urban % % % % %* Professional, Technical and Managerial 5 8 Clerical andSales 8 11 Service 25 26 Farming, Fisheiy, Forestry and Related work 3 1 Processing 7 8 Machine Trades 10 11 Bench Work 7 6 Structural Work 10 9 Miscellaneous 25 20 9 5 7 14 8 11 32 16 19 - 3 - 5 11 5 10 13 17 7 6 6 7 11 8 16 27 27 PAGENO="0421" 4 3 32 3 13 6 8 13 18 7 4 26 - 6 48 26 25 26 3 4 - 9 7 - 9 11 - 9 7 - 9 11 - 28 25 - ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1 9~ 7 .417 75. OF JOB now = 57%) ____________ Dropouts Sex Conservation Dropouts Negro White Urban Conservation Discharges Men Women % % % % % % % % % 3 5 1 2 4 8 9 6 9 3 24 24 24 22 24 5 4 5 3 9 7 4 8 9 4 10 4 16 11 9 8 8 8 9 6 12 13 12 13 12 24 29. 20 22 29 PAGENO="0422" 418 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 76. The next table shows the current occupation of those now working by the job for which they were trained in the Job Corps: TYPE OF JOB NOW BY JOB CORPS TRAINING (Base: Working Now = 57%) Trained for in Job Corps: P~f~ssional Clerical Farming Machine Bench Struct~~T Technical Sales Service Fish Trade Work Work Present % ~_% % % % % % Occupation Professional techncal 34 10 3 - 3 - 4 Clerical, sales 15 36 8 8 5 - 3 Service 23 19 38 38 7 28 22 Farming, Fish - 4 - 3 5 3 4 Processing 8 2 3 8 6 21 11 Machine trades 4 8 13 13 20 14 4 Bench work 4 2 3 8 6 10 11 Structural work 4 - 5 11 10 10 16 Miscellaneous 8 19 27 11 28 14 25 Less than half of those currently employed are working in the occupation grouping they trained for in the Job Corps. Technical, clerical and service groups have the highest proportion in the area trained for. - Using Job Corps Training on Job Less than one quarter of those working say they are using any Job Corps training on their job: PAGENO="0423" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 419 77. USING JOB CORPS TRAINING Using What Using Training (Base: Working now and using (Base: Working now = 57%) training = 13% oF total) Yes Total -~ -ez- Total 23 What learned ~&~uate 35 Repair ma~b1~nes 18 Grad-Negro 39 Typing, adding machine 11 Grad-White 27 Cooking 10 Grad-Urban 36 Meeting others respect for others 10 Grad-Conservation 26 Hospital aide work 10 Dropouts 14 Woodworking 9 Dropout-Negro T~ Welding 6 Dropout-White 17 Learned to drive 6 Dropout-Urban 17 Everything learned helped 5 Dropout-Conservation 13 Reviewed school work 5 Discharges 23 Other 25 Sex/Type of Center Men 22 Urban-male 26 Conservation-Male 17 Women 48 Race fl~ro 25 White 20 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 5 3-6 months 21 More than 6 months 42 PAGENO="0424" 420 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 78. Many more graduates than dropouts or discharges are using Job Corps training. Negro graduates and urban center graduates are more likely to have found the training useful than white graduates or conservation center graduates. The two groups who have been most successful are women and Corpsmen who spent over six months in centers, but even with these groups less than half are using Job Corps training. Machine repairs and clerical skills are the items most mentioned as being useful. How Got Current Job Only 6 percent of those now working said they got their current job with direct placement help from the Job Corps: HOW GOT CURRENT JOB (Base: Working Now = 57%) Through On State Job Corps My Own Employment Agency Other % % % % Total 6 22 18 54 Graduates 9 22 Dropouts 4 22 14 60 Discharges 4 16 18 62 Sex Men 6 23 17 54 Women 9 5 32 54 Length of Time in Job Corps_ Less than 3 months 3 20 * 12 65 3-6 months 4 24 15 57 More than 6 months 11 20 28 31 PAGENO="0425" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 421 79. Very few used the Job Corps directly (including graduates and those who were in for over six months). More used the state employment agency to help find their current job than they did for the job found immediately after leaving the Job Corps. Length of Time on Job -- Number of Raises The median length of time on the current job is 2.4 months: NUMBER OF MONTHS ON JOB (Base: Working Now 57%) Less than 1-3 4-6 More than 1 month months months 6 months Median % % % % % Total 22 35 37 6 2.4months Graduates 22 32 41 5 2.6 Dropouts 20 37 34 9 2.4 Discharges 28 32 38 2 2.1 Graduates have been on the job slightly longer than the dropouts or discharges. They have also received more raises: PAGENO="0426" 422' ECONOMIC~ OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 RECEIVED ANY RAISES (Base: Working Now57%) 80. Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Sex/rype of Center Men Urban~MaIes ConservatiorrMales Women None One Two Three More than Three % % % % % 61 28 7 3 1 57 30 8 4 1 62 27 8 2 1 69 26 3 2 - 61 29 7 2 1 56 32 10 2 * 63 26 6 3 2 74 13 9 4 - Men have received more raises than women and urban center Cropsmen more raises than conservation center Corpsmen: Number of Hours Worked The number of hours worked per week has shown a slight decline from the pre-Job Corps level: PAGENO="0427" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 423 81. NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED PER WEEK (Base: Working Now =57%) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Men Women ~ White % % % % % % % % Under 17 7 4 11 3 7 - 5 10 17-29 2 1 3 3 2 - 2 3 25-32 7 5 10 5 6 22 8 7 33-40 53 64 44 46 53 65 55 49 41 or more 31 26 32 43 32 13 30 31 Not sure - - - - - - - - Median Hours 37.1 37.0 36.7 38.8 37.3 35.5 37.1 36.9 Change -.5 -.7 -.5 -.2 -.4 +4.8 - -1.2 Observation: The women, starting from the lowest level, are the only groups who have shown an increase in the number of hours worked. Hourly Pay Rate . Overall, the median pay rate of those now working is $1.42 an increase of $.25 from the pre-Job Corps rate: PAGENO="0428" 424 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Kelocaflon Moved-same neighborhood 2 21 24 16 Moved-different neighborhood 2 19 30 15 Moved-different town 11 5 21 15 Didn't move 8 23 35 16 82. HOURLY PAY RATE (Base: Working now = 57%) Change from Under $1.01 $1.26 $1.51 $1.76 $2.01 Over Pre-Job $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00 $2.25 $2.25 Median Corps % % % % % % % % _____~_% Total 7 20 33 16 1.48 + .34 Graduate 4 17 32 20 9 8 11 1.49 + .33 Grad-Negro 1 22 28 19 12 7 8 8 1.44 + *33 Grad-White 10 12 37 22 1.57 + .41 Grad-Urban 3 13 28 22 9 9 16 4 1 .44 + .30 Grad-Conservation 6 18 34 20 11 7 10 1.40 + .21 Dropout 9 21 33 14 6 2 5 8 1.38 + .20 Dropout-Negro 9 22 37 17 9 11 1.43 + .26 Dropout-White Dropout-Urban Dropout-Conservation Discharges 9 5 13 7 20 20 28 30 29 32 35 31 12 16 12 14 10 8 4 4 7 6 5 12 7 9 1.45 1.35 1 .~35 + .26 + .17 + .20 S~ex/1ype of Center 7 10 1 .44 + .27 Men 6 20 32 17 8 Urban 4 16 30 19 8 8 15 6 1.50 1.38 + .32 + .22 Conservation 10 22 35 14 7 6 + .23 Women 13 30 35 4 - 9 9 1 .42 1.42 + .25 + .27 Race: Negro 5 23 32 17 6 10 White 10 18 32 15 8 10 7 Age Under 18 7 5 1 .35 12 26 30 18 5 4 + + .25 .26 18-19 6 21 34 15 6 8 10 .25 20and over 6 18 31 16 10 7 12 1.46 Length of Time in Job Corps .39 + .24 Less than 3 months 7 24 33 14 8 5 9 .23 3-6 months 8 22 34 16 6 6 8 1.40 More than ómonths 5 14 31 17 10 9 14 1.50 + Region .34 North 2 12 31 26 9 7 13 1.55 North Central - 19 17 13 13 15 23 1 .77 + .55 .23 South 11 23 39 14 5 4 4 1.35 + .24 West 3 27 17 13 7 13 20 1.56 + 7 18 11 1.55 + .41 15 2 17 1.49 +.33 11 14 23 1.47 ÷ .15 6 5 7 1.44 ÷.29 PAGENO="0429" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 425 *83. Graduates have had a larger increase in median hourly rate than either dropouts or discharges~ Urban center graduates have shown the the largest increase. Generally Corpsmen from urbancenters do better than Corpsmen from Conservation centers. The longer someone stayed in the Job Corps the greater the increase in his hourly rate~ Regionally, Corpsmen in the North Central region had by far the largest increase in pay rate. Observation: Longer stays in the centers and completion of a training course have clearly helped the graduates. Compared with dropouts and discharges, they are working more, more likely to be using their Job Corps training and, as result have had a larger increase in pay rate. Chance for Job Advancement Over half the August 1966 terminations who are now working feel they have a good chance for advancement: PAGENO="0430" 426 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 84. CHANCE FOR ADVANCEMENT ON JOB (Base: Working now = 57%) Pretty Sort of Good Dead End Not sure % % % Total Graduate 54 ~ 35 ~5 11 ~ Dropout 52 37 11 Discharges 58 29 13 Sex/type of Center Men 55 34 11 Urban - 60 33 7 Conservation 49 37 14 Women 39 52 9 Race Negro 57 33 10 White 50 38 12 1~~th of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 50 37 13 3 -ómonths 55 36 9 More than 6 months 56 33 11 Men are more confident of their chances than are women (over half the women say their job is a sort of dead end). Urban center Corpsmen are more optimistic than those from Conservation centers. Observation: The question on advancement possibilities elicits the hopes of the corpsman at least as much as it does a rational appraisal of their situation, It is not surprising, then that there is little difference in the responses of the graduates, dropouts and discharges. PAGENO="0431" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 427 85. In School Now Of the 11 percent who are back in school, two thirds say they are in high school: (Base: In school now = 11%) Type of school * School grade % High school 66 3 Trade school 7 14 College 7 15 Vocational 18 training 19 21 Other 5 5 24 *Fiqures add up to more than 100% as some respondents gave more than 1 answer. Half of those back in school expect to finish within one year. Almost nine in ten (87%) feel that school is now worth while. This compares with less than seven in ten (69%) who felt their earlier schooling was worthwhile. Just under half said the Job Corps helped a lot in preparing them to go back to school: 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Higher 12th Not sure How Long to Complete school % Less than 1 year~ 36 lyear *14 2years 25 3years 9 More than 3 years 8 Not sure 8 PAGENO="0432" 428 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967. 86. DID JOB CORPS HELP PREPARE YOU FOR SCHOOL (Base: In school now = 11%) Total Graduate Dropout Discharge % % % % Helped a lot 47 70 41 30 Helped some 24 13 25 40 Didn't make much difference 27 17 30 30 Notsure 2 - 4 - Observation: While only a small percentage of the August 1966 terminations are back in school, it is obvious that the Job Corps provided an impetus for them to return. Thh is particularly true of the graduates. Unemployed Now Only one fifth of those now unemployed have been out of work since leaving the Job Corps: WHAT DOING JUST BEFORE UNEMPLOYED (Base: Unemployed now = 36%) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Men Urban Conservation Women -s;;- % % % ~ % % In Job Corps 20 25 19 19 19 16 21 38 Inschool 4 1 5 6 4 3 4 8 Working 74 73 74 72 75 79 73 54 Other 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 - PAGENO="0433" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 429 87. A higher percentage of currently unemployed graduates than unemployed dropouts or discharges have been out of work since leaving the centers. Almost four in ten of the unemployed women have not worked since the Job Corps. The median length of time unemployed is 2.2 months: HOW LONG UNEMPLOYED (Base: Unemployed now 36%) In Job Corps Under3 3- 6 Overó Total Graduate Dropout Discharges months Months months % ~ %~ %~ % % % Less than 1 month 34 35 35 32 30 37 36 1 - 3 months 41 41 39 43 39 41 45 4 - 6 months 18 20 18 17 24 15 13 Over six months 7 4 8 8 7 7 6 Median months 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.9 The longer the unemployed Corpsman was in the Job Corps, the shorter the period he s likely to have been out of work. Two thirds of the unemployed are trying to get a job: 80-084 0 - 67 - 28 PAGENO="0434" 430 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 88. WHAT TRYING TO DO NOW (Base: Unemployed now = 36%) Total Graduate Dropout Discharges Urban Conservation Negro White -t5z-___ % - % % ~ ____% Geta job 64 68 66 52 67 58 65 66 Get into Armed Forces 7 6 9 3 9 7 4 11 Rejoin the Job Corps 14 18 10 25 7 22 18 9 Get into school 4 1 4 3 7 1 4 3 Other 6 4 7 3 7 4 5 7 Doing nothing 5 3 4 14 3 8 5 4 One in seven is trying to rejoin the Job Corps. The discharges are most interested in rejoining. Negroes more than whites and conservation center Corpsmen more than urban center Corpsmen are interested in getting back into the Job Corps. Among those looking for a job only 8 percent are being helped by the Job Corps (graduates - fifteen percent, dropouts - four percent, discharges - six percent~. Observation: It is clear once again that few of these ex-Corpsmen look to the Job Corps - f~j1acement help. Interest in Armed Forces One quarter of the Corpsmen have -tried to join the Armed Forces and of this group 2? percent passed bath the physical and mental tests: PAGENO="0435" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 431 89. TRIED TO ENTER ARMED FORCES Tried to Enter Passed Physical and Armed Forces Mental Tests (Base: Total ) (Base:Tried to EnterArmed Forces 25%) % % Total 25 27 Graduates 28 Grad-Negro 21 25 Grad-White 36 42 Grad-Urban 34 49 Grad-Conservation 25 20 Dropouts 23 21 Dropout-Negro 20 11 Dropout-White 27 27 Dropout-Urban 24 30 Dropout-Conservation 27 11 Discharges 25 25 Sex/Type of Center Men 26 27 Urban 26 36 Conservation 27 18 Women 2 Race Negro 21 - ~ White 30 32 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 29 22 3-6 months 25 26 More than 6 months 20 35 Graduates have tried to enter the Armed Forces slightly more than dropouts or discharges. More whites than Negroes and more of those in the Job Corps under three months than those in for a longer period of time have.tried to join. PAGENO="0436" 432 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 90. Graduates have had more success in passing the physical and mental tests than dropouts or discharges. The urban graduates have had the greatest success. Sixty-eight percent of the graduates are either lÀ or 1Y compared with 44 percent of the dropouts and 58 percent of the discharges. SELECTIVE SERVICE CLASSIFICATION - (Base: Men 95%) Total Graduate Dropout Discharges % % % % Now 29 39 24 29 1Y 24 29 20 29 4F 15 11 16 19 Other 8 4 8 9 None 20 14 26 8 Don't know 4 3 6 6 Among those whose draft classification changed since the period before going into the Job Corps, (22%) the classification of graduates has tended to be raised, while for the dropouts, it has declined: PAGENO="0437" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 433 91. CHANGE IN SELECTIVE SERVICE CLASSIFICATION (Base: Men 95%) Total Graduate Dropout Discharges % % % % Did not change 72 69 73 66 Changed 22 27 20 24 Was Is Was Is Was Is Was Is IA 9 10 7 16 11 7 9 12 1Y 3 6 6 7 2 5 1 6 4F 2 4 2 1 1 5 3 6. Other 2 1 1 2 3 3 - 2 None 6 - 10 - 3 - 9 - Don't know * 1 1 1 * * 2 - Not sure 6 4 7 10 Value of Job Corps Experience More than half of the August 1966 terminations feel they are better off now than they were before they went into the Job Corps: PAGENO="0438" 434 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF~ 1967 BETTER OFF OR WORSE OFF NOW COMPARED WITH BEFORE JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 92. Better Off Worse Off About the Same Not Sure % % % Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Dropouts Dropout-Negro Dropout-White DropoutUrban - -- ~t-Conservation Discharaes ~7i~pe ot Lenter Men Urban-Male Conservation-Male Women 56 16 25 71 10 19 71 8 21 73 9 18 77 ~6 17 64 15 21 48 19 28 45 23 28 51 16 27 52 17 26 46 ______ 21 _________ 27 49 21 26 3 5 4 6 5 6 4 56 16 25 3 61 13 23 3 51 20 25 4 62 13 23 2 Race Negro 54 18 26 2 White 58 14 24 4 Age * Underl8 18-19 48 59 19 15 27 23 6 3 20and over 57 16 25 2 length of Time in Job Corps less than 3 months 44 20 31 5 3-6 months 55 17 24 4 More than 6 months 74 9 16 1 PAGENO="0439" * ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF* 1967 435 - 93. Three quarters of the Corpsmen who were in centers for more thon six months feel they are now better off compared with less than half of those who were in for less than three months. Significantly more graduates than dropouts or discharges feel they are now better off. Observation: There is clear evidence that a successful stay in the Job Corps can improve a youths chances~ The graduates and those in centers over six months have not only improved their employment situation and their pay rate more than the other groups, but they also sense this improvement. Whether these groups will maintain their advantage in the future is a question that, at this point, cannot be answered. It must also be remembered that the graduates represented only 32 percent of the August 1966 terminations. The other 68 percent have not done as well as the graduates since leaving the Job Corps. If the Job Corps is to be a real success, the completion rate must be significantly increased. - Follow up placement procedures must also be improved. For the value of the training the Corpsmen receive, whether or not they finicli a course, is wasted if they cannot find a job in which they can apply what they have learned. PAGENO="0440" PAGENO="0441" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 437 94. ACTIVITIES AND INVOLVEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY PAGENO="0442" 438 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 95. Leisure Activities Each respondent was shown a list of various leisure activities and was asked how often he had participated in each of these activities since leaving the Job Corps. The following table presents the percentage of each group involved in each activity on a regular basis: PAGENO="0443" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 439 96. ACTIVITIES DO OFTEN (Base: Total) SAge Grad- Drop- Dis- Race Sex Under 20 and Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women 18 18-19 over -ak-- __%___ _%__ % ____%_ ~% ~% ~% ~ ~ Music ~Listen to jazz 36 31 38 40 44 24 37 25 34 40 32 Listen to Rock'n Roll 63 62 67 53 67 58 64 61 65 69 54 Listen to folk music 8 5 11 8 3 15 9 2 10 8 8 Listen to classical or - semi-classical 9 10 8 8 10 7 8 14 5 10 10 Listen to country or ` western 12 9 14 12 3 25 12 7 12 13 11 Play musical instrument 11 11 10 10 11 9 11 2 10 13 8 Amusements Go to movies 27 28 27 26 29 24 26 34 25 28 26 Go to plays 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 - 1 4 4 Go to concerts 4 4 4 7 6 2 4 7 6 4 4 Visit museum/art gallery 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 4 Go to night clubs 11 11 9 13 14 6 11 14 6 11 15 Gamble 5 4 5 9 5 6 5 5 5 8 2 Watch TV 64 64 64 61 62 67 67 63 73 64 64 Gotoparties 33 Go dancing 31 34 31 35 34 29 23 37 35 29 26 34 31 30 32 32 31 40 35 25 26 Hang around 20 11 26 22 19 22 21 11 31 19 14 Playchess, checkers,etc.13 11 16 6 15 10 13 7 13 14 11 Drink beer, liquor 6 4 8 6 7 6 7 - 5 6 8 Read Books Comic books 14 10 16 14 14 14 14 16 15 14 13 Mystery, detective 12 10 13 11 10 15 11 14 9 13 11 Novels 8 10 7 4 8 7 8 7 4 8 9 Scientific/technical 8 12 9 - 8 10 8 9 6 9 9 History or biography 10 13 9 8 13 5 11 2 8 12 8 Poetry 5 5 5 5 .6 2 5 7 4 3 8 Continued PAGENO="0444" 440. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF' 1967 ACTIVITIES DO OFTEN (cont) (Base: Total) 97. Age Grad- Drop- Dis- Race Sex Under 20 and Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women 18 18-19 over -~-- -5,7;- -s7~- ~% -~-- -~s,ç ~ -~-- ~ ~ ~ Read Magazines Girlie Adventure News Trade Intellectual Women's Movie, record store Love story Sports Play pool Play golf Go swimming Go bowling Play team sports Go fishing 7 7 8 8 8 6 8 5 6 8 7 9 9 9 7 9 9 9 5 8 10 7 16 18 17 10 19 13 16 20 10 19 18 16 17 17 10 14 18 17 - 21 17 11 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 - 1 2 1 4 4 5 1 5 2 2 30 1 3 7 8 6 9 13 9 8 8 20 6 11 7 7 5 8 8 8 5 5 27 2 8 8 37 27 41 40 40 32 39 9 42 40 27 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 - 1 3 4 24 18 28 23 22 29 25 11 31 28 15 13 13 14 10 12 15 13 11 13 15 10 31 29 28 40 40 18 33 5 31 34 27 11 8 14 7 9 6 12 5 17 10 8 Other ~Go out on dates 43 48 42 36 45 40 43 45 37 44 46 Participate in Civil Rights 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 - 1 3 1 Pleasure trips 14 11 16 14 13 15 14 14 13 15 13 Read newspapers 48 54 47 42 52 42 46 66 36 47 58 PAGENO="0445" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 441 98. Listening to Rock'n Roll, watching television, reading newspapers and going out on dates are the major activities of these ex-Corpsmen. Generally, the graduates, dropouts, and discharges are similar in the frequency of participating in most of the activities. The graduates are somewhat more directed, however, they "just hang around" and "play pool "a good deal less than do the other groups and go out on dates somewhat more. This is also a reflection of the higher age level of the graduates. Religious Attendance Each respondent was asked how often he attended church services before entering the Job Corps, during his stay in the Job Corps and since leaving: PAGENO="0446" PAGENO="0447" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 443 99. RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE (Base: Total) Attendance Before Attendance While Attendance Job Corps at Job Corps Now Regu- Occasion- Nev_I Regu- Occasion- Nev_~Regu_ Occasion- Nev- ar ally er lar ally er lar ally er -~-- % ~-1 -~- ~ -ez--- ~ % -%- Total 30 55 15 22 37 41 25 43 32 ~i~3tates 31 56 13 28 45 27 28 41 31 Dropouts 30 53 17 18 34 48 24 42 34 Discharges 33 54 13 26 28 46 24 44 32 Sex Men 28 56 16 22 37 41 24 42 34 Women 59 36 5 30 36 34 43 41 16 Race Negro 31 59 10 White 30 49 21 24 41 35 20 33 47 26 48 26 24 35 41 Type of Center Urban 27 56 17 Conservation 31 55 14 17 40 43 27 37 36 22 44 34 26 40 34 Age Under 18 26 54 20 18-19 30 58 12 20 and aver 34 51 15 15 37 48 23 36 40 26 39 35 ~- 19 41 40 25 46 29 29 39 32 Length of Time in Job corps Less than 3 months 28 54 18 11 25 64 23 42 35 3-6 months 31 54 15 26 39 35 26 42 32 More than 6 months 34 55 11 30 49 21 28 43 29 PAGENO="0448" 444 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 100. Church attendance declined while in the Job Corps and then rose after the Corpsmen returned home although not to the pre-Job Corps level. Those in the Job Corps less than three months showed by far the greatest decline in religious attendance. Observation: The change of environment, being away from home, in many cases for the first time, the disruption of familiar patterns all play a part in the decline in attending religious services. But the longer a Corpsman stayed in the more likely he was to adjust to the new routinesand,as a result, resume going to church. Organization Membership One in ten of the August 1966 terminations belongs to a labor union, trade, or professional organization. MEMBERSHIP IN LABOR UNION, TRADE OR PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION (Base: Total) BaIang~ -~- T~t&i JQ. ~i~~5ates 12 Dropouts 10 Discharqes - Current Status Working 14 In school 5 Unemployed 7 Age Under 18 4 18..19 9 20and over 16 Region North 18 North Central 15 South 5 West 17 PAGENO="0449" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 445 101. There is little difference based on type of termination. More of the Corpsmen currently working are likely to belong to unions or trade organizations than Corpsmen currently in school or unemployed. The regional pattern is probably explained by the fact that the South has a large number of states with `right-to-work" laws. Membership in Social Organizations While graduates belong to clubs or social groups more than the dropouts or discharges, size of place provides the clearest distinction. BELONG TO CLUB OR SOCIAL GROUP (Base: Total) Belong Total 12 ~i~2~ates Dropouts 12 Discharges 9 Sex/'rype of Center Men 12 Urban-Male 17 Conservation-Male 7 Women 9 Size of Place Large Metro 22 Small Metro 10 Non-Metro 10 Current Status Working 13 In school 16 Unemployed 11 80-084 0 - 67 - 29 PAGENO="0450" 446 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 102. Corpsmen living in large metropolitan areas are mare likely to belong too club or social organization than those living in smaller metropolitan or non-metropolitan areas. Driving Over eight in ten say they know how to drive and one in five say they own a car: DRIVING Learned in Have Know How Job Corps License Own (Base: Total) (Base: Know how) (Base: Total) Car % -~- Total 83 14 36 20 ~3~ates 33 27 ~3 25 Dropouts 44 9 35 19 Discharges 80 14 22 14 Sex Men 86 13 37 20 Women 50 18 16 9 Type of Center Urban 90 13 44 25 Conservation 82 16 29 15 `R~ace Negro 83 16 29 15 White 85 11 44 26 Under 18 84 12 22 12 18-19 86 16 39 19 20 or aver 79 12 41 27 `Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 84 4 35 19 3-6 months 83 15 31 16 More than six months 84 27 47 29 CUrrent Status Working 86 15 40 25 In school 81 19 37 15 Unemployed 82 10 28 13 PAGENO="0451" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 447 103. Over one quarter of Corpsmen who were in the Job Corps more than six months and know how to drive learned in the Job Corps. Car ownership is highest for Corpsmen who were in the Job Corps over six months and those over 20. Graduates have more licenses and own more cars than dropouts or discharges. In spite of the large percentage who know how to drive, in no group are there as many as half who have a license. Voting Of those eligible to vote (20%) less than three. in ten are registered. REGISTERED TO VOTE (Base: Eligible to vote = 20%) Registered Total 29 ~i~3tates Dropouts 34 Discharges 35 Sex Men 30 Women 23 Race Negro 32 White 19 PAGENO="0452" 448 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 104. Graduates are registered less than dropouts or discharges. Men are registered more often than women and Negroes more than whites. Of those registered just under half have actually voted. Obviously, voting is a sparse habit -- a mark of most young people, not simply Job Corpsmen. Savings The Corpsmen were asked how much money they save each week: AMOUNT SAVE EACH WEEK (Base: Total) Length of Time in Job Corps Current Status Grad- Drop- Dis- Less than 3-6 More than W~k~ Now In Un- Total uates outs charges 3 months months six months ing school employed ~ ~ ~ % ~ -~--- Nothing 64 55 68 62 73 63 52 45 64 90 Under $5 6 8 5 9 3 8 7 7 10 4 5-10 10 14 9 7 8 9 15 16 5 2 11-20 8 8 9 8 7 9 9 13 8 2 21-30 6 7 5 8 5 6 6 9 5 2 Over3O 5 7 3 5 3 4 9 8 3 - Notsure 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 - Median - - - - - - - - - - PAGENO="0453" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 449 105. Graduates are saving rr.ore than are the dropouts or discharges. Savings also increase with length of tin~e in the Job Carps. Medical Care Just under half of the I~ugust 1 966 terminations have been to see a doctor or dentist since leaving the Job Corps: MEDICAL CARE Seen a Doctor or Dentist What had done (Base: Total) (Base: Seen Doctor or Dentist 47%) Total 47 Routine medical checkup 49 Gi~2iates 51 Routine dental checkup 11 Dropouts 46 Got medicine , was sick 14 Discharges 46 Tooth pulled 8 Sex Tooth filled 5 Men 46 Was in hospital 7 Women 59 Had operation 4 Race Other 27 Negro 44 White 53 Length of Time in Job Carps Less than 3 months 44 3-6 months 45 More than six months 55 PAGENO="0454" 450 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~o6. More women than men and more whites than Negroes hove been to a doctor or dentist since leaving the Job Corps. Over half of those who saw a doctor or dentist received a routine medical or dental checkup. Contact with Social Agency Fifteen percent of the Corpsmen have contacted a social agency since leaving the Job Corps: PAGENO="0455" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 451 107. CONTACT WITH SOCIAL AGENCY j~Base: Total) Agency Went To (Base: Gone to aqency Gone to Urem- social agency Welfare ployment Religious Diher % __%_ Total 15 18 39 3 40 ~~tates T~ 15 ~ ~ Dropouts 14 18 36 2 44 Discharges 18 20 36 5 49 Current Status - Working 11 13 31 - 56 In school 13 17 50 - 33 Unemployed 17 20 50 6 30 Sex Men 14 17 40 3 40 Women 25 18 27 - 55 Type of Center Urban 15 17 36 5 42 Conservation 11 20 47 - 33 Length of Time in Job Corps Less thn 3 months 12 24 48 - 28 3-6 months 17 17 32 2 49 More than six months 14 12 46 8 34 Age Under 18 16 14 28 - 58 18-19 13 12 42 4 42 20 and over 15 28 39 3 30 PAGENO="0456" 452 ECONOMIC OppORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~O8. Women have gone to a social agency more than have the men, Slightly more dis- charges than graduates or dropouts contacted an agency. The unemployment bureau is the agency contacted most often. Contact With Police More dropouts and discharges than graduates have had trouble with the police: PAGENO="0457" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 453 TROUBLE WITH POLICE 109. Total ~i~3tates Grad-Negro Grad-White Dropout Discharges Current Status Working Under 18 18-19 20 and over LengilirneJii ~oo corps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than six months Region North North Central South West (Base: Had trouble 15%) Dtdn't have Didn't need Had Lawyer Lawyer Lawyer ___ -____ ___ 15 31 35 34 ir 8 33 33 34 16 25 38 37 17 T2T 3T 16 56 25 19 23 15 39 46 14 45 30 25 10 ______ 25 _________ 42 _________ 33 19 26 41 33 14 36 34 30 11 24 29 47 15 19 38 45 16 35 35 30 12 25 41 34 25 48 22 30 (Base: Total) Had trouble 14 19 47 34 Sex Men 15 30 36 34 Women 8 100 - - Type of Center Urban 18 32 39 29 Conservation 13 25 34 41 Race Negro 12 29 38 33 White 19 30 35 35 Age PAGENO="0458" 454 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 110. The younger Corpsmen have had more trouble with the police than have the older Corpsmen. The longer a youth stayed in the center the less likely he is to have had trouble with the law. Whites have had more trouble than Negroes and men more than women. One in four from the West have had police contact. Just under one third of those who have had contact with the police since leaving the Job Corps hove had a lawyer to help them. Observation: Compared with the dropouts and discharges the graduates attend religious services more, have higher membership in organizations and clubs,own more cars and are more likely to have seen a doctor or dentist. They have had less trouble with the police. On balance the graduates have made more positive contacts and less negative contacts with the community than either the dropoutsordischarges. PAGENO="0459" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 455 ill. ADDITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION REGI ON (Base: Total) Total Graduate Dropout Discharge _sz- % North 14 14 15 12 North Central 19 16 19 13 South 55 59 53 66 West 12 11 13 9 SIZE OF PLACE (Base: Total) Total Graduate Dropout Discharge. _%___ % Large metro 14 14 13 11 Small metro 47 47 46 59 Non-metro . 39 39 41 30 TYPE OF CENTER (Base: Total) Total Graduate Dropout Discharge __%___ % Urban 50 49 53 34 Conservation 45 43 42 54 Women's 5 8 5 2 AGE (Base: Total) Total Graduate Dropout Discharges Men Women % -~-- -~ __%__ 16 years old 4 2 4 5 4 - 17 years old 19 11 24 15 20 6 18 years old 24 23 23 28 23 17 l9years old 21 19 23 19 21 19 20years old 17 21 14 17 16 29 21 years old 10 15 8 11 10 21 Over2l 5 9 4 5 6 8 Median 18.1 18.7 18.0 18.1 18.1 19.3 PAGENO="0460" 456 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 112. ETHNIC (Bose: Total) White Total Negro White Puerto Rican Mexican Other Indian -~- -~- % % ___%__ _%__ 54 45 47 52 60 38 _____________________________ 47 52 37 63 60 40 _________ __________ 75 25 Total ~i~2uates Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Dropouts Dropout-Urban Dropout-Conservation IMsc1~~ Men Women Type~f Center Urban Conservation 2 6 37 1 7 37 1 4 6 42 1 - 5 33 2 2 7 43 2 - 7 59 1 1 7 32 - -~-5~ 20 - Sex 55 45 2 6 37 1 54 44 - 6 38 2 *45 54 63 37 3 6 55 1 I 6 30 - PAGENO="0461" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 457 113. CURRENT EDUCATION (Base: Total) Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uates out charges Men Women Negro White -~- -ic--- ~ ~ ~c -~ ~c Not high school graduate 87 81 91 91 88 73 87 89 Was high school graduate before Job Corps 10 14 8 9 9 27 11 8 Became high school graduate after Job Corps , finished school 1 2 * - 1 - 1 Became high school graduate after Job Corps, passed exam 2 3 1 - 2 1 2 MARITAL STATUS MARITAL STATUS NUMBER OF CHILDREN (Base: Total) (Base: Married or divorced 9%) Under 20 and Total Men Women 18 18-19 over Total Men Women % % % % % % % % % Single 91 92 79 97 90 87 None 65 65 70 Married 8 8 15 3 9 12 One 21 23 10 Divorced 1 * 6 - 1 1 Two 9 9 10 ___________ Three or more 4 3 10 Note: * Less~than 1% PAGENO="0462" NUMBER OF ROOMS (Base: Total) One room Two rooms Three rooms Four rooms Five rooms Six or more 2 3 2 4 5 3 11 11 11 22 19 24 22 25 21 39 37 39 2 2 3 2 - 3 4 2 4 4 14 12 10 12 4 22 23 20 22 15 19 23 22 22 15 40 36 43 38 62 NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVE WITH (Bose: Total) Live 1-3 4-6 7-9 10 or Alone Others Others Others More Not sure % % % % % % 458 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 114. Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uates out charges Negro White Men Women % % % % % % % % Total Graduates Dropout Discharges Race Negro White Sex Men Women Age Under 18 18-19 20 and over 4 .30 42 18 6 6 31 42 14 6 1 * 3 31 39 20 7 5 21 45 22 ~_~- ! 4 28 40 19 9 4 31 44 17 3 1 4 30 41 19 6 2 19 53 11 15 - 1 27 43 22 6 1 3 28 42 20 6 1 * 7 33 40 13 7 PAGENO="0463" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 459 WHOM LIVE V~1 TH (Base: Do not live alone = 96%) 115. Total Graduate Dropout Discharges Race Negro White ~ex Men Women Age Under 18 18-19 20 or over 77 54 6 3 74 74 55 8 2 72 78 55 6 4 73 81 52 3 - 79 ITEMS HAVE IN HOME (Base: Total) 20 5 5 20 7 4 20 4 5 23 6 7 19 3 4 19 5 5 23 8 4 Telephone TV set Radio Record Players Books Magazines Art pictures on wall Sisters/ Other Mother Father Spouse Children Brothers Relations Friends Others -~-- -~----. -~--- % % % -sz-- ~c 76 80 48 62 6 5 5 1 76 72 26 14 5 6 7 3 77 55 6 3 73 20 5 5 80 43 7 7 78 26 7 7 85 60 1 2 79 77 55 7 4 74 71 49 10 3 70 Total Graduate Dropout Discharges Men Women % % % % % % 67 69 65 67 65 86 95 94 94 96 94. 98 95 93 96 94~ 95 93 78 78 79 73 78 84 88 89 89 83 88 93 85 89 83 82 84 98 66 68 64 63 64 80 PAGENO="0464" 460 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A Pre-Job Corps Occupation Job Corps Grad- Drop- Dis- Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women Total uates outs charges Negr'~ ~7 ~O/~ ~% % % ~ Miscellaneous Occupations Motor Freight Transportation Packaging and Materials Handling Graphic Art Logging Motion Pictures General Laborers Car Wash & Seryice Station Truck Driver Post Office.: All: Other: * - 1 * 25 21 24 41 25 25 25 11 12 5 13 15 10 -r -~ -r r ~ 2 1 .2 5 3 2 2 - * * * - 9 6 9 16 10 6 9 6 * - I - * 1 * - - ~ ~ ; ~ : 5 4 5 3 3 7 5 - PAGENO="0465" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 461 116. (Con't) Training Current Occupation Conser- Grad- Drop- Dis- Conser- White Men Women Urban vation Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women Urban vation -~--s,ç-- ~ % ç~ç ~ -~--~ç~ç ~ç ~ 11 12 - 7 15 25 20 24 28 25 21 25 - 24 25 I * - * * - - - - - - - - - - -. * - * - 6 6 6 5 5 8 7 - 7 5 - - - * - * - - 1 * - 1 - - - - - - 1 - 1 - I - * - - 1 * * - - 1 9 8 9 10 10 5 9 - 10 8 1 1 - 1 - 4 2 4 10 4 5 4 - 2 6 * * - * 1 3 4 3 3 42 3 - 3 4 - - - - - I - 1 - * 1 1 - * 1 10 11 - 6 13 - - - - - - - - - 80-084 0 - 67 - 30 PAGENO="0466" Pre-Jcb Corps Occupation Job Corps Grad- Drop- Dis- Grad- Drop- 015- Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women Total uates outs charges Negro 17~-__ ~Z % ~F ~ ~ % % % Bench Work Occupations 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 - 8 10 7 7 Fabrication, A~sembly, Repair of Metal Products - - - - - - - - 2 2 .2 2 Assembly &Repairof Electrical Equip. * - * - - 1 * - 1 1 1 - Painting, Decorating &Related Work 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 - 1 1 * Bench Carpenters * 1 1 - * * * - 3 6 3 Others - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 462 ECONOMIC OppORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A 7 2 4 3 1 1 Structurd Work Occupations Metal Fabrication Welders, Flame Cutters, Related Work Electrical Assembling, lnstalling&Repairing 2 Excavating , Grading, Paving & Related Work * Construction 5 Structural Work & Miscellaneous Occupation - 8 8 9 2 8 8 8 - 27 26 26 37 1 2 1 - 1 2 1 - 6 6 7 6 - 1 2 1 1 1 - 7 6 8 5 - * - - - * - 11 11 8 18 6~ 7 - 6 5 6 - 3 3 3 8 7 0 PAGENO="0467" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 463 .117. (co&t) Training Current Occupation Conser- Grad- Drop- Dis-* Conser- White Men Wcmen Urban vation Total uates outs charges Negro White Men Women Urban vation ~ - % ~ % % ~ % 8 9 - 10 5.7 6 8 9 8 7 7 - 8 7 4 3 - 4 * 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 - 4 3 1 1 - 2 - 2 1 4 - 1 .3 2 - 2 2 - * - + 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 - 2 1 3 5 - 3 4 * 1 - 4 1 - 1 - * 1 - * - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2529 4 24 32 10 9 12 9 9 1211 - 11 11 - 5 8 - 6 7 1 1 * 2 1 1 1 - 1 - 7 7 4 10 4 1 2 * *2 1 2 1 - 1 2 9 10 - 6 15 1 - 2 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 4 4 - 2 6 6 5 8 5 5 6 6 - 6 7 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 PAGENO="0468" 3 1 2 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2 - 1 3 2 - - - - - Machine Trades Occupations 4 4 4 5 2 5 4 - 24 17 29 23 20 ~~i~IMachining 1 1 1 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 1 - Mechanics & Machine Repairman 2 1 2 2 * 2 2 - 2 * 3 1 1 Motorized Vehicle & Engineering Equip. 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 Marine Mechanic Repairman - - - - - - - - * * - - Engine Power Trans- riission - - - - - - - - 17 13 21 19 14 Business & Commercial Machine Repairman - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 Utilities Service Mechanics & Repairman * 1 * - 1 * - 1 * 1 1 1 Printing Occupations * - * - * - * - 1 1 1 - 1 464 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A Pre-Job Corps Occupation - Job Corps Grad- Drop- L)is- Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uate out charges Negro White Men Women Total uate out charges Negn % % % % % % % % % % % % % Processing Occupations 7 5 9 3 4 10 7 Metal&Ore Refinery Work * - * 2 - 1 * Food & Tobacco Processing * - 1 Paper & Textile Processing 3 2 3 1 4 3 Petroleum Gasond Coal Processing - - Chemicals, Plastics & Synthetics - - Rubber & Paint - - Wood Products 2 1 Leathe~,Stone & Glass PAGENO="0469" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 465 118. \~ (cont) - Training Current Occupation Conser- Giod- Drop- Dis- Conser- White Men Women Urban votion Total uote out charges Negro White Mei~ Women Urban vation -~-----~ -~--- -ez-- ~ ~z ~ ~- z ~- ~ ~ -% - - - - - 7 8 7 9 5 9 7 - 8 8 - - - - - 1 1 1 - - 2 1 - 1 - - - - .- - * - * - 1 - 1 - - 1 - - - - - 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 - 2 2 - - - - - 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - * - 1 - * - * - - 1 - - - - - * - 1 3 - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - 1 2 1 - 1 2 1 - 2 1 - - - - - 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 - 1 2 27 25 2 30 19 10 11 10 9 7 16 11 - 13 8 ~ ~7 2 2 - 2 1 6 6 6 3 4 8 5 - 7 2 1 1 - 1 1 * - * - - 1 * - - 1 * * - 1 - * 1 * 1 * * 1 - - 1 21 18 - 21 16 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - .1 1 - I - 1 1 1 - - 2 1 - 1 1 I 1 2 1 * * 1 * - * 1 1 - 1 - PAGENO="0470" 466 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A Pre-Job Corps Occupation - Job Corps Grad- Drop- Dis- Grad- Drop- Dis- Total uote out charges Negro White Men Women Total: uate out charges Negro -~z-- ic ~c ~ ~ ~ ~,c ~c ~cw ~ % Service Occupations 38 41 36 Domestic services * 1 - Food & Beverage Preparation & services 22 22 20 Lodging & Related Services 1 2 1 Barbering, Cosme- tology & Related services * 1 * Miscellaneous Personal services 2 2 2 - Apparel & Furnishings services 1 - 2 Protective services * - - Building & Related services 12 13 12 Farming, Fishery, Forestry & Related Occupations 9 10 10 7 5 15 10 - Plant Farming 7 7 ~ ~ ~ T2~ ~ Forestry service 1 2 * - 1 2 1 - Cattle ranch 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 - 36 46 30 39 61 10 12 9 8 11 - 1 - - 11 - - - - - 23 24 19 22 27 6 1 4 6 6 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 2 - 1 3 10 2 2 1 17 11- 15 7 12 6 1 1 1 2 2 2 9 13 6 8 8 12 9 8 PAGENO="0471" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967' 467 119. (cont) Training Current Occupation Conser- Grad- Drop- Dis- Conser- White Men Women Urban vation Total uate out charges Negro White Men Women Urban vation -~---~- -s,ç- ~ % ~ç ~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % 8 10 19 9 8 25 26 24 26 27 22 25 26 21 27 TTT * 4 7 6 5 5 13 12 13 15 13 11 12 9 12 13 - - - - * 1 - 2 - 1 1 - * 1 2 1 11 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 * 8 1 - 1 * 2 1 - 2 2 2 - 1 3 2 9 1 `2 1 2 - 3 2810 7 9 11 4 9 - 7 10 810 - 4 15 3 1 5 3 3 4 4 - 2 6 8 10 - 4 15 - - - - - - - - - - - * - - * * - 1 1 1 -. 1 - 1 1 PAGENO="0472" 468 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 APPENDIX A Pre-Job Corps Occupation Job Corp Base: Working Before Entering Job Corps = 58% ________________ Base: Grad- b~p~ Dis- Grad-Drop- Dis- Total uate out charges NegroWhite Men Womenlotal uate out charges Negro -~-- -z~ç- -~-- -~-- -~--- % -~ç- ~ -~-- -n~ç -~ ~7 ~ Professional, Tech- nicaland Manog- erial Occupations A 3~ A ~. .A Z 3_ J2 5~ 8_ _5- ~3- -6~ A~F~tecture and Engineering - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 2 1 Medicine and Health 4 2 2 3 4 1 2 11 4 5 4 1 4 Education - 1 2 - 2 1 1 6 * 1 * - 1 Art - - - - - - - * - - - * Clerical and Sales Occupations ~ - 2 3 2 fl j~ JL J0 ~5 _1~I_ Stenography,Typing, Filing &relatedwork 1 1 1 - 1 1 * 6 4 7 3 1 3 Computing &account recording - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 Material & Production Recording - - - - - - - - 1 1 * - 1 lnformaflorr and Message Distribution ~ - * - - * * - 2 7 1 1 2 Salesman Service * 1 - - - 1 * - 2 1 2 - 1 Merchandising 1 2 1 - * * 1 5 - - - - - Miscellaneous Clerical 1 1 * - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 2 2 Business Machines andlBM - - - - - 1 2 1 - 1 PAGENO="0473" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEW~S OF 1967 469 120. Training Current Occupation Total - Base: Workin9 Nqw = 57% Conser- Grad- Drop- Dis- Conser- White Men Women Urban vation Total uate out clxsrges Negro White Men Women Urban vation _eI7~_ -~---~--~- % -a7; ~ç -~ç % ~ ~ ~ e,ç % ~ I ~Q A 1 1 ~ ~_ Z Z I A 2~ ~ 5 2 1 3 1 1 5 7 3 7 7 3 4 22 4 4 3 2 33 3 1 * 1 * - * - * 4 - 1 * 8 4 * - - - - - - - - - - - ~ & Al Ji 1 ~ ii A -~ A AL 4 3 21 5 3 2 4 * - 3 1 1 31 1 - * 1 - 1 * 1 1 * - 1 1 1 4 1 - - - * 1 1 7 2 2 1 7 2 1 1 3 2 * 1 3 1 * 1 1 - 2 1 - 2 4 1 - I - 1 4 3 - 1 2 1 - 4 - 3 2 2 9 2 1 3 2 PAGENO="0474" PAGENO="0475" Study No.1729 A CONTINUING STUDY OF JOB CORPS TERMINATIONS WAVE II - INITIAI INTERVIEW WITH TERMINATiONS FROM August 15, 1966 To December 15, 1966 An Interim Report May 1967 Prepared by Louis Harris and Associates,1 Inc. 1 Rockefeller Plaza New York, I~ew York 10020 471 PAGENO="0476" 472 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Index Page Introduction . . . 1 Tables ~Tob Corps Status 8 What Doing Just Before Job Corps . 9 Typeof Job 10 Number of Hours Worked Per Week . 11 Full Time or Part Time Job 11 Hourly Rate 12 Terminations Length of Stay 13 Type of Termination 15 Post Job Corps Status 16 What Did Immediately After Job Corps. 16 Hourly Rate Immediately After Job Corps 17 Number of Jobs Since Leaving the Job Corps 18 What Doing Now 19 Type of Job Now 22 Full Time or Part Time Job Now . . 24 Number of Hours Now Working . . . 24 Current Hourly Rate 26 PAGENO="0477" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 473 INTRODUCTION In order to evaluate the effectiveness of Job Corps Training, Louis Harris and Associates is conducting a continuing study of Job Corps terminations (graduates, dropouts, discharges). In February and May of 1967 we interviewed ex-Corpsmen who had left centers six months earlier (August and November 1966 respectively). In August 1967 we will interview February 1967 terminations and in November 1967 we will interview May 1967 terminations. In these initial interviews we will examine: a) the pre-Job Corps work history of each respondent, b) their attitudes toward the Job Corps with particular emphasis on life in the centers and the job training received? c) What each individual did immediately after leaving the Job Corps. Did they get a job, go to school or become unemployed? d) What each individual is doing currently (i.e. six months after leaving the Job Corps), -- working, going to school or unemployed. Twelve months after the initial interview each respondent will be contacted again to find out what he s doing at that time. Then, twelve months after this second interview we will attempt to contact each respondent for a third time to determine again, at that point, whether he is working,going to school or is unemployed. This study plan permits us to look at both the short range and the long range impact of the Job Corps, for we will not only be able to look at the status of each individual immediately after leaving the center and six months later but also eighteen months and thirty months after termination. PAGENO="0478" 474 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 2. A full report was prepared in March 1967 for the August 1966 terminations. This report is an interim statement of pre- and post Job Corps status for terminations from October 15, 1966 to December 15, 1966 The normal one month period of November was extended two weeks on either side to provide enough names for sampling purposes. Upon completion of the fourth wave of initial interviews (November 1967) a full analysis of the four waves will be presented. In all reports, where pertinent, each table will show the new wave as well as the unweighted sum of the new wave plus previous waves.- This combined set with its increasing data base will provide stable and accurate information. Sample The Job Corps suppUed a list of 4,649 names of terminations for the period October 15, 1966 to December 15, 1966. From this list 900 individuals were to be interviewed. As a result of improved lists and interviewers becoming more adept at finding the individuals, 1,254 inter- views were completed. Names were clustered from the list into geographic sampling areas, accepting as workable any area with a diameter of fifty miles in which there were at least five names. (A Iarge~ area or fewer names would have made both the time needed to complete the interviewing and the -cost of the interviewing prohibitive.) The criteria-selected permitted a clustering of approximately 2,500 names into 207 areas. Into each of these areas one or more trained Harris interviewers was dispatched to find and interview-the ex-Corpsmen. PAGENO="0479" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 475 3. In spite of the large size of each sampling area, the tendency of the areas to cluster around metropolitan centers introduced a slight urban bias to the sample. To eliminate this urban bias attempts were made to interview a number of individuals who were not clustered into the sampling areas. This was accomplished by sending telegrams to 1031 individuals who were not grouped into the geographic areas asking them to call New York collect at which time they were interviewed by phone. Of the 1254 completed interviews 1050 were conducted in person and 204 by telephone. An additional problem was the need to interview an adequate number who were not at the address supplied by the Job Corps to insure the representativeness of the sample. Of the 1254 interviews, 283 were with individuals who were not living at the indicated address. The representativeness of this sample is seen in a comparison of the completed interviews with the total list on certain demographic characteristics. PAGENO="0480" 476 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 4. COMPARISON OF SAMPLE AND TOTAL LIST WAVE II Sample Total List (Base 1254) (Base 4649) % % Region North 15 16 North Central 15 17 South 54 53 West 15 14 Sex7Type of Center Men 91 92 Urban 50 Conservation 42 42 Women 9 8 Type of Termination Graduate 35 37 Dropout 50 50 Discharge 15 13 On the important dimensions of region, sex, and type of termination our sample breakdown is close to the breakdown of the total list. The following table presents a breakdown of our attempted contacts first percentaged on the total list of 4649 names and then on the total contacts we completed:* * A contact is a completed interview or some information on the individual. PAGENO="0481" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 477 5. RESULTS OF ATTEMPTED CONTACTS WAVE II Total List Contacts (Base = 4649) (Base = 2672) % Interviewed Interviewed at address supplied 21 37 Interviewed atother address 6 11 Not Interviewed In milifary 4 7 Moved or don't know at address 15 26 No such address 2 3 Notathome 6 11 Other not at address 3 5 No information 43 Some of the "moved", "no such address', "not at home" groups (as well as the "no information" group) are probably in the military. Analytic Groups The definition and size of the analytic sub-groups follows: Total* (1254 - 2122) - All respondents. Type of Termination 1. Graduate (435-706) - those who completed a course of training in the Job Corps Center. a) Grad-Negro (261 -404) - all Negro graduates b) Grad-white (164 - 277) - all white graduates c) Grad-Urban (288-412) - all male graduates from urban centers d) Grad - Conservation (100-212) - all male graduates from Conservation centers 80-084 0 - 67 - 31 PAGENO="0482" 478 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 2. Dropouts (625 - 1097) - those who did not complete a course of training in the Job Corps center but decided to leave. a) Dropout-Negro (285-503) - all Negro dropouts b) Dropout-white (312-556) - all white dropouts c) Dropout-urban (242-473) - all male dropouts from urban centers d) Dropout-Conservation (286-470) - all male dropouts from Conservation centers 3. Discharges (194-306) - those who did not complete a course but were asked to leave for medical, disciplinary, or other reasons. Current Status 1. Working now (719-1199) - those who say they are currently working. This group includes thirty who are also in school from the second wave and 71 from Wave I and II combined. 2. In school now (1 06-197) - those who say they are currently in school or in some type of vocational training program. This group includes the 30-71 who are also wo~king. 3. Unemployed now (423-729) - those who are currently unemployed. Sex/Type of Center 1. Men (1135-1946) - all male terminations a) Urban (588-988) - all male terminations from urban centers b) Conservation (498-860) - all male terminations from Conservation centers 2. Women (118-166) - all female terminations Race 1. Negro (679-1136) - all Negro terminations 2. White (532-914) - all white terminations Age 1. Under 18 (350-546) - all terminations under 18 years old 2. 18-19 (542-925) - all terminations 18-19 years old 3. 20+ (341 -621) - all terminations 20 years or older PAGENO="0483" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 479 7. Length of Time in Job Corps 1. In Job Corps less than 3 months (421-679) - all terminations who were in the Job Corps less than three months. 2. In Job Corps 3-6 months (456-854) - all terminations who were in the Job Corps three-six months. 3. In Job Corps more than six months (366-559) - all terminations who were in the Job Corps more than six months. Region 1. North (188-411) all terminations from Connecticut, Main, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont. 2. North Central (192-353) all terminations from Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin. 3. South (681-1164) all terminations from Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia. 4. West (193-294) all terminations from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Size of Place 1. Large metro (272-391) all respondents living in metropolitan areas with central cities of one million or more. 2. Small metro (684-1096) all respondents living in metropolitan areas with central cities of less than one million. 3. Non-metro (296-631) all respondents living in non-metropolitan areas. * Note: Because there were some individuals who did not answer certain questions or gave answers other than those used in the sub-group definitions, these groups do not always add exactly to 1254. The first number jr the parenthesis is the sample size for this wave (Wave II), the second number in the parenthesis represents the combined total of Wave I and Wave II. PAGENO="0484" 480 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 8. PRE-JOB CORPS STATUS In past studies the number of Corpsmen working before they entered the Job Corps has been overstated. This has occured because of the difficulty the respondent had in recalling a point in time, "just before entering the Job Corps", which may be as much as two years past. This period tends to spread in his mind and he may tell us about a job he had one month, six months or even a year before entering the Job Corps. This problem has been eliminated by designing a series of questions which jogs the respondent's memory and leads him to a clearer recall of that period "just" at the time when he signed up for the Job Corp. Using this new series we find that less than half of the terminations from the November pcriod were working at the time they entered the Job Corps: PAGENO="0485" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 481 WHAT DOING JUST BEFORE JOINING THE JOB CORPS (Base: Total) 9. Wave II -Wove I & II Combined In- Un- In- Un- Working School employed Other Working School employed Other % -~-- % -~-- % __%__ % _%__ Total 44 10 ~i~5ates 47 TO Grad-Negro 52 11 Grad-White 40 9 Grad-Urban 47 8 Grad-Conservation 49 14 Dropouts 41 10 Dropout-Negro 46 12 Dropout-White 37 8 Dropout-Urban 36 8 Dropout-Conservation 48 9 Discharges 46 11 - Keg ion North North Central South West 44 2 49 10 40 ~7 T 5~ TO ~36 36 1 58 10 32 50 1 45 9 45 44 1 52 8 40 35 2 58 12 29 47 2 48 9 41 40 2 53 11 35 54 1 43 8 48 54 2 44 8 46 42 1 55 10 34 42 1 49 12 38 42 1 52 9 38 48 2 41 12 45 41 1 54 9 36 57 3 38 11 49 1 T -~-j- 2 2 ~urrenr ~rarus Working 53 7 38 2 58 7 34 1 In school 36 25 37 2 39 25 34 2 Unemployed 33 9 56 2 40 9 1 Sex Men Women 47 27 9 15 42 57 2 1 51 30 10 13 38 56 1 1 Race - Negro 48 12 39 1 54 11 34 1 White 39 8 52 1 44 8 47 1 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 37 11 50 2 42 11 46 1 3-6 months 44 9 46 1 52 9 38 1 More than 6 months 52 10 36 2 54 9 35 2 Age Under 18 39 14 45 2 41 15 43 1 18-19 43 11 45 1 48 10 41 1 20 or over 52 4 42 2 58 4 36 2 49 8 39 11 48 10 30 10 2 2 PAGENO="0486" 482 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 10. Only three in ten in the West were working compared with just about half in the North and South and four in ten in the North Central region. Women again show a significantly lower employment level than the men. Type Of Job Over a third of those working at the time they entered the Job Corps had some type of service job: TYPE OF JOB (Base: Working before Job Corps 44%_49%.) Professional, technical Clerical, sales Service Farming, fishing Processing Machine trades Be: ~.h work Structural work Miscellaneous __________Wave II Sex Race Total Men Women Negro White __%_ ___%_ ____%___ -~z__- ~ 21 7 1 3 7 6 13 7 7 35 34 64 41 27 9 9 3 5 14 6 6 7 5 6 2 2 - 2 1 5 5 - 5 5 5. 5 3 5 5 29 32 3 29 32 ________Wave I & II Combined___. Sex Race Total Men Women Negro White __%_ _%_ ___%__ -~-- -~-- 3 2 11 3 2 5 4 13 5 5 37 36 64 43 28 9 9 2 5 15 6 6 4 4 9 3 3 - 2 3 4 4 - 4 3 6 7 2 7 6 27 29 4 27 29 PAGENO="0487" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 483 Number of Hours Worked Per Week NUMBER OF HOURS V~ORKED PER WEEK (Base: Working before Job Corps = 44%-49%) II _____Wave I & II Combined____.. Sex Race Sex Race Total Men Women Negro While Total Men Women Negro White _%_ _%_ ___%____ -~- -az- ~ -e7;- -~- -~-- -~- Underl7 6 5 13 4 8 6 6 14 5 8 17-24 6 7 3 *6 6 5 5 2 5 5 25-32 8 7 13 6 10 7 6 20 6 9 33-40 53 53 49 57 48 51 51 43 55 43 41 or more 27 28 22 27 28 31 32 21 29 35 Median hours 36.5 36.7 35.4 36.8 36.3 37.0 37.2 34.6 36.9 37.2 Full Time or Part Time Job On this wave (for the first time) we asked whether the job just before the Job Corps was full or part time: FULL TIME OR PART TIME JOB (Base: Working just before entering Job Corps = 44%) Sex Race Age Total Men Women Negro White Under 18 18-19 20 or over -57;-- -57;- % -5z- % Full time 74 75 69 82 64 70 72 81 Part time or seasonal 26 25 31 18 36 30 28 19 PAGENO="0488" 484 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Hourly Rate 12. The median pre-Job Corps hourly rate for those working in Wave II was $1 .19 compared to Si .17 for the first wave: HOURLY RATE (Base: Working Before Job Corps 44% - 49%) _______________Wave II _________________________ Wave I & II Under Si .00 Si .26 Si .51 $1 .76 Over Si .00 -1 .25 -i .50 -1 .75 -2.00 $2.00 Median Median ___%__ _%__ ___%_ __%_ ___%____ _%_ Total ~G~2~ates 18 T~ 42 ~ 25 7 2~J 1 U 3 ~ 5 ~ Si .19 T20 $1.18 TT8 Grad-Negro 9 46 25 12 3 5 1 .22 1.20 Grad-White Grad-Urban 24 ii 42 43 21 6 26 10 3 5 4 5 1 .15 1.23 1 .14 1.20 Grad-Conservation 19 44 2110 - 6 1 .1 8 1 . 16 D~ outs 21 41 25 6 3 4 1.18 1.18 Dropout-Negro 22 42 24 5 1 6 1.17 1.17 Dropout-White 19 38 26 7 6 4 1.20 1.18 Dropout-Urban 14 38 34 7 2 5 1 .24 1 .21 Dropout-Conservation LM5~harge5 20 14 42 48 20 8 28 2 s 5 3 1 .18 1.19 1.18 1.18 Si~7Type of Center Men 16 43 25 7 4 5 1.20 1.19 Urban 13 42 29 8 4 4 1.22 1.21 Conservation 18 44 22 7 4 5 1.18 1.17 Women 42 39 16 3 - - 1.05 R~e Negro 16 45 25 7 2 5 1.19 1.18 White 20 39 25 6 6 4 1.19 1.17 A~e Under 18 26 44 23 2 2 3 1.14 1.12 18-19 12 47 28 8 2 3 1.20 1.18 20 and over 17 38 22 9 7 7 ~ Less than 3 months 21 38 30 5 2 4 3-6 months 13 47 26 7 2 5 1.22 1.22 1 . 1 9 1.20 1 . 17 1.18 More than 6months 18 43 19 8 6 6 1.19 1.17 Region North North Central South 3 15 23 43 44 44 37 17 24 10 14 5 4 1 2 3 9 2 1.28 1.20 1.15 1.25 1.21 1.14 West 20 36 23 4 11 6 1.21 1.26 PAGENO="0489" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 485 13. Not only were far fewer women than men working before entering the Job Corps but, among those who were working, their earnings were also significantly lower. Length of Stay The median length of time in the Job Corps for the November termination is 4.3 months: PAGENO="0490" 486 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 14. LENGTH OF TIME IN JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Sex/Type of Center Age Conser- Race 20 or Total Men Urban vation Women Negro White Under 18 18-19 over -~- -~- -~- % -~- ___%___ -s--- % ~ __%_ Less than three months 34 33 24 42 40 28 40 50 30 22 Three - sIx months 37 37 34 41 41 40 34 40 38 32 More than six months 29 30 42 1 7 1 9 32 26 1 0 32 46 Median months 4.3 4.4 5.3 3.6 3.7 4.7 3.9 3.0 4.6 5.6 Wave I & II Combined -~ Sex/Type of Center Age Conser- Race 20 or Total Men Urban vation Women Negro White Under 18 18-19 over -~ -~- -~- -~- -~-- __%__ % -~-- -~-- Less than three months 33 32 26 37 33 28 36 48 31 21 Three - six months 41 42 38 46 40 43 40 44 41 37 More than six months 26 26 36 17 27 2~ 24 8 28 42 Median months 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.9 3.8 4.5 4.0 3.1 4.4 5.4 PAGENO="0491" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 487 15. Type of Termination LENGTH OF TIME IN JOB CORPS Base: Total) Wave I & Wave Il Combined - Urban centers have significantly higher proportions of graduates than Conservation centers. Over half of the November terminations 20 years or older graduated compared with 17 percent of those under 18. Wavel Total Men -~- _%___ Graduate 35 35 Dropout 50 49 Discharge 15 16 Sex/Type of Center Race Age 20 or Conser- Urban vation Women Negro White Under 1 8 18-1 9 over % -~-- % -~-- 49 20 31 38 31 17 36 51 41 57 57 42 58 64 48 38 10 23 12 20 11 19 16 11 Sex/Type of Center Race Age 20 or Conser- Total Men Urban votion Women Negro White Under 18 18-19 over -~- -~-- % -~-- -e,~-- - -~-- Graduate 33 33 42 25 36 36 30 18 33 48 Dropout 53 52 49 55 54 45 61 66 52 40 Discharge 14 15 9 20 10 19 9 16 15 12 PAGENO="0492" Total 53 8 39 ~~t,ates 5~ 5 3~ Grad-Negro 53 7 39 Grad-White 61 3 37 Grad-Urban 55 4 40 Grad-Conservation 61 7 31 D~àuts 52 9 40 Dropout-Negro 49 9 42 Dropout-White 54 9 38 Dropout-Urban 57 10 36 Dropout_Conservation 54 7 39 ti~i~t Status Working 65 4 32 In school 37 50 22 Unemployed 41 4 55 Six Men 55 7 37 Women 34 10 56 Negro 52 8 39 White 55 7 39 Ei~gth of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 54 10 37 3-6 months 52 8 40 More than 6 months 55 4 41 Under 18 50 13 37 18-19 51 8 42 20 or over 59 2 38 488 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 POST JOB CORPS STATUS On this second wave, 53 percent found a job immediately after leaving the Job Corps, an increase of nine percentage points over their pre-Job Corps status: WHAT DID IMMEDIATELY AFTER JOB CORPS (Base: Total) Wave II- - Wave I & II- In Un- In Un- Working School employed Other Working School employed Other -~--- -_~- ~- __~-_ ____%___ _-~- ~%___ _-~-- 1 56 9 7 57 ~ 4 55 8 - 59 8 3 56 7 1 64 ii 59 9 1 56 9 1 56 10 1 62 11 * 56 7 1 52 ~ 1 65 6 - 39 49 1 46 6 1 58 9 _~~_ 37 10 2 56 9 1 56 9 1 55 11 2 56 9 1 57 5 2 49 17 2 55 9 1 62 3 34 3 33 3 35 4 32 2 35 4 26 1 34 2 35 2 34 3 29 3 37 1 38 3 29 2 20 1 46 3 33 2 51 4 34 3 34 3 33 2 33 4 38 2 34 2 35 3 34 2 PAGENO="0493" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEWTS OF 1967 489 17, Hourly Rote Immediately after ~ob Corps Overall, for the first two waves the Corpsmen show a S.15 increase in hourly rate im- mediately after the Job Corps compared to their pre-Job Corps rate: HOURLY RATE IMMEDIATELY AFTER JOB CORPS (Base: Working right after Job Corps = 53% - 56%) Total Graduates Dropouts Discharge %__ Less than $1.00 11 7 13 11 $1 .01 - 1 .25 26 23 26 34 $1 .26 - 1 .50 28 28 29 31 $1.51 -1.75 15 18 16 10 51.76-2.00 6 7 6 1 $2.01- 2.25 5 6 4 4 $2.26-2.50 3 4 2 3 OverS2.50 6 7 4 6 Wave II Median $1.37 $1.43 $1.34 $1.29 Change from pre-Job Corps $ +18 $ +23 $ +.16 Wave I & II Median $1.33 $1.39 $1.32 $1.26 Change from pre-Job Corps $+.15 $ +21 $ +14 $+.08 Graduates have a greater rate increace than dropouts or discharges. PAGENO="0494" 490 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Number of Jobs since Leaving the Job C~p~ Number of Jobs since Job Corps (Base:Total) 18. Sex Men Women 14 29 42 52 26 15 10 3 4 - 4 1 12 25 40 51 28 18 12 3 4 2 4 1 Race Negro 16 46 26 8 2 2 14 45 27 9 3 2 White 14 39 25 11 5 6 12 38 26 13 6 5 Age Under 18 19 43 22 8 4 4 19 38 11 4 4 18-19 15 42 26 10 3 4 12 40 28 12 4 4 20+_ 13 44 26 10 4 3 11 45 28 10 4 2 Length of Time In Job Corps 12 4 4 Less than 3 18 41 22 11 4 4 16 39 3-6 17 44 23 9 4 3 13 42 26 11 5 3 Over 6 11 42 31 9 3 4 9 43 32 10 3 3 Almost nine in ten of all terminations in Wave I and II have had at least one job since leaving ___________Wave II More Than Cne I~2 Three Folif Fo~ Total Graduates 13 Dropouts 17 Discharges 17 ___________Wavel&II___________ combined More than None One Two Three Four Four *42 25 10 4 3 !~ 42 27 11 42 31 9 2 ~ 12 44 30 9 40 23 11 5 4 14 38 25 13 49 21 8 3 2 15 46 25 10 43 23 64 31 the Job Carps. PAGENO="0495" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 491 19. What Doing Now In this second wave over two thirds of the graduates are working compared with 54 percent of the dropouts and 55 percent of the discharges: PAGENO="0496" 492 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 CURRENT STATUS 20. ________________ - Working Now- In School Now- In- Un- Working Before In School Before Working School employed Other Job Corps Job Corps % % ~ ~ Yo ~ Total 58 9 34 ~2~ates ~ 27 Grad-Negro 66 10 25 Grad-White 64 5 29 Grad-Urban 64 7 29 Grad-Conservation 70 8 20 D~~outs 54 9 38 Dropout-Negro 51 9 41 Dropout-White 57 9 37 Dropout-Urban 60 10 35 Dropout-Conservation 54 8 38 ui~T~àrges 55 9 38 Kegion North North Central South West 2 +14 -1 1-8 :7 3 +24 -l +24 -4 3 +17 _1 5 +2~ __~6__~ +13 -1 1 +5 -3 2 +20 +1 * +24 +2 2 +6 _______ -1 _______ t2_____ -2 4 +14 -1 3 +15 -1 2 +12 -2 1 +19 +2 S~/Type of Center +12 -1 Men 59 8 33 2 -1 Urban 61 8 33 2 +19 Conservation 58 8 33 2 +10 -3 Women 46 12 43 3 +19 Rice Negro 58 9 33 2 +10 +20 -3 White 59 8 34 2 ~i- Under 18 49 13 40 3 +10 -3 18-19 59 8 33 2 +16 +1 20 and over Ii~~h of Time in Job Corps 67 5 29 1 +15 Less than 3 months 55 10 37 1 +18 -1 3-6 months 54 9 37 3 +10 - -4 More than 6 months 68 6 26 2 +16 63 7 27 54 10 38 60 8 33 49 12 43 ~Note: Approximately 3% in Wave II are both working and going to school. PAGENO="0497" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 493 21. CURRENT STATUS Wave & II Combined Working Now- In School Now- In- Un- Working Before In School Before Working School employed Other Job Corps Job Corps % -~--- % -~-- % Total ~3~ates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation 58 ~ 68 62 65 68 9 35 ~y 9 24 7 32 8 29 9 23 2 ~ 2 3 2 2 +9 ~ +10 +17 +13 +10 Di~pouts Dropout-Negro Dropout-White DropoUt-Urban Dropout-Conservation 53 52 54 56 ~ 10 ~o 10 11 9 39 41 39 38 39 1 1 2 * i + 5 - 1 +11 +12 j. uis~hàrges cc ~fl ~t7 1 + 6 -2 -2 +1 +2 +3 +1 -2 sex/Type of Center Men 58 9 35 1 +7 Urban 60 9 34 1 +13 Conservation 57 9 35 1 + 2 Women 48 12 39 6 +18 R~ce Negro 58 9 34 1 + 4 -2 White 57 9 36 2 +13 +1 A~e Under 18 47 14 42 2 + 6 -1 18-19 59 9 34 2 +11 -1 20 and over 64 6 31 1 + 6 +2 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months 52 55 68 12 10 6 40 37 26 1 2 2 +10 + 3 +14 +1 +1 -3 Kegion North North Central South West 67 9 25 55 10 37 59 8 34 45 14 46 3 +15 2 +14 1 +5 1 +7 -2 +3 80-084 0 - 67 - 32 PAGENO="0498" 494 ECONOMiC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 22. If the 7 percent of all contacts who are in the military are included the overall figures are as follows: Wove I & II Wave II Combined ~ Working 54 54 In school 8 8 In military 7 7 Unemployed 32 33 Other 2 2 Type Of Job In the second wave fewer graduates than dropouts or discharges are in service occupations and more are in machine trades and structural work: PAGENO="0499" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 495 23. TYPE OF JOB (Base: Now Working = 58%58%) __________________________*Wave II Race Sex Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges ~ White Men Women % % % % % % % % Professional, technical 5 6 4 6 7 3 3 34 Clerical and Sales 9 8 8 14 9 10 8 20 Service 24 19 24 35 25 20 23 24 Farming, fishing 4 7 5 6 5 6 2 Processing 6 6 4 5 6 6 - Machine trades 11 7 8 6 11 11 11 16 Bench work 6 7 5 6 6 7 6 - Structural 12 15 11 5 14 9 13 - Miscellaneous 23 18 27 19 17 29 24 4 ____________________Wave I & II Combined______________________________ Race Sex Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Negro White Men Women % % %~ % % % % % Professional, technical 5 7 4 5 7 3 4 31 Clerical and Sales 9 10 8 9 9 9 7 29 Service 24 21 24 31 26 21 24 25 Farming, fishing 5 3 6 5 5 5 5 1 Processing 6 6 6 6 5 7 6 - Machinetrades 11 14 9 9 9 13 11 11 Bench work 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 - Structural 11 13 12 6 12 10 12 - Miscellaneous 23 19 25 22 20 25 24 3 PAGENO="0500" 496 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 24. in the second wave, one third of the women who are now working are in technical fields, particularly nursing. This compares with 7 percent before the Job Corps. Full Time or Part Time Job Now For most of those now working, the job is full time. This is more true of graduates than other types of terminations and more true of men than women: FULL TIME OR PART TIME JOB (Base: Now Working 58%) Length of Time in Job Corps Less Than 3-6 More Than Total Graduates Dropouts Discharges Men Women 3 months months 6 months _%__ % % __%__ ~ % -~-37;-- % Full time 85 89 81 82 86 71 79 83 90 Part time or seasonal 15 11 19 18 14 29 21 17 10 Number of Hours a Week Now Working The median number of hours of those now working in Wave II is 36.8 compared to 37.1 for the first wave. PAGENO="0501" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 497 25. NUMBER OF HOURS WORKING (Base: Working Now = 58% - 58%) Wave II Sex Race Total Graduates Dropouts Dscharges Men Women Negro WFiif~ % % % % % % % % Under 17 4 1 6 4 3 16 3 3 17-24 2 2 3 3 3 - 1 4 25-32 10 7 11 15 9 18 10 10 33 - 40 56 65 48 52 55 56 62 49 40 or more 28 25 32 26 30 10 24 34 Median hours 36.8 36.9 37.0 36.3 37.1 34.3 36.6 37.4 Change from pre-Job Corps +.3 +.4 +.3 -.3 +.4 -1.1 -.2 +1.1 -Wave I & II Combined Sex Race Total Graduate\ Dropouts Discharges Men Women Negro White -ez--- % % % ~ ~ ~ Under 17 5 2 \8 4 5 11 4 6 17-24 2 2 \3 3 - 3. - 1 4 25-32 9 6 10 11 8 19 9 9 33 - 40 55 65 47 50 54 59 59 48 40 or more 29 25 32 32 30 11 27 33 Median hours 36.9 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.0 34.7 36.9 37.2 Change from pre-Job Corps -.1 -.3 -.1 -.3 -.2 +.1 - - Women are working somewhat less than men but there is generally little difference between the two groups. PAGENO="0502" 498 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 26. Current Hourly Rate The pattern of Wave I is repeated in Wave II: graduates have a higher median hourly pay rate and a larger increase over the pre-Job Corps earnings than do the dropouts or discharges. PAGENO="0503" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 499 HOURLY PAY RATE (Base: Working Now =58%-58%) 27. Total Graduates Grad-Negro Grad-White Grad-Urban Grad-Conservation Region North North Central South 6 22 35 17 8 3 17 33 21 9 4 14 34 22 10 2 21 30 22 8 3 15 32 21 10 2 17 38 21 6 3 5 $1.41 $+.22 4 8 1.48 +.28 5 6 1.49 +.27 2 10 1.47 +.32 6 7 1.50 +.27 - 10 1.45 +.27 Change From Under $1 .01 $1 .26 $1 .51 Si .76 $2.01 S2.26 Over Pre-Job $1.00 -.1.25 --1.50 -1.75 -2.00 -2.25 -2.50 $2.50 Median Corps -~-- -~;-- -~- -~- -~-- -~--- -~c -~7;- Dropouts 8 23 35 15 8 3 2 6 1 .39 +21 Dropout-Negro 6 29 38 11 8 3 1 4 1.35 +.18 Dropout-White 9 20 36 17 8 4 2 4 1.40 ÷.20 Dropout-Urban 6 16 40 15 11 4 1 7 1.43 +.19 Dropout-Conservation 8 28 33 16 6 3 2 4 1 .36 +.18 Discharges 10 30 32 14 3 3 4 4 1 .33 +14 Sex/Type of Center Men 6 21 35 17 8 4 3 6 1.41 +.21 Urban 4 17 36 18 10 5 4 6 1.45 ÷23 Conservation 7 26 35 17 5 3 2 5 1.37 +19 Women 14 36 23 17 4 - - 6 1.25 +20 Race Negro 6 23 34 16 8 4 4 5 1.40 +21 White 8 20 34 18 7 4 2 7 1.41 +.22 Age Under 18 9 31 40 12 2 1 1 4 1.31 +17 18-19 6 22 33 18 9 5 2 5 1.42 +.22 20and over 5 14 32 20 10 6 5 8 1.49 +.27 Length of Time in Job Corps Less than 3 months 8 27 42 10 5 1 2 5 1 .34 +.15 3-6 months 9 23 30 20 7 5 1 5 1 .40 +20 More than 6 months 2 15 32 21 11 6 5 8 1.51 +.32 4 7 28 28 17 6 5 5 1.60 +32 3 26 26 16 4 5 5 15 1.45 +.25 8 24 38 14 6 4 2 4 1.37 ±.22 7 23 34 13 8 3 3 9 1.40 +.19 West PAGENO="0504" 500 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 HOURLY PAY RATE (Base: Working Now 58%-58%) _Wave I & II Combined 28. Change From Under $1 .01 $1 .26 $1 .51 $1 .76 S2.01 $2.26 Over Pre-Job $1.00 1.25 -1.50 -1.75 -2.00 -2.25 -2.50 $2.50 Median Corps -~-- -~- -.-~- -~-- __%__ ____%__ __%___ ___%__ -- Total G~t~tes 7 ~ 21 17 34 3~ 16 21 8 V 5 6 6 6 3 ~ $1.41 T~ 5+23 ~T3U Grad-Negro 3 16 32 21 11 6 7 4 1.49 +.29 Grad-White 5 17 33 22 6 6 4 7 1 .46 +32 Grad-Urban 3 14 31 21 9 7 9 6 1 .53 +.33 Grad-Conservation 4 18 35 20 9 7 2 5 1 .45 +.29 Dropouts - 8 23 35 14 7 5 5 3 1.39 +21 Dropout-Negro 8 25 38 13 5 4 4 3 1 .36 +.1 9 Dropout-White 9 21 33 14 9 6 5 3 1.40 +.22 Dropout-Urban 6 18 36 15 10 5 6 4 1.43 +.22 Dropout-Conservation 10 26 34 14 .~. ..~. 4 2 1.35 +17 u scharaes 9 30 32 1 3 3 4 6 3 1 34 + 1 Is Sex/Type of Center Men 6 21 34 16 8 5 6 4 1.42 +.23 Urban 4 17 34 18 9 6 8 4 1.46 +25 Conservation 8 25 35 15 6 4 3 4 1 .37 +.20 Women 14 34 27 12 3 3 3 4 1 .27 +.2L Race Negro 5 23 34 16 8 5 6 3 1.41 +.23 White 9 20 33 16 7 6 5 4 1.41 +.24 Age Under 18 18-19 20 and over Length of Time In Job Corp~ Less than 3 months 3-6 months More than 6 months 10 29 37 13 3 2 3 3 1.32 +20 6 22 33 16 8 6 6 3 1.42 +.24 5 16 32 18 10 6 8 5 1.48 -t-.26 Region North North Central South 8 26 38 11 6 3 9 23 32 18 6 5 3 15 32 20 10 7 4 4 1.36 +19 5 2 1.40 +.22 8 5 1.50 +33 3 9 30 27 14 6 8 3 1.57 +.32 2 22 22 15 8 10 13 8 1.57 +36 9 24 38 14 6 4 3 2 1.36 +.22 6 24 30 13 7 6 7 7 1.42 +16 West PAGENO="0505" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 501 Mr. KELLY. If I may make one more point, it is interesting to note that about the time that the Louis Harris survey was carried m the papers, there was another survey made by the U.S. Chamber of Com- merce, and in the TJ.S. Chamber of Commerce survey, and I must say that even though some of the results we are going to show you here I think the sample was too small to be an accurate survey, nevertheless one of the things that was not pointed out was the fact that on page 24 of the chamber of commerce survey 76 percent formerly unem- ployed or underemployed youths have been gainfully employed after Job Corps, 87 percent of the enrollees said the training was good to excellent; 86 percent said the program was good to great; 71 percent of the employers rate work habits as satisfactory to excellent; 80 percent of the employers rate training as satisfactory to excellent; 81 rate skills satisfactory to excellent, and the median wages are $1.51 to $1.70 per hour. Mr. GIBBONS. I ask that this chart be included. Chairman PERKINS. Without objection. (The chart to be supplied follows:) THE U.S. CHAMBER 01' COMMERCE REPORT A MORE DETAILED LOOK Page 24: "76% formerly unemployed or underemployed youths have been gain- fully employed after Job Corps." Page 25: 87% of enrollees said the training was "good to excellent." Page 25: 86% said the program was "good to great." Page 30: 71% of the employers rate work habits as "satisfactory to excel- lent." Page 30. 81% of the employers rate skills as "satisfactory to excellent." Page 31: 80% of employers rate training as "satisfactory to excellent." Page 31: Median wages of those working is from $1.51 to $1.70 per hour. The report does not include those entering military or school. Mr. GYPrLIEB. I think it would be a great mistake to understand that the Job Corps is raiding high schools to get enrollees or that it is taking $1.75 an hour earners. If we take a high school youngster, it is some- body whose educational ability does not reflect that certificate, some- body who has not been able to function as a satisfactory citizen, some- body who has so many problems that that piece of paper doesn't mean a thing. As far as our taking those who work at even $1.75, there may be some youngsters who came close to that on a part-time basis. We looked at the social security earnings of these youngsters and found that the average earnings were $639 per year and that many of them had not worked more than two and a half quarters a year. There is very often a discrepancy about how much people say they earn and how much they get, and finally the Job Corps is a voluntary program made especially for those youngsters who want to do some- th1ng with themselves and who recognize their problem and are `look- ing for an opportunity to become in fact productive and responsible citizens. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Goodell. Mrs. GREEN. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. GOODELL. Yes. Mrs. GREEN. I respectfully request that those charts on the Harris survey related to the high school graduates and the records of unem- ployment be made a part of the record at this point PAGENO="0506" 502 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Chairman PERKINS. Without objection, SO ordered. (The documents to be supplied follow:) FuLL INTERVIEWS WITH 1161 ENROLLEES WHO HAD Nor COMPLETED A PROGRAM Pre-Job Corps-Non Completers: Page 10: 56% were working, of which 66% full time, 34% part time. Page 14: 12% in school. 30% unemployed. Page 14: 66% earning between 75~ and $1.25 an hour. Post-Job Corps-Non Completers: Page 87: 54% working, of which 83% full time, 17% part time. 10% in school. 5% in military. 32% unemployed, of these 60% looking for work, 18% trying to go school or military, 16% trying to re-join Job Corps. Page 66: 60% earnings wages greater than $1.25 an hour. Enter Job Corps because they wanted to learn a trade, get an education, out of school, and out of work. Left due to fights, homesickness, too much discipline, too many Negroes. Page 67: "Any contact with Job Corps can improve employment potential." Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Goodell. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Kelly, since you put in chamber of commerce charts, I think the record should make clear, as I recall, that that was a survey of graduates who had completed training in the Job Corps, was it not? Mr. KELLY. It was a survey on 192 youngsters that had come ou~ of the Job Corps. Mr. GOODELL. Whohad completed training and were graduates? Mr. KELLY. They had completed a program component, not neces- sarily gone through an entire program. As a matter of fact, when I say program component, I pointed that out earlier when we were looking at the charts. They would have completed, let's say, the tuneup phase, for example, of the automotive mechanics program. Mr. GOODELL. They were not people who were discharged or who were terminated prior to completing the phase of their training that they embarked upon. Is that correct? Mr. KELLY. Well, again, Congressman Goodell, the Job Corps pro- gram is a voluntary program. Mr. GOODELL. I will suspend the question. I don't want to get into an argument of who is. a graduate and who isn't a graduate and how long they were in training. Mr. KELLY. I am not trying to be elusive, Congressman. Mr. GOODELL. It was my understanding that the survey was based upon names given to the chamber by the Job Corps group of people who had completed training and were graduates. If you wish to define what you mean by graduation, I'll be glad to go into that. We have a great deal of difference here. You often define a graduate, or one com- pleting training, in certain releases that you make, as someone who has been in the Job Corps more than 30 days. I think we ought to get your various categories very clear. Let me say at the outset, from our viewpoint this year on this side of the aisle, that I think it is a rather happy situation, that so much time is being spent talking about proposals that we are making. This is in considerable contrast to past years. PAGENO="0507" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 503 In 1961, as Mrs. Green will recall, and again in 1962 and 1963, we were fighting for the principle of residential training in very much the language that Dr. Gottlieb used, to the effect that a certain number of youngsters must be removed from their environment, home or neighborhood or community, in order to respond to training. There was no dispute as to the objective and basic approac.h of get- ting these youngsters out of their environment. We are concerned, how- ever, that the Job Corps is one of the least efficient ways to accom- plish this objective. I use the word "efficient" not just in terms of dol- lars cost. After all, if we have a certain number of dollars avail- able and we take twice as much money to take care of a single young- ster as we could in some other approach, then we have deprived an - other youngster of that opportunity. It concerns some of us that your statistics which give a good im- pression overall are somewhat superficial. Apparently, from every statistic we are able to find, only one-quarter of those who are now working, who were in Job Corps, say they are using Job Corps train- ing. One-quarter is a rather troubling statistic. These are just the ones that are working, to say nothing of those who haven't gotten jobs. Apparently only about half of those who have been exposed to the Job Corps have found jobs. The best statistics we can find here show that only one out of 10 found a job with direct placement assistance from the Job Corps-one out of 10 of those who are working. Mr. KELLY. I am sorry, Congressman. I don't know the source of the statistics you are using. Mr. GOODELL. For some time I tried to get a copy of the Harris sur- vey and a few other surveys. Finally, with great difficulty, I got a copy of them, and it states specifically, right in your Harris survey, that one in 10 found the job they have with direct phicement assistance from the Job Corps. Further, it indicates that less than one-quarter of those working say they are using Job Corps training. It is also in the survey that 41 percent of the total who have been ex- posed-this 73,000 that you are talking about-41 percent said they were worse off or the same. In addition, 3 percent said they are not sure. Dr. Gottlieb shakes his head. I am quoting from the Harris sur- vey, and I am sure that there may be other surveys, and we want them all in the record. It is rather appalling to me that a congressional committee, almost 3 years after we launch a war on poverty, must rely for statistics on sur- veys done by a polling service with reference to youngsters on whom we have spent anywhere from $6,000 to $12,000 a year to help them. Why are we, at this stage, having to rely on surveys taken by a poll- ing organization? This certainly seems to me to indicate a lack of fol- lowthrough by OEO, not to mention these statistics about lack of assistance in getting jobs. Chairman PERKINS. Your time has run out. The witness will answer the question. Mr. GOTTLIEB. There are several answers. The copies of the Harris surveys are available. Mr. GOODELL. I know they are now. Many of us tried to secure copies for a number of months before they finally slipped through the guards, I guess. PAGENO="0508" 504 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. KELLY. I didn't see the Harris survey until January because it wasn't delivered until January. Mr. GOODELL. All right. Since January we tried to get it. I saw it for the first time a month ago. Mrs. Green says she hasn't. got it yet. Chairman PERKINS. The gentleman's time has expired. Mr. GOODELL. I threw quite a bit at them, Mr. Chairman. Mr. GOTTLIEB. The Harris surveys have all been in the OEO library for everybody to read since January. Mr. GOODELL. You say that, but a Congressman can go to your library where there is a single copy and lie can sit in your library and lie finds that half the things are not available. That they are out some- where and there is only one copy. If they were available since January, it is unknown to our people who have tried to go `there and use them. Proceed. Mr. GOTrLIEB. I would like to make the second point of why we waited so long to get data and why we went to survey. There are thousands of universities in this country who have been in business over 150 years who could not. tell you today what their students are doing, whether they are employed, how much they are earning, whether there is any correlation about how long they stayed in the university and their reading and math ability. The Job Corps has set up an evaluation system and it hasn't taken us 150 years; in less than 2 years we have an evaluation system that allows us to say somthing in great detail about every youngster who comes in, what happens to him in the program, and what happens to him 6, 12, and 18 months after. It did take us almost 2 years to im- plement that system. Mr. 000DELL. Dr. Gottlieb, if I may interrupt for just a moment, almost any university knows a great deal more about its students when they enter than you know about your enrollees at the time they go into the Job Corps. Almost every university probably has better statistics about what their graduates are doing now. Mr. BRADEMAS. I am not so much concerned that I get my own time, Mr. Chairman, but there are other members. Mr. G000ELL. I will explain that the chairman took 12 minutes on the 5-minute rule, and Mrs. Green went beyond 5 minutes. Mr. BRADEMAS. I have no desire to cut off the gentleman, as I am sure he is very well aware, but there are other members on the com- mittee on his side as well as ours who might like to have 5 minutes. I hope, Mr. Chairman, you will hold me rigidly to 5 minutes so that our other colleagues will have the opportunity to ask questions. One of the things that has most struck me about. your testimony, Mr. Kelly, is the nature of the profile of the Job Corps enrollee as well as the kind of program that you provide that enrollee. I make this observation and ask you for a comment. The suggestion seems to be made that we can in effect turn `the Job Corps type pro- gram into a vocational type program. Have you any general comment first, on the difference between a vocational school enrollee and a Job Corps enrollee; and second, on the difference between the kind of a program which is normally provided someone who goes to a vocational school and the kind of program you provide in the Job Corps? PAGENO="0509" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 505 Mr. KELLY. We made just such a comparison, Congressman Bra- demas, on page 86 of your booklet and Dr. Gottlieb has a comment on that. Mr. GOTrLIEB. There are several comparisons made comparing Job Corps enrollees, Neighborhood Youth Corps,. MDTA, private voca- tional education, and public vocational education wherever we were able to get data from these other programs to make comparisons. In addition, on page 88 there is a triangle which shows the clientele that are handled by the various programs. In every comparison that we have been able to do it is clear that our youngsters are most deprived from an educational point of view, from a medical point of view, and in terms of the poverty backgrounds they come from. One thing is apparent, that long before we even put our youngsters into vocational training there is so much more that has to be done first. We have youngsters that we cannot enroll in our own vocational training be~ cause they. can't read a blueprint, don't know what a ruler is and how to handle it. You don't put these people into a vocational training program. Mr. KELLY. On page 86 you will note that this private vocational education, 84 percent of the youngsters that go into that program have completed high school where only about 10 percent of our young sters have completed high school that come into the Job Corps. think that is an important measure. I was up at Camp Kilmer not long ago and one of the difficulties we were having there is that we had a number of youngsters there that before they could get into the welding program-and they indi- cated they wanted to be welders-they could. not read well enough to read the very elemental welding manual that we had put together and they were discouraged because they had seen other kids with torches and tanks who were cutting metal and they could not under- stand why they could not do that until basic education was upgraded. Mr. BRADEMAS. In this committee we are also considering right now vocational education legislation to improve and strengthen the quality of the traditional vocational education in our country because we find that it is not doing an adequate job in terms of meeting job require- ments. I have another question, Mr. Chairman. We have heard a lot of testimony in the past and read newspaper stories about Job Corps enrollees getting into trouble in the various communities where Job Corps centers are located. I would like to ask if you find this a continuing problem and if you are still receiving widespread complaints? Mr. KELLY. Let me say, Congressman Brademas, that I was very curious about that when I became Director of the Job Corps and one of the things I did in the late spring was to write a letter to law en- forcement officers all over the country that were adjacent to Job Corps centers. I also wrote the same kind of letter to mayors of towns and cities. I also wrote the same kind of a letter to the chambers of com- merce that were located in these places and the overwhelming response that I got was that the Job Corps was a good neighbor, that the Job Corps problem incidents with the police were very low. As a matter of fact, I got a number of these letters. PAGENO="0510" 506 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Here, R. A. Miles, the chief of police of Austin, Tex., says: "I might add that I do believe that it is an excellent thing. One of the staff at Camp Perry made the remark they had a 24-percent dropout rate a~nd I pointed out to him that since their group had about a 90-percent dropout rate from school that I believe that instead of looking at the 24-percent dropout rate it should be looked at as a 26-percent reten- tion rate," as a matter of fact rather than reading all of these could I put them in the record as this point. Mr. BRADEMAS. I ask unanimous consent that that be done. Chairman PERKINS. Without objection, so ordered. Mr. KELLY. We will put in the negative letters, too, five generally negative letters. (The letters to be supplied follow:) PAGENO="0511" PAGENO="0512" 508 ECONOMIC OPPORTIJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Develop understanding and good will on the part of the support \ communities towards the Job Corps Center community and its program. Than nel community interest into positive support and assistance means of more effective and meaningful liaison with com- inity officials and agencies, news media, private groups and their leadership, and individual citizens. St~ngthpn the center's basic program for the Corpsmembers' social development and citizenship training by means of corn- pleméntary programs on and off the center, including whenever possible the integration and coordination of center activities and community life, development of person-to-person exchange, and practice~f community service. (From the Men's and Women's Centers Policy Manual, 1967.) The basic policy objectives of Job Corps community relations and blic affairs ... are to: \ PAGENO="0513" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 509 COMMUNITY RELATIONS I. Community Relations Councils A. Purpose B. Number of Councils and Composition C. Types of Councils and Legal Status D. Minutes of Typical Council Meeting IL Community Attitudes.. Letters to the Director of Job Corps A. 54 Support Program B. 17 Previous Apprehension-Now Support C. 1 Strong Opposition D. 5 Generally Negative but not Opposed E. 17 Non-Committal F. Supplementary Letters IlL "Salute To Communities Week" A. Proposed Activities B. Results IV. Community Service Projects A. Nebraska Centennial B. Flood Control Assistance C. Preservation of Wildlife D. Community Clean-Up! Beautification E. Hosting An Xmas Party for Children OEO Release: "Job Corps Youth, Neighboring Communities Help Each Other" V. Finale 80-084 0 - 67 - 33 PAGENO="0514" 510 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 L Cornrnun~iity R atio~ni~ O~u~cfl~ A. PURPOSE it is vitally necessary that positive center-community relations be maintained; an organized, continuously working partnership must be established between the center and the community at all levels. If planned and carried out with the interests and needs of both in mind, the most effective instrument for this is the Community Relations Council. "The Council can be an important part of fast, friendly, frank and accurate communications between the center and its support communities. It should act as a sounding-board. It should provide--through the channels and community resources at hand--worthwhile social, recreational and even educational activities for the Job Corpsmen during their training And the Corpsmen can, through the council's auspices, participate meaningfully in community affairs, in special events, and in joint projects." (from the Manual for Job Corps Community Relations, 1966.) B. NUMBER OF COUNCILS AND COMPOSITION There are 152 Community Relations and Youth Councils organized, comprised of approximately 2,584 members across the nation. These members represent the following areas of interest and responsibility: City Government Minority Groups State and County Government Human Relations Agencies Education Legal Profession Business and Industry Law Enforcement Youth Labor Unions Anti-Poverty Agencies Press/News Media Churches Women's Organizations Social/Service Groups Arts and Letters Medical Profession Institutions Miscellaneous Professiors Job Corps Center Staff Individual Citizens Other Federal Agencies PAGENO="0515" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 511 C. TYPES OF COUNCILS AND LEGAL STATUS Various types of councils are formed, depending upon the local circumstances--by reason of geography, proximity to other centers, and patterns of trading and recreation for the center. The different types include: between one town and one Job Corps center; between communities which are neighbors to two or more Job Corps centers, and perhaps involving both contractor-operated Urban Centers and the agency-operated Conservation Centers; youth cou ncils; and special councils such as a business! industry or law enforcement support group. Separate youth councils are still in the experimental stage, and their formation continues to depend upon the local needs and upon the expressed desires of the Job Corps center's student government. The centers do, however, generally involve the Corps members-- individually, through the center's student government as such or through other student and interest groups -- in outside youth activities and liaison. A Community Relations Council is not an official committee appointed by the Office of Economic Opportunity or its agents. Consequently, the Council's activities and decisions can have no binding effect upon the Federal Government, which administers the Job Corps program. D. MINUTES OF A TYPICAL COUNCIL MEET1NG (Attacheo: Bar Harbor Council meeting, between Acadia Job Corps Center and representatives of communities in the area. Meeting was in 1966.) PAGENO="0516" 512 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 BAR HARBOR - JOB CORPS CCBINUNITY RELATIONS COUNCIL MEETING MINITFES Dear Cotrmtunlty Relations Council Member: Here are the `Minutes" of the May 12th meeting of the Bar Harl,or - Job Corps Cntmminity Relations Council. Present at the meeting were: George 0. Barker Leslie C. Brewer Thomas B. Hyde Lyman J. Kane Richard S. Libby Caswell M. Wood Hoyt H. Wilcox and one guest: Eugene Allen, District Field Supervisor The proposed development of the Main Street recreation area with Job Corps help has been at least temporarily stopped due to an uncertainty of land ownership, according to Town Manager Cole. The development of a running track on the federal property adjoining the Main Street recreation area may proceed inrnediately, according to Superintendent Hyde. Deputy Director for Work Fruin and Mr. Wood will coordinate the necessary arrangements. Job Corps will provide equipment, supervision, planning and labor as needed. The proposed redevelopment of the grammar school grounds which is a combined effort among the Soil Conservation District, the Town of Bar Harbor, and Job Corps, is slated to get under way on June 8. Mr. Brewer presented a draft of a letter which can be circulated to all interested townsmen and Job Corpsmen. This letter was developed by Mr. Brewer as a result of his last meeting's suggestion by which all concerned will help the get-acquainted process between townspeople and Job Corps people through the simple expedient of saying hello. Lapel pins and such devices may eventually be used if this campaign gathers sufficient momentum. Job Corps will mimeograph copies of this letter on paper supplied by Mr. Brewer and distribution will be made accompanying bank statements, light bills, etc. Mr. Wood and Mr. Wilcox are exploring means by which high school youngsters and Job Corpsmen may get better acquainted. This will be started by teams from each group visiting the activities of the other. In other words, 10 or 12 Job Corpsmen spending perhaps half a day in high school sessions and vice versa, with high school volunteers attending Job Corps education and work sessions. It may be possible to develop youth forums in the future. There has been an offer from the high school French Club to Job Corpsmen entertainers who might wish to join the club in presenting its annual variety show on May 23. Corpsmen have accepted and arrangements are being made. PAGENO="0517" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 513 Police Chief Kepe mentioned areas of discontent developing in the community which relate to the activities of Corpsmen in the community for recreation purposea during the past weekend. Both Chief Kane and Mr. Wilcox regard these matters very seriously and steps will be taken among Corpsmen which, it is hoped, will lead to improved social relationships. Job Corpsmen will not be permitted inside of the police station which they have inadvertently come to regard as a bus stop building. Mr. Barker was very concerned over the social relationships which developed between Corpsmen and town youngsters gt the dance Saturday night. Steps will be taken to orient corpsmen further to the type~ of social relationships which are acceptable in Bar Harbor. Mr. Brewey made the excellent suggestion that Job Corps produce and publish a list of key staff members and their functions as an aid in facilitating communications among Town officials and Job Corps officials concerning mgtters of mutual interest. Job Corps will prepare and distribute such a lAst in the very near future. Chief Kane offered to present a program to Job Corpsmen called, "Youth and the Law." This suggestion was heartily welcomed, and Chief Kane wIll take suitable action. A concern was expressed by several that some of the town folk may ffeel that Jab Corps staff members feel somewhat aloof and apart. Special sessions wIll be indst-iated on the Job Corps staff to help their preventing any such impressions in the future. Sincerely yours, ~Wilcox"4 Center Director Acadia Job Corps Conservation Center N~t1onal Pg~k Service (Interior) ~Iarbor~Iin~~J PAGENO="0518" 514 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Battle Creek Enquirer & News March 29, 1967 Community-Corps Counci~ Picks Officers, Sets Goak Gerald M. Cole, agency as- ment and fellowship for corps- sistant with Federal Life & Cas-!men through education and as- ualty Co., will `sociations with youth in the corn- serve a second ~ munity. term as chair- tf:~~~', The council moved to formu- man of the Bat- ~" - late and support a concrete pro- tie Creek Corn- gram for participation of Battle munity R e 1 a - ~ 5~-. Creek youth and corpsmen at tions Council for ~ -- `~ ~ tbe Cuhter Job Corps base, the Custer Job 0'., 4 `l'he count-il also voted to cc. Corps Center, ~ `~~`-~ operate with the youth study Mr. Cole was k\~o-~ committee of United Communi. re-elected Tune- Ii; ~ .~ ty Services, and moved to assist day at a meet- ~ /~ e~I the Rattle Creek-Job Corps Joint ing of he couri- eL~' Youth Council. cil. Other ofil- Gerald M. The Community Relations, cers e 1 o c t c d Cole Council will assist the yo;clh were Mrs. Thelma Robinson, council in a car wash planned1 Orst vice chairman; the Rev, from 10 arc, to 4 p.m. Satur.t Lloyd Stauffer of the Church~day, April 8. in the K martl of the Brethren, second vice parking lot. The car wash will be chairman, and Mrs, Nathan Co. sponsored by the council and hen, secretary, area high schools. Elected to the executive corn- Council members also moved mittee were Richard Anthony, to assist the youth council in an! executive director of United invitational skating party from! Community Services; Robe r t12 to 5 p.m. Sunday, April ioJ Newby, regional director of the~Fif cccii representatives from Michigan Civil Rights Comrnis-~each of the area high schools sion, Mrs. .5. G. McCarthy, will be invited to the party. Wayne Cox of the Calhoun! -~ County AFL-CIO Labor Coon- cil; Police Chief Clifford I). I Barney; James Willis, adrnin- `istrative assistant to the Battle Creek city manager, and E. .5. Traut. The purpose of the council' is to provide recreation, enjoy- PAGENO="0519" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 515 IL Community Attitudes OFFICE OF ECONOM ft EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT ~PPO RI U N ~ TV WASHINGTON. D.C. 20506 March 8, 1967 Dear Having recently been appointed Director of Job Corps, I would very much like to know howyou, a )eader of a community in which a Job Corps Center is located, feels about that Center. I am, therefore, taking the 1.iber~y of asking for your frank and honest appraisal about: how it has benefitted your community -- how the young people in the Centers have participated in community affairs - - how they engaged in community projects -- how the Center has proved to he a good neighbor I would be most grateful for your views. I'm sure they will be invaluable in my goal to improve all phases of the Job Corps program. May I hear from you soon? Sincerely, W. P. Kelly Director Job Corps PAGENO="0520" 516 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum TO : W. P. Kelly, ~ DATE: April 7 1967 PROM : BernieR. Diamond, J/C SUBJECT: Current Community Attitude toward Job Corps On March 8, we sent your letter attached to the Mayor, Chief of Police, loading editor, and the President of the Chamber of Con- merce in cacti of 71 different communities supporting Job Corps Centers. We included major support communities in close proximity to all Urban Centers and twelve Conservation Centers selected by the agencies as representatice communities. Several Centers are supported by moce than one commutifty which accounts for the large number of 71. The four week response period we allocated to the project Is up today and we are delighted to report the following results. Responses were received from one or mote representatives in 59 of th~ 71 communities. Letters were received from commsinities in the following States: California klaine Oregon Indiana Missouri Tennessee Iowa Mew York Texas Illinois Nebrauka Utah Kentucky New Jersey Washington Massachusetts Oklahoma Wisconsin Michigan Ohio * West Virginia No response has been received to date from the following communities: Warren, Pa. Blue Jay CC Poplar Bluff, Mo. Poplar Bluff Toppenish, Wash. Fort Simcoe Morton, Wash. Cispus Oregon City, Ore. Timberlake Lewiston, Maine Poland Spring WC Huntington, W. Va. Huntington Columbus, Indiana Atterbury MC HiUSsRe;alaJYIP:JrJlSav;nSsP/an~ PAGENO="0521" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 517 We have attached copies of all letters received as of this date (94). Others may continue to come in but this group represents a very high percentage of returns and we did not want to hold up this report. The letters are divided 5nto five categories. Those tabbed (1) express support for the program and total 54. Those tabbed (2) are letters which indicate apprehension and a negative attitude prior to the establishment of the local Center, but now express support based on actual experience. These total 17. These 17 when added to the 54 tabbed (1) total 71 in support of the program out of the 94 received. The support is expressed because of the way the Centers have assisted the communities with volunteer projects; the attitude of thc Corpsmen and staff; the impact on the local economy the Center has made and because both the Job Corps and the citizens of local conmiunities are doing a better job of getting to know one another. Tab (3) covers the ~y letter received which expresses strong opposition. Tab (4) covers a total of five letters which did not state opposition but were generally negative in their comments. The final group tabbed (5) cover a total of 17 which are either non committal, indicate the addressee is out of town and would answer at a later date, or indicate community is too far from the Center to permit objective answer. PAGENO="0522" 518 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 A0 support for program ~ mu CA~ PUT TOUR CON7TD~PS IN-. March 22, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director Job Corps Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. t~ar Mr. Kelly: It is only recently that I have been actively working with the Job Corps Center here in Outhrie, but I have followed its progress with great interest since the Center first got underway in May of 1966. The general attitude of this coesnunity towards the Job Corps Center may be summed up in the statement that we feel it is our" Center. Most Guthrie citizens are proud of the Center, most realize that the city actually owns the property, and most folks cooperate and help in every manner possible. In reply to your specific questions let me say this: some of the most significant benefits to our ccmrnunity are those that are the most difficult to measure. For instance, how does one measure the educational and social stimulous afforded our town by the presence of 80 or 90 highly intelligent, well-travelled new residents? We' ye heard more good, fact-filled speeches in the past six months, in our civic organizations, than we did in the previous six years. And these are Job Corps speakersi We've never measured it, but most of the town's merchants have felt the irpact of Job Corps dollars. The October, November, December, 1966 period was a difficult time, financially, for the businessmen in most small Oklahoma towns. Not so, Guthriel Mere we enjoyed a 20 percent increase in retail sales over the same period a year earlier, and most of us credit this increase to Job Corps staff and to the young Corpswomen who are, by the way, some of the politest and neatest customers vs have. -continued- STRATEGIC LOCATION . . . QUALITY LABOR .. . ATTRACTIVE INDUSTRIAL SITES ABUNDANT POWER AND FUEL. . . TOP NOTCH SCHOOLS PAGENO="0523" ECONOMIC OPPORTIJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 519 The presence of the young wanen in our town has taught staid old Guthrie scznething about tolerance, about the right to human dignity that all of our citizens have. These lessons are learned slowly, admittedly, but they are being learned. Naturally, becuasethe city of Guthrie owns the Job Corps site, we may expect to benefit materially when and if that site is turned back to us * Job Corps and Philco-Fbrd have both invested considerable sums of money in our site and these are dollars which. will accrue to the ultimate benefit of Guthrie citizens. This fact is generally realized throughout the city and, undoubtedly, contributes materially to the strong support of the Center and the Corpswomen by our citizens. The Outhrie Center staff, intimately aware of the problems of totally integrating I~2S energetic young women into a basically staid, almost stodgy, somewhat upper-middle-aged counmnity, has moved very carefully in its attempts to involve the Corpswomen directly in community affairs. The general policy which they seem to be following is to permit the Corpsaromen to participate only in carefully selected projects which will win for them the popular support of all citizens. For example, Corpswcman have worked on clean-up teams maintaining the neat appearance of the grounds surrounding the Center, on our local Heart Fund campaign; they have contributed from their meagre incomes to our Cerebral Palsy Drive, and spend many hours per week working with local orphanges end in the Head Start program. Just recently a concerted effort has been launched to, fcr the first time, bring Guthrie ~ young people and the Corpswomen into direct social contact through the opening of a downtown Job Corps "canteen". In a town where available young men are in somewhat short supply these I&CO C~rpswomen are generally looked upon as an ever-present danger. whether or not we can overcome this feeling remains to be seen. In any event, the Center's past policy of keeping the young people apart except for well.~anned social affairs, has kept us from any unpleasant incidents. The Job Corps Center, operating under established Philco and Ford policies, has proved to be a fine neighbor. They keep their "house clean", they move quickly and efficiently to take care of any problems which may arise, they purchase locally thus supporting those who supported them, they joined the Chamber of C~morce, giving a substantial contribution on behalf of the Corpswomen, and a large number of the young women attend church each Sunday, which is looked upon rery favorably in this part of the country. I do hope, Mr. Kelly, that this brief run-down will meet your neods. May I extend, on behalf of the town of Guthrie, our warm invitatien for you to personally visit Quthrie to see, first-hand, how smoothly our Center is proceeding and how well regarded the Corpswomen and staff are in the town. Most Sincerely, Charles F. Gerlach, Jr. President Guthrie Chamber of Ce~rco Guthrie, Oklahoma -- PAGENO="0524" 520 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 H. P. Kelly Acting Director, Job Corps HENDERSON. tENTUCKY ~242O Washington, D. C. 20506 March 22, 1967 lloar Mr. Kelly: May I congraguLate you on your appointment as Acting Director of Job Corps, you certainly have a challenging and rewarding job ahead of 1 as grateful for the opportunity to answer any question you nay ask about the training center at Camp Rreckinridge, Kentucky. First, let me say I have been associated with the Center Director, Mr. James Fornear, since the beginning of the program and in my opinion he is not only one of the finest men I have ever known, but the best organ- izer I have ever seen. I saw him take the reins of the Center when it was ready to fall to pieces and make, in my opinion, the leading Job Corp Center in the country. Anytime I have ever asked for help or advice he has never failed yet. Also, he has a wonderful staff working with him of which I have had the pleasure of working with quite frequently. And now to answer your questions: 1. The program has benefited our community not only from the monetary standpoint, but it has brought to this City some of the finest people I have ever met and I sincerely hope they re- main here. Several of the students have found employment and made Henderson their home. 2. The students have participated in numerous community affairs and I'm sure we have only seen the beginning. 3. They are always eager to join any project in our City and I remember the genuine praise they recei~ed during the Christmas holidays when they ~ialped on numerous money-making projects for the needy. 4. The Center has definitely proven to be a good neighbor, as a matter of fact, I think of it as another nereby city. When I need help I always feel free to call on Jim or any member of his staff and I ineist that they do like- wise. I hope I have ass isted you in making your job a little more understanding, and if I can be of further assiotance, please feel free to call. Very truly yours, RENDERSOO POLICE DEPARTMENT Charles West ~ ~ ..~. PAGENO="0525" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 521 Office of Economic March l1~, 3967 Opportunity-Job Corps Mr. W.P. Kelly, Diredtor Executive Office of the President Washington, D.C, 2O~O6 Dear Mr. Kelly: Thank you very much for your letter of March 8, 1967 in which you ask for my reactions to our local Job Corp Center. It is my feeling thmt straight to the shoulder comments will be the most beneficial end whet you desire. I'm afraid I must make a confession at the offset and that is, if you desire criticlzm, my letter will not be overly productive because I find very little to complain about. Because I represent a Building Trades Union it is probably understand- able that I should especially appreciate the significance of the construc- tion of the physical facilities of course the additions. The construction work, at the Fort Vannoy Center has been of great benefit to our community, both employing of local Building Tradesmen and supplying of materials by local Building Supply Companies. To cover all the points I would like to raise I'm afraid I shall not be able to elaborate to the extent I would like to, but I'm certain you will understand. The boys at the Center have given Grants Pass, Oregon citizens an opportunity to learn something of the colored race and I believe on the whole, they have learned. I happen to play softball for one of the town teams and so I've had a first-hand view of the participation of the Job Corps Boys in our community and it has been gratifying to see the enjoyment and response on the part of both the b~ys and the towns people. I understand the Job Corpsmen participate by having a team involved in all sports with which the town has an organized league. I'm aware of the practice of putting the boys in good physical condition when they arrive at the center, especially working on their teeth and I submit to you that this is the best money spent in the program because if the trainees don't feel well I don't see how you can expect them to progress satisfactorily. I am aware of several good deeds that the Corpsmen have been involved in, one being the renovation of toys for the needy children at Christmas. The boys even donated some of their own money to purchase needed materials to repair the toys for the children in town. The boys have also done a great deal of work for the Girl Scout Camps and this is a direct benefit to the citizens of our community. I don't think there is any question but what, considering the acrimony of a certain number of the citizens of Grants Pass at the beginning, the Job CorGs Center has been an OXCollent neighbor. The boys have given the people in Grants Pass an opportunity to enjoy the true meaning of the holl.'inys by being available to their homes. We had the pleasure of the compeny of two boys from the Center over Thanksgiving and by their being with us, it gave us the nicest feeling and I'm sure that the true test of being a good neighbor is to make people feel better than they possibly are. In closing, I think the kindest wish I can make in your behalf is that all the many many people who work in the Job Corps Program are as dedicated, effective end just plain nice as Mr. James Stoop of the Fort Vannoy Job Corps Center.., Without his virtues, which I have partially attempted to enumerate above all, the good things I've been able to report to you would not be true. Hoping this letter serves the purpose intended and congratulations on your appointment, I remain, Sincerely, CC:James Stoop JC:dg `Serr~ Christean PAGENO="0526" 522 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Q~i~ ef in-edo Nd'ruslua March 16, 16(7 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the President Washington, P. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: I am happy to give you my frank appraisal of the lob Corps Center we have located here in lincoln. I am (101 ighted with its operation, with the results thor are achieving for the betterment of the corpsmen and the impact it has had on our cormnunity. In answer to your specific questions, No. 1 - (low has it henefitted our comunitv. Within the last sixty (lays, a new industry started operat ion next to the Job Corps on our former Air Force Base. The president of the corporation, appearing at a local civic club, in answer to a specific question, said ho felt the Job Corps was an added asset that carried substantial weight in their making a decision to come ti lincoln, Nebraska. No. 2 - have the young people in the Center partici- pated in connnunitv affairs. Just recent lv thor baked a 1,061) pound cake to help start off Nebraska's Centennial Celebration. No. 3 - Ilave thor engaged in conmunity projects. There has been some interchange in the field of recreation, and I am confident this will expand into other worthwhile J)rcJects. No. 4 - las the Center proved to be a good neighbor. The management is excellent, the operation is excellent and we have had only minor incidents with corpsmen and they have been very few in masher. Much less trouble than our hhniversitv. S I sin sure you realize we have poeple who are unwilling to recognize the value of the Job Corps because they have not taken the trouble to discover its real merits. But by and large the ccsrriunity has accepted it as a worthwhile part of our city. As more people inspect the facility and discover the fine job that is being done for our young people, the Job Corps enhances its status as an integral part of the life of the City of Lincoln. As Mayor, I had a part in the negotiations that helped establish the Job Corps in Lincoln. I can assure you as I look S back that if I were to do it all over again, I would certainly follow the same route. I think it is an excellent prog for these disadvantaged people. I hope ~ Dean H. Petersen Mayor PAGENO="0527" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 523 - CITY OF MORGANFIELD M000ANFIELD, RENTUCKY 42487 J.E~RLE BELL March Seventeenth 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 20S06 Dear Mr. Kelly: I join with he majority of our people who believe the Job Corps has merit; that it ia doing a good job in moat instances, and that it will improve aa time goea by. Naturally, thore are financial benefits to thia community, and the preckinridge Job Corps Center has added many fine citizens to our city who are to us now just "home folks * On numerous occasions, Job Corpsmen have assisted nearby communities in various projects like restoring the home of a widow with several children, and clearing debris that obstructed vision of kids at a school for retarded children. Last Christmas they came to our city, as well as other cities in the area, and presented some wonderful programs. The local Center has cooperated with us to the fullest extent, and personnel there 13 always anxtous to provide programs for civic groups, aid in local projects, and all of us are constantly being invited to visit the Center and see first hand what is taking place. There ha~ been some undesirable momests, naturally, but I realize a venture of this type cannot operate on a basis of perfection. The Breck Center has a capable director in the person of Jim Fornear, and others affiliated with the Center are some of the finest fol~m I have ever known. One of the big jobs now, as we see it, with the Job Corps program is that of public relations and getting more people to personally visit and see what' a going on instead of sitting back and forming opinions on hearsay. Wishing you much success in your new role as Acting Director of the Job Corps, I am ere].y yo a, * Earle Bell, Mayor, Cit of Berganfiel~, Kentucky. PAGENO="0528" 524 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 SAN NARCOS C hamber of Commerce San Marcoø, Texan 78666 March 17, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Bcting Director Job Corps Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: President Bob Cooper has passe.d on your letter of Mar;i El with the request that I answer your questior in reference to community relations with the Gary Job Corps Center. He realizes that I am nearer to the working relations than he has been due to his business demands. We feel that Gary Job Corps Center has been a real asset * to the city of San Marcos, in fact to the entire area of * this State. In spite of a few items of adverse publicity which accompanies anything governmental these days, Texans * are relatively proud of the fact that Gary is the top rated Center in the nation. Gary has benefited the area and San Marcos economically as * well as physically and socially. We have experienced good relations with the staff, many of whom are serving on city and area development boards. Our relations with the corps- men have been basically very good. Once in awhile, as in military cities, we will experience unpleasantness between local youths and corpsmen, but these are considered routine incidents of life. The majority of the corpsmen fit into * local churches, social groups and sports events very read- ily. We operate a "USO" type downtown lounge for the corpsmen and have found that they are very appreciative of this facility. They keep it in excellant repairs and clean it * regularly. They are proud of this effort. The corpsmen have been welcomed into our community projects and have always carried their share of the load. We find them will- ing to take part, and actually wanting to take part, which ~ PAGENO="0529" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 525 tmage 2 is a good healthy sign of future citizens. Gary is visited constantly by industrialists and business leaders sesrching for future employees of merit, because they have realized that any corpsmen graduating from the Center will be one of the best employees hired. These boys are eager to become a productive citizen and the staff at Gary is training them well in personal responsibility. We have used the corpsmen in programs throughout the area and they always excel due to the individual desire to make good. Of course, we visit regularly with both staff and corpsmen and can assure you that Gary is well received in this area. Tomorrow we are hosting a golf tournament between the Gary staff and the Chamber of Commerce which has found favor throughout the community. We enjoy sporting events together; we have witnessed the staff and corpsmen in action as they work side by side with the townspeople when needed and ap- preciate this effort. We are holding our Annual Banquet of the Chamber at Gary, Friday, April 7, ati7 PM, and I take pleasure in inviting you to attend this affair as my guest and see the Gary Corpsmen in action. Good luck to you in your new position. This is one of America's best programs and the more of it I see the better I like it. When in this area please drop by for a visit. Sincerely, W.W.Cox Manager WWC/md 80-084 0 - 67 - 34 PAGENO="0530" 526 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 CITY OF CAMANCH~ CAMANCH~, IOWA L~arch 15,1967 OFFICE OF Poluce Ch~ef; Mr W.P.Kelly, Acting Director, Job Corp Clinton Iowa, ~~ear Sir: In reply to your letter dated march 8,1967, regarding - our relations with the Job Corp,our city has had no problems with any of the enrol?Lees at the Job corp. As for benefiting the community I will say that it has created employment for several residents of Camanche, Our city has a population of about 3044 people we have no community affairs in which the enrolees could participate in. As far as being good neighbors with Camanche I have stated in the above paragraph that we have had no real problems with them therefore I would have to state that the corp is a very good neighbor. My sincere thought on the Job Corp is that it is a golden opportunity for the underprivileged youngsters of this country to achieve a goal in life that they would other wise be denied. Camanche has five (5) churches in which we would welcome any of your members to attend. 1st ~aptist Church,l000,3rd St, Lutheran Church,l430_Sth St, Methodist Church,812-3rd St Assembly of God Church,2l7-9th Ave. The eatholic faith has no church as yet but are holding there s rvices in ~~arner Hall, 315-9th Ave. Police epartment. Camanche Iowa-52730 PAGENO="0531" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 527 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: CITY OF LINCOLN NEBRASKA sAFETvDAL~L~::E:Tv This will acknowledge your recent letter in which you requested my comments on our relationship with the new job corps center in Lincoln. Our center was established early last summer on our former Lincoln Air Force Base with the first men students starting in September. During the six months, that the center has been in operation I would say that every possible effort has been made for this activity to fit into our community and it has been done very successfully. The company that is responsible for the center has made every possible effort to integrate all of their instruct- ional personnel and students into our community life and I bel- ieve have already achieved this reputation. As to the boys themselves, I would say we have a minimum of problems with them, certainly no more than the average of our own teen age population. Their program is based on adequate rewards for continued progress of the boys in their various educational opportunities and I am convinced that with proper supervision that we will continue to have a minimum of incidents with them. I believe it is a little early in the time the center was established to spec- ifically answer each question that is asked but I hope my general comments have indicated the attitude of our community in th is new activity. EJ:gn L.. Y5~xs very tr 1 ~t2t:~-~1 Emmett J nge, irectp~ Safety a P lic~~? March 17, 1967 PAGENO="0532" 528 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 7 Clearfield Chamber of Commerce A P oofol Ci~y ho Coeoo of Llroh Dofooo Clearffeld, Utah March 16, 1967 W. P. Kelley Director Job Corps. Executive Office of The President Washington, D. C. 20506 De.~r Mr. Kelley: In reply to your letter of March 8, 1967 regarding the Job Corps Center in Clearfield, the following information is submitted. Our community has been benefited by having approximately 500 full time employees working at the Center. Several have rented and live in our community. A few have purchased homes here. We receive some business from these employees, but have realized very little business in direct purchases for the operation of the Job Corps itself. This has been disappointing to us. Since our community is relatively small, approximately 11,000 in populatior~ with few sources of entertainment for youth, we have had little activity or participation from the Job Corps boys in our community. A few attend church services. To date we have not had any particular problems with the youth fighting or causing civil riots or commotion. Some boys have been AWOL and stolen auto's, but generally the youth have gone to the larger cities, Ogden to the North and Salt Lake City to the South when they go on leave. The personnel are very cooperative and interested in working with leaders of the community. Very truly yours, CLEARFIELD CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Golden Stephe son, President GS:bc PAGENO="0533" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITy ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 529 Mayor March 18, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Dear Mr. Kelly: The short time that the Job Corps Center has been located near Sparta does not afford me a real opportunity to analyze, and evaluate the impact of the Corps on our community. However, in answer to your question number one, I would say the addition of the personnel to this area has had an economic impact upon Sparta and ourrounding communities * In answer to questions number two, and three, no community project of major significance has been undertaken to date. Members of the Corps did assist in placing light bulbs in our Christmas Street Decorations, and a toboggan slide was carved out of the snow at the Monroe County recreation hill. In these instances Corps members showed a desire to please, and be helpful. Their spirit of co-operation was excellent. In answer to question number four, there seems to be a sincere desire on the part of the Corps and of the citizens of this community to establish good relations within the groups, and to further a good neighbor policy. I hope the opinions herein expressed will be helpful to you. S~nprely, ~ioward L~ Pe erson Mayor ~ PAGENO="0534" 530 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF ECONOMIC WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506 OPPORTU NIITY March 8, 1967 Mr. J. Donald Murray Editor Fulton Journal Fulton, Illinois Dear Mr. Murray: Having recently been appointee Acting Director of Job Corps, I would very muc~h lik.~ to know how you, a leader of a cosmoinity in whicH a J6b Corps Center is located, feels about that Center~. I am, therefore, takin~g the liberty of asking for your frank and honeat apprfisal about: -- how it has benefitted your community - how the young people in the Centers have participated in comnunity affairs -- how they engaged in community projects -- how the Center has proved to be a good neighbor I would be rost grateful for your views. I'm sure they will be invaluable in my goal to improve all phases of the Job Corps program. May I hear from you soon? Sincerely,, t~: ~ W. . Kelly ~ct'ing Director Job Corps There have been minor problema in oonne~tion with the Clinton Job Corp9, located just across the Mi~si~sippi river from us. I don not think these problems begin to nullify the many advantages inuring to the community from the installation, to say nothing of the good results which may be expected with many of the people who are being trained, The total impact is highly favorable from almost every standpoint. I mould like to see ~he pr~am oomtlnued and extended. ~j Iditor and 2ublio~or, ulton'Journal PAGENO="0535" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 531 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF ECONOMIC WASHINGTON, D.C. 205t)6 ~ll~fl~TE1~!llTY March 8, 1967 Mr.Robert )4elvold Editor Maquoketa Cosaminity Press Maquoketa, Iowa Dear Mr. Melvold: Having recently been appointed acting Director of Job Corps, I would very much like to know how you, a leader of a coamunity in which a Job Corps Center is located, feels about that Center. I am, therefore, taking the liberty of asking for your frank and honest appraisal about: -- how it has benefitted your coimsunity -- how the young people in the Centers have participated in community affairs -- how they engaged in community projects -- how the Center has proved to be a good neighbor I would be most grateful for your views. I'm sure they will be invaluable in my goal to improve all phases of the Job Corps program. May I hear from you soon? Sincerely, Tin ~re hot ~ocat~d in the tvnn of the Job Corps Center. Tie are in a town near-by. / However, many from our community have visited the canter and heartily endorse it. H. P. Kelly From our personal observations me feel it 441flg Director is doing an excellent job. From bhe ness Job Corps releases from there we learn that they do copperate and participate in the Olinton Community. We have printed fleatures on the activit6as of the Center. PTa feel th.e whole area needs to be aquainted with the work there and feel sold on it. Naturally not every girl there has bean. without probe].ms and some have developed but the assests and those who have benefited by it far outway the problems. PAGENO="0536" 532 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~JseA ~4. ~I~ndmo,s, Sl4~iyos Citt~ c~ ~iir~ Oflis. Ph,.,: 942.6166 - R,.fdnn. Ph,.,: 942-5812 Herrin, Illinois 62948 March 10, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic OPPORTUNITY Executive Office of the President Washington, D. 0. 20506 Deer Sir: I am, Mayor Fred A. Henderson, of Herrin, Illinois, and I am on the Board of the Crab Orchard Job Corps. However, I have quit attending the meetings but do think it is one of the finest things that has ever happened. My views are different from some that control the board. I think each and every person regardless of creed, color, or nationality has a place in life and should be given an equal opportunity but I do believe that there is no one that enters the Job Corps that does not know when he is violating the law. I do not believe that it is the place of the Job Corps * officials to make every effort to get them out of all the trouble they get into knowing they are wrong. I think they should abide and be instructed that they have to abide by the * law and if they don't then they should be prosecuted the same as anyone else without interference from the Job Corps Officials. I want to say that I have worked for a living since I was nine years old and there has never been a time in history that anyone willing to work for his own keep couldnot get by. However, I do agree that we need more training for the under- privileged but instruct them that they come under the same laws as all other citizens. Sincerely, MAYOR - City of Herrin fah/jmf Approved: ~j~ole, Chief of Police PAGENO="0537" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 533 .Y COUNCIL POStDBPARTMWJII C g TV 0 F A U ST ~ N B. A. MII.ts.,. FOUNDED BY CONGRESS. REPUBLIC OF TEXAS. 1839 W B MARCH 10, 1967 Mn. W. P. KELLY ACTING DIRECTOR, Joa CORPS OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY WASHINGTON, D. C. 20506 DEAR MR. KELLY: AM ENCLOSING A LETTER WHICH WROTE TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE CAMP GARY JOB CORPS AT SAN MARCOS. IT WILL TELL YOU HOW FEEL ABOUT THE JON CORPS. MIGHT ADD THAT I DO BELIEVE THAT IT IS AN EXCELLENT THING. ONE OF THE STAFF AT CAMP GARY MADE THE REMARK THAT THEY HAD A 24% DROP-OUT RATE AND I POINTED OUT TO HIM THAT SINCE THEIR GROUP HAD ABOUT A 90% DROP-OUT RATE FROM DCHOOL THAT BELIEVED THAT INSTEAD OF LOOKING AT IT AS A 24% DROP-OUT RATE THAT THEY SHOULD LOSE AT IT AS A 76% RETENTION RATE. DO FEEL HOST KINDLY TOWARD THE Jos CORP AND BELIEVE THAT IT HAS GREAT POTENTIAL FOR A LASTING GOOD. SINCERELY, - R. A. MILES CHIEF OF POLICE RAM/NM ENCL. PAGENO="0538" 534 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Ill. lb ~. KILLY AetuiI SIloocTon, JOS COHPO 0~r~cc or Ecoocoic OPPOITUSITY %!AIIIUIITOII, S. C. 20505 02A1 PIN. KELLY: POAICH 10, 1~57 I AU INCLOSING A LITTON WHICH HOOT! TO THI DIRECTOR OP oUr CAMP GAIT Joe Com~N AT SP~PI MAICOO. IT WILL TILL TOO HOW I PIll. A100T Till .0TH CORPS. I OIICIOT AID THAT 1 00 AILICHI THAT IT II HI £OCILLIIIT TRill. 001 OP THE ITAPF AT CAMP GAHY HAOI THI HIH010 THAT THEY HAD A 24% DROP-OUT HAll AHO I POIHTEO OUT TO HIM THAT CIRCE TIIIII A100P HAD AbUT A 00% 010P-OUT ~ATI POOH OCHOOL THAT I IDLIIVEO' THAi InITIAl OP LOON 110 AT IT AO A 24% ONOP-COT NAT! YOST TOOT CI100LO L000 AT' IT AS A 75% ROTEHTIOH NATO. I DO POOL HOST 111101.0 TOWARD THI Joe CorP AND 111.1100 THAT 1? IAN CHEAT POTENTIAL P00 A LASTIIIO GOOD. S IHC111LT, I. A. POLIO CHIEF OF P01.1CC PAGENO="0539" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 535 THE SAINT LOUIS 4595 EASTON / ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63113 / JEfferson 1-1323 Fir. W.P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity 1200 N.lYth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Fir. Kelly I am in receipt of your communication of Plarch 8th requesting my frank and honest apprasials about the St.Louis Job Corps Center for Women. By close association with these young ladies makes me cognizant of the fact that there is a definite need for a program like Job Corps. The center has been henificial to our community in that it has brightened a blighted area. Than the former hospital moved to the county the building was beginning to deteriorate. The area which was becoming a soar snot to the surrounding neiqh- horhood is much clesner, and safer to walk now that the center has around the clock watchmen. Needless to say, the center has greatly increased our economical growth. The young lodiws from the center have participated in several affairs that our reporters have covered. The Christmas Party sponsored by the 8th District Police-Community Relations Corn- sittee (our office is alin in this district), a fashion show sponsored by Rose-Bud Amauty Collene and their contrihution to the Barch of Dimes drive. I am sure that with the aoproach of spring there will he more community affairs for them to participate in. Quite recently our city had a Bond Issue before the voters seeking funds with which to complete the Gateway Rrch. I was told that the St.Lois Job Corps Center for Women did a spi- euclid job for the Bond Issue, and that they were a willing, cooperative and fine group of young ladies. I would like to close by saying that Aleeta Norman, a corps- woman, from the center is working in our office as an appren- tice journalist and writing column for our youth page. With warmest wishes to you and the members of your staff, I am Frank W.Fiitchell, Sr Editor- Publisher I' ~ / Fiarch 14, 1967 PAGENO="0540" 536 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 4: l!s.~.es March lS,1967 Mr. W.P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of ~conomic Opportunity Washington, D~C, Dear Mr. Kelly: In reply to your letter asking my opinion of Job Corps, There is not too much I can tell you as specific answers to your quest ions. Principally, this is because the JC center here is for women and, obtiously, not as involved in community projects as a men's center. I have visited the WJC center several times on vents stories end have found it to be anoarently well run and effective. There are no loud comolaints from residents that I know of--but, again, it is in a downtown area where there is not too much crontact with easily outraged old ladies, as in the Florida fiasco. The nearest ~en's Job Corps center, as you know, is the conserv~tion camp at Penner Canyon in the Falmdale area and when I last visixted there some months ago, community acceptance appeared to be good. There has never been the residential uproar there that has accom- panied the installation of the urban center at Clearfield, Utah, end the proposed Women's Job Corps center at Saugus. Incidennt~lly, I spent three days at Clearfield last week to learn how Thiokol has attempted to overcome corru.cnlty resistance there, tying it in to problems the company is experiencing in Newhall-Saugus. I came away with the distinct impression Thiokol is do~g a hell of a good job and have done a story which is due to run in The Times next Monday. Sorry I Can't be more ioformative. * .but at this moment I seem to l'now a hell of a lot more about Utah than I know about Los Angeles. inca g~ 2~k, a~7~s~ PAGENO="0541" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 537 ~ PRESS HERALD - EVENING EXPRESS r liii; ~ ~art1anb irnin~ ~xpre.. ~crthznb ~unbsg geIr~r,m ~ Ii~H I JIHI~1~ 1~~rt1n.b 3~rr,o ~,ratb POETLAND, MAINE March 13, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: I feel I' should first start out by saying I've heard only good of the Poland Spring Job Corps Center. The facility is about 25 miles from Portland and we generally do not have direct contact with the center. How- ever, our reporters have, since the opening of it, contacted officials and students in the course of their duties and have found all hands cooperative. In the area of benefits to this community, Job Corps trainees are working as nurses' aides at Portland'.s Mercy Hospital and in the Portland Public Health Nursing prbgram. In the latter program they are assisting at well-baby clinics, and with eye-testing programs in the local public schools. Sister Mary Consuela, director of nursing at Mercy Hospital, and Miss Florence Tankevich, Health Department nursing director, both have praised the conduct and ability of the trainees, as well as the ~job corps. I understand that at least one local department story has indicated it is willing to accept a retail sales trainee. Job Corps women have been well received here. PAGENO="0542" 538 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 \ Mr. W. P. Kelly page 2 March 13, 1967 On Thanksgiving Day 55 trainees were entertained in homes throughout the Greater Portland area. We, of course, recorded this in stories and pictures in the Press Herald and Sunday Telegram. Because of the publicity, I understand officials at the center still are receiving invitations for girls to spend weekends and holidays with area residents. More than 30 girls were entertained in Portland homes at Christmas, A couple of weeks ago, 25 girls were entertained by members of the Westbrook Methodist Church. (Westbrook is a community of about 1Z,000, and 5 miles from Portland). The weekend of March 25-26 the church will entertain another group of 25 trainees. Women's Job Corps Week will be observed May 14-20 in Portland, and 30 or more local womeb, headed by Mrs. Kenneth C. 1. Sills, plan special displays, and exhibits in the city during that week.. The Job Corps girls alec have given as well as received! A group recently read and recited for the Williston Club, a church group, and they will entertain the Democratic Women's Club here March 23. Looking at the Center from here, I'd say it all looks good. Sincerely yours, Byron J, Israelson City Editor BJI: jel PAGENO="0543" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 539 - - ______ GREATER SAN FRANCISCO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE CYRIL MAGNIN preedent March 15 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly * Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 20506 My dear Mr. Kelly: In response to your inquiry of March 8, I can offer * the following comments. In attempting to respond to your question, I was faced with the difficulty of having only general knowledge * of the Job Corps and its relation to the community. My general impression was and still is that the Job Corps is responding to one of society's most pressing problems. I have been heartened and encouraged by this commitment. To obtain more specific information, a member of the Chamber's staff looked into the question and offered the following information. 1) There is very little contact between San Francisco and Job Corps' trainees from the five centers in the area. 2) The five centers occasionally send trainees in to spend a day or two in the city. 3) This time is usually spent at the discretion of the trainee and is rarely coordinated with other community activities. 4) The regional Job Corps' staff requested and was denied a position for a community organizer to set up events in San Francisco or Oakland for the trainees.~ 5) Very few incidents have resulted from interaction between trainees and communities they visited. I trust you will find the above comments pertinent to your questions. The Job Corps undoubtedly has great value to the youth involved and the community, and certainly community participation and liaison would be beneficial. Warm r yrilagnin PAGENO="0544" 540 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 The Charleston C*azetfe The State Newspaper Charleston, W. Va. 25330 March 10, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: I am not sufficiently familiar with the routine operations of Charleston's Job Corps Center to answer your specific questions. Speaking both as a private citizen and a spokesman for our newspaper, we're happy that a Job Corps Center has been placed in Charleston, and we hope it remains here for a long time to come. But, as I indicated in my first paragraph docu- menting my general impressions would be an impossibility. From time to time there has been minor friction between "town and gown" but nothing out of the ordinary, and in my opinion far less than many old ladies in tennis shoes had anticipated. Sincerely, WEC, Ill/jab PAGENO="0545" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1997 541 GREATER PORTLAND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 142 FREE STREET PORTLAND- MAINE 04101 EXCCUTIVE Orricr~ L~ Mr. W. P. Kelly Director Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the President Washington, 0. C. 20506 207-773-8121 Mr. Kelli: Spallholz will be out of the city ~~jsid-April. In his absence, `-~Lam_-ta4drr~Se liberty of answering ye -~-eéc~nt letter to him. As with any project of this type, benefits are difficult to measure. am sure that a good part of what is paid to the Job Corps staff as salary finds its way into the economy of our area. Any new money injected into the area's economy, of course, multiplies purchasing power. Because of the distance of the Center from Portland (approximately 30-miles), I'm afraid there has not been much opportunity for the young people to participate in community affairs or projects. With the exception of one or two isolated instances, the community- Center relationship has been excellent. I have talked with many of the people who have had direct contact with both the girls and staff, and everyone is very high in their praise of both. As a member of the Portland Community Council (not a very good one as far as participation is concerned), it has been my personal experience that the Center enjoys the benefit of a highly competent and dedicated staff. ~ been very impressed with the operation of the Center and the efforts put forth to develop a close relationship with the community. Exe utive Vice President ~erch 10, 1967 ~G/cc 80-084 o - 67 - 35 PAGENO="0546" 542 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 March 10, 1967 W.P. Kelly Director Office of ~conomio Opportunity Washington, D.C. Dear Sir: Respectfully yours, ~ ~ `E~ward f~. ~is8\ Chief of Police. SDIFARD F. LSISS 01SF OF POUC (C~d.2Ol) 54~.55OO O~PARTM5P4T OF POLtCS BOROUGH OF METUCHEN MIDDL~S~X COUNTY M~TUCWEN, N. J. lour letter of March 8, 1967 regarding my views of the Job Corps Center located in Edison, New Jersey was received. Being a small borough a few miles away we have had very little contact with the members of said project. However we of the Middlesex County Chiefs of Police were treated to a tour of the entire project last year. I want to state that I was very impressed as was those chiefs present. I felt this was an opportunity of a lifetime for those boys concerned. It is a well worth project and I wish it continued success. Trusting my views meet with your approval, `remain, PAGENO="0547" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 On Its Second AnnIversary 6a~y Job Corps Is. Winning Two years ago this Friday Gary Job Corps Center enrolled Its first students to become on~ of the first and eventually the largest training center for this special segment of the War on Poverty. And while this war has had its stalemates and reverses on several fronts, we feel that.Gary has been winning its part of the war. Best place to look for successis at the boys themselves. We inter- ~ie~('ed two who had been at the center since its opening ("Two of Original 229..." page 1, section Ifl. They showed improvement in job potential, in attitudes as citizens, in physical fitness, and in mental capabilities such as reading, writing and arithmetic. We think.these two are typical of the Job Corps product. Visit with almost anyof the young men and yqu will note an enthusiasm for the future, aconfi- dence,that knowing job skills gives to a man. ~ There has been trouble, but not much, from the corpsmen. Dur. log the first nine months a survey by the Record disclosed that ar- msts of local youths had outnumbered arrests of job corpsmen 48 to 20 in San Marcos and as a general rule the arrests of job corps- men were for less serious offenses such as loitering or petty theft. That record has generally improved as far an the corpsmen are conS cerned, local lawmen attest. But while the trouble-makers grab headlines of the big city press, quietlyand without fanfare Gary has been doing its good work. Many of the boys, feeling the critical eyes of the nation on thEm, have worked uvertime on charitable projects-giving blood, searching for lost chil- dren, holding talent shows and other fund raising affairs for funds to help "the less fortunate." They cooperated with the Jaycees on the Christmas party, for kjds. They worked with the schools to landscape Crockett Elementary. They have planted, pruned, anc~ beautified the librAry and several church yards. They cleared Camp Kiwanis of brush and put a new róof on the Girl Scout building. Not only have the boys added to our community-so have the teachers. Some of the finest teachers and school administrators in Texas have settled here to meet the challenge of Gary. They have brought nw ideas and energy to our clubs, churches, and city. Another great impact, businessmen tell us, is the financial one. The payroll at Gary tops 7½.million! With two years under its belt, Gary has shown remarkable prog- ress. Many call it the finest Job Corps Center in the nation, It has served 6,957 boys, including the more than 8,000 presently enrolled The boys must like it, for the relatively low 20-percent dropout rate of the first half year lessened to it-percent for the last 18 months. * - Gary has done the job that was intended-to help potential wel- fOre cases learn to pull their weight in today's economy. Of the 3.009 who have been placed, most are at work.whilé 133 are bock in school end 302 are in the military. Gary Job Corps Center is winning its battle against povert~r while it helps our community. We salute it on its second anniversary. EXECIITIVE OFFICE OF TIlE pOESI5I~ OFFICE OF ECONOMIC WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506 8, 1967 BAN MARCOS RECORD, Thursday, MarchZi887.-Pa~eø I an, there frank 5~ h -- how -- ho' pa -- ho -- ho i would be be invalu Corps ptoI slay I PAGENO="0548" 544 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~ ~ CLVNTON~iOWA March 14, 1967 W. P. Kelly, Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Sir: With reference to your letter of March 8, 1967, first I would like to congratulate you on your appointment as Acting Director of the Job Corps, and know you have a big job ahead of you. Personally I am for the program, and I believe you will find most of us in Clinton favor- able. It seems those against it are in the minority, but are making themselves heard the most. The program has benefited our conriunity economically and has given us recognition on a national level. The young people are participating in community affairs such as, churches, local celebrations, speaking engagements, choral singing and sharing of athletic facilities. The girls are assisting with the Handicapped Children's Center, and are doing a good job. * Will Lewis, the director and his staff are to be commended on selling the program to the citizens of Clinton. They * have cooperated in every way possible to cement relations * between the girls and the community. I believe the only real problem existing in a town of this size, is not the behavior of the girls, but the behavior of the men they attract from other cities. This does entail * more work for the police department, but I am not offering * this as an excuse or a complaint. I hope to meet with you on your first trip to Clinton, Iowa. Feel free to call or contact us for any information of mutual interest. Very truly yours, CHIEF OF LICE RL/elw PAGENO="0549" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 545 -~ -..., ~.. ~ POST OFFICE BOX 471. CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA 25322 / TELEPHONE 342-5175 THE CAPITAL OF WEST VIRGINIA March 27, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly, Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: I have before me your recent letter to Mr. Fred A. Otto~ President of the Charleston Area Chamber of Commerce, requesting how Mr. Otto feels about the Job Corps Center located in Charleston. Mr. Otto is on an extended vacation in Florida and I will pass this letter along to him when he returns. In the meantime, I can state for Mr. Otto, as well am for myself, that we can commend those in charge of the local Center for their efforts to be a good neighbor in the community. I have toured the Center and was impressed with the cali- ber of instruction which I saw in progress. You will be interested to know that there have been no complaints in recent months registered in the Chamber of Commerce office in connection, with the Job Corps Center operation. Very truly yours, Frank G. Sohn Executive Vice President FGS:nkw PAGENO="0550" 546 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ROBERT W. RUHL PIEOFORO PRINTINO CD. MEDFORD~:I~~TRIBUNE 33 NORTH FIR STREET P.O. BOX 1352 PHONE 779-1411 MEDFORD. ORESON Nr. W.P. Kelly, Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the Iresident Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear flr. Kelly: Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the Job Corps, and how the community feels about the job it is doing. Ny contacts have largely been indirect, but are, I believe, representative of those of many. And I am happy to be able to report that, with few exce~tions, the impressions are most favorable. Aside from the obvious economic benefits to this area, the Job Corps boys and their leadership have participated in a wide varie~y of constructive projects, both on and off the job, and have a~nassed a considerable reservoir of good will. Their behavior (again with a few inevitable exceptions) has been excel- lent, and has been compared favorably with that of other young people resident in the area. I could enumerate several examples, but let two suffice: The first contingent, in the very earliest days, engaged in flood damage rehabilitation and earned high marks for the way they pitched in. And recently, the job they did for the community of Cave Junction in razing an old hiilding and salvaging the build- ing materials was much appreciated. I assume that your questions pertain specifically to the Port Vannoy Job Corps camp, and my replies are directed at it. l3ut I also would like to commend the job which has been done at Tongue Point, this despite the locally-distressing necessity of converting it from a boys center to one for girls in mid-session. Every cent spent on this program is an investment in the future of this nation. Ny largest current concern is that the amounts available are inadequate to maintain the program at an optimum level, let alone to expand it to the degree many feel it should be. Narch 25, 1967 Sincerely, jjj Eric W. Allen ~t. Eltitor PAGENO="0551" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 547 ~ri~i~ ~ DAILY AND SUNDAY PORTLAND. OREGON 97201 March 20, 1967 Mr. W.P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: Mr. Robert C. Notson, our executive editor, has asked me to respond to your letter of March 8. Portland has no major Job Corps center nearer than the Tongue Point Center 100 miles to the west near Astoria. In respect to Portland your questions may be answered as follows: (1) The Job Corps Center at Tongue Point ~as been of indirect benef it to this metropolitan center because the young men stationed there have exchanged social visits with groups of young women from portland schools and colleges. Both sides must have gained in un~ derstanding. (2) The Tongue Point young men have "participated" in Portland affairs only slightly and in the manner noted above. (3) No ~s;gagement in Portland community projects. (li) Portland is too distant from any Job Center for me to judge any with respect to being "a good neighbor." May I suggest, you would get more helpful answers to your questions by addressing the editor of the Astorian Budge at Astoria. The Tongue Point Center, as you of course know, has just been trana- formed from a men's center to a women's center. Astoria may have views on both phases. Sincerely Yayrn~ Nab m C. Bauor Associate Miter L PAGENO="0552" 548 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 DIAL I 616) 962-4076 L~E~2E~ ______________ 172 WEST VAN RUREN STREET * RATTLE CREEK. MICHIGAN 49016 March 23, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly, Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Kelly: Thanks for asking us for an appraisal of the Job Corps Center located near our city. We are pleased to cooperate. The coomunity has benefited economically from the many millions of dollars which have been spent in refurbishing the property and in providing food and services for its operations. U.S. Industries has brought in many high caliber, capable people in their organization structure who have taken part in the conznunity's activities. Many of the young people have entered into cossnunity life, taking part in various young peoples' club activities that benefit the cossnunity. One of the activities of our Chamber is "Clean Up - Paint Up - Fix Up Week". Last year the Corps took on the project of cleaning up the brush and trash and leveling the ground along one of the main entrance streets into our city. This was a substantial contribution to our overall beautification program. Among other activities in which they have participated are the Civic Theater and United Ants Council projects. U.S. Industries has assembled what we believe to be an outstanding manage- ment organization at the Center. This has brought in many talented, capable people and added others already in our consnunity. We have had a fine working relationship with with those people, and compliment them highly for the job they are doing. 4 We appreciate the opportunity of furnishing you this information. o dially, 5. 1.. Betz, Executive Associate SLB/m ~1. PAGENO="0553" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 549 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF ECONOMIC WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506 OPPORTU NOTY March 8, 1967 Mr. Darwin Covert Chief of Police Evansville, Indiana Dear Mr. Covert: Having recently been appointed ~ Director of Job Corps, I would very much like to know how you, a leader of a counity in which a Job Corps Center is located, feel8 about that Center. I am, therefore, taking the liberty of asking for your frank and honest appraisal about: - how it has benefitted your cotanunity how the young people in the Centers have / participated in coenunity affairs how they engaged in coimounity projects I).- how the Center has proved to be a good neighbor I would be most grateful for your views. I'm sure they will be invaluable in my goal to improve all phases of the Job Corps program. May I hear from you soon? Sincerely / W Kelly A~t5tg Director 5o1 Corps 2. Various Civi orgnations have invited Job Corps from Breckenridge to participate giving lectures on Breckenridge. 3. Helping clean up our city parks and repairing toys for tots. L~. Any problems that arise between Breckenridge and our City have been worked out between the management and the police dept. PAGENO="0554" 550 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 A THE CITY OF LINCOLN DEPARTMENT OF JOSEPH T. CARROLL P 0 1 I C E EMMETT JUNGE,~ March 13, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of the.President Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: This is in response to your inquiry about our experience with the Lincoln Job Corps Center. Our working relationship with the staff and personnel of the Job Corps Center located in Lincoln have been very harmonious, and the cooperation which exists between the security forces there and our department has been excellent. The boys at the Job Corps have, almost without exception, conducted themselves in a very commendable fashion while in our City, and are apparently making every effort to establish themselves as good, responsible citizens and neighbors of our community. Recently Nebraska celebrated its 100th birthday, and March 1st was set aside as the actual birthday celebration date, with much of the activity centered in Lincoln, which is the capitol city of Nebraska. On this occasion, the young men from the Job Corps participated in many ways in helping to make this event a huge success, and we have heard many complimentary remarks about their participation In this community-state celebration. As the situation now exists, the Job Corps Center has certainly not presented this city with any particular police problem, which had been foreseen by opponents to the location of the Job Corps Center here. We feel that much of the success of this project can be attributed to the ac~minlstration of the program here. We do hope that this Information will be of assistance to you. Please feel free to call upon us at any time i can be of any service. Ver am ~ hI~~olce PAGENO="0555" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 551 4; -`q~ ~j~: -~ ~ CITY Ot~ TTE~hDOPF IOWA GEORGE R. THUENEN, Mayor Dear Mr. Kelly: In reply to your letter of March 8, 1967, I would like to insert some of my own thoughts of the teenager of today. The vast majority of young people are men at work. They have their world-weariness and hopeless love affairs. But, by and large, they do not seem rootless and alieniated. Perhaps, because they feel that the future belongs to them, they have built-in sanity valves. There is, however, a small but significant portion of the younger generation that is at open war with society. Some time ago I waa asked by the father of a teenager if I would attest to the good character of his son, who was brought into our court for his part in a wild party. "Sure, he's a good boy," I said, "but it was a dam fool thing to do." The father expected me to admire him for getting brought into court on a foolish demonstration. We seem to have forgotten that not everything a good boy does Th good. I could go on and on about our teenagers, but in the overall picture a lot of the blame can be laid at the adults' threshold. Now to get to your questions. In the spring of 1965, after our flood of the Miasi~oippi River, we had the pleasure of using the youngsters in the Job Corps for a clean up job. They did a terrific job for us and their supervisors also did a good job laying out the work and seeing it through to com- pletion. They were a great help to our community. Should we again have a flood or other disaster, I would surely recommend the Job Corps for help. Yours very truly, ~ Steve P. Tometich Chief of Policy City of Bettendorf, Iowa March 13, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 L SPT/gw PAGENO="0556" The Parks Job Corps Center, closest to San Francisco, is at Pleasañton, on the east side of the bay about 50 miles from San Francisco. The Center has had little impact on San Francisco. It does most of its business in Alameda County. Cadet activities also are concentrated in cities closer to the Center -- Livermore, Pleasanton, Hayward, etc. San Francisco feels the ~~nte~~s impact economically and otherwise, on two weekends a month, after the twice-monthly cadet paydays. about 1500 cadets come to San Francisco on those days, making the roundtrip via a Greyhound charter. The Job Corps Community Center of San Francisco has been formed recently to plan events for the cadets while they are here. This council is composed of leading citizens whose idea and effort is to get the cadets involved in community activities and by so doing get a look at and exposure to possible permanent involvement. It's a little too early to determine any success, but the signs, are hopeful. With good wishes, Cordially, Ed. J. Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Executive Office of The President Washington, D., C. 20506 552 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 &uii~.~iIthturr March 13, 1967 This note is in response to your letter of inquiry under date of March 8 about the Peace Corps Center. Dear Mr. Kelly: PAGENO="0557" Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corp Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: Thank you for your letter of March ~, 1967. Congratulations on your appointment to this vital position. As a member of the Community Advisory Board of the Job Corp in this location, I know of the importance of your organization. The community has benefited greatly in many ways; greater employment, money spent in Lewis County by both the boys and the leaders, greater pay roll in the county, just to name a few. Your members have participated very well in every way in this area. Their interest in community affairs and projects is being projected more and more into excellent public relations and conduct by both the boys and the leaders of the camp. The Center here has proved to be a good neighbor in many ways. They have already formed a search and rescue unit and volun_ teeredtheir services to this department. They have also assisted i.n many community projects, and in my opinion the leaders and boys in this camp have proved themselves 100 percent. If your other camps are one half as good as the Cispus Camp, you can consider your over all program a huge success. WHW : as Very truly yours, ~ L2~~ William H. Wiester Lewis County Sheriff ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 553 LEWIS COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE W. H. Wiester _______________ PHONO4 0-4 CHEHALIS, WASHINGTON March 10, 1967 PAGENO="0558" 554 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 I CITY OF PORTLAND, MAINE _______________ POLICE DEPARTMENT C" }fsrch 13, 19i7 W. P. Kelly T)irector Job Corps Washington, 1). C. Dear Director Kelly: In reply to your letter of March 8th, this is to advise you that here, in the city of Portland, we hove experienced nothing of a negative nature by our experiences with the members of the Job Corps located at Poland Spring. There have been several instances of participation by Corps members in social functions and they have apparently proven to be `goad neighbors.' I can't honestly say that our cornnunity has "benefited" but then I, of course, do not know of all tho involvement which might be taking place either economically or otherwise. From the police point of view, there has been no outward instances of mis- behavior or criminality in the period of the Job Corps existence at Poland Spring here in Portland. Sincerely, PAGENO="0559" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 555 ~ CWfl~ ~ ~ LAWTON, OKLAHOMA AcUrea~ cli replies to ALFORD T. HENNESSEE Cki.f 0f Police 11 March 1967 W.P.Kelly, Director Job Corpc Office of Economic Opportunity wachington, D.C. 20506 Dear Sir: The J~ Corpo han definitely benefitted our community from on eoonomicc ctandpoint, and hoc added proctige to thic whole area, for having been aelected for a Job Corpa Center. Ac to community cffairc, one of the fine prograinc for the young non at the center ic their tthletic progrom. Thin program han been beneficial for the whole county and eouthwent Oklahoma. The Center management perconnel in very active in our community affairn. Another of the notooble projectn the Center perconnel han performed in the remarkable job in our hanvily uned recreation ereac. I recommend them highly for thin work. The Center ic a wonderful neighbor. Many of my officerc end I have vicited the Center, cc elco have a large number of our bucinenc end civic leederc. The Ceuncelor frequently vicitc thin deportment. We have, on neveral occacionc, arranged for come of the Job corpn boyc to ride throughout the City with one of our cuporvioorc. Again, we here in Lawton, Oklahoma, believe highly in the Job ~ ne~~ ATU/j4g Chief of Police PAGENO="0560" 556 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 MUNICIPAL BUILDING, EDISON, EDISON New Jersey COUNTY OPMIDD(ESIX OPPICI OP TIlE CHIEF OP POLICE March 10, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director, ,Tob Corps Executive Office of the President Washington, 0. C. Dear Mr. Kelly: In reply to your inquiry of March 8, 1967, and after perusal of our Police Files from June 13, 1965 through this date, I have no complaints regarding the Job Corp Center in Edison. Personally, I feel the Job Corp has an exceptional progr~n toward rehabilitating and training school drop outs. I am sure the students who have taken advantage of this program have found it to be essential as well as helpful in obtaining employment. The Job Corp has been a good neighbor to Edison and we hope that it will be an encouragement to our youth in completing their education. Trusting this meets with your approval, I remain, Ver~' t ly yours, fJ~hn W. Ellmyer, Jr. (,øhief of Police JWE:~ PAGENO="0561" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 557 --~1 THE ~ PUINTINO & PUBLISHING * P. 0. BOX 547. WAI'A~,WA~HING~N Friday, March 10 Mr. V. P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Dear Mr. Kelly: Today I received a letter from you requesting information about the community acceptance and cooperation from the local job corps center. This is a rough draft which I don't have time to re-organize and to-typo. Under the direction of Messrs. Davis and Nelson I feel that the local center has done a pretty good job of community service. Some of thene things include: cleaning of the swimming pool, timber thinning andothor natural resource projects. Pour of the boys at the center are currently enrolled on a trial basic at White Swan High School. The center has hosted many of the community civic and women's organization for tours and programs at the center. Boys have attended our local 6hamber of ~-ommerce meeting. The Job Corps Center has aIJ~ basketball team which participates in a non-school area league. The local center has neif~her benefitted not handicapped the city of Yapato. The vast majority of the Job Corps onrolleec at the Fort Simcoe Center (which is located in barren country out in the middle of nowhere--25 miles from here) are negro.gm. Furthermore, the majority come from urban areas nhiu with the anilticipation of their being taught agricultural and natural resource skills. (A few are doing hospital training about 23 miles from the center) If anything, the nation is becoming more urbanized and I fail to see any benefit in brigging boys out here from Birmingham, Atlanta, Chicago and New York City to learn agricultural skills. Most of the boys here are negroes. We don't have very many negro girle for them to hustle in Yapato. The center does bus the boys a distance of 100 miles to East Pasco for their social contacts and water sking behind the Job Corps boats. Furthermore, a section of a Yakima hotel is contracted for the boys each week. I would appreciate knowing nby you feel that urban negroes should be cent to rural training areas. Such a plan is contrary to all historical record in this country. Do you have information that the nationh sociologimtm and historians don's? .* ~ ~ L~. 80-084 0 - 67 - 36 PAGENO="0562" 558 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 THE PLAIN DEALER 1801 SUPERIOR AVENUE Mr. W. P. Kelly Director - Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 2O~O6 Dear Mr. Kelly: Our Publisher-Editor, Mr. Thomas Vail, handed on to me your letter of March 8, asking our appraisal of the Women's Job Corps Center in Cleveland. We are well aware that the Cleveland center is giving some 32~ girls new and constructive experience, training and supportive personal guidance everyday. As for your four categories of results: 1) We can see no great concrete benefit to Cleveland. 2) The young women are participating in sports, art and some other community affairs. They have formed some personal relationships with others in this community. 3) We are not aware of their engaging in community projects. We hear that limited funds have reduced their chances to mix into community life. 4) The center has proved to be a good quiet neighbor. It caused no disturbance in an area full of disturbances, the Hough neighborhood. Its new Director, Zelma George, has plans to hurry City Hall into demolishing condemned buildings nearby to create recreation space for the girls. That would be a good kind of disturbance. I have complained to your men, Herbert J. Kramer and David Gottlieb, that OEO fails to tell us what it is accomplishing in sophisticated terms. I asked for more than mere service figures and Dr. Gottlieb did send me some information on what real follow-up is done and what evidence he has on the actual results of this rehabilitation work. The Job Corps Center here has its successes. A few are spectacular. I don't doubt that most of its girls are helped in some degree. Nobody who understands reclamation work like this expects total metamorphosis of a majority. I hope this reply is useful. Sincerel~ yours, TS/rr I 3 1' Todd Simon - Associate Editor March 22, 1967 PAGENO="0563" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 559 ~ ~7flce o/e~L4~/ ~ ALFONSO J. CEItVANTES Mayor March 11, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director, Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: Thank you very much for your letter of March ~, * 1967, in which you ask how I as the Mayor of Saint Louis feel about the Job Corps Center which is situated here in Saint Louis. It is entirely too early to give any type of an evaluation. Since the Center has not even reached its capacity * and cannot be said to have been fully activated as yet, it would be little less than presumptuous of anyone to try to give an appraisal of the Center. But less you feel that your form letter that I received might have been in vain, let me make a few comments: The Center has benefitted our community in a phy- sical and financial level by taking an abandoned hospital and making it into a habitable Center. It has benefitted our com- munity by keeping before the mind's-eye of the community the altruistic star of assistance to the disadvantaged. It has been a disadvantage to our community by being the precipitating agent of a headlined negative article that featured homosexuality in the Center. I felt that the arti- cle was unconscionable and within the traditions of yellow journa- lism, but the article was dysfunctional to the community and was precipitated by the Center. The Center has been dysfunctional further in that the cost per enrollee seems to be in the area of $~,OOO per year, and many individuals wonder whether a more econo- mic way for the upgrading of disadvahtaged youth might not be obtained. Most people would rather have On-Job Training or non residential work experience programs that would take care of many more youths at a less expensive figure. The national average for On-Job Training, for instance, is $455 per person. Granted that L PAGENO="0564" 560 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 March 11, 1967 the disadvantaged which the Job Corps deals with is a cut below that dealt with an On-Job Training, the surpicion remains that an On-Job Training Program with strong suppirt through a `Buddy System" of some type would be ouch more effective than a congre- gate institutional approach. When I was flrst asked if I wou].d entertain the idea of Saint Louis' acceptance of the Job Corps Center I said Yes, I would. But I would like to ash one favor, that favor was that some of the local unemployed women who originated very recently from areas several hundred miles away from Saint Louis (thus eliminating the standard reason that Job Corps Applicants may not originate in the locality of the Center to which they are sent) be accepted. We have any nuri~ber of young women who have come in from Tennessee, Alabama, :Iississippi, etc., and are in Saint Louis unemployed. It diss these women that I had in mind who might be considered as Job Corps applicants. This request was acceded to. But evidently then completely forgotten. At least I wam given no report on my request, and I am informed by the newspapers that all of the women (as is your general policy) have originated from other out-state areas. The courtesy of a report on my suggestion should have been honored. * I have followed with no small interest the young people In your Center here in Saint Louis but I think my com- ments upon how they have participated in community affairs and how they engaged in Community projects and how they have proved to be good neighbors would necessarily be less than systematic representative and of scientific value. They have assisted the * City administration in several City projects, but for me to say * that this lended assistance is typical or repeated in programmatic and creative sequence with other civic and broadly social agencies is clearly beyond my competence. I repeat ray welcome to the Job Corps Center to the * City of Saint Louis, I know that you have some splendid adminis- trators and I trust that you will carry out your program with all the success that it deserves. I trust likewise that you will carefully evaluate the costs of these extremely expensive resi- dential programs and ask yourselves if the same money may not be used to greater effect fo:r the enhancing of the life's chances of many more disadvantaged through less expensive programs such as the local Comprehensive L!anpower Program or a program that might seek to upgrade the teenagers In the slum areas so that they might be accepted by the Armed Services, or the making of one of the vocational sections of the Center a pre-induction Center where the disadvantaged would receive the basic education, the medical services, the orientation that would help them to qualify for the Armed Services. There are so many millions of disadvantaged and so few millions of dollars for the job to be done that we must figure out maximum returns on our social, economic, and personal investments. Mr. ~. P. Kelly r -2- PAGENO="0565" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 561 :~~---- (7L EVANSVILLE COURIER March 15, 1967 Mr. `I. P. Kelly, Director Jop Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washingt~n, D. C. 2O~O6 Dear Mr. Kelly: Reference your letter of March 8 asking ray views on the Job Corps Center at Camp Breckiriridge, Ky. The center has benefited the community financially because of its proximity and its expenditures here. In an intangible way, I be- lieve it has brought to the people of this area a greater aware- ness of the need to do something about poverty and illiteracy. It has also maintained a close relationship with churches, civic groups, the press and other elements of the community. Corpsmen from the center have been very active in community affairs and projects. I am enclosing a "Letter to the Editor" of The Courier, written by the director of the Mayor's Commission on Human Relations, that states specifically some of the positive things Corpsmen have been involved in here. Officials at the Center realize that good relations with Evansville are vital to the success of the Center and have tried to be a good neighbor by policing Corpsmen who come here on weekends, setting up local Job Corps Headquarters so the young people will have a place to go, and cooperating with various elements in the community. Local groups are invited to the Center for tours and Center officials are receptive to requests for speeches here on the Center's activi- ties. Despite all this, I must point out that I believe the attitude of Evansville is one of tolerance more than acceptance. This is due to the rocky start the Center got when it practically opened with a riot. Following this, two Corpsmen in a stolen car -- and drinking -- crashed head-on into another car killing some members of a family. The Corpsmen were being chased by police at the timeS One of them was awaiting action on another charge in another state. PAGENO="0566" 562 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 I Mr. W. P. Kelly, Director Page -2- Two or three local policemen have quit part-time duty at the Job Corps Headquarters here because of what they called `danger that wasn't worth it." Several scuffles and much drinking have been reported at the headquarters. Lastly, five Corpsmen left the Center shortly after going there and returned to West Virginia, blaming their action on `lousy food and broken promise5*I~ They said recruiters had promised them they would be housed together and they weren't, etc. I would offer those two recommendations2 1. Study closely the recruiting system, possibly delaying pay- ment until the Corpsmen had graduated. This would eliminate the lying recruiters do just to get their money, and would put a premium on good screening. Much of the trouble that the Job Corps has run into has germinated in recruiting offices. 2. Do something about the huge racial imbalance. I have talked to some Corpsmen personally who complain of that more than anything else. It's not so much prejudice as downright fear in some cases, although both-elements are involved. Sincerely, /YJ'6~d;(~A~~ /~/~/ Woodrow Hall WH:bd End. PAGENO="0567" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 563 D~EB~T NEWS DESERET NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY / 33 RICHARDS STREET POST OFFICE BOX 1257 . SAUl LAKE CITY, UTAH B4110 PRONE 364.25B1 Mr. W. P. Kelly March 10, 1967 Acting Director Job Corpa Dear Mr. Kelly, I think the best way £ can answer your recent query ic to refer you to the enclosed series of articlea which we ran in February. We assi~ied one of our most able young reportere to live with the Job Corpsmen in the three Utah centers and give us a depth report. It was well worth the three week's time which reporter Paul Winegar spent on the story. If, after you've read our report, you would still like further information, I will be happy to assist. Corps Offers 5~ccess lir~i ~m&li ~oses Deeaet New' St'f 1 WeHR~ PRICE - Fm leN CneSw nI- tnkm 5th. belnee ampIthAR Ocinie, eRas' men" in the ~mecnea g~~1i dneR~. An LA 1st ellen GAT Unyt thing AU hit tn week Neil On twtdnyt I nndynnm~ta him. Fee I ~ne ,enede a Since Iy'-yjurc, ~ ~ N~ox~man R. Bowen Governrnenj &JSjness Join At Job Center Dy PAtm~ 0~'R 5gfn~ "lAin' fs'J Detas ~ Stno~ Wnjtm leg~ CAISReRT PAGENO="0568" 564 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 CITY OF ESTACADA COUNCILMIN EMiL H. ECEERTLEY. M.y. NORMAN E. BURKE ALICE L CORRELL. ~ . VON GRAY RALF ERLANDSON. M~I.Ip.I J.,dgi ISTACADA. OEROON BlESS WILLIAM KRIEGER HA. I. COLEMAN, CIV R....d.. DELEERT NORDQUIST JAMES 0. BURDEN, CII~A .1 P.1k. ESTHER N. WATTS LESLIE KIGOINS, S,pt. P~bII. W~k. March 11.4, 1967. ROBERT H. WEINRICH Mr. W. P. Kelly ~Jirector Job Waehington, 1). C. 20~O6 Dear Sir: In reply to your lstter of March 6, 1967, I em pleased to report that the Job Corps has benefitted our community in many way-a, to-wit: 1. 13y purchase of some food and clothing. 2. Boys working in some of the business places for on the job training, and 3. By working on Forest Service Projects, to-witS (a) A complete wat.~r system at Carter Bridge Camp Ground. (b) Tree Planting. (c) Tree thinning Hillock Burn. (d) Stream cleaning project five miles on Fish Crock. (e) Slash burning Blue Tick Sale. (f) New building at Lazy Bend Camp Ground. (g) Fire fighting. Since the Job Corps is located anproximately 30 miles up the Clecksmas River from our City, and having . their own community center, they- have not participated to soy great extent in community affairs, however, our churchea have opened their doors to them and welcomed them regard- less of race or religeon. The Job Corps has proved to be a good neighbor and we have experienced no trouble. Some of the personnel live in datacada and have taken an active part in our community affairs, and we hope the Job Corps will continue in our area. Very truly yours Mayor `~ PAGENO="0569" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 565 CITY OF TOMAH 819 SUPERIOR AVENUE TOMAM, WISCONSIN 54660 Area Code 608 PRone 372-6542 March 17, 1967 Mr. W. P. Kelly Director of Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: In answer to your letter of March 8th requestIng my views relative to the Job Corp Center located in the vicinity of our community, my frank and honest appraisal of this great Humanitarian effort can best be expressed in the words, 8we can not find any fault with them and have only the highest praise for the fine cooperation of the staff and director. We have had very few incidents and feel they are doing a superb job in carrying out their programs." Many benefits have accrued to our community as a result of this center, both from an economic and growth basis and as the enrollment at this center improves we are hopeful we will share in further values. So far there has not been too much participation in our community affairs, due probably to our severe winters and also to the fact that this center is just about getting underway, but we have extended our facilities to the job corp members which we are sure will be taken advantage of when weather permits. We are glad to say we have accepted the job corp as good neigh- bors and our good neighbor policy I am sure is felt by all of the staff located at this center. If we can be of any further assistance do not hesitate to get in touch with us. Cord~~yours, Hartley P. Wellner, Mayor City of Tomah WELCOSE TO TOMAH `~ONSOI - OASIS WU~tg Th5 ~1'~ D~D08 PAfl~WAT ISTY PAGENO="0570" 566 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 W. P. Kelly - Acting Director Job Corps Office of Economic Opportunity Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Sir: In reply to your inquiry of March 8, 1967, please be advised that initially we had a few problems with the young people connected with the Job Corps Center; howaver, personal con- tact with the officials in charge and their willing coopera- tion made the problems short lived. I have no knowledge of their engagerient in any of our coaununity projects. Sincerely, CITY OF HAYWARD * POLICE DEPARTMENT 22738 Mission Blvd. Hayward, Calif. March 15, 1967 GEORGE FORTH Chief of Police By'~ :.~ - * - C. Marc}and, Captain CM:rs PAGENO="0571" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 567 TOWN OF BLACKWELL LAONA WISCONSIN - 54541 March 14, 1967 W.P. Kelly Acting Director Job Corps Washington D.C. Dear Mr Kelly: I am happy to have this opportunity to serve you and the Job Corps who in my opinion are doing a fine job in my community. Last year the Job Corps offered their services in replacing a bridge that was destroyed by heavy logging trucks, which saved the Towns of Blackwell and Laona a considerable amount of money. They also rebuilt several roads in my community of which I was most greatful for. The Corps men helped flood our ice skating rink, and helped in removing the snow after each storm. Also their work on our Lake Parks is not to be overlooked. The town dump is maintained by them and kept in very good condition. While on pass the Corps men conduct themselves in an orderly maimer and respect the privilages the town has to offer them. All in all the Job Corps has been a great service to our commtnity ecconomy wise. It has created employment for many of our citizens and helped many of our businesses in this area. I know I can count on them to help in many more projects that will be comming up this year. ,Xours truly f~27t~/ John K. Masel Blackwell Town Chairman PAGENO="0572" 568 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Clearfield Police Department 88 EAST CENTER STREET CLEARFIELD, UTAH TELEPHONE 825-4141 March 16, 1967 Mr. W. 1'. Kelly Acting Director Job Coros Executive Office o~ the Ivesident Washington D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly, In regard to your request of March 9, for `fly frank and honest appraisal. of the Clearfield Job Corp Center, I feel it a pleasure to rer pond. The Job Corp has benefitteci our community in the respect that they are proving to communities all over the area what a good thing these Job Corps really are. If truly successful, CJearfi.eld will become a famous place where young people will seek to come. The center itself has not been established long enough to see a noticeable benefit, but we have hopes for a progressive Future. for as ~evt.tcipa1.in0 in community affairs, the Job Corp seems to be pretty well independent and the CorJmen seldom cams into town. However, some of them do attend church meetings, patronize some of our businesses, and visit families. We have had very few problems with these boys. We have not had many coersunity projects for the Job Corpeen to partic- ipate in, but there are activities we hope to include them in futurewise. These Job Corprien would also be an asset in the assistance of putting out fires and looking for lost children. We have no complaints at to the operation of the center. They handle their own problems which seldom involve our department. They are very cooperative with us, and we also try our best to cooperate with them. I hope this information will be of some benefit to you. Sincerely, CL&tHFIELD POLICE DEPA~E~fT Herbert Mottifhaw PAGENO="0573" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 569 CLINTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TUCKER BUILDING. CLINTON. IOWA 52732 .AREA CODE 319 * 242-5702 March 16, 1967 Office of Economic OPPORTUNITY W. R. Kelly, Director Job Corps Washington, D.C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: The Job Corps Center at Clinton, Iowa, has become generally well accepted in the community. The Clinton area has benefited from additional income dollars as well as utilization of the former Veterans Administration buildings. The installation has made available various facilities, i. e., swimming pool, theater (for local drama groups), and particularly housing for the Handicapped Childrens Center which is now located on the premises. Several industries, who have participated in the on-the-job training program have given good reports of the girl's abilities reflecting the fine overall training they are receiving at the Center. Admittedly, with the influx of the large number of non-residents, there have been some growing pains' but these have not deterred the majority of the citizens from feeling the Center has been advantageous to the community. It is most important to point out that the high caliber of the local General Learning Corporation personnel has contributed tremendously to the above listed advantages, and in making the local Center an integral part of the Clinton community. Sincerely, ~ 1i4arvin D. Ohsann, president PAGENO="0574" 570 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS O~ ~ 67 Mr. W. P. Kelly Acting Director of Job Corps Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20506 Dear Mr. Kelly: Replying to your recent letter having reference to the Job Corps Center located in this community. In my opinion, Mr. Pager who is in charge of the Center here Is doing a mighty fine job---both for the mem- bers of the Corps and in fitting the Center into this community. Just a few weeks ego a Snowmobile Marathon was staged In our County. This Is an event which requires a greet amount of preparation work, such as preparation of the marathon trails through the woods, preparation of starting and finishing areas as well as intermediate stops. This work requires the combined effort of the members of several local Clubs, plus all Police available and all other available help when the Marathon is underway. I want you to know that the members of the Job Corp Center contributed a great amount of help, both on the preparation work and during the actual Marathon. To show ap- preciation of this help, a local club staged a Snowmobile Mara- thon about a week ago at the Corp Center with members of the Corp Center being the participants. I would say that the entire program made for good public relations between the Corp C5nter and this community. I think that the Job Corps Center is doing a good job, Is fitting itself into the Community, and is being accepted by the Community. *Ver~ truly ~rours ,`2,~ / /~J/f~ ~ ~ "Thank YoLc, Gut~hr~e, V.? 4 ~S Li Li C ~ c ~ A The Guthrie Job Cc~ C~t~r ft: ~ ~ ~`T~ ~F'~ ~ ~rfl~T ~ ç~:; 1I~I~J~ tk~*~ ~b1d ~ Bctty ~~no to Guthrie C~tobar 20, ~. ~cr~ ~ c:~., S123 graduates with a Cetificate of C~::~~i~ to c~: cIio~o~i vo~,ation, Nurze A~e, in hcr ho=c She takes with her an excellent record of co:.2EJ~ V She leaves her heartfelt thanks a~ci ev~:lastin~ ~ A to the citizens of Guthrie, who cave he: the c~po:~f'.y ~ to acquire a vocat1or~l skill, an~ who n~c~o h~.r w~c here. The good people of Guthrie a'e corciaiiy invited to attend the Graduation Exereis~s Wednesday, March 22, l9~37, at 1:30 p.m. V at the dlinia~ tall The Guthrie Job Corps Center for Women. ~ ~ ~z~> ~ PAGENO="0639" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 635 .DESERET NEWS SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH Corps' Goa~'Productive Citizens' Typing classes help to train Job Corpsmen for useful work after leaving Weber center. part, are mobile homes joined together, and Include four ~6-man dorms, a mess halt, education building, shop and equipment building, warehouse, gymnasium, vocational build- ing, administrative offices, and a dispensary. Total operational budget for the first year was 5923.439. The ceotrp,naogjved its first 16 corpsmen in December of 1965. ~e~rding l~Mr. Ulrich, the cost per corpsman per year ~n-'54,70O.ag~ in~1udes staff salaries, services, supplies for ~wor!c,.~1~jects, 41 pay for the corpsmen. ,/the center ~as a capacity of 224 corpsmen, and has ~nut 220 on t~srd at present. Since its activation, it has #eceived somq.fllhO boys, and out of that number, some 400 ~` have either,~aduated, resigned from the program, been kicked ou~r gone AWOL. Officials did not have a definite count o~~1ieir successes, since they consider it a triumph if a~f~ih gets a job before completing training or gets ac- ~~tfPd by the aimed forces. A study made on the first 16 corpsmen to go throngh the Weber Basin Center disclosed that only five of them actually graduated from the program. However, officials considered 14 of them successful. The study showed seven are now working as productive citizens; four are in the military service; three have gone back to school or are still enrolled in some government poverty program, and one returned to his old life with no apparent change in attitude. The remaining youth could not be located. The report also disclosed that the first i6 corpsmen stayed an average of six months, and advanced three grades is the educational level. The average educational level upon ar- rival was fourth-grade, and upon leaving was seventh grade. See JOB CORPS en Page B-S By PAUL WINEGAR Deseret News Staff Writer OGDEN-The Weber Basin Job Corps Center gets teen. age boys who have never flushed a toilet or answered a tele. phone. Nearly one-third of them can neither read nor write, despite the fact that many got as far as junior high or high school before dropping out. Another one-third can't read as well as the average second-grader, and some have never beeS more than a few blocks away from home. Camp officials don't profess to turn these boys Ints~~iled craftsmen. They merely try to teach the boys that 4tmere's a better life than the one from which they came, its hopes of motivating them toward getting a job. - Thin conservation camp, operated by the US. Bureau of Reclamation, is a small city of mobile buildings situated on 746 acres of government-owned land near the iniouth of Weber Canyon. Richard A. Ulrich, center director, is a career employe with the Bureau of Land Maitagemenf, and served as a for. ester in Oregon before the Job Corps program came along. The other 51 persons who make up the center's staff In. dude an assistant director who is a former school principal, a work project leader, women stenographers, a registered nurse, 15 corpsmen supervisors, 10 instructors,. two Counse- lors, and 9 workleader technicians. All employes are under civil service, and are hired by the Bureau of Reclamation. Their satariesare paid with war 00 poverty funds administered by the bureau. Approximately $1.2 rsihioit was spent for preparing the campsite and erecting facilities. The buildings, for the most Many corpsmen ore school dropouts. Center attempts to compensate for lack of education. PAGENO="0640" 636 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Escape Poverty? (iS. Opens Many Doors. By PAUL WINEGAR Deseret News Staff Writer. There are so many Great So- ciety programs aiding the na- tion's poverty stricken that it may soon become a status sym- bol to be poor. Federal agencies stumble over themselves competing to take the hands of the underpri- vileged and lead them onto the path of reaponsible citizenship. For young people especially, the choices are many. A young- ster from the slums of a big city or the more respectable poverty of a rural area can se- lect a program as carefully as other youngsters choose a col- lege. If he wants to stay in high school, for instance, there is the Neighborhood Youth Corps, which provides work experience and job training through neigh- borhood centers. If he is a high school graduate who can't afford college, he can enlist in the "Upward Bound" program, which is designed to motivate children from low- income families toward college. If he is a high school dropout and has trouble finding a job, he can enroll in the Manpower Training Development Act, and receive a small government allotment while attending a free trade school run by local school systems with federal money.~ And finally, if he svantj to learn a trade in a hurry ai~tl get _away from home, he cr~i join the largest of all the vast train- ing programs, the Job COrps. The Job Corps is a system of residential centers fec school dropouts who lack the skills necessary to get good jcths. Simply defined, the goal of Job Corps is to transfer tlhg.chil- dren of poverty from we11lTlB'~' rolls to the tax rolls by making them employable, productive citizens. There are three kinds of Sob Corps Centers:'~ men's urban, wothen's urban, ~nd men's con- servation. The Jirban centers, which provide a vanced techni- cal training, ar run by private I industry, and tally financed by the govern nt. The smaller conservation c ters are also fi- nanced by ta monies, but ad- ministered government agen- cies such the Bureau of Land Manag ent, Bureau of Recla- ma ~, and the U.S. Forest There are 113 Job Corps cen- ters scattered throughout the nation with a total combined enrollment of 28,47:1 young men and women. Since the program started in 3965, there have been 27,746 youths who have either completed training or dropped out somewhere along the way. Utah has two 200-man conser- vation centers in Price and at the mouth of Weber Canyon, and a 1,300-man urban center at the Freeport Center in Clear- field. Although there has been talk of establishing more Job Cjrps camps in the state, it is unlikuly at present because of a cutback in appropriations for domestic programs. Selection of Job Corps enrollees is made through state employment offices, and is entirely voluntary. A casdidate must be between itt and 21 years of age, from a low-income family, a high school dropout (although there are some cases of high school graduates being accepted), and either unem- ployed or under-employed. A check is made into the youth's background to deter- mine whether he has answered the screening application truth- fully, and to see whether or not he has a police record. The state then sends the infor- mation, along with the appli- cant's reading test, to the Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington, D.C. The (lEO, which is sort of a Pentagon for the War on Poverty, makes the final decision on whether the youth will be accepted and where lie will be sent. The poorest readers are sent to one of the 93 conservation centers, where the average reading level is about the 4th grade. Better readers are semit to one of the 20 urban centers. (Women all go to urban centers). Time government pays for transportation to the center mini! transportation home if a young- ster drops out of training or graduates. Almost as soon as the new corpsman arrives, he S~e POVERTY on Page B-I I PAGENO="0641" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF FO 67 637 P - - tl T~ yOtr payroll," Kadera a. ~ T~ L\sflasoL~'lnlCO ~ `-`-`~` \~`~`~ ~ ~ ~~j-.' ~ ~_J tracts let such as for cleaning, garbage, arid aundry." / 7 G i SdIC e J~ib Corps `J 1 1 0k 0 Ii \~ se(i ..,i S fl cbeo1 ~` ~ ``~ ~ ~ ~ ~ by May, learring food ServiCeS, retailing cosmetoIo~y, fabric The Job Corps Center for townspeople that at 5 p.m. cv- aria and otner marketable voca- \\omen at McKinney receivcu~ery day we weren't going totons its first trainees early in Merchiopen the gates and let all thej s --~ `-~ i-- ~ In th sautli ii farm n~ corn ~irls exit en fins 0 I us t~ i~ m aty s iesrdcn~ lool irg Ol It a gal comcs e to ~ 0 ro \ c ~ a fOl c~ c ic ~~Ih a hard eye. Stories about into trouble or to lou, tite cverylnrg has been fine. incidents at other such campsv.Tong place. If she uoesn't~ "There have been no mci- and in some instances just plain change her attitude, she will be~fltS, just fine conperation on misinformation had caused.relcased. We expect them tob&lh sides," Nitcholas said. `V.o townfolk to wonder whether toico-operate. i~a1d a lot of talk abaut how welcome Such centers in their~ Kadera and Griffin hit the bin ti/S mi:~l;t be, or that might be, own backyard. `the Assoriated~quct trail last summer, speak~,but nothing has happened." Press took a look rI how thingsiing to more than 50 luncheons. Pat Gibson, manager of to were progre: .~;. Here's the~social group m cot I n g s, andcizn~ber, said at first there W~s report, church groups in an attempt toa lack of enthusiasm from some By DENNE II. FREEMAN explain the program. members of the business con;- Associated Press Writer The response was gratifying McKI\NhY Te~ (At) - althou~n as Kadera put it som rur Y \S 0 V u~uz~d a When an o u t s i do institution,h1ard~'o~ criticism was bound and not c.;CCSS. comes to a Southern 1arming~t0 be beard." "I think it lras disaprointed community, you can bet there~ Some churches decided to some oi the citizens r',ao hayen't will be some uplifted eycbrows.~pitcli in and take the girls under found anyming wrong," Grbsoa The Job Corps Center for their wing when they began to said. ~.iSO, wrien a ousmeasmon Women which moved into tirearrive March 2. begins to make a ~civ sales ~o 00 Veteran Administm ~ ~ Still there was a feel rg ~ CCflII 0 CS at ti ~. CCIU it Hospital in Mci( racy isas no e~ lets isait ard see Kadua usu~ 1Y tr i~e his r wn A ~w ccption. said. "It's a natural feeling, par- loollars in tao po~Ct WILL GO tria~ However, after a 1 m o s t atictoarlY in a Southern farming "Some people actually thought month of operation, the ~ Each person has to lit WCS going to be a reform has survived close scrutiny andIfl1~0e up his mind about us. school. Kmdera and hms Staff did appears to have won over towns.We'Ve been doing our damndest a fln~ job of educating people folk. to make the program effective." to the real facts." Dr. George S. Kadera, diree- Kadera said that financially Griffin said the girls at tile tor of the center, said some pco-~the Job Corps will have a tre- center have traveled to Dakas pie had funny notions about the.mcndous impact on McKinney each weekend on passes wrthout center's function. which lost the VA Hospital and incident. "My wife was at tire groceryuits payroll to President John- The immediate concern of the store one day when we first1son's economy-cutting adniinis-. center is whether the Office of came here," Kadera said. "Atration. ~ boy was crrrry~rg her grocenes "We will have a ~900,O00 a back the Job Corps program in to the car sinai saw a sticker ont~ - it. "`Oh, you .at~'k with the Job Corps. When ire you gonna open' that reform school?' Kadera can laugh about it~ now, but ~ the time it made him realize there was a seriousi misinformation barrier to crack. ________ Kadera and Bill Griffin, community relations and public infbrmatorr director, started to work to close the misinformation gap. "First of all we wanted to stress that the program was vol- untary for girls 16 to 21 W'~~ii poverty backgrounds," Kadera said. "We take students out of a poverty environment and at- tempt to bring their standard of living up. Some 20 per cent of the girls read below the third grade level. "We wanted to assure the June. Gibson said th3 community has set up a committee to help out in any way. In other words, the Job Corps has ncr worn out it.s welcome in MeKinney. TEXARKANA NEWS TEXARKANA, TEXAS 3-31- 67 80-084 0 - 67 - 41 PAGENO="0642" 638 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 The enrollment of the Mc. Kinney Job Corps Center rose to 218 Thursday as the center staff commended the citizens of McKinney for the warm welcome since the center first began to form on July 1. A resolution was presented to the McKinney City Council Thursday, thanking the local citizens for helping estab- lish the center here. The resolution read: "Whereas, the McKinney Job Corps Center was establish- ed in the City of McKinney on July 1, 1966, and "Where- as have demonstrated their customary traits of hospit- ality and generosity to new neighbors, by showinganac- tive working interest in all center activities, suchas the coffee time projects, com- munity night project, church participation In center act- ivities, and total involvement in all areas pertaining to the welfare and development of the Corpswomen, thereby gaining deep respect, high regard and admiration, "Now, therefore, we, the corpswomen and staff of the McKinney Job Corps Center, do express our deep ap- preciaticn and gratitude to the residents of McKinney for helping us to enjoy the blessings of livingandwork~- tog In the place that is - their home, and sharingwith us the happiness of friend- ship." Mayor Pro-Tem W.B.Fin- ney, in the absence of Mayor Leon Ussery, accepted the resolution as other council- men were present ata meet- ing at the McKinney Chamber of Commerce. Delfina Gomez, a corps- woman from Del Rio, pre- sented and read the resolu~ tion. * "Delfina Gomez has re-. celved very few honors In her young life, mostof which has been spent working at part time jobs to help sup- port her mother and her sister," Dr. George Kadera, center director, said. "Delfina was selected by the resident advisors of the McKinney Job Corps Center to represent the studentbody in presenting to the Mayor and the City of McKinney a thank you. proclamation from the Job Corps for the interest and concern this city has taken in the Job Corps program. "She was born in Parras Coah, Mexico, a small vill- age of several hundred people. White her mother worked, she left Delfina in a Catholic convent every day from 7 a.m. until she picked her up at 6 in the evening. "Dalfina moved from Mex- Ico when she was 11 years old, and enrolled In the first grade at,Del Rio, Tex- as. She completed five years of schooling." MCi~I~l'iEY COUflIEP GAZETTE 3-31-67 (CON `T) ~oh Cerp@ ~U~Eha~ Fo? ~T3~~©llD.'ll.~ PAGENO="0643" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 639 Tellegram From V~P Job Cor~s~Comrnv~ty~ RellaUo~sh~' P~a~sei Vice - President Hubert H. and responsible citizens. Con- Humphrey recently praised Me- gratulations and thanks. HHIL" dma for the "friendship and as~ Apprised of the telegram, Ray- mond Calcagne, directOr of the sistance that the community Job Corps, said in a statemeht has rendered to the Iroquois Job that the corpsmen and staff "do Corps at Shelby. express our deep appreciation In a telegram to Mayor John and gratitude to the residents of P. Kennedy, Mr. Humphrey stat- Medina for helping us to enjoy ed, the blessings of living and wor~ "May I add my voice and king in the place that is their thanks to the salute which the home, and sharing with us the Job Corps is paying you and happiness of friendship." your community for the friend- Representatives of the Office ship and assistance that, you of Economic Opportunity, which have rendered. `The opportuni- runs the Job Corps at Shelby ties for sell-improvement which with the cooperation of the De- you have provided these young partment of the Interior, had people in the Job Corps will spoken to Mayor Kennedy and be paid back many times over Qther persons to learn of the as these young people take their community's response to the places as productive employees Job Corps Center. Isabella CIS at ISABELLA (Minnesota) stands for Corpsman Information Service. CIS is a Corpsman-operated program to help create good community relations for the center. Corpsmen in CIS act as hosts and guides for visitors to the center and make visits to schools, churches and other organizations in the community to talk about Job Corps. To become a member of CIS, a Corps- man must have been at the center long enough to be thoroughly familiar with Job Corps and the facilities at Isabella. He must also have a pleasant personality, be well-groomed and be able to speak clearly. CIS members are proud of their orga- nization and the contribution they are mak- ing to improve the center's community re- lations. PAGENO="0644" 640 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 \VAS}IINGTON - The con- troversial Job Corps. o n C C the `enfant terrible" of the poverty program. S Ii 0 W signs of developing into a solid citizen with a streak of CIVIC' (`OflSCiOiiSiiOsS. At least. that's the encour- aging svor cI from poverty chie1tuiu Sargent Shriv.'r, who declares that since last May there has been "no single incident of any serious proportion in any Job Corps center." The same cannot lie said for our college campuses and urban ghettoes. As the 115 JOl) Corps centers wind UI) their week-long "Salute to Communities'' program, Public Relations Director IJerbert J. Kramer wryly ob- serves: "While midclk'-class Amer- ican youth was indulging it- self in riotous behavior on Southern beaches d ii r i n g Easter week-end, America's poor kids in our Job Corps were working, learning, and expressing their gratitude towards local communities in constructive w a y s. rallier than destroying pI'o~)erty, slandering adults, and violat- ing at least eight of the ten commandments on the beach at Fort Lauderdale." Kramer says that only one conclusion can be drawn from the changed atmosphere in Job Corps centers: "Poor kids do not want to l)C poor, they do not want to be alien- ated, they do want to belong and participate." ~r Jc o~ As an example he cites the o m p 1 e t e reversal" at Camp Rodman in New Bed- ford. Massachusetts. wheiw r i o t o u s behavior once shucked. townspeople a n d congcessmcn alike. The city council has recently issued a vote of confidence in the camp director. Other cities that once spurned corpsmen are now inviting them to civ- ic events and parties in pri- vate homes. Although tue drop-out rate is 21 per cent, the corps' PrCSCnt strength is 35.000, with a gnat of 4 1 MOO by J015'. Nearly 05,000 have had lob Corps training in the past two years. and Congress now requires that one-fourth of the enlistees be women. The average Job Corps cn~ listee has a fifth grade abil- ity in rending and math, but gains one to two grade-lev- els during a nine months stay in camp. A third of those who enter the program cannot react a simple sen- tence or solve a second- grade arithinet ic problem, in a land wheje we have long prided ourselves on our free public school system. A year ago Congress was complaining of the lack of discipline in job camps. Since then the administration has been tightened, and over half of all corpsmen are "earning perfect scores on reporting to work on time, following instructions obey- ing rules, and the like." This is rather remarkable inasmuch a~ two-thirds of these youngsters had pre- viously bee)) asked to leave school because of disciplin- ary, educational, financial or other reasons. They represent the hard core of disadvantaged youth. Yet a recent survey indi- cates that of approximately 50.000 Job Corps "gradu- ates," 26.000 f o u n d jobs. 5.001) returned to school, and 3.DiO entered military ser- vice. The corps has had an ex- ceeclingly rough shakedown cruise for the past two years, but perhaps smoother seas are ahead. copyiigbt. 1507. Kiag Feat. Synd.. )r~n. Lincoln STAR Thursday, April 6, 1967 RUTH MONTGOMERY - Job Corps Justihes itseI~ IrE Pubhc Es~eem PAGENO="0645" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 641 1ri?~h1 ~1~Jj) to Comrnu~iiti~~ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum Bennetta B. Washington, J/WC TO : C. R. Lane, J/MC DATE: February 21, 1967 J. W. Deinema, J/CC FROM : W. P. Kelly, J SUBJECT: Nationwide Job Corps "Salute to Communities Week" Please take the necessary action to convey the following information to all Center Directors. All Job Corps Centers will conduct a "Salute to Communities Week," March 26 through April 2. The purpose of the week's activities will be to focus attention on the Center as a neighbor by expressing the individual Center's gratitude for community cooperation, and to encourage continuing participation and greater understanding of Job Corps by all residents of the area. The theme to be stressed is the Center thanking the community for their support during the first two years of Job Corps. All activities scheduled should be arranged so that normal Center operations will not be disrupted or curtailed. Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan PAGENO="0646" 642 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum TO : W. P. Kelly, J DATE: March 15, 1967 FROM : Bernie R. Diamond, i/C SUBJECT: "Salute to Communities Week" -- March 26 through Aoril 2. Twenty-four Urban Centers, 6 State-Related Centers and 47 Department of Agriculture Centers and 39 Department of Interior Centers have completed plans to participate in this Nationwide event. Virtually all Centers have programmed the following events: 1. Announcements in local churches on Easter Sunday including invitations to visit their Center. Large delegations of Corpsmen will attend church to personally thank residents for their support. 2. Presentation of scrolls and/pr certificates of appreciation to Governor, Mayor or members of City Councils, County Officials, members of Community Relations Councils and newspapers. Some prosentationswill be made to special luncheons at the Center and others will be made at community affairs. 3. Issuance of special invitations via letters, telegrams and personal contact to members of the Congressional Delegation, Governors and State Legislators to visit Centers and/or participate in a specific way. The Governor of Maine and Oklahoma have both confirmed that they will make special tours of their Centers (through efforts of Henry and Blick). 4. Open House and Center tours. Many will have displays of photographs or newspaper clippings indicating voluntary projects the Center has been engaged In. Several will feature art exhibits. 5. Hosting Civic Clubs, Chambers of Commerce, Women's Clubs and school clubs at recognition luncheons or dinners. In addition, several Centers will provide speakers for regular weekly Civic Club luncheons with Job Corps as the theme. Three City Councils will hold their regular council meeting at the Center. 6. Special television and radio shows featuring Corpsmen entertainment and utilizing the theme of "Community We Appreciate You." 7. Invitational sports events and invitations to local schools and industrial leagues to participate. Events will include track and field events, wrestS ling and boxing. In addition to all the above, the following are some special and unique events which the Centers themselves have originated: Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan PAGENO="0647" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY A-CT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 643 ~_~~__~_ _* *~__ _i_ -- ~._ _~~_~.__~_____* GUTHRIE --Hopes to graduate first Corpswoman that week. Will run ad w~ girl's photo, thanking residents of Guthrle for her new start in life. Also presenting permanent photo display of Job Corps activities to President of Chamber of Commerce for display in City Hall. MCKINNEY--Starting during Salute Week and every Tuesday thereafter, Center will hold "Family night at the Job Corps." They will host 4 to 5 lo- cal familIes at the cafeteria and during dinner, express appreciation to them. RODMAN--Student Government will promulgate and send City Council of New Bedford resolution expressing students appreciation to the people of New Bedford for opening their hearts and homes to them and to the CIty Council for Its constructive criticism and help in winning acceptance for Rodman as a good neighbor. Will hold appreciation dinner in Center gym for 200 area residents who made it possible for Center to overcome serious com- munity relations problems that plagued them first year. Have invited Governors Volpe (Mass.) and Chaffee (R.l.), Senators E. Kennedy and E. Brooke, Congressmen Keith and Heckle, MCCOY-- First visit to local area bloodmobile v,ill be made to Center with wide scale donations by Corpsmen. CLEARFIELD --Corpsmen will participate in a different voluntary community project everyday during Salute Week (church yard clean-up, etc.). Team of Corpsmen will visit all local high schools to express appreciation to stu- dents for their acceptance and cooperation. TILLAMOOK (CC) --Will hold community ceremony to donate a historical wood carving depicting "Pioneers on the Oregon Trail" to the County Museum. CLEVELAND --Will present certificate to firms which have made available facilities for OJT, CHARLESTON -- Printing souvenir booklets with feature articles from Corps- women and messages from Sargent Shriver, W. P. Kelly, Bennetta B. Washington and corporate officials, Will distribute to approximately 1,000 expected for Open House. PARKS --Will pay special recogiiiton to all members of Community Relations Councils.. BRECKINRDIGE --Select Corpsmen will visit each business and professIonal office In Morganfield and Sturgess to present souvenir passes to the Center's Open House to the owners and :`perators. PAGENO="0648" 644 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~ KOKO HEAD--Governor John Burns of Hawaii will issue official procla- mation for the week. A male and female student from Kaloni High School * will become honorary enrollees for a day--attending all classes and taking part in all regular Center activities. On Saturday, April 1, Corpsmen will participate in common work project (highway maintenance) with local Jaycees and high school students. NEW WAVERLY (CC)-- Easter Sunrise Services to bo hold at Cantor with all * functions except dóllverance of Easter mossago being cortductod by Corpsman. LUNA (CC)-- Home of Las Vegas, New Mexico citizon Manuel Moostas, recently burned, leaving family includIng 10 children completely homeless and without clothing. Corpsmen have collected clothing for family and wIll hold benefit dance during Salute Week. ATTERBURY-- Westinghouse will present gifts of equipment to Johnson and Bartholomew County Hospital. POLAND SPRING --Will present contribution from Corpzwomon and staff to local United Fund Drive. LEWIS AND CLARK (CC)--Will hold special recognition event for families which have participated in family welcome plan. ARECIBO (Puerto Rico) --March 29 designated sports day. Will stage a full- day dual meet between community organizations and Center. ARROYO (Puerto Rico) --Corpsmen will hold public positions for a day such as Mayor, School Superintendent, School Principal, and local students will function at Center as Center Director, counselors and teachers. Corpsmen will also visit community hospital and present gifts of ash trays made from bamboo and coconut shells and decorated with Job Corps emblem to patients. VIEQUES (Puerto Rico) --Will exhibit Job Corps film for entire community In public baseball park. Corpsmen will offer talent show at Center for commun- ity visitors. GARY --4 Center Explorer Scout Posts (approximately 100-members) will host * posts from entire area at Explorer Olympic Program. Will also have display booth sponsored by Center posts at Scout-O-Rama in Austin. KILMER--Student Government conducting special candy salos to raise $150.00 to buy uniforms for presentation to little league team they are sponsoring. CUSTER-Open invitation to citizens of Battle Creek and Kalamazoo to at- tend Corpsmen graduation ceremony March 28. LINCOLN --Corpsmen read expression of appreciation on floor of State Legislature. Will present Governor and Mayor with Job Corps blazers. Governor will present key Center staff with Admiral Commission in Nebraska Navy. Governor will also present honorary citizenship in the State for Corpsmen. .1 PAGENO="0649" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 645 Parke Job Corps Ce~titer April 3, 1967 "SALUTE TO COMMUN~TXE~" OPEN HOUSE AT PARKS JOB CORPS CENTER DREW MORE THAN 1 500 GUESTS YESTERDAY, 50 PERCENT HIGHER ATTENDANCE THAN LAST YEAR. LOCAL MEDIA SUPPORT OF THE AFFAIR WAS EXCELLENT; COMMUNITY CONSENSUS WAS HIGHLY FAVORABLE. VOCATIONAL, BASIC EDUCATION AND DORMITORY AREAS ALL WERE SHOWCASES OF METICULOUS HOUSKEEPING; C/M DEPORTMENT WAS EXEMPLARY, AND REFLECTED THEIR PRIDE IN JOB CORPS MEMBERSHIP. .JLLOWING NEWS ARTICLE IS BEING RELEASED THIS HORNING TO ALL NORTH CALIFORNIA MEDIA. BRIGHT NEW CARS, C/M-BUILT FLOATS, FOUR MARCHING CONTINGENTS FROM THE CASTLEMONT HIGH SCHOOL R.O.T.C. AND PRETTY GIRLS FROM LOCAL HIGH SCHOOLS COMBINED IN A SUCCESSFUL PARADE AND OPEN HOUSE AT PARKS JOB CORPS CENTER SUNDAY. AN ESTIMATED 1,500 PERSONS VIEWED THE PARADE AND TOURED THE CENTERS BASIC EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL FACILITIES. THE AFFAIR WAS THE WIND-UP OF PARKS' "SALUTE TO COMMUNITIES WEEK", WHICH THE CENTER EXPRESSED ITS APPRECIATED FOR THE COOPERATION AND AID IT HAS RECEIVED DURING ITS NEARLY TWO YEARS OF OPERATION. THE PARADE, SUGGESTED BY C/Il GOVERNMENT TO DRAW MORE PEOPLE TO THE OPEN HOUSE, WAS ORGANIZED BY C/N SENATOR LOUIS ASHLEY. AS IT WOUND THROUGH THE STREETS OF THE CENTER, C/N AND VHSITORS CAME OUT TO WATCH-- AN AUDIENCE OF AS MAY AS 3,000 PEOPLE Ill ALL. LEADING THE PARADE WAS THE CIVIL AIR PATROL COLOR GUARD AND DRILL TEAM. AN OUTFIT WHICH WON FIRST PLACE AWARDS IN 10 OF THE 12 PARADES IT ENTERED LAST SUMMER. ASHLEY, FOLLOWED, FLANKED BY TWO OF THE MANY GIRLS WHO LENT THEIR CHARMS TO THE PARADE, MISS MARLENE lIACIE, OF IRVINGTON HIGH, FREMONT, AND MISS ERNEST1NE NETTLES, OAKLAND TECHINICAL HIGH. THE LARGEST PARADE UNIT BY FAR WAS OAKLAND'S CASTLEMONT HIGH SCHOOL R.O.T.C. HONOR GUARD, BAND , DRILL TEAM AND MARCHING UNIT. THE MOST ELABORATE C/M FLOAS WERE PREPARED BY THE C/M OF BLDG MAINTENANCE AND LANDSCAPING AND THE FARM CLUB. THE MAINTENANCE FLOAT. DEPICTED A HOUSE AND YARD, WITH TIlE VARIOUS TOOLS USED IN THEIR MAINTENACNE. THE FARM'S ENTRY ~AS LED BY PANCHO, THE FAMED LLAMA, AND FOUR HORSEMEN, FOLLOWED BY A FLOAT CONTAINING MANY OF THE FARM ANIMALS, INCLUDING SHEEP, GOATS, RABBITS, CHiCKENS AND PIGEONS. RIDING IN BRAND-NEW CARS LOANEI) BY LIVERMORE AND HAYWARD AUTOMOBILE DEALERS WERE C/M GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE VARIOUS VOCATIONAL AREAS, THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN ORGANIZATION, THE: PAHA'S CLUB, THE DISCIPLES (A C/M SINGING GROUP) AND A PLEASANTON CUB SCOUT UNIT. PAGENO="0650" 646 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 FEDERAL ELEC-TRIC CORPORATION service Ieflm.~ Job Co~p. Coot.,, EdI.oo, N. J. 00017 / Ar.o Cod. 201 005-1000 APR. 31967 Cocrrnunity Reletions Dept. Kilmer Salutes Citizens Of Nearby Municipalities Edison, N.J. - The Student Government and Lead Corpsmen of the Kilmer Job Corps Center presented plaques to the citizens and police departments of several neighboring communities as part of the Job Corps' "Salute to Cccrrsuni- ties Week," March 26 to April 2. On Thursday, the Lead Corpsmen who work very cl6sely with local police officers through the Corpsmen `courtesy patrols," invited the police departments to send representatives to receive spectally cnyraved plaques thanking them for their cooperation and understand;. r~g since the Center opened February 11, 1965. Lead.Corpsmen James Lopes and M~r Sh';wery ~risented ti" pl~e.~ to F.dicon Police Capt. Wilbert Nelson. N~i. l~rv ~te;ck Pcl~ce Capt. Jih~. ~ Highland Park Police Capt. William Cuddy, Scuth ~` . Dominic Spinelli, Metuchen Police Chic.' T~dw. . i.e Chief John Beitz. Police Sgt. Edward Tyler of Soe:th 1 :; :eld a .;.. Kilmei- Comcunity Relations Council, ac:ompari~eci 5~ ri':. ~. member f the council, which serves cs a liaisc.- ~ . ;;::~ Ccur1t:~es The following day the student ~ !d..~c : . ~at~ invited the mayors, or their representativec, t; ~ttertd a l~i.clc~c~ ~r. t.~ Food Service School Dining Hall where plaques were presented to them c. behalf of the citizens of their respective municipalities. ntore- p PAGENO="0651" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 647 Páge 2 Khmer Presents ) Making the presentations were Corpsmeh John Miller end John Smith of the student government. On the receiving end were Mayors Chester H. Paulus of New Brunswick and Herbert M. Tanzman of Highland Park. Township Clerk June S. Jackson represented Mayor Robert Rutter of Piscataway, Metuchen CouncilTnan G.H. Jefferis Jr. accepted the plaque for Mayor Thomas VI. Weber and his borough, and Business Administrator John A. Delesandro accepted his township's plaque for Mayor Anthony M. Yelencsics. Tanzman noted that both he and Capt. Cuddy are members of the cormaunity relations council at the Center and complimented the Corpsmen and staff on the good relations with Highland Park. "The Job Corps.is really doing a wonderful job," ho said, adding thet he could "honestly say, there's been a complete lack of troublo in Highland Park." Paulüs observed that he and Police Chief Ralph Petrone refused "to jump on the bandwagon" last fall when petitions were being circulated to have the Center relocated. Me attributed their refusal to the "close cooperation between ~`our staff and the police department." Center Director D.L, Webber and A3,vin Weber, Kilmer"s Office of Economic Opportunity site representative, were also present at the luncheon. PAGENO="0652" 648 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 A&~%~W~A w f~W~W i~W~W~W~& %W~WJ~ / I -~ ~ I J ~ //~ -(- ~ 1. `j:- i'~-- `, -:~ ~ ~ _~R1S cfN! R. (_f.!!% \iL(1~1(.\~\ FR/DAY, APH/L 7~ ,-.- r' - I- r" (-~- r ~ (`~ ` r~u-r-r;m-T:: ~ r~i, (~ /~,/. /1/ f:i :~I,I (D~~~a / tI.-,~ PAGENO="0653" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 649 VOL.2N0.11 ______-- ____ April4iG~i7 i': ft: , ~C;V~ tr~~?(~ ~ r ~(TC c ~:mo~c _:pvakir at tb baajtot vts Dr. It lyr Jot.:Ma:t~ trot?: tiatai director - -~ r thy Jab Cntp. tar Jnhtv-o:i arok f ft - OifiiItultiUa f cci tv bc Job C1~ a. hat it - `va have tan pic;e-:tr~, nod tic vasy r Ut - - - - - nwo-r is yr-a ecy~ tint-ni, - - -- : - to r~ i rent derta, no :1 tui:lit-a Id - ` - noat 10 itttorronajot tatit tie tte:ts of ft- - - - Tb am alco fear liorO a re-n' ~raduatca, tic-Me 13. i3unI:ley, raw craplel iv the iiartal d bniverr-tty Data Prcevsin:: I. a ratot y t C.trtbrtle. `r. hackles told about tie non aid satat h- md foot mcmontca of lola-an art-I its self. Ho alsi Intrcsluced -Is pit3t: t-r-sntaitc Mayor its brtd- of ooe month, a astir- of nearby bite-art I lI~rrtna:n at Imnat to: about Martha'c btnc-var-d, chart ha met while cm iin~ 2-to trtanis of Rod wan Inert tlt tact-a r ta-v [: lie-font arm l~sl lnei:re nilrt at PIt 11t~a Ta scetor iOn tIe a-cam v~ Jack Gym-tn;. The ilact will i- taut it; C1t~ IV:-t, ;cenal n-crc-mar ct tb- ta; fletfort halt. YMCA an-f chatrtorr, cC ha timim -a COaLI mualty Thy- c-c 510' a: t-i tIe Cooler's i-inca-i ~`~i ~n ~ -ttntvera:ry or hr -tv r a tat of itCh In ;-raac:tjry' tb- phapsa to Mayor calur I- nc-i-:ht-ortna host cotton- lianrinaja, Ca-Ote!- Director The. to -- acknowledhe I `c~renc Itt'' to tuatra is of ci- Jo ct .1 n.~ ,t I-l:ctt - , Mat it liaratnaton tirent. H-- also neat car.gratulstrv tek iIO tIt, lina a toe at at man bmazt too ft-em Viect rest ItOl lot-rI Hurnp1um ttt-t Sc-- put f~ `atly ~tt~~ttt ira- ~ ft- (tft~ 5 ft u!3 O!t~ rtor Ftw:tnd ID-on lv. ft sotsi al rtt 1c- nato nt-s. blot `the dtnnar ta-as the li:htoint of the anni- I thrtk `tat i. h. at I, r----cott, a ia-as-st eta- ,-t-~~n~- obst_rvana a which also in_aitik; a or on `-c rtav, an-I ratio Ibm an.t a certain sari solution submttte1 by Stair-nt Gocarnitient Pro- corruitu-ot hove siccattct -ar mt-st of ttta silent So; Ott-na- nt adopt-i Ii~ ttta rd-' rood ileats bat ~tvh I tt corn unity anti Refiort City Council a clint- for stu-krtto so-I tie Rtxlman Job Corps Cater.'' an afcrnor; talk ta the ataf hr Far. Johnson. - r PAGENO="0654" 650 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ftoNor~ F~. ~ Gnft!at~ : Well, thought to never hr some of the things thnjtht abte to make it hack to Rocreto In never have. to be before such a formaf otto- then first cane into the I - ering. I'm kind of happy about Co'pu l had this mental block. it. `Cause when I loft then I ceuldn't no nothing . . - f was a itt to bit of a hangup h~'- crutdn't en math. ..I dent know tv;eeg New Bedford anc Nodnan shot happt-ncJ to me-. I guess f students. tiny just beat it out of me. c- Somof i nos I kind of r~urct- Somet inns they ask tee on the ` ` ." - ted tftaf I graouated irem tb' oh, ` `Cca I do ftP s~' ` Nov. f Corps becsuse I toueo soot' rcs'ot r, `"es. I con'' Right happiness in the Corps. Rut no:. I fei'i tn in Limbo, I realiy since I've been out i've se--c do. -`\ ~ L -n~-r I ~`ew Bedford Mayor Edt~ard Harrhigton: think we in New Bedford have reason to be proud of the fact that we have played an important rote in what t consider to be a very important experiment. We find that perhaps in some way we rave made some small contribution to the lives of some of the young men who came here to the City of New Bedford. feel that we should be privileged to feet a certain amount of pride and happiness that we have in fact played some small rote in this great experiment in understanding. think that from the very beginning the people here in New Bedford really wanted to live in peace and harmony and viifh a sense of ntufuat understanding with the Job Corps young nten and the staff associated with them. We have found a way to make our individual paths ftow stesdity in the same stream - - we have found a way to seek a meaningful understanding of each others' wants and needs and problems, we have found a way to react together to make what t think is a continuingty significant contribution to the lives of young men who come here to New Bedford in toe hopes of finding a happier and more fruitful and more important life for fhemsetves. We are living as good neighbors and we have deep respect . . respect for what you are doing here and for what Rodman means to so many young men and to the City of New Bedford. Let's hope that over the years, and white the Center remains that it can make a significanf contribution to the City and to the young men. PAGENO="0655" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 651 ft~fthn i~ k~hc~@r~-: 12w jest tile at a univcruttv. the Job -Jnrpr neat have its support from ridividats and oroaaizations of society. As t say, it is a creature of society - crc-ted to eccauptish certain ourooses. But cannot subsist atona: it must hav'r tha backina of tao community. And just as n tht a ccse hare, csharo the appear- nac: hchuv or, courtesy and meaty of the Co es-ann have done ac aructi to turn a c:-srn:aity cuinron around thc same has occurred a other areas ot the coun- He. it ha.- ba-n truly a-cazrrq echon you canc car tue baciciround of these youna - People. tn: d; tticrities attica thcy have hue ta tc :rdeact to mar05 hopetesuacr a. - and C tart- uhea they came nto Job Cc-pc. ct .); corc:rctec tt::t t crrcrsaat utriceda - - I.: u-- c-i cci: in Inc tr.rai10r. uvortd. c .rc u C : - i a -. - -a -c hc:ue, hrt now cane, tact ac- at rctivttv. - - ; u : ~- - H--c--un Ucyc oniac a tar job not onty - w- H: ccc iT c Hues ic hut urouua thc countr~ ut:r-a c-f tru cove rho have taft the raffia a H-:c .-;--. cc-n- -u to na buaca.ac world Rod- I u - : - - ::-;: c) v:-~' n~st attune to alt ot u-au i to b-i - ` `-: -. - an Jch Cc-ps Came to chow its aa cu : r - - :-~ -- at cc i-i c:ntr d rut a dettord and the - - - -- -- r h: Ic-c -` - ct -:c 2'- C cat or bath cave- cc auaarutu- - - cc ut vt -- c crc: --spcvt YOu nova my - - : - c mr2 r'rcJcr-r- - : - - ` -- - -- - r - - Na- trend is art samo- - - - -- - - one whuutiadtyacreuts ovary - - - - - than ann- no. -a ~ critrcc-t - - - - - - : cat' a yc--: c-ac critic era oat - - - - - - - sue art i:- cues ci a-au aaad - :- - - :-- --. - - cur-pt. PAGENO="0656" 652 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 crfl~Q[C[I(r J(J;1? Cd~yi~~ Ccr~cr car ~:rL~ocr tiJTT7°i/ f ~°c.7 ~J]7T~q ~f TE/i]31fi- f?~k7 _.#J._/'J'_/J~. \J_i\,'\' Li I_j'_jJ.'js. \.. :tr.i°.t.L APRIL 14, 1967 CLEVELAND, OHIO VOLUME 2 - NO.32 ViE "SALUTE" Stoort icy right in tire rninst Si our tires is roll> new nrysarnted cith the particolrr srynnt s by which these creation THE WORLD OP 000TH Tern es/i/f of >oath adolescents at/are wilt/u e nnatlrar rn nsderstwrdiny of is the trerre of foe esrarying a~lalf oil's is es/Id/only s therr s/tsslion aid thnrr anpirat ions far fl/c tetsre tascisating, engaging and ir5/flsrO> lrsnrr, and though Dat, nothing is sore irrssrtwrt today, f/se/veer thus that cot yet rsntsre, rat yet wr~e, he / s when ernst her/san rard sac/cry cs-re to grips c/Ph Urrrrnnlses as adults and their grrita stissnti stied asitlr tlrin~s an tirsy are ttrs see earl/I tel ntiorrslsy to Uris ssltrrre of yorrtir It is hair out of the is rrnt nrcrel~ ar siharrpy ncsrdeal, 5 drdn't lust ir:rppes gerrerel coral whsis of oar fine and rts ls,d~rentcl lash to a cerIum segnrcrrt of our enysiatrnn it in a global ~d~wr~rr rarn~es of sinarfcert ha-rannes This shal- pheesrsrrrsn v/rich i- coO- ssan° ass ar.d rnnearlsl 15 1 a--55 of yanhr to cisilicatian is drrestad tao0 rd c/er> Ssaer Ysren it Isypled a sas,'rsr:snt ls the Unrted 5tntea- sr-ia-eat st cur society - tire larr-ily tSr :t:rte ri Us a coUnt / I c eel/c I c Pie-jra's r~enlstinn lu hr-ann //in'r/tr I/s nfirer nnrd_ it 5 nrunsinatrsnn, ann tse aan~ran,ft orde. snpable of anberreenbl nrs~ -sc' -ni r'rtr nsral berraniar - Thrnsn'r ts' r'ndirra sf/sin mb Cn~r' rices Ss .`nrrrry Crc as u-eli cC of easr tree csr strrratr so- sr-f-an creel ad stsdessn eish to ui/_ore sOrb nr-srsstes, ft/ends and ynarcn~r it a/u/or, srnsr~n~' irs rstr're so s/sc en our sannartern snare Of the higirtights of the' :,sards Lanehe-nrr, rrds a Ynatir Culture enrid u-rdo In - scyr- ~sltrrry nars- s t' oar 50 ran C--rot earns `nJ/s ~rc o~n ci i / i a 5 nlsro t j Ii / em nil sit tr r si opt or "tees-nyc prabturn', or rIO "tint see genc'ntios" and r--da0 "5 s'dnrtw'ry far an Jr- s -`r `r / - ron/i er-ar ts dississ it they Vnh tn' yerosrlrty detects in lu' south -"n C mar-' on J/s tieltepa d a am ne of ` / fly I o tr I / of mr yormtmma In real it> Iso- dincosir hrnt adolescents re en icrmgcr ~ --~ a - a- - a - hoe cc he-Theyt c ~ e of n which is prncticntly irnirerrct, Ole /5 ar srrtsrder 151/n 5 rn rrr~ 0-a -/ r2 dL'rr -as `~ 5s.r `e- - r' - -- 1° -F / /j a- ,a' - ~ ,faf , `0 r ~~fl~;'a : ~ 1~ ~ ~ Il~ g C n5 C F ; HI! d CCII A-aarda Larahaarr Ca,- a-ar - 5,/ar 5 5 ni a1-a a,ra rtrd sha aaa,d a'ta~iana or ha-halt at Sneer Oh'c-cr erd Chr,haia Hall, t',a,da-rt at dr ttslla ti,atba, Ca 0 ard Lrrrhaar ttaar, Thaaala,t,lparat,a adraelnadrtI- laahnra_adaaaaratrthyC/rarr-rdjab5,e,at,tdrr/,ar1a,,lr aapa~a'raratt0Han' BalI,ab, tarra to/nat' Ira ha, at Faa C PAGENO="0657" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 653 CLEVELM~D CE~TEfl SCO~ES ~r L> ~ I C ~ 1 1 to 0032f( 0 poo-" o-. /.~-o'd -n `cr ~c'-- : bo proo~ to dipfof. -` - `0 Th.: Ckodond Job Cnrp; Crr.~r to' "ci i' a -~ - $4q32 too-'- of G..oo rr-'cn~, Non-~ro4; C; -,:~~- - - -~ co-a- dr6r': r~r,4 drr:afcp rbrir alto' C" --i - - - - "Yooacorpc"y `at `-`ar cft b~':r ifico'4 `-i'.b~o, to coo' ~ ,- -,. C-. V f `, -: -`-`i -: f-C.-, CI,. L of c-nc- of Cia,tood" -- ir;'!o 1':- . `;~.. -`:`_V, -` . - J E. A!Ic:I-nod, -V:-:t:'nr o;:. on ti-f i--rI':'; C. - ` - - .,.- --`:`CV'.',;;; ,::,` C- Aadcr;nn, C. 4. :-`-`.-~-.-` `rfl;.; -`.`Ct~'- A--or, .-,, . : . . ` -* . - *- ~ I: `-7 ---f-'-'-- ``-.2,.; tlo:ct (of; C:. 1roa~o lao', Ck ,*--J - - ` f- ` - - .- . - V. -,,--`-` oo;:, - Un `csUy; J. 8. 0:"dr, G;Lthc `of-' Co co,,; -- . `.°. .- - - -1' ,C f--c! ECocotc"; ~ lo'o~, U34OO C1! 5::-- I-:,; I. -. - - -` - - : V 2,,,. Mrto ~co'o'oc4--' Co--no",'; 0. C. C"orC,-',S - -: C':-' ` , -- - ` . - :4.,!, .1, Cc'ro',y; 0'.. Clock. 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[T~' c:Tk~efTT I ~ ~ ~ ~ dl - fl~ ~; I \`~°J ""`i~ ~;;:i:lt:~l l~ JOB CORPS ALUMNAE HONORED Three outstanding graduate alumnae of the Cleve- land Jab Carps Center far Women mere in attendance at the Awards Luncheon representing three different phases of successfully ventured vacations. They were: Miss Louise Paul - Supervisor, Windsor Hospital, from Lexington, Kentucky who received the plaque far the hospital; Miss Paulette Prentice - Computer Operator far the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, from Pittsburgh; and Mim Beverly Brawn - Secretary, Supreme Life In- surance Co. from Pittsburgh, P0. In addition to being singularly honored, it was like homecoming to the former Carpswomen. / ~, ,~```~ J C"; I - *` -____1 -- N Cud Jib C, es Cet situ is be Abe deiete'diy te spelbilities I tie et,suieity Ittlees ted d elepieeet tel es-the' A ills IOJTI ptsqtes `tee espielbIe I, eel tI the seeeess eftheAeeedsh,ieeehe,e 5ttileu bets eiet:e5 `4th di5eitt,ies I Aided: hi Oteedd Ce,teieh,eei; Mu Jest eec, Jib Cups Ci ecetisy Reliskes Speeledist; Mt. Jet Yeieeg, VecsIITtsiiiis,OJT&Pkeeeehiuipe,eise,t; £5 Oe,~e~ Mts Jeee Wilbe,, Add sttetiee desisteiet; ted Mt Lseis R Seittet Ms set these 305 lb Cites cite gudiestes pheped by ejee esspe,estises shseeeybeiis ii c, - `hi ckudisbcssscecs'sresesehip'ihs tsssd ditty sees u-sib, ed ti 0' 0e,e by Ms. hi 0 hi lb,-, Edt, ted Peblish,-, ~f tb Ck,-edi',d Cedi p P~ ted led 5,-lesiets Cs-i suite k At- 5'-te si Oh's `Is-i';, 51' Rs,ph Bess,, P,i,sdetetsd''ecleeeisesdtleet'-iH-e,,s,e, ce'tesee sed CAse-s, tithe Obie ce--isseete iliAc, Ed sties es'etes);5tChels'sChepess',P,esdee'el Ceeshits, cs'--iedy CIA-ce, the s-epA seed `he -`ed itt "tee esyetstiee p;stite bets,'' the sees ,e,,t'ru 5, s--id s"i"pbsdy's ftietsd, A', Lies 15 5eit,e, PAGENO="0659" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 655 ~PEC~AL c;rAru):~ FOP MENTORS ,~ I 7 ci p - - - -~ -.: - -c, `ico~ ~-;e c~ rieot~r~ to tho dolT - -. c:-- - -c:: c 1:,h: J&r Eu~Torncnto, - / -- :-:icv---:: -L. -s-.-: r-0,--~~ Car-ic o~, Courcoloc-at- - :_7~ / La-.'; N: -, Fr Joiv~rsiry Cr~I~ Do- St .-- ~- - "~:, - r .:;--- -i :- - - -:` : :_ Lao' r: hi~ - - :--`. - -- ~-:~ ":` .,:..: -,. ,,. - -: ---Nh tN: cc-7inra- 1- C 1" --,-, I- - b 7 C 7 --- - I -, - PAGENO="0660" ~` L~'~- ~fl ~ cr ~ (_`~ 9~ 1 0 3: ~ ~iJ 3 UI ~ 3d 3 3 `Ij 0 0 fl4 r I I1~I rt~ ;2Q CD cc 0 UI rn B 0) UI NJ CD ~"1 4 .4. H~, :~ I I ~ `1 Cn CD a 0 C-) 0 0 H ci H ~cj C) (4 It 44 0 14 (4 - (1 0 0 3 3 ~ - ~ cii (4 0 cO (4 ~ ~ I ~ 0) :T~~ )~t H: Vt) It I H PAGENO="0661" ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 657 ~CS7OlSC ?o cio"'o Le:~e" Soowo ~ C~::~muC(~y Su:i~ort Overwhelming nationwide community support for the Job Corps comes through in the response Director W. P. Kelly has received from his March 3 letter to civic leaders in each of 71 or eas affec ted by Job Corps centers. Kelly asked these people for their "frank and honest appraisal" of the program and, specifically, if ;;e center had benefited the community and if the corpsmen had participated in comnruoity activities. ~iiLl-be most grateful for your views. I'm sure they will be invaluable in my goal to improve all phases of the Job Corps program," he wrote in his letter sent two days after his appointment as Director had received congressional approval. ill (mrs of Projects Cited Respondents were obviously pleased that Kelly had di- rectly contacted them for comments nod pointed to all sorts of community projects in which corpsmen and women have been involved: nurses aide programs, helpinghandicapped child)en, workiag to prevent flood damage, restoring a widow's house, contributing to beautification programs, participating i.-i sports, choral singing and communi~y celebrations. (In Lincoln, Neb., corpsmen baked a 1,000. lb. cake to help hick off the state's centennial celebration.) The police chief of Henderson, Ky., wrote that (Breckinridge) sas brought to this city some of the finest people I have ever met and I sincerely hope they remain Cer.:or ,Ic.kes Exccllent Neighbor" Fort Vannoy (Ore.) Conservation Center has been an "e&cellenr neighbor" of Grants Pass, Ore., a leading citizen wrote. The Lewis County(Wash.) sheriff said that the staff ans corpsmen at Cispus Conservation Center in his opinion had "proved themselves 100 percent." The mayor of Lincoln, Neb., wrote Kelly that he had had a part in "negotiations that helped establish the Job Corps in Lincoin. I can assure you as I look back that if I were to do -- all over again,I would certainly follow the From a Ch...rber of Commerce official in San Marcos, Tee., came: ~e "Carp Job Corps Center has been a real asset to the c::y. . . .Gary is visited constantly byiodus. trialists and business leaders. - because çhey have realized that ~.oy corpsman graduating from th eceocer will be one of the test employees hired." Ausit to Growing Pains An editor a .ewspapee not far from Kilmer (N. J.) I.i,n's Cen:er. of.:.rd istif Kelly had"requested infor- ,oatioa on Co. K.. or just short of a year ago," he would - have hod "tc ..y ..at we would like nothing better roan to get them .e corosmen) out of our area. However, I am hap?y to :~pc.. that recent months have brought a better picture roe center and the corpsmen., ~.. *. - "Not only have reports of trouble diminished, hot we have hat numerous stoefes of corpsmen participating, beneficially to themselves and their neighbors, in projects of many kinds." Another editor whose paper is eight across the Missis- sippi River from Clinton (Iowa) Women's Center says, "there have been minor problems. . .bat I do not think these begin to nullify the many advantages to the com- munity from the installation (of the center), to say nothing of the good results which may be expected with many of the people who are being trained." Still another editor in Charleston (W. Va.) wrote that "from time to time there has been minor friction. - .but nothing out of the ordinary, and in my opinion far less than many old ladies in tennis shoes had anticipated." Golhrie is "Oar" Cotter Perhaps the most enthusiastic letter came from the president of the Chamber of Commerce in Guthrie, Okla. "The general attitude of this community towards the Job Corps Center may be summed up in the statement that we feel it is `our' center." He said the presence of Job Corps dollars had been felt by the town's merchants and the presence of the corpswomen themselves had taught "staid old Guthrie something about tolerance "The Job Corps Center," he went on, "has proved to be a fine neighbor. Tney keep their house clean; they move quickly and efficiently to take care of any problems which may arise; they purchase locally thus supporting those who supported them; they joined the Chamber of Commerce, giving a substantial contribution on behalf of the corpswomen; and a large number of the young women attend church each Sunday, which is looked upon very favorably in this part of the country." PAGENO="0662" 658 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Iv C ornmunfty Service Prcject~ JOE~ CO~S YO~Rll=fl, ~ll~©~ll~G CO~DTII~ ~ ~AC~ OT~i~ `The human kindness displayed to these boys has renewed their spirits and rekindled their hopes for a useful future. . ." Wesley Coombs, Warren, Pa. "These young men hove gone into the community and have given their time, energy and enthusiasm . . . Through their work, they are beginning to understand the community as a whole." Mrs. L. B. Hodgson, Battle Creek, Mich. These two statements typify what is going on in hundreds of com- munities around the country where the young men and women of Job Corps are becoming active and accepted members of communities-and the communities are repaying them in appreciation. Job Corps is the residential program for youth 16 through 21 de- signed to give the education and work skills needed to make them employable. The program has been in operation about two years and now has 116 centers in operation. The thousands of young people in Job Corps are doing more than learning-they are contributing their time and efforts in helping im- prove and beautify communities, raising money for charitable causes, donating their blood, helping underprivileged youngsters, rescuing acci- dent victims, fighting fires and floods, preserving and improving natural resources. These efforts by the Corpsmen and women are noticed and rewarded by the community involved or its citizens, who have opened their hearts and homes, schools and churches and clubs to these young people. Wesley Coombs of Warren, Pa. led a most unusual drive in December 1966. There were 77 young men at the nearby Blue Jay Job Corps Con- servation Center who were not eligible to receive government-paid trips home for Christmas as their annual leave. Coombs launched a drive in the area to raise $2,100 needed to pay for these trips. The people of Forest and Warren Counties showed their gratitude quickly, mostly in $1 and $5 contributions. Many didn't want public credit for this, including a double amputee who arrived at the Center to càntribute $5. In Brevard, N. C., the members of the Rosman Methodist Church paid the fare of one Corpsman from the Schenck Conservation Center for his Christmas trip and the Center did likewise. PAGENO="0663" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 659 The Estacada (Ore.) Telephone & Telegraph Company gave a recep- tion for 100 Corpsmen from the Timber Lake Conservation Center and, as a Christmas gift, provided free five-minute telephone calls to the Corpsmen to anywhere in the country. In 1965, residents of Silver Bay, Minn., had Corpsmen from the Isabella Conservation Center as guests in their homes for Christmas dinner. This year, the Center had about 190 young men and the residents tried a different approach. They raised money for food and gifts, cooked and baked, and put on a party for the Corpsmen at the Center. The Tuolumne County (Calif.) Salvation Army Service Unit and 17 community organizations operated a hospitality center in Sonora over Christmas weekend for Corpsmen from the Five Mile Conservation Center. These are typical examples of what went on in a great many com- munities last Christmas as individuals and groups tried to make the holiday a happy one for these youth. These actions, however, were not sudden, seasonal impulses. They resulted from many good deeds of Job Corpsmen and women through the year. Three hundred Corpsmen from Custer Job Corps Center, in four months of 1966, devoted more than 2,200 hours of their free time in volunteer work in Battle Creek, Mich., as therapy aides in the State Home, stagehands for the Civic Theatre, picking up Goodwill Industries bags, carolling at hospitals during the holidays, serving as bellringers for Salvation Army and filling Christmas stockings for poor children. Corpsmen at the Ottawa (Port Clinton, 0.) Conservation Center or- ganized a "Volunteers for Ottawa" group at the Center to perform community services. Cleanup drives were aided by Corpsmen from such centers as Harpers Ferry (W. Va.), Toyon (Redding, Calif.), Los Pinos (Elsinore, Calif.), Atterbury (Edinburg, md.), Cass (Ozark, Ark.), Lewiston (Calif.), Kilmer (Edison, N.J.), Pine Knot (Ky.) and Trapper Creek (Darby, Mont.). Corpsmen helped decorate many neighboring communities for Christ- mas and rang bells for the Salvation Army, delivered toys and food to the needy, sang carols at orphanages and hospitals, sold UNICEF Christmas cards and Christmas seals. Among these were youth from such centers as Clam Lake (Wis.), Pine Ridge (Chadron, Nebr~), McCoy (Sparta, Wis.), Custer, Gary (San Marcos, Tex.), Castle Valley (Price, Utah), Curlew (Wash.), Poland Spring (Me.), Collbran (Cob.), Parsk (Pleasanton, Calif.), Cedar Flat (Kooskia, Ida.), Breckinridge (Morgan- field, Ky.), Weber Basin (Ogden, Utah), Clearfield (Utah) and Sly Park (Polbock Pines, Calif.). These young people were active in special projects to provide recre- ational facilities-Flatwoods (Coeburn, Va.) Corpsmen constructed a recreational center at Hanging Rock, Breckinridge Corpsmen cleared a lot for a playground in Evansville, md., Gary Corpsmen helped the Austin Lions Club improve a baseball field, Schenck Corpsmen helped repair a Brevard teen center, Lincoln (Nebr.) Corpsmen contributed money for recreation at the State Hospital, Clear Creek (Carson City, Nev.) youth rehabilitated a Little League field. PAGENO="0664" 660 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Whatever the project, Corpsmen and women were ready, eager and able to help-Atterbury Corpsmen helped prepare the Edinburg Ceme- tery for Memorial Day and helped beautify Fall Creek Parkway in Indianapolis, Custer Corpsmen helped paint deteriorating homes in Kalamazoo's "Outreach Program," Gary Corpsmen helped repair an airport hangar for the City of San Marcos and landscaped several church and parsonage grounds, Tongue Point (Astoria, Ore.) Corpsmen painted a Portland children's home, thus saving it $3,700. Kilmer Corpsmen helped repair a building for a public center in New Brunswick, N.J., Parks Corpsmen helped move 32,000 books to a new Livermore (Calif.) Library, Rodman (New Bedford, Mass.) Corps- men helped erect new signs in Buttonwood Park Zoo, Tongue Point men worked with the Astoria Jaycees in checking auto safety and spent two evenings aweek cleaning up the Astoria YMCA. The young women of the Cleveland Center delivered dinners daily to elderly shut-ins, Poland Spring Corpswomen served as aides in local schools, and young women from Excelsior Springs (Mo.) worked as nurses' aides in Kansas City. The Corpsmen and women, like most teenagers, were particularly anxious to assist in projects involving children. Corpsmen at two centers adopted South Vietnamese children through the Foster Parents Plan-members of Cadre 1 at Tongue Point and the young men at the Arrowood (Franklin, N.C.) Conservation Center proudly contribute to the care and education of these children. Gary Corpsmen prepared the Austin YMCA Day Camp. and cooked meals at the Kiwanis Children's Camp, the Parks Center made its arts and crafts facilities available to area children, Rodman Corpsmen staged a carnival for 400 New Bedford youngsters, Atterbury Corpsmen helped escort 400 Indianapolis impoverished children to a theatre and another group to a circus, Luna (Las Vegas, N.M.) Corpsmen escorted Head Start children to a forest and cut down Christmas trees of their choice for their schools. Lincoln Corpsmen put on a Chirstmas party for youngsters at the Orthopedic Hospital and other institutions, young men at the Ft. Van- noy (Grants Pass, Ore.) Conservation Center donated a weekend to preparing a Girl Scout camp site and Jacobs Creek (Bristol, Tenn.) young men sponsored a Boy Scouts field day. The young women of the Poland Spring Center put on a Halloween party for local youngsters, as did the Breckinridge Corpsmen for chil- dren in Henderson, Ky., as well as an Easter egg hunt. * "I wish to extend a special thanks through you to the Office of Economic Opportunity for the service performed by their Job Corps at a time of extreme need following the tornado of October 14 of this year, that wreaked such great havoc on our community." Telegram from Mayor R. E. Misner, Belmond, Ia. to President Johnson Job Corpsmen have proved their spirit of helpfulness and their will- ingness to assist people in trouble. When the City of Belmond was seriously damaged by tornado, Corps- men from four Conservation Centers-Poplar Bluff (Mo.), Blackwell (Laona, Wis.), Clam Lake and Hoxey (Cadillac, Mich.)-volunteered PAGENO="0665" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 661 their services and were rushed to the site. They worked hard and long to help the city dig out. Earlier in the year, volunteer Corpsmen from Poplar Bluff, Cass, Mingo (Puxico, Mo.) and McCook (Nebr.) performed similarly to assist the City of Topeka, Kan. Grateful Topekans could not say or do enough for the 200 young men who toiled unceasingly to help clear the debris. Eighty of them asked to stay longer than originally scheduled so that they could finish the job. Atterbury Corpsmen helped clean up storm damage in Edinburg, which led a town official to say: "It would have been impossible for the town employees alone to have things back to normal in so short a time." Custer Corpsmen repaired a dam damaged by flood and Alpine (Ariz.) men repaired roads after Winter floods. The City of Morganfield, Ky. faced a crisis some months ago when two members of its three-man police force were injured in an auto accident. The Breckinridge Center security office provided three men to help out until the injured men returned. Corpsmen at the Collbran Center, trained in mountain rescue work, helped bring down two injured hunters from a cliff. Two Gary Corps- men drowned while trying to rescue other swimmers endangered by a severe undertow; another Gary Corpsmen resuscitated a 53-year old man who had been electrocuted; Corpsmen from Los Pinos rescued a traffic accident victim from the Santa Ana Mountains and Five Mile Corpsmen rescued a youth injured in a canyon fall. The donation of blood by Corpsmen has become almost universal and the young men and women of the program consistently help in raising funds for organized programs, local institutions and disaster victims. Either through special projects or regular solicitations, drives such as the March of Dimes, American Cancer Society, American Red Cross, CARE, United Fund, Salvation Army, Cerebral Palsy, Heart Association and UNICEF were aided by the young people from Weber Basin, Omaha (Nebr.), Hodgens (OkIa.), Breckinridge, Kilmer, Custer, Charleston and Huntington (W. Va.), Albuquerque (N.M.) and Excel- sior Springs. The young men of the Blue Jay Center helped provide shelter for a family burned out of its home, Kilmer Corpsmen sold candy to raise money with which to buy food for area poor, Breckinridge Corpsmen staged a Senior Citizens Day in Evansville and put on a one-week cam- paign at the Center for funds with which to buy powdered soft drinks for American troops in Viet Nam. Custer Corpsmen raised funds for the Lakeside residence in Kalama- zoo and a Corpsmen's musical group raised enough money to send four boys to Summer camp; two Tongue Point Corpsmen made a special cart for a disabled child, and Marsing (Ida.) Corpsmen entertained at a musical for the aged. Virtually every center has young people with musical talent and this is displayed in the Center and in the communty. A great many Corpsmen and women also exhibit special talent for writing and art. A number of Centers have had art exhibitions, featuring the work of these young people, and a national showing of their work was featured in the Smithsonian Institution. While the service of the young men and women to the communities is extracurricular, such service is an important part of the overall ob- jective of making good citizens of these young people. PAGENO="0666" 662 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 L~~tC cJ: C~ [~ ~ - ,indT~hti rd itori k hakiuc instructor ti~stor~ Saber Usn~ 13 advanced Cidiniry Corpsmen began baking the cake in ,ctions on Mislay ~y r ~,, ~ ~ ~ das s The 310 pounds of troting king 36 nich civsdr> saber carded whipped up during this period, also. in battle by Nebridias second gosenior, The cub r tion men cacti d to the its 31 st governor. ,\nrbi rt liemann mijestit Side Capitol in baker di Wednesdiv cart d the itt slices from livery lois k stud assembling of tb erea the giant I5tlttpnnnd Centennial Cake tiori beyan shorth- after the Statehouse designed and bib 1 h Cnipsnien frtiin clued Tuesda evenmg iiriat decori tie lincoln Job Cot p Center lions were completed ~Vednc dp morn The lust pu's i trout hi rake went to ing hi tore Cii admiring Ci's ot hundred siIiraskis first lids Mrs. Tiemann. of onlssei Nantv Griffin, tue Miss Nebraska Ceo The Nebraska C'nieonial \on Profit tenriial Queen, ret elsed the sei,itnil lice, Cirpsritiou punt1 fur the ingredients and (idinarv (list ipatiun Campus Corps C~irpsmcn iiiilced the skills they had men toOls u cc tIe sers iii. of the cake, leirud to do the baking and toting of Morsels wee sec cci to the state seni lbs i ike lois, stile uflicids anti visitors it tIe Centei Director Weiesinie f, lirvint birthday paris' s his ii snide. ii lie ldtPli aid the I menlo Job Corps ( titer w is ear ol statehood Sanipli s oi lie cake estrenui Is p oinl tni,l honored in pta sverc niailed to the tales Congressional such an iniportanit molt' in he Ni boa ka deleiitiiin as sell a to toll toED soil (siitenai ii Jilt Corps officials iiiclnding (bEt) Di lie praised flit Copinien ho hr Ipel rector Saryent Stirts'er. with the ire ion of tins bistro is' cake The entire ierrnionv mis t levied Large i'iiiii `It to sit mitsltrt ticrsriiis bs' the Nebraska Edie atio'mal `ielevisiito the sake ccii ninest lit `1 pitiiiids of iii Nets sub, grrdtsnt- ,itsl tb sing tek aititlist 1611 `1 he salter uterI liv Cns'ernorTiemann psiiititls. flit its tier of he' tui~v ~,s was sari ed bs' Colonel Hubert Vi , titling lbs ~ite s'tb its topsigrapiiie Fumnas, fainonus s avairy contiriansier nil fmstiio~ irislerl `sitli the icing. the state ses'oniri gos'ernor, trio' ~hio tacit tic i, histris' esemits its from 1673 to 1875 the state's lu-tory were depicted ssieli Cotter the ss'atthful eyes iuf Charles `is tIn, ti its ispress twit this coining rif Utiseitig, Culinary vocational supervisor, ths m'tlrs,id, PAGENO="0667" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 663 CuItn~ry Corpsmen rn~x the Then into the ovens - hatter PAGENO="0668" 664 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 The finished product and he bakers /fl ~ ni: ir~ CfIIILII7]/i,CR[1 PAGENO="0669" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 665 PAGENO="0670" I PAGENO="0671" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 667 PAGENO="0672" 668 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 ~ ~ John McKoy, Lillington, N. C. - I was a little muddy, but was more than glad to help. It makes you feel good to help someone. Robert Staten, Stollings, S. Va. - I liked helping people in the time of need. I would be glad to do it again if I had to. David Harvey, Philadelphia, Pa. - I have never seen anything like it. I'm willing to help now and again if it ever happens again, but I hope it doesn't. Ronald Vance, Ethel, VI. Va. - (No comment.) Leonard Haughton, Little Birch, S. Va. - It was a real disaster area. I was sorry so many people lost so much. Jerry Viilson, Hertford, N. C. - I never stopped to think, but the sick and injured suffer right along with the other people in this type of thing. Harold Defibaugh, Iron Gate, Va. - People lost a lot. I was glad to help because they sure needed it. I would do it again if need be. John Leigh, Vernon Hill, Va.~ - A whole lot of damage was done and the hospital as well as others lost a lot. As the rest of the corpsmen, I'm willing to help and would gladly help again. Joe Harris, Norfolk, Va. - I would be glad to help anyone in need when something like this happens. Earl Coles, Clover, Va. - I didn't know that water could do so much damage, and I was more than glad to help clean the buildings, grounds and equipment for the students so they could go back to school. Frank Balser, Liverpool, S. Va. - I enjoyed helping the people of Marlinton cleanup. I feel real bad about the things that the people lost and I'm sure all the other corpsmen feel the same. John Padgett, Midland, Pa. - Speaking for the group of corpsmen at Anthony, we were glad to help in anyway and feel that if anything like this ever happens again we would be glad to assist in anyway that we can. Mike Belton, Baltimore, Md. - I was glad to help the people of Marlinton in the time of need and would do it again.if need be. Robert McMillan, Beckley, ~V. Va. - I was glad to assist in helping clean up Marlin- ton after the high water because a person never knows when he might need help. Frank McClain, Dover, Del. - I was glad to give assistance in helping clean up the Ed ucation Building at Marlinton. I would be glad to help in anyway if this would ever occur again. Richard Crawford, Cheboygan, Mich. - Along with other corpsmen, I helped cleanup the grade school. It was one of the muddiest and messiest jobs I've had during my stay in Job Corps. Eldon Sipple, Mingo County, ~V. Va. - It sure was a mess, but I was more than glad to help. Douglas Doyle, Scranton, Pa. - We weren't the only ones to help, naturally. The boys and girls of the high school and the people were all doing what they could to sal- vage a little. All suffered a loss where I could see. Roger Butler, Zuni, Va. - It was a pitiful sight to see people trying to dry out the mattresses and personal belongings while still swamped with water. Larry Spencer, Columbia, N. C. - Nothing much to say at a time like this, just pitch in and clean up. I was glad to help out. Kenneth Dunford, Bradshaw, S. Va. - Ididn't realize water could damage stuff like that. The people needed help and I did what I could and was glad to do it. Landis Hale, Baltimore, Md. - I've never seen anything like this. The people suffered a lot and I was glad to help. Lonnie Smith, Kermit, S. Va. - It was one of the worst floods I have ever seen and it did more damage to any town than I've ever seen. I was more than glad to help. Most of the boys agreed that they were glad to have been able to help the people of Marlinton. They all received many thanks from the residents and they would be glad to go back and help at any time. PAGENO="0673" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 669 Nearly 503 young ~ioron in the Clinton (la.) Job Corps Center are working alongside torapeople to prevent flooding of the Mississippi River at that point, rhile eanthar 1,000 Job Corpsmen are ready in Wisconsin to fight floods. The young yemen in the Cl inton center have bean working four hours a day, filling sandbags as Ciin~on builds levees to prevent flooding. The river's crest is e::pected Saturday. Center Diruc toT U. A. Levis reported to Job Corps Director Wa. P. Kelly, that 150 young vo:~cn have boon rocking the morning shift and shout 300 the afternoon shift in filling sandbags. During the remaining half day, the young vooe~ continue their Job Corps education and training. Kelly said an additional 20 young women are working with the American Red Cross canteen in making sandriches. The center, he said, is making i~s grounds available for the storage of equipment and merchandise from flood-threatened establishments. The center also is getting ready to accommodate up to 200 families, who might be made homeless, for a ruorith or more. Noanwhile, approximately 200 young men from two Wisconsin Job Corps Conservation Centers are preparing to join flood cleanup crews in Northern Wisconsin. The young men are from the Blackuell Center near Laona and the Clnm Lake Center at Clam Lake. The McCoy Job Cocoa Center at Sparta, Wisconsin has offered the service of its 700 young man to Governor Knowles and Civil Defense authorities are deterrilning hew and where to use them. JOB C0P3SkE~ A~D U0~k~ ASS1ST1~*:G iN FIoRfIt:c LlD~TEST FLOODS 80-084 0 - 67 - 43 PAGENO="0674" 670 ECONO~'IIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Wildlife ][J~y~tg A~fici~ G~ Hits New g~rrr4 G~ ~ ,~ 1: ~-. c__ ` 1- c, ~ F - I ~` ~I ~~:1 ~ I ~ eILDLIFE MERCY t.IISSIOU -Boston Record-Arnerkan photo Corpsmall Ruth ~i One of Americas most beautiful pieces covered with oil and unable to fly. of land was recently hit 1w a huge glob of Under the direction of park rangers and floating crude oil that seriously damaged Audubon Society officials, the Corpsmen beaches and wild life. Cape Cod, a slender combed 28 miles of beach during the first finger of land on the Massachusetts coast. three days. When they came upon a living was struckbv the oil slick on April 16. ihe bird, it was carefully carried back to the oil is believed to have come from a sunken center's laundry room, washed and dried World War IT freighter, and placed under shelter for recovery. Since the \VELLFIEET cMassachu seits) center is located only a fey hundred yards For most of the 568 birds collected, the from the ocean on Cape Cod, Corpsmen ordeal was just too much. All but 40 have were among the first to discove~ the -hans- died since being found. Since every bird ter. would probably have died without help, As emergency plans were being laid out Corpsmen feel that even this small number by State officials, Welifleet Corpsmen de- of survivors made the effort worthwhile. cided to do something inimediately about Rescue work will continue until all stricken the hundreds of helpless sea birds caught birds in the area ha~e been located and in the mess. The birds were completely helped. PAGENO="0675" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 671 SPRING CLEAN-UP-About o dozen Corpsmen from h4orsing (Idoho) recently cleoned out obout o ton of litter from the Jump Creek Cenyon recreation area. Three of the Corpsmen who picked up the troEh left by p cntckers ore (left to rtght) Don Swortz Emtlto Rodrtquez ond John Peterson -Morstng photo PAGENO="0676" 672 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Coa~unity Affairs Dept. Parks Job Corps Center Pleasanton, California Phone: 828-1000, Ext. 521 January 4, 1967 Release #1-2-7 PARKS JOB CORPS CENTER--Nearly 400 underprivileged--but happy--children were given a gigantic Christmas party by Corpsmen. For many of the youngsters--and Corpsmen, too--it was their first real Christmas party. Hosts for the day were the 800 Job Corps enrollees, most of whom cone from the same background of poverty as their younger guests, It was a happy exception to the life the children are accustomed to most of the year, It was officially known as "Heart of Parks" Day. Arriving by chartered buses from a half dozen cities from throughout the bay area, including the Hunters' Point area, the 400 youths were guests at var- ious parties given in their honor by Corpsmen in nine separate dormitories at the center, The children, ranging in age from seven to 11, played games, talked with Corpsmen and generally got acquainted, After the initial encounter when shyness and apprehension gave way to warm affection and understanding, the children enjoyed lunch with Corpsmen in the dining hall, "They had their choice of steak or hot dogs," said Al Parker, Community Affairs Manager, "and hot dogs won out .i-2~" In addition, the kids were given ice cream "and drank milk like it was going out of style." A Center spokesman said the eating habits and appetites of the youngsters reminded him of incoming Corpsmen, many of whom get their first complete meal when they enter a Job Corps Center, PAGENO="0677" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 673 After lunch the youngsters were treated to entertainment in the center theater, decorated in gay holiday trappings. There were two cartoons and live music by a Corpsmen musical group, "The kids just loved it," one official said, But the real treat of the day cane with the arrival of Santa Claus, He evoked smiles of delight and a few quizzical glances from the younger children, Santa, in the person of automotive instructor Tom Bostaph, gave out presents to each of the children as Corpsmen, recruited as Santa's helpers especially for the occasion, passed out candy. The day came to an end, much too soon for the children, with Corpsmen passing out food baskets, including a Christmas turkey, to each family uni~~, The foodstuffs and toys were purchased from $1,300 in donations raised at the center, more than half contributed by Corpsmen themselves, "Heart of Parks" was the brainchild of Byron Caldwell, head of counseling at Parks, The youngsters were recruited by various social welfare agencies and other charitable and religious groups, They came from San Francisco, Oakland, Richmond, Hayward, Brentwood, Pittsburg, Pleasanton and Livermore~ PAGENO="0678" 674 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 IUNDY pr~pr~~~ ~rcn ~y,ut art a flraduta~ Frid.~v tta rniarr~cu-y n~ htn a,Carparan?ar. PAGENO="0679" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 675 PAGENO="0680" PAGENO="0681" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 677 FXNALE To quote Excelsior Springs, Missouri Bank President O.W. RISLEY, at the April 12, 1967, meeting of the Center-Community Relations Council: "It's become a part of the community, just like the corner drug store, movie, factory or other business -- it's no longer that Job Corps Center up on the hill." PAGENO="0682" 678 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Kelly, would you comment on the question that my colleague, Mr. Goodell, asked, and I think he was referring to this. That is the role, the activity of the Job Corps centers in the field of direct placement of your graduates. Mr. KELLY. Dave, do you want to reply to that? Mr. GOrrLIEB. Several people played important roles in the place- inent of a Jobs Corps man. In about 35 percent of the cases the corps- man takes the initiative and helps to place himself and does a fairly effective job. The Jth Corps center in about 13 percent of the cases has taken the intiative and then we operate with organizations. WIC's helps us and the JACS, which is another organization involved in the placement part so thaw we try to involve as many people as possible. Mr. BRADEMAS. I am sure I have no more time left but I would like to ask unanimous consent that if there is time remaining after the other members put their questions that my colleague from New York, Mr. Goodell, be given additional time to proceed. Ohairman PERKINS. Mr. Ayres. Mr. A~uns. I suggest that Mr. Quie be next. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Quie. Mr. QUIE. I would like to ask you about the evaluation reports. What reports are there other than the three that Louis Harris & Associates have conducted? Mr. GOTTLIEB. There are a variety of reports ranging all the way from the educational gains study to studies of vocational training, how effective we have been in our curriculum on communications skills. I have a list here that we can submit. Chairman PERKINS. Without objection it will be inserted in the record, gentlemen. (The list to be supplied follows:) PAGENO="0683" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 679 L~\~DEi~ RE~RQDRTJ~~ #c~i3 Evaluation and Research Branch, Plans and Evaluation Division, Plans and Programs Directorate, Job Corps, Office of Economic Opportunity, Washington, D.C. 20506 OEO.JC1 JOB CORPS EVALUATION, RESEARCH AND PROGRAM PROJECTS In this the fourth issue of A & R Reports, abstracts of studies and projects conducted under the direction of the various branches of Job Corps Headquarters are presented. Essentially this is an up- dating of the first issue of the report series. Included are in- progress and completed projects performed: (a) under contract; (b) in-house; or, (c) by non-Job Corps personnel (Master's Theses, term papers, etc.). Each abstract specifies the title and contract number (if applicable), the group conducting the project, the time period, the current status--in-progress or completed. Also indicated is the office from which further information can be obtained. The projects are cross-indexed both by OEO Contract number and by a topi- cal code category. A discussion of the efforts of Centers and individual staff members is not included. We would like to publish an issue which deals specifically with the efforts of Job Corps staff since there has been very little exchange in this area. If your Center has completed studies or projects of interest we would appreciate copies of the report to be placed in the Evaluation and Research files and the OEO Information Library. In a further attempt to encourage the contribution of Job Corps Center Staff, the Plans and Programs Directorate has sponsored the "Action" Research Program. The purpose of this program is to provide small amounts of money to sponsor special efforts of Job Corps Centers in the areas of program evaluation, programmatic research and documentation. A bulletin announcing this program and detailing procedures will be released shortly. We hope to feed-back as much of the information available to Headquarters as possiblein future A & R Reports. It is hoped that this report series will promote integration of ideas in Job Corps. Any suggestions or comments concerning this publication or contributions for future issues, as distinct from requests for information mentioned within the publication should be addressed to Dr. William Darnell, Evaluation and Research, Job Corps, OEO, Washington, D.C. 20506. We would truely welcome suggestions and comments. The views, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of agencies of the United States Government. PAGENO="0684" PAGENO="0685" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 681 TO ALL OEO STAFF IN JOB CORPS CENTERS, REGIONAL OFFICES AND WASHINGTON: This is the fourth copy of A & R Reports. You may wish additional copies or may have questions concerning the content. Please address any inquiries or requests to: Mrs. Dorothy Wade Plans and Programs Evaluation and Research Branch Job Corps Washington, D. C. 20506 PAGENO="0686" PAGENO="0687" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 683 TABLES OF CONTENTS Contract # 0100 Analysis of Job Corps Enrollee Applicant Health Level 163 1 0100 A Study of Job Corps "No-Shows" 1704 2 0100 Job Corps Enrollee Selection Criteria Evaluation and Analysis 193 3 0100 Job Corps Enrollee Applicant Medical Report Analysis and Screening 465 4 0100 Evaluation of Effectiveness of Job Corps Screening Procedures Used by the Screening Agency in Louisville, Kentucky Non-Con. 5 0200 Study of Job Corps Population 2411 6 0200 Analysis of He~'1th Levels, ~frl63 - See 0100 0200 Comprehensive Study and Report of Vocabulary and Comprehension Skill Among Job Corps Enrollees 191 7 0200 Study of the Relationship Between Language Deviations and Cognitive Processes 1209 8 0200 Study of the Desired and Expected Vocations of Job Corps Enrollees 1291 9 0200 Measurement of Differentials of Inter-Personal Communications Among Sub-Cultural Groups in Job Corps 1393A 10 0200 Development of a Behavior Rating Scale for Job Corpsmen l393B 11 0200& Evaluation and Documentation of a Behavior 0404 Modification System in a-Social Living Situation l393C 12 0200 Differences in Learning BehaviorAmong Regional and Ethnic Groups 1425 13 O200& Social Requirements of Successful Work 1457 14 0400 0200 Vocational Knowledge Among Corpsmen and High 1291 15 School Students 0200& Analysis and Study of Sociological, Educational, 0402 and Vocational Conditions of Job Corpsmen 2306 16 0300 Analysis of Health Levels, 1fr163, see 0100 PAGENO="0688" 684 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 II Code Contract# ~ 0300 & Study of the Feasibility of Integrating Deaf, 0401 Disadvantaged Youths into the Job Corps Training Program 199 17 0300 & Second Chance for Youth Non-cont. 18 0402 0400 Social Requirements of Successful Work, #1457 See 0200 0400 Some Relations Between Corpsman Intake and Dropout Rates: A Social System Analysis Non-cont. 0401 Report on Educational and Rehabilitative Systems for Use in Job Corps Centers 194 20 0401 Investigation of Health Training Needs of Corpsmen in Job Corps Training Centers and Camps 198 21 0401 Feasibility of Integrating Deaf Youths into Job Corps, #199 - See 0300 0401 Job Corps Capital Project 1415 22 0401 A Series of Articles on "Why Work" and Accompanying Field Test Evaluation 721 23 0201-2 Physical Development and Recreation Program 752 24 0401 Program for Teaching Speech 1250 25 0401 Development of Training Manuals and Furnishings of Instruction for TV Repairman Helper Course at Selected Conservation Centers 1277 26 0401 Job Corps Special Project for Women, Chicago, Illinois 1309 27 0401 A New Model Job Corps Training 2396 28 0401 Administration of Mobile Welding Van 1381 29 O4Ola The Adult Basic Learning Examination Non-cont. 30 0401a Utilization of an Automated Instructional System with Job Corpsmen 919 31 O4Ola Job Corps Instructional Materials Screening Project 2469 32 O4Olb An Investigation of the Potential Contribution of Teaching Machines in the Job Corps Math Program 1290 33 PAGENO="0689" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 685 III Code Title Contract # O4Olb Development of Programs for Teaching New Vocational Skills 646 34 O4Olb Develop Vocational Training Course for Business Machine Repairmen and for Reproduction-Offset Printer 1361 35 O4Olb Development of Vocational Courses: Automotive Cluster and Small Engine Repair 1362 36 0401b Development of Vocational Courses: Clerical Cluster 1363 37 0401b Develop Vocational Training: Maintenance Cluster; and Training in Welding and Metal Fabrication; and Air-Conditioning and Heating Repair 1364 38 O4Olb Development of Marine Engine and Small Boat Maintenance Training Program 1365 39 0401b Development of Vocational Training: Construction and Conservation. Clusters 1366 40 0401b Development of Training Materials for Appliance Repairman 1367 41 0401b Special Course in Automotive Training 1398 42 O401b Development of Materials for Teaching Stationary Welding 1473 43 O4Olb Development of Vocation Training: Culinary Cluster Non-con. 44 0402 Physical Development and Recreation Program, #752 - See 0401 0402 Evaluation of Project 44 950 45 0402 Evaluation of Job Corps Math Program 1427 46 0402 Evaluation of New Math Programs 962 47 0402 Evaluation of Kilmer, Custer, and Parks Non-con. 48 Reception Centers 0402 Pilot Project for Development of the Center Assessment Package 2385 49 0402 Second Chance for Youth, Non-con. - See 0300 80-084 0 - 67 - 44 PAGENO="0690" 686 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Iv Code Title Contract # ~ 0403& Work-Study Programs 1402-1407 50 0700 0403 Stanford University Reading Institutes 1453 51 0404 Report on Job Corps Center Counseling Needs 509 52 0404 Corpsman Advisory System 1327 53 0404 Behavior Modification System, #1393C - See 0200 0501 Survey of Job Corps Graduates 938 54 0501 Follow-up Survey of Job Corps Greduates 1302 55 0501 Revision of Job Corps Form. 75 and Application Manual 2329 56 0501 Follow-up Survey of All Corpsmen Who Terminated From Job Corps in August 1966 2375 57 0502 Follow-up Survey of All Corpsmen who resigned or were Discharged from Inception through November 15, 1966 2375-1 58 0503 Study of the Adjustment Problems Faced by Job Corps Graduates in Urban and Industrial Settings 1331 59 0503 A Comparative Analysis of Halfway House Programs 2416 60 0600 Development of the 3R System 2408 61 0600 Study, Development and Testing of Job Corps Medical System 965 62 0602 Stanford Achievement Test Scoring Service 2369 63 0700 Expose Public School, Teachers to Job Corps Conservation Centers' Education Program 1305 64 0700 Work-Study Programs, #1402-1407 - See 0403 Job Corps Study 288 65 PAGENO="0691" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 687 CLASSIFICATION CODE FOR JOB CORPS PROJECTS 0100 Pre-Job Corps 0200 Corpsman Population 0300 Other Poverty Populations: Comparative Studies 0400 Center Operations 0401 Program Development 0401a Educational Techniques and Methods O4Olb Content of Training Programs 0402 Program Evaluation 0403 Staff 0404 Counseling 0405 Center Physical Facilities 0406 Community Relations 0500 Post-Job Corp~ 0501 Graduates 0502 Non-graduates Terminations 0503 Impact of Job Corps Training on Community Adjustment 0600 Administration and Information Retrival 0601 Computer 0602 Testing 0603 Financial 0700 Effect of Job Corps Experiences on Other Institutions PAGENO="0692" PAGENO="0693" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 689 I O.E.O. CONTRACT # 163 CODE # 0100,0200,0300 TITLE: Analysis of Job Corps Enrollee Applicant Health Level GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Blo Dynamics, Inc., 207 Bent Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts TIME SPAN: March 1, 1965 - May 31, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To assess the collective state of health of Job Corps enrollees by determining: -the ways in which Job Corpsmen differ medically from the general population of same age -medical standards by which a Job Corps applicant should be rejected -medical support, short and long term, which should be provided by the Centers -changes needed in medical selection criteria -medical tests needed to measure pre-Job Corps entrance medical conditions -medical characteristics relevant to requirements of a Job Corpsman Method : The contractor obtained the above information by: -analyzing medical forms (#88) of 500 Job Corps applicants -analyzing medical deficiencies found in: - - applicants accepted for Job Corps --applicants rejected by Job Corps for medical reasons --applicants rejected by Job Corps for non-medical reasons -identifying health studies relevant to the Job Corps study -analyzing medical records (forms 88 & 89) of 1,000 Job Corps applicants (above and beyond original 500) -establishing correlations among health condition data items and personal description -recommending an appropriating continuing health monitoring effort -reviewing and making recommendations on Job Corps health forms # 505, 506, 507, and 508 -studying Job Corps dental programs and reporting recommendations Form of Report: Written report, and recommendations for revisions in medical Forms # 505, 506, 507, and 508. Further Information: Job Corps Health Branch PAGENO="0694" 690 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 0.E.0. CONTRACT # 1704 CODE # 0100 TITLE: A Study of Job Corps "No-Shows' Accepted Applicants Who Did Not Go To A Training Center GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Louis Harris & Associates TIME SPAN: December, 1966 - February, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To determine why these individuals, after initial screening and acceptance did not join the Job Corps. Method : Contractor: 1) Compared their pre-screening status (i.e. working, in school, unemployed) with their current status 2) Compared the no-shows with the dropouts and the graduates in order to clarify the differences between these three groups Procedure involved sample locations where 3100 contacts were made and 517 full interviews completed Form of Report: Written Report Submitted Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0695" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 691 3 O.E.O. CONTRACT Ift 193 CODE ~fr 0100 TITLE: Job Corps Enrollee Selection Criteria Evaluation and Analysis GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Dunnette, Kirchner and Associates, 209 S. E. Bedford Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota TIME SPAN: April 15, 1965 - April 30, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: - Completed Purpose: To examine test results of Job Corps enrollees in order to develop a satisfactory selection strategy for OEO Method : Contractor has: -- selected a sample of Job Corps Conservation Center's --trained the staff at these centers to administer and interpret the Reading and Mathematics periodic achievement tests, the Ammons Quick Test, and other special diagnostic tests --analyzed correlations among the tests in order to develop a reliable measure for Corpsmen --analyzed data from original screening of Job Corps applicants and personal history information to find: -the best questions to include in the screening test -appropriate procedures for scoring screening tests -weighting to be used for combining test scores and predictive personal background information to get a satisfactory selection standard --trained staff at Job Corps Conservation Center's in use and interpretation of screening tests and personal history information --evaluated the improvement in training which results from using improved selection procedures, by selecting two groups of Job Corps trainees and examining the Job Corps Data Bank information on their progress Form of Report: Tables of the data gathered. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0696" 692 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 4 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 465 CODE # 0100 TITLE: Job Corps Enrollee Applicant Medical Report Analysis and Screening~ GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Bio-Dynamics, Inc., 207 Bent St., Cambridge, Mass. TIME SPAN: June 1, 1965 - November 30, 1965 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To determine which Job Corps applicants will benefit from Job Corps program without undue risk to their own health or health of other Corpsmen, to avoid: --Rejection of medically fit applicants --Acceptance of medically unfit applicants --Misassignment of Corpsmen to centers where they would be a danger to themselves or others Method : Contractor obtained pertinent information by: --Reviewing medical examination data (Forms 88 and 89) of about 55,000 applicants, coding data, and preparing it for entry to the Job Corps data bank --Preparing computer programs based on current medical selection criteria --Processing all applicants medical data by these programs, and sorting applicants into "medically qualified" and "medically questionable" groupings --Having physicians review Form 88 and 89 of "medically questionable" applicants, to decide severity of medical condition --Making one of the following recommendations for each applicant: -Acceptance: medically eligible -Acceptance and Give Medical Treatment: stating conditions requiring treatment, nature of treatment -Acceptance and Special Assignment: stating condition, assignment, limits on activities -Non-Acceptance Form of Report: Final written report Further Information: Health Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0697" ECONOMIC OPPORTIJ~ITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 693 5 O.E.O. CONTRACT # non-contracted CODE # 0100 TITLE: Evaluation of effectiveness of Job Corps screening procedures used by the screening agency in Louisville, Kentucky (the Kentucky State Employment Service) GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Robert Higgins, Jr., Counselor (as an M. A. thesis, University of Louisville) TINE SPAN: CURRENT STATUS: _In process Purpose: To determine~whether information obtained at time of screening (the Job Corps data sheet, Form OEO-l6) relates to success in Job Corps centers. Method : --Questionnaires have been mailed to the Guidance counselors at all centers to which men screened by the Louisville agency were sent between January 1 and November 30, 1965 (a total of 156 men) --Counselors have been asked to answer various questions about a Job Corpsman's progress in the center, personal characteristics, changes in behavior, etc. --This information will be related to screening information (OEO-16) on each Job Corpsman Form of Report: Brief summary of the project will be sent to each participating'center, and a copy of the completed thesis will be sent to the Evaluation & Research Branch Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0698" 694 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 6 O.E.O. CONTRACT ~fr 2411 CODE # 0200 TITLE: Study of Job Corps Population GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Performance Research, Inc. 1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. TIME SPAN: January, 1967 to April, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To determine the characteristics of the Job Corps population at different time periods and to relate those characteristics to Census data and to selective service data. Method : The contractor classified the data from the OEO Form 16 tape into four groups: enrollees, rejectees, no shows, and disciplinary discharges. For each classification, the contractor tabulated by sex, program and time period a given number of study variables. With the above information, the contractor prepared six reports on the following topics: a) Changes in Job Corps population with time. b) Comparison of Job Corps population with Census data and with draftee and draft rejectee populations. c) Changes in Job Corps rejectees with time. d) Comparisons of Job Corps rejectee population with Census and with draftee and draft rejectee populations. e) Comparisons of Job Corps characteristics of Disciplinary Dismissals with the Job Corps Enrollee and Rejectee populations. f) Changes in Job Corps no-show population over time. Form of Report: The contractor submitted the six (6) reports in draft form, before February 24, 1967, to Project Manager for approval. After approval, six (6) final reports, ten (10) copies each, were delivered. Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0699" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 695 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 191 CODE # 0200 TITLE: Comprehensive Study and Report of Vocabulary and Comprehension Skill among Job Corps Enrollees GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: American Institute for Research - 410 Amerson Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232 TINE SPAN: May 1, 1965 - November 15, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: To determine level of vocabulary knowledge of Job Corpsmen, and to make recommendations for remedial projects for vocabulary building. Method : Contractor will: --Prepare vocabulary knowledge and oral and written comprehension skills tests at three levels: -90% of vocabulary needed to understand military technical instruction -70% of military technical instruction level -50% of military technical level --Provide written sampling test forms for 1500 enrollees. All oral material will be taped --Administer at eight Job Corps Centers the test provided (a minimum of 1,200 enrollees). --Score and analyze completed tests for vocabulary level and comprehension skill to establish percentiles --Prepare report describing project results and recommendations for remedial projects. Form of Report: Tests, and written report with recommendations for instruction to improve the vocabulary and comprehension skills of Corpsmen. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0700" 696 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 8 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 1209 CODE q~ 0200 TIThE: Study of the Relationship Between Language Deviations and Cognitive Processes GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan TIME SPAN: March 16, 1966 to April 15, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Process-Contract extended to July 15th; three progress reports completed, final report due July 15, 1967 Purpose: To conduct a study of the relationship between language and learning processes in Job Corpsmen and a control group of lower-class workers by: --Determining structure of language that subjects employ --Determining way in which different subjects use conceptual categories implicit in Standard White English - e.g. time, space - -Finding whether employment record or race has a greater effect on language differences - -Finding a new technique for teaching Standard White English as a "foreign language" to non-verbal youths Method : Contractor will study the above by: --Examining four groups of 10-20 subjects: -Negro and White Job Corps Enrollees -Negro and White workers, unskilled and semi-skilled, in Detroit area -Conducting with each subject free conversation, conversation about concrete objects, conversation about an experience shared by the subject and inter- viewer, communication of instructions, and telephone conversation (to eliminate communication by gesture, facial expression, etc.) to determine subject's use of words about time, quantity, cause and activity. -Developing a technique for teaching standard English to a subgroup by emphasizing the practical need for learning standard English, without degrading the form of English used by the sub-group. Particular emphasis on teaching by concrete objects and situations -Testing these teaching methods on groups of Job Corps youth Form of Report: Four progress reports, including tables of raw data, and a final written report, including a program for teaching Standard English to non-verbal groups. Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0701" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 697 9 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 1291 CODE # 0200 TITLE: Study of the Desired and Expected Vocations of Job Corps Enrollees GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Louis R. Decker Associates, Suite 702, World Building, 8121 Georgia Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 TIME SPAN: May 23, 1966 to April 1, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To analyze responses of 3000 or more Corpsmen to Job Corps Test A, Part 3 (If everything were to go according to your hopes, dreams, etc., what would you like to be doing 10 years from now, and why? What do you think you will really be doing 10 years from now, and why?) These desired and expected vocational plans were related to various background characteristics of the Corpsmen. The study includes the following components: --Comparison of the Job Corpsmen in this study to the total population of Job Corpsmen to date --Consideration of whether their desired and expected jobs are `realistic" in terms of both the required skills and training of the occupations and the background characteristics of individual Job Corpsmen - -Relationship of the findings to the literature on vocational guidance programs Method : Contractor has: --Coded responses of 3000 or more Job Corpsmen to Job Corps Test A, Form AM, Part 3 --Compared these responses to background characteristics of Job Corpsmen, from Form OEO-l6 (the Job Corps Data Sheet, obtained at time of screening) --Presented tables of cross-tabulations, computions, etc. Form of Report: Montly Interim reports were supplied, along with a computer tape, incorporating all OEO-l6 and Test A, Part 3 data. Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0702" 698 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 10 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1393A CODE # 0200 - TITLE: Measurement of Differentials of Inter-Personal Communications Among Sub-Cultural Groups in Job Corps GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY:Litton Industries, Educational Systems Divisons, 4910 Calvert Road, College Park, Maryland TIME SPAN: - June 15, 1966 - September 15, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: To see whether or not some of the teaching problems in Job Corps are due to subgroup (ethnic and social group) differences in inter-personal communication styles (such as between lower-class whites and middle-class teachers) and whether or not jobs for which Corpsmen are being trained require different styles of interpersonal communication than various subgroups of Corpsmen currently display: - the contractor has developed a system for categorizing inter- personal behavior into four levels; effective (facial expres- sions, etc.); gestural; verbal and vocal; and "technological" (drawing, writing, using the phone, etc.) - this technique will be used to categorize the interpersonal behavior of: - Corpsmen from different ethnic and social subgroups, including Corpsmen of both sexes, various ages, and differing levels of academic achievement - educational staff in Job Corps Centers - workers in 9 occupational areas for which Corpsmen are being trained - the end product should have implication for changes in Job Corps teaching methods and staff training programs Method: Contract will: - select 15 Corpsmen (and Corpswomen) in both urban and rural centers, from 10 different ethnic and social groups - observe each of the Corpsmen for two 15-minute periods, one during a class session, and the other during a dorm group meet- ing, using this technique to classify all interpersonal behaviors. - observe work situations in each of 9 occupations for a minimum of four hours each, and similarly classify all interpersonal behaviors PAGENO="0703" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 699 -2- - observe (and record on video tape) Corpsmen-educational staff interactions (at Parks Job Corps Center), and simil- arly classify interpersonal behaviors - determine differences in nature of interpersonal interactions among Corpsmen, Job Corps staff members, and workers on various jobs Form of Report: Summary of project, with emphasis on ways in which the the findings can be incorporated in the Job Corps curriculum, Job Corps training program, and Job Corps behavior control procedures. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0704" 700 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 11 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # - 1393B CODE # 0200 TITLE: Development of a Behavior Rating Scale for Job Corpsmen GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Litton Industries, Educational Systems Division, 4910 Calvert Road, College Park, Maryland TINE SPAN: June 15, 1966 - September 15, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To develop a set of simple procedures to measure the progress of Corpsmen in attaining those social skills which are needed to get and keep a job. Method: Contractor will: - interview workers involved with 9 occupational areas for which Corpsmen are being trained to determine: - the behaviors needed to get and keep these jobs - the behaviors that will result in loss of these jobs - develop a tentative rating scale, based on these interviews which will be used by Job Corps staff to rate a sample of Corpsmen - after further refinement of the scale, rate a group of in- center and graduated Corpsmen - evaluate these results to see if the scale differentiates among entering and terminating Corpsmen; Corpsmen who graduate, dropout or are discharged; and among occupationally successful and unsuccessful graduates - prepare a final, cross-tabulated form of the scale, for use by Job Corps Centers Form of Report: A scale, with scoring forms, and a rater's manual (to be used by staff in the Job Corps Center to rate Corpsmen progress. It seems likely that the final form of this scale will be integrated with the Corpsman Advisory System) Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0705" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 701 12 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1393C CODE # 0200, 0404 TITLE: Evaluation and Documentation of a Behavior Modification System ma Social Living Situation GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Litton Industries, Educational Systems Division, 4910 Calvert Road, College Park, Maryland TINE SPAN: June 15, 1966 - September 15, 1967 - CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: 1) To demonstrate and test an integrated social reinforcement (SR) and guided group interaction (GGI) approach t& behavior control and behavior change in a dorm living situation. Subjects will be Corpsmen enrollees living in one resident hall in Parks Job Corps Center. Control will be a matched sample living in non-experimental resident halls throughout the center. 2) To produce several films which will be useful in: - demonstrating the use of GGI and SR techniques in changing Job Corpsmen's behavior - demonstrating how peer group techniques can be made a part of the Job Corps Counseling program, and can be used as a primary agent of behavioral change Method: Contractor will: Set up daily dorm meetings in the experimental resident hail to see whether peer group members can maintain social behavior controls that are accepted by members of the group, and whether the social reinforcements within the peer group will produce significant changes in subjects' attitudes and behavior with respect to behavior required to get and keep a job. Contractor will observe interpersonal behavior each week and code it in terms of communication and social reinforcement being accomplished. Form of Report: Written report, and three video tapes of the GGI and SR procedures in one of the dorms: the films will be (a) for the general public; (b) for indoctrinating staff members about GGI and SR; and (c) for scientific uses, emphasizing methodology and theory. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps 80-084 0 - 67 - 45 PAGENO="0706" 702 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 13 0. E. 0. CONTRACT f 1425 CODE # 0200 TITLE: Differences in Learning Behavior Among Regional and Ethnic Groups - GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Educational Design, Inc., 29 East 10th Street, New York, New York TIME SPAN: July 13, 1966 - March 1, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: ~ULIU~IeLeU Purpose: To investigate different techniques of learning in youths from different ethnic, regional, and social class backgrounds. The theoretical treatment of levels of learning (formal, informal, and technical) proposed by E. T. Hall in The Silent Languggg, will provide the framework for approaching this problem. The aim of the study was to suggest possible ways to overcome problems arising from teaching youths who learn most efficiently in different manners. Method: The contractor - interviewed Puerto Ricans, Negroes from North and South, and Appalachian whites at four Job Corps Centers: 2 Conservation Centers and 2 Urban Centers - interviewed urban and suburban white middle-class males of the same ages as Corpsmen - interviewed personnel at Job Corps Centers - interviewed parents and teachers of the white middle-class group - observed at Job Corps Centers: - Corpsmen confronting crisis situations, such as induction into the center, or problems faced when leaving the center - work projects and vocational instruction - types of learning exhibited during orientation period in center Form of Report: Written report, with suggestions for approaches to teaching aimed at specific subgroups of Corpsmen Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0707" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 703 14 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1457 CODE # 0200, 0400 - TITLE: Social Requirements of Successful Work GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Aynerican Institutes for Research, 8555 16th Street, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 TIME SPAN:~ June 28, 1966 - July 27, 1967 - CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To evaluate the social skills needed on a sample of jobs for which Job Corpsmen are being trained by determining: - social skills typically required on various jobs - whether the social skills of Job Corps trainees differ from those expected and valued on such jobs - what training could be developed so trainees could attain the required skills Method: The Contractor will obtain the above information by: - conducting interviews with and making observation of personnel working in 5 vocational areas for which Corpsmen are being trained - analyzing results of interviews, and producing a set of typical situations and problems on these jobs for a questionnaire - testing a sample of workers on these jobs with the questionnaire to find out what they consider the most appropriate and least appropriate behavior in each setting - testing 200 Job Corps trainees, with various backgrounds, and from 5 camps, with the same questionnaire - testing of 40 trainees at each center: - 20 by written questionnaire - 10 by oral questionnaire - 10 in role-playing situations - comparing behavioral requirements as seen by Job Corps trainees and by workers - recommending Job Corps training Form of Report: Final written report, with suggestions for the "World of Work" program Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0708" 704 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 15 0. E. 0. CONTRACT ~fr 1291 CODE # 0200 TITLE: Vocational Knowledge Among Corpsmen and High School Students GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Louis Decker, Assoc., Silver Spring, Maryland TIME SPAN: May 1, 1966 - April 1, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: - Completed Purpose: To determine whether these two groups of subjects differ in the number of jobs they know and the extent of their knowledge about these jobs by: - comparing ideas of the two groups about "best jobs" - comparing information given concerning the "job they know best" - relating above information to background of subjects - making suggestions for Job Corps vocational guidance programs Method: Evaluation and Research Branch has given two forms of vocational knowledge questionnaire to a group of Corpsmen in Conservation, Men's and Women's Centers, and to high school and vocational school students in the Washington, D.C. area. Analysis and write up of data was performed by contractor. - all subjects told which jobs they thought were best and why: and answered detailed questions about the one job they felt they knew the most about - Form A requested subjects to write down all the job titles they could think of, and then to indicate how much they felt they knew about each job - Form B requested subjects to indicate how much they felt they knew about 100 jobs (which included most of those for which Job Corpsmen are being trained) - all subjects completed a background questionnaire Form of Report: Written reports and statistical tables Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0709" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 705 16 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 2306 - CODE # 0200, 0402 - TITLE: Ana~ysis and Study of Sociological, Educational, and Vocational Conditions of Job Corpsmen. (Corpsman Gains Study) GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Software Systems, Inc., Washington, D.C. TINE SPAN: September, 1966 to April, 1967 (Contract extended) CURRENT STATUS: In progress, Three progress reports have been completed Purpose: To provide computer and analytic services for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of Corpsman social, vocational and educational progress. To make recommendations for more wide spread use of assessment instruments. Method: Contractor has: 1. Designed coding forms, using data provided by Evaluation and Research Branch, and printed 30,000 copies of forms to be used in data collection 2. Designed computer programs to access Corpsman educational achievement and social skills 3. Delivered statistical summaries of data from field collections 4. Designed computer programs and delivered analytical reports showing longitudinal gains 5. Delivered report discussing technical characteristics 6. Delivered: a. file specification (format); e.g., content and location of data b. a set of specs on file for us; e.g., loading programs clean-up program, merging program and output program c. set of user's documents which explains all the idiosyncracies of specs provided in a. and b. Form of Report: Progress reports are delivered after each data field collection Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0710" 706 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967. 1.7 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 199 CODE # 0300, 0401 TITLE: Study of the Feasibility of Integrating Deaf, Disadvantaged Youths Into the Job Corps Training Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: National Association of the Deaf, 2025 Eye, St., N.W. Washington, D.C. TIME SPAN: April 9, 1965 - October 30, 1965 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To consider the feasibility of including deaf, disadvantaged youths in Job Corps training programs, by finding: - the sources of aid available to deaf youth (other than Job Corps) - advantages and disadvantages of the opportunities offered by these sources as compared to Job Corps - Sociological feasibility of integrating deaf youth into Job Corps programs - distribution of deaf youth by geographical area - number of deaf youth expected to use Job Corps opportunities if they are offered - center sites most likely to serve economically the largest number of deaf youth - possible guidelines for implementation of a pilot project to test the recommendations of the study, provided a training program is found feasible. Form of Report: Written report Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0711" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 707 18 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # non-contracted CODE # - 0300, 0402 - TITLE: Second Chance for Youth GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Karen J. Rosenbaum, Educational Research Associates~~Q4 Seventh Street, S. E., Washington, D.C. 20003 TIME SPAN: April - May 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Co~pleted Purpose: To compare the education programs of Federally sponsored programs for youth (16-21) carried out under the New Deal and the present Great Society programs to show: - that the programs of the two eras are comparable (the CCC and NYA as compared to Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Work-Study and Upward Bound) - that there is an historical relation between New Deal and Great Society programs - that current efforts can benefit from what was learned during Depression era efforts - that programs in both periods demonstrated an implicit criticism of the schools: - by dramatizing the needs of those youths for whom tradi- tional schooling is least suitable - by employing educational innovation and experimentation - by using tenets of "progressive education" more faith- fully than they were ever employed in the schools - that differences between New Deal and Great Society programs depend on: - differences in the initial objectives of the programs (education was not authorized in CCC) - differences in state of educational research in the two areas - a detailed outline of each of the six programs under discussion - a comparison of five equivalent programs in each era according to the ends they served - a cost comparison of the equivalent New Deal and Great Society youth programs in terms of respective GNP's Form of Report: Written term paper Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0712" 708 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 19 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # non-contracted CODE # 0400 TITLE: Some Relations Between Corpsmen Intake and Dropout Rates: A Social System Analysis GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Roy E. Buehler, Ph.D TIME SPAN: CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To determine whether peer group attitudes in dormitory life influence Corpsmen adjustment to Job Corps Centers, as measured by the dropout rate of the center . . . An "ideal" living arrangement is one in which: 1. peer group would have important role in influencing Corpsmen behavior 2. counseling would use group processes as much as possible in managing dorm life and maintaining Corpsmen discipline 3. dormitory social system would be developed by adding 6 or 8 new Corpsmen a week to a dorm, until 26 Corpsmen were in each dorm. For this study, a low dropout rate is considered an indication of effectiveness of the program. Method: Because of a large influx of enrollees at Parks Job Corps Center in late June, the study was broken into three parts: I. the first 8 dormitories were filled slowly, according to "ideal" conditions. 2. a second 8 dorms were filled in a period ranging from 48 hours to one week 3. a third group (June 28 - June 30) was filled in 48 hours or less Several other factors affected the outcome of the study: 1. Corpsmen were not assigned at random throughout the project; rather, judgments of counselors began to enter as assignment criteria 2. short notice of the large influx in late June (camp enrollment went from 600 to 1200 Corpsmen) meant that all plans for adding Corpsmen in small increments had to be dropped 3. changes in staff and staff training procedures in late June, 1965 caused a lessening of emphasis on peer group enforcement practioes PAGENO="0713" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 709 19-a Results: 1. For the first nine weeks of each group, dropout rates were: --Group 1: Less than 5% --Group 2: 16% --Group 3: 19% 2. A sharp rise in the dropout rate (to over 20%) in the second 9 weeks for the First group, making it equal to the other 2 groups, occured; this change was concomitant with the rapid increase in enrollment of the total center 3. The eight dorms in Groups 1 had a high retention rate for the first 9 weeks; furthermore, the dorms in Group 2 had a low dropout rate for the first 5 weeks, although they were filled more quickly. After June 30 the entire sample had a much higher dropout rate. 4. Therefore, the sudden increase in size of the whole camp, and the lessened emphasis on peer group enforcement programs, caused an increase in dropout rate in all 3 groups. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0714" 710 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 20 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 194 CODE # L_ TITLE: ~29rt on Educational and Rehabilitative Systems for use in Job Centers GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Research - Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania TIME SPAN: April 21, 1965 - July 30, 1965 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To report on educational and rehabilitative system for use within Job Corps Centers (Conservation centers, and to lesser extent urban centers). Method: Contractor has considered: - morale of staff and enrollees - attitudes toward work - adjustment to center life - removal of unwanted behaviors - disciplinary problems - training in the worker role - how to get the job you want - how to keep the job you like - proper use of self-instructional materials in training for literacy, arithmetic, fundamentals of accounting, etc. - development of self-control - bridging the gap between "street" and "higher class" world - bridging gap between hills and suburban way of life Form of Report: Written report, about 85 pages long, on file in the Evaluation and Research Branch Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0715" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 711 21 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 198 CODE # 0401 TITLE: Investigation of Health Training Needs of Corpsmen in Job Corps Training Centers and Camps GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Oregon State System of Higher Education, Teaching Research Division, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 TINE SPAN: April 30, 1965 - January, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Cop~p~eted Purpose: To investigate the health training needs of Job Corpsmen Method: Contract has: -investigated the health training needs of Corpsmen in selected Men' s and Women's Job Corps Centers through interviews, analysis of health records, and medical screening forms -prepared and delivered a report containing detailed behavioral training objectives and detailed recommendations for training administration, training methods, and training media to accomp- li~h these objectives -developed separate versions for men and women of a test for determining health training needs of a Corpsman -developed separate versions of this test for illiterate men and women Form of Report: Written final report with several interim reports in Curriculum Branch Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0716" 712 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 22 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1415 CODE # 0401 TITLE: Job Corps Capital Project GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Westinghouse Electric Corporation TIME SPAN: August 31, 1966 - June 30, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To establish and operate a comprehensive residential program to prepare enrollees for useful employment and responsibilities of citizenship. There will be 50 male and 50 female enrollees. Method: Contractor will: -Assume operation of Job Corps Capital Project (formerly called Project 44) -Standardize and implement selection procedures for entering Corpsmen and Corpswomen -Develop and test effective and efficient systems of education and administration (academic education, vocational education, and work experiences) -Develop and test special techniques and materials in worker- role characteristics -Develop and test special techniques in social preparation, life adjustment, and productive use of community resources -Develop, test and evaluate on-the-job training procedures -Standardize graduation and placement procedures for Corpsmen and Corpswomen Form of Report: - -Monthly report on progress, results, and reconsnendations for use of developed techniques and materials -Quarterly reports on the feasibility of Job Corps-wide implementation of developed systems -All newly developed instructional materials and systems which have been validated in Capital Project for use in all Centers Further Information: Special Projects Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0717" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 713 23 OEO CONTRACT# 721 CODE# 0401 TITLE: A Series of Articles on "Why Work" and Accompanying Field Test Evaluation GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Behavioral Research Laboratories, Box 577, Palo Alto, California TIME SPAN: November 1, 1965 - April 30, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: This contract provided for preparation of 20 manuscripts written by appropriate authors on the subject "Why Work". Each manuscript is between 750 and 1000 words in length, some fictional and some non-fictional; with accompanying discussion guides and coordinated 5 minute tape recordings. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0718" 714 ECONOMiC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 24 OEO CONTRACT lfr 752 CODE # 0401-2 TITLE: ~ysica1 Development and Recreation Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Brunswick Corporation, Conanunity Resources Division, 69 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois TINE SPAN: December 15, 1965 - April 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: This contract provided for review of the present Job Corps Conservation Center recreation program; revised those areas requiring modification; supplemented those aspects in need of additions; integrated recreation activities with other program components, field tested and completed program at two selected Conservation Centers; and prepared and delivered camera ready copy of Job Corps Administration Manual and a series of activities resource manuals representing a total comprehensive recreation program. * Further Information: Counseling and Residential Living Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0719" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY. ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 715 25 OEO CONTRACT# 1250 CODEIft 0401 TITLE: Program for Teaching Speech GR(XJP CONDUCTING STUDY: Motivated Communication, Inc., 122 East 42nd Street, New York, New York T]14E SPAN: April 23, 1966 - September 1, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Purpose: This contract provided for developing an audio-prograuuned course which will bring forth better speech patterns in Corpsmen. The program was designed in a context which will generate needed skills for the techniques utilized during job interviews. Form of Report: 1. Ten Speechmaster machines, including 20 custom- produced paper rolls and 10 custom produced tapes or recordings. 2. 10 custom produced copies of tech guide materials in loose leaf binders. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0720" 716 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 26 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1277 CODE # 0401 TITLE: Development of Training Manuals and Furnishing of Instruction TV Repairman Helper Course at Selected Conservation Centers GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Philco Corporation, Techrep Division 515 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania TIME SPAN: May 12, 1966 - September 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Contractor has: - 1. Developed and provided a training manual for a 160 hour TV Repairman Helper Training Course. The course material was geared to the Job Corps population comprehension and reading level (June 30, 1966) 2. Developed and provided an instructor's manual for course, including a statement of course objectives and appropriate post-tests (June 30, 1966) 3. Trained two Job Corpsmen as assistant instructors (July 15, 1966) 4. Trained one Conservation Center staff member and provided instruction and the necessary instructional materials to train approximately 15 Corpsmen at each of 10 selected centers. (August 4, 1966) 5. Submitted a final report including post-tests, and evalu- ation of the program and recommendations for course revisions. (September 15, 1966) Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0721" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 717 27 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1309 CODE # 0401 TITLE: Job Corps Special Project for Women, Chicago, Illinois GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Community Resources Division, Brunswick Corporation TIME SPAN: June 15, 1966 - June 1967 - CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: To establish an experimental Job Corps Center which will: -focus all the efforts of enrollees and staff on one area of training: the Health services -train women for urban living and for conditions they will meet in a health service career by on-the-job training in Chicago -operate for 50 girls in quarterly training sessions (turnover of 200 girls a year) -include job placement services Further Information: Special Projects Branch, Job Corps 80-084 0 - 67 - 46 PAGENO="0722" 718 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 28 0. B. 0. CONTRACT # 2396 CODE # 0401 TITLE: A New Model for Job Corps Training GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Leo Kramer, Inc., 1250 Conr~cticut Avenue~ Washington, D.C. TINE SPAN: January 6, 1967 - April 10, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: - Completed Purpose: To develop a priority system for identifying potential jobs for Job Corps enrollees in advance of their training. The system included the following: a. Economic indicators to guide job development efforts toward those industries having growth potential within the geographic and occupational area under consideration. b. Human resources indicators to guide job develop- ment efforts to those organizations within the industry which are compatible to the entry level needs of Corpsmember graduates. Further Information: Special Projects Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0723" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 719 29 0. E. 0 CONTRACT # 1381 CODE # 0401 - TITLE: Administration of Mobile Welding Van GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: American Institute of Engineering and Technology TIME SPAN: Beginning July 11, 1966, approximately 3 months at each center, completed by September, 1967. CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To instruct Corpsmen in welding Method: Contractor will furnish teaching aides, text materials, welding instructors, and equipment to the following centers: AREA. "A." AREA. "B" AREA. "C" 1. Lydick Lake 1. Cass 1. Tillamook 2. Ojibway 2. McCook 2. Cispus 3. Clam Lake 3. Mountain Home 3. Neah Bay 4. Blackwell 4. Cedar Flats -4. Timber Lake Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0724" 720 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 30 OEO CONTRACT# Non-funded CODE# 0401a - TITLE: The Adult Basic Learning Examination (ABLE) GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 757. Third Avenue New York, New York TIME SPAN: December 1966 to September 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progress - testing completed; raw scores and sub-test correlations available Purpose: Harcourt, Brace and World has developed a new achievement test - The Adult Basic Learning Examination (ABLE). Job Corps was approached concerning the use of Job Corpsmembers as a norming population. This represented an opportunity to have a test standardized on our population at no cost to us. Also there is opportunity to investigate the possibility of using an adult oriented achievement test for the Job Corps population. Test ABLE was designed to provide measures of achievement in the following basic skills: Oral Vocabulary, Word Attack Skills, Paragraph Reading, Spelling, Number Computation, and Mathematics Problem Solving. ABLE is a group test organized at two levels: Level I (Grades 2 ~4), and Level II (Grades 5 - 8). Group testing requires about 4 hours (150 minutes of actual test time). Method: Job Corps arranged for testing approximately 1,000 Job Corpsmembers with test ABLE during the week of December 5th - 16th. Form of Report: Harcourt, Brace and World will supply Job Corps with raw scores, item responses, grade equivalents and grade norms. In addition they will give Job Corps sub-test correlations between ABLE and SAT -- Again at no cost to Job Corps. Further- more, they will cross-tabulate any of the above information with selected Corpsmen background characteristics such as age, race and sex at Job Corps request. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0725" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 721 31 OEO CONTRACT# 919 CODE# O4Ola TITLE: Utilization of an Automated Instuctional System with Job Corpsmen at Custer GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: U. S. Industries, Inc., Educational Science Division, 12345 New Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 TIME SPAN: January 5, 1966 - May 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To experiment with an automated instructional system with Job Corpsmen at Custer Men's Urban Center in order to determine: --Whether Corpsmen learn faster by live instruction, automated instruction, or a combination of these types of instruction --Whether greater flexibility in scheduling of teaching for each individual is achieved by using automated teaching. Method: Contractor: --Divided 160 Corpsmen into four equal groups: -Teacher only~ a regular staff member teaching a unit of math and a unit of language -Automated instruction only with a "group life foreman" acting as a monitor, rather than as an instructor -Automated instruction only with a Corpsman acting as a monitor. Job Corps enrollee will perform supervisory functions (attendance, etc.) -Teacher with automated instruction. Teachers introducing explaining subject-matter, and giving any necessary individual instruction -Administered California Achievement Tests before and after the course, and compar~1 relative degree of improvement under the various conditions -Considered the amount of time students spent covering the material, and amount of time they voluntarily spend on teaching machines in the library -Administered questionnaire to Corpsmen to evaluate their experiences with various teaching techniques Form of Report: Written report. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0726" 722 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 32 OEO CONTRACT# 2469 CODE# O4Ola TITLE: Job Corps Instructional Materials Screening Project GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Training Corporation of America, Subsidiary of Mel-Par Corporation, 6521 Arlington Boulevard, Falls Church, Virginia 22046 TIME SPAN: April 1967 - March 1968 CURRENT STATUS In progress Purpose: To develop a categorization, cataloging and informational retrieval system of all instructional materials appropriate to the Job Corps population. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0727" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 723 33 OEO CONTRACT# 1209 CODE# 0401b TITLE: An Investigation of the Potential Contribution of Teaching Machines in the Job Corps Math Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: EVCO, 225 San Pedro N. E., Albuquerque, New Mexico TIME SPAN: May 26~ 1966 - November 10, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Comple t~1 Purpose: Contractor investigated the potential contribution of teaching machines in the Job Corps mathematics program. Method: The work was performed in the following phases: 1. Purchased 12 MAST and 12 DuKANE Teaching Machines and prepared reproducible copy of Word Problem Skills Program for use in these machines 2. Field tested materials 3. Prepared rough draft of the Administration Manual 4. Validated the Administration Manual 5. Prepared a final report Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0728" 724 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 34. 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 646 CODE # O4O1b - TITLE: Development of Programs for Teaching New Vocational Skills GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: General Programmed Teaching Corporation, Post Office Box 11231, Pala Alto, California TINE SPAN: October~ 5, 1965 - July 1, 1966 - CURRENT STATUS: -~-~- Purpose: This contract provided for research in four skill areas: Electricians Helper, Landscape Aide, Mechanical Drafting, and Surveyor, the purpose of which was to find specific occupational skills which can be appropriately programmed into self-instructional packages for use in vocational training in Job Corps Conservation Centers. Based on the above research, contractor designed, developed, validated and delivered appropriate self-instructional prototype pack- ages, including recommendations for their use and implementation to the centers listed below. Method: Six self-instructional kits in landscaping were sent to the following centers - Fort Vannoy - Mountain Home - Tillamook - Harpers Ferry - Tremont - Catoctin Six soldering kits were sent to OEO Headquarters and the following centers: - Grants - Lydick Lake - Cispus - Mountainair - Schenck The kits were evaluated to determine their further. use. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0729" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 725 35 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1361 CODE # O4Olb TITLE: Develop Vocational Training course for Business Machine Repairmen and for Re~production - Offset Printer GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Litton Industries TIME SPAN: Tobe completed by September 30, 1966 and introduced to centers by December 1, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: In progress, contract extended Purpose: To develop occupational training for business machine repair and entry level training in production offset printing. Method: Contractor will provide: A Teacher's Guide including: -lesson plans -charts -reading materials -list of equipment needed Form of Report: Photo ready copy of materials will be delivered to Job Corps Headquarters, then printed and sent to centers. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0730" 726 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 36 OEO ~JONTRACT# 1362 CODE O4Olb TITLE: Development of Vocational Courses: Automotive Cluster and and Small Engine Repair GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Philco Corporation TIME SPAN: Contract `completed by September 30, 1966 - Material to Center by December 20, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: In progress; contract e~Leu~ieu, Purpose: To develop occupational training courses and materials for entry level training in: 1. Automotive cluster -Service station attendant/mechanic -Auto body repairman helper -Truck or bus driver (light) -Auto mechanic helper -Heavy equipment operator -Heavy equipment mechanic helper 2. Small engine repair: To develop materials for repair of: -Power lawn mower engines -Motor scooter engines -Go-cart engines -Motorcycle engines Method: Materials have been developed which can be used by an expert in automotive repair. Materials are in form of complete lesson plans, with materials and reading matter for students. Materials can be used by instructor who has `taught before. Form of Report: Complete lesson plans, student handouts and reading materials delivered to Job Corps Headquarters, for printing and delivery to Centers Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0731" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 727 37 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # - 1363 CODE # - O4Olb TITLE: Development of Vocational Courses: Clerical Cluster GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Basic Systems, Inc., New York, New York TIME SPAN: Contract completed September 30, 1966. Materials to centers by January 1, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed - Manual being printed by GSA Purpose: To develop specific courses by determining what personnel, materials, facilities, equipment and services are needed for entry level training: - office and plant safety - general clerk - mail clerk - office machine operator - stock clerk - warehouseman - recreation leader Method: Tools, materials, and additional equipment were developed. Materials are designed for use by expert in clerical skills, but may be used by a beginning teacher. Form of Report: Photo-ready copy of materials was delivered to Job Corps Headquarters for printing of course materials for delivery to centers. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0732" 728 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 38 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1364 CODE # 0401b TITLE: Develop Vocational Training; Maintenance Cluster; and Training in Welding and Metal Fabrication, and Air Conditioning and Heating Repair GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Radio Corporation of America TINE SPAN: Completed by September 30, 1966k deliver to centers by January 5, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed, Manual being printed by GSA Purpose: 1) To develop occupational training curricula, materials, and specifications for tools and additional equipment to conduct entry level training for; a. Building maintenanceman helper b. Truck driver (light maintenance) c. Painter helper d. Carpenter helper e. Electrician helper f. Radio serviceman helper 2) Welding and metal fabrication 3) Air conditioning and heating Method: Contractor developed teaching materials (lesson plans, charts, reading material, lists of equipment) which are to be used by an expert in each area. Since materials are in form of complete lesson plans, expert need not have instructed students before Form of Report: Photo-ready copy of materials developed and delivered to Job Corps Headquarters for printing, then delivered to Centers. Further Information: Curriculum Branch,. Job Corps PAGENO="0733" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMEWfS OF 1967 729 39 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1365 CODE # O4Olb TITLE: Development of Marine Engine and Small Boat Maintenance Training Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Brunswick C~poration, Chicago, Illinois TIME SPAN: COntract completed by September 30, 1966, materials delivered to Center by December 10, 1966 (open) CURRENT STATUS: In progress, contract extended Purpose: To develop a curriculum for teaching repair of inboard and out- board engines as well as small boats. Method: Contract will provide: - Curricula - Materials - Specifications for tools, materials and additional equipment required to conduct entry level training Form of Report: Photo-ready copy of training materials delivered to Job Corps Headquarters: to be printed and distributed to Centers. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0734" 730 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 40 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1366 - CODE # 0401b TITLE: Development of Vocational Training: Construction and Conservation Clusters TIME SPAN: Conservation Cluster completed October 5, 1966; Construction completed October 31, 1966; both distributed to centers by December 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: _______________________________________________________ Purpose: To develop occupational training curricula, materials, and specifications for tools, materials, and additional equipment to conduct entry level training for: 1. Conservation Cluster: - hand and power tools - forester aide - wildlife worker - surveying aide - fire control aide - ranger aide - timber worker (pulpwood) - timber worker ( lumbering and logging) - landscape aide 2. Construction Cluster: - hand and power tools - blueprint reading - surveying aide - carpentry - masonry - painting and wood finishing - sign construction and finishing - plumbing - welding - simple electrical repair Method: Contractor developed materials specified above for use by an expert in each area, but one who need not have taught before. Material includes complete lesson plans, student handouts, and reading materials. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0735" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 731 41 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1367 CODE # O401b TITLE: Development of Trainiflg Materials for Appliance Repairman GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: U. S. Industries, Inc. TIME SPAN: Contract completed by September 8, 1966; material to centers by November 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed - but manual not being printed currently Purpose: To develop curricula and materials for entry level training in appliance repair Method: Materials included: - lesson plans - charts - reading materials - lists of materials needed Form of Report: Materials delivered to Job Corps Headquarters: to be printed and delivered to centers Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0736" 732 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 42 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1398 CODE # 0401b - TITLE: Special Course in Automotive Training GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Nation-wide Heavy Equipment Training Company TINE SPAN: July 5, 1966 - November 8, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To conduct a special truck driving course at Pine Knot Job Corps Conservation Center Method: Contractor instructed 16 Corpsmen for 8 weeks Form of Report: If course is determined satisfactory, may be expanded to include more Centers and more Corpsmen Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0737" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 733 43 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1473 CODE # 0401b TITLE: Development of Materials for Teaching Stationary Welding GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: American Institute of Engineering and Technology TINE SPAN: Program will start in three centers as indicated below; to be completed by September, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To instruct Corpsmen in stationary welding Method: Contractor will furnish experts and instructional materials for the course (the Government will furnish equipment) Form of Report: Course commenced: Lewiston Job Corps Conservation Center 19 September 1966 California Casper Job Corps Conservation Center 3 October 1966 Wyoming Iroquois Job Corps Conservation Center 17 October 1966 New York Note: This is said to be the best example of vocational education in the Conservation Centers for training youths to be employable. (12 week cycle, 4 cycles per year training 30 youths per cycle). Job Corps has no instructors currently available to take over programs thus contract being extended. Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps 80-084 0 - 67 - 47 PAGENO="0738" 734 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 44 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # In-house - CODE # 0401b TITLE: Development of Vocation Training: Culinary Cluster TIME SPAN: Introduced to centers by September 1, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To suggest materials for teaching Corpsmen to be: - kitchen helper - counterman - waiter - baker helper - cook helper - pantryman/saladman Method: Materials collected from Conservation Centers. Material must be used by an expert in culinary arts. Form of Report: Materials for teaching these courses delivered to Job Corps Centers. Further Information: Curriculum Branch PAGENO="0739" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 735 45 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 950 CODE # 0402 TITLE: Evaluation of Project 44 GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: American Institute for Research, 135 North Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburh, Pennsylvania TINE SPAN: February 9, 1966 - June 15, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed This contract provides for analysis of behavior change in approximately 40 Job Corpsmen assigned to "Project 44" in the Washington, D.C. area to determine the effectiveness of that Project. The report: 1. Analyzed behavior events and rating scales 2. Included quantitative and qualitative changes which have occurred in Corpsmen's behavior over the course of the Project. 3. Evaluated effectiveness of Project 44 Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0740" 736 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 46 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1427 CODE # 0402 TITLE: Evaluation of the Job Corps Math Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Xerox Educational Division, Inc. New York, New York TIME SPAN: July 1966 - March 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Final report is being revised Purpose: To evaluate all the existing data on the Math system, to specify what additional data are needed to evaluate the program and to recommend changes for improving the system. Method: The contractor analyzed the data on the JC Form 501 file, and from the Michigan Study, the Westinghouse Study Contract 685, and the Minnesota National Laboratories Study. The Contractor prepared a report responsible to the following program parameters. a. Determination of whether the program is followed ac- cording to the method prescribed in the manual b. Analysis of trainees' Math skills at entry c. Determination of which program materials are and are not used and why d. Analysis of time and achievement data e. Construction of a conceptualized probability model relating progress through the Math program and the thirteen checkpoints of the Corpsman Advisory System. Form of Report: A final written report Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0741" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 737 47 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 962 CODE # 0402 TITLE: Evaluation of New Math Programs GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Minnesota National Laboratories, Minnesota State ~~artment of Education, 1821 Midway Building, St. Paul, Minnesota TINE SPAN: March 14, 1966 - March 1, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed This contract provided for field testing, content analysis, and evaluation of mathematics instruction for the Job Corps Conservation Center Program Form of Report: Written report Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0742" 738 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 48 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # In-house CODE # 0402 TITLE: Evaluation_of Kilmer, Custer and Parks Reception Centers GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Rodman Job Corps Center Evaluation Team, New Bedford, Massachusetts TINE SPAN: CURRENT STATUS: Completed November 23, 196 Purpose: To evaluate the Job Corps Reception Centers. The report concluded that reception centers, as they existed at the time of the study, should be discontinued, because they created confusion among Corpsmen about what to expect at actual Job Corps Centers, and thus may actually have increased the dropout rate at Job Corps Centers. Method: The evaluation team: - Interviewed 93 Corpsmen and 95 staff members at three reception centers to determine their objectives, programs, and degrees of success. The team also observed operations at the center. - Interviewed 60 Job Corpsmen (of the 93, 30 had dropped out of Job Corps), at the centers to which they had been assigned and some of the staff members of these centers, to determine whether their experience in reception centers helped them adjust more readily to Job Corps programs. Form of report: 73-page written report, with tables, summarizes responses to interviews, general tone and programs of each camp, and overall impressions of value of camps, and makes recornmen- dations for a new type of induction center which would provide a more elaborate series of tests and counseling to determine placement in an urban or conservation center, and would de-emphasize particular vocational programs. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0743" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 739 49 0. E. 0. CONTRACT 2385 CODE # 0402 TITLE: Pilot Project for Development of the Center Assessment Package GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Data Systems Research, In. 432 West 45th Street, New York, New York TIME SPAN: February 6, 1967 - April 28, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progress Purpose: To develop a set of analytic procedures and data presentation techniques for 31 centers which will form the basis for a Job Corps-wide evaluation program. This will be an evaluation system which will incorporate data from various sources of information that Job Corps receives on a regular basis. The ensuing reports will be submitted to centers for use in their own management and evaluation procedures. Method: Contractor will: - consolidate all data from 31 centers included in the October - January Study of Corpsman Gains into a single codebook. - assess ranges of the data and the accuracy of reporting - establish cross tabs of data by center types for each variable contained in the data pool - develop performance profiles and relative placement rankings for the centers in the study Form of Report: A written report including relevant tables from the analysis of the data, recommendations for improving individual sources of information, and recommendations as to sources of data which are most needed in the overall evaluation effort. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0744" 740 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 50 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1402 - 1407 CODE # 0403, 0700. TITLE: Work-Study Programs GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Various Colleges and Universities TINE SPAN: Summer of 1966 (about 13 weeks); Academic Year 1966-67 and Summer 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In progess - to be continued Purpose: To employneedy college students in Job Corps Conservation Centers, to interest future education in teaching in Job Corps Centers, and to prepare them better for public school teaching. Further, Job Corps Centers will have extra help for educational and recreational programs during weekends and the summer. Method: Listed below is a breakdown of the work-study program including the name of the college, the name of the center, the number of students participating, and the state in which the program was carried out: STATE COLLEGE CENTER NUMBER OF STUDENTS California Chapman Los Pinos 5 California Merced Five Mile 14 Kentucky Western Kentucky Great Onyx 10 Maine Univ. of Maine Acadia 12 Maryland St. Joesphs Catoctin 2 Nebraska Chadron Pine Ridge 32 New Mexico Brockport Luna 9 New York Highlands Univ. Iroquois 3 Ohio Univ. of Toledo Ottawa 10 Oregon Oregon State Timberlake 3 Oregon Portland State Timberlake 18 Pennsylvania Clarion Blue Jay 17 Tennessee Est Tenm. State Jacobs Creek 9 Utah Weber State Weber Basin 10 12 States 14 Colleges 13 Centers 154 Students PAGENO="0745" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 741 51 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 1453 CODE # 0403 TITLE: Stanford University Reading Institutes GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Stanford University, Pala Alto, California TIME SPAN: August 7, 1966 - September 3, 1966 CURRENT STATUS : Completed Purpose: To inform Job Corps reading teachers in Conservation Centers hoc~ to implement the total Job Corps reading program, as well as to provide an opportunity to investigate and solve common probelms through interaction with other teaching staffs. Method: Staff Resources conducted four one-week reading institutes at Stanford University during Summer 1966. 200 trainees (2 staff members from each Center -- one in beginning reading, and one in advanced reading) attended. Form of Report: Written summary of the 4 training sessions, including agenda evaluations, and recommendations by both Job Corps staff and contractor. Further Information: Staff Resources Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0746" 742 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 52 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 509 CODE # 0404 TITLE: Report on Job Corps Center Counseling Needs GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Oregon State System of Higher Education, Teach~g Research Division, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 TINE SPAN: July 1, 1965 - September 15, 1965 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To determine the counseling needs of Job Corps enrollees and the counseling training needs of the center staff personnel. Method: Contractor has: - reviewed counseling requirements at 5 Conservation and 2 `5 Urban Centers - made a detailed appraisal of the present situation of counseling - made recommendations for further counseling programs Form of Report: Written final report Further Information: Curriculum Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0747" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 743 53 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 1327 - CODE # 0404 TITLE: Corpsman Advisory System GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Basic Systems, Inc., New York, N. Y. TIME SPAN: May 1, 1966 - July 1, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Implemented in all Conservation Centers on July 1, 1966 To be implemented in Urban Centers by April 15, 1967 Purpose: To integrate all the programs which a Corpsman participates in in the Conservation Centers Method : Each Corpsman was given a Corpsman Advisor (staff member) -- Each advisor supervised 8-10 Corpsmen - -Advisor is responsible for helping Corpsman define and achieve vocational goals --Advisor keeps tract of Corpsman's progress in work, education; meets with Corpsman to discuss progress --Advisor awards promotion certificates, prepares Placement Portfolio for each Corpsman Further Information: Special Projects Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0748" 744 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 54 O.E.O. CONTRACT Ift 938 CODE # 0501 TITLE: Survey of Job Corps Graduates GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: ~pinion Research Corporation, Research Park Princeton, New Jersey 08540 TINE SPAN: January 14, 1966 - January 31, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To conduct a survey of a sample of Job Corps graduates who have been placed in school or jobs by considering: -Type of job held -Income -Number of jobs held -Age -Race -Marital status -Size of home town -Region of the country now living in -Type of center from which graduated -length of time in Job Corps -Testimonials for Job Corps whether graduate would recommend Corps to friend -Suggestions for change in Job Corps -Difficulties with police -Membership in social groups -Residence same house as before Job Corps, or moved? -Living conditions -Plans for the future Method : Contractor obtained above information by: -Preparing schedule of questions -Conducting interviews with 149 Job Corps graduates -Tabulating and reporting interview data Form of Report: Written report, with tabulations prepared by Evaluation and Research Branch. Further Information: Plans & Programs Directorate, Job Corps PAGENO="0749" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS* OF 1967 745 55 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 1302 CODE # 0501 TITLE: Follow-up Survey of Job Corps Graduates GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Opinion Research Corporation, Research Park Princeton, New Jersey TINE SPAN: June 1, 1966 - August 1, 1966 CURRENT STATUS: - Completed Purpose: To evaluate the Job Corps Training Programs by questioning Job Corps placements (former Corpsmen with verified placements) concerning: --living and social conditions --reactions to personnel at Job Corps Centers --reactions to experienc~ at Job Corps Centers --why and how entered Job Corps --type of program followed in Job Corps --plans for the future --activities after graduation from Job Corps Method : To assess the above factors, the contractor: --developed, pre-tested, and administered an in-depth questionnaire to 500 Job Corps placements, now employed or continuing education --questionnaires were mailed out; contractor attempted by phone ~r in person to contact subjects who did not return the matled forms --contractor supplied the Evaluation & Research Branch with: -detailed cross-tabulations of answers -raw data for open-ended questions Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0750" 746 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967, 56 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 2329 CODE # 0501 TITLE: Revision of Job Corps Form 75 and Application Manual GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Institute of Educational Research, Inc. TINE SPAN: October, 1966 to July, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: The Institute of Educational Research, Inc. will develop a new resume form for exiting Corpsmen. The major part of the effort is the development of a manual which allows for public language translation of measures of in-center progress of Corpsmen into the kind of language which employers require in evaluating a potential employee. The effort consists of three portions: (1) development of a set of scales to measure in-center progress; (2) development of a new resume form, (3) and development of a manual which permits direct and simple translation of the scale scores into sentences which are entered on the resume. The scales will be derived from standard measures already in use in the Centers. Method : 1. Contractor will develop a set of four anchored scales to describe Job Corpsmen. 2. Contractor will develop an "Evaluation Guide of Job Corps Graduates" which will contain rules for translating scores from the anchored scales into descriptive language to be entered on a new resume form. 3. Contractor will develop a new form of the Job Corps Resume of Corpsmen qualifications. 4. Contractor will prepare a report which will include suggestions for revising current data collection procedures in the Job Corps to simplify and/or amplify completion of the form developed under subparagraph 3 above. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps Note: This entire effort holds the possibility of someday leading to easy computerization of the exit resume. PAGENO="0751" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 747 57 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 2375 CODE # 0501 TITLE: Follow-up Survey of all Corpsmen who Terminated from Job Corps in August, 1966. GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: - Louis Harris Associates, Inc. TINE SPAN: _February 10 - March 10, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To make a follow-up study six months after Corpsmembers terminatec~ from Job Corps. Method : Contractor conducted interviews of 57~ of all Corpsmen who terminated in August, 1966. Contractor further analyzed the results and prepared a written report. Form of Report: A final written report Further Information: Placement Division, Job Corps PAGENO="0752" 748 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 58 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 2375-1 CODE # 0502 TITLE: Follow-up Survey of All Corpsmen who Resigned or were Discharged from Inception Thru November 15, 1966 GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Louis Harris and Associates, Inc. TINE SPAN: November 15, 1966 - January 21, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To conduct an in depth follow-up of study of a 5L sample of 35,537 Corpsmen who resigned or were discharged between January, 1965 and November 15, 1966. Method : Contractor conducted interviews with the ex-Corpsmen in the sample and analyzed the results. Form of Report: Final written report Further Information: Placement Division, Job Corps PAGENO="0753" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 749 59 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 1331 CODE # 0503 TITLE: Study of the Adjustment Problems Faced by Job Corps Graduates in Urban and Industrial Settings GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Educational Design, Inc., 29 E. 10th St., New York, New York TIME SPAN: May 23, 1966 - January 22, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: Completed Purpose: To contribute to solutions of problems of adjustment faced by former Job Corpsmen in urban and industrial settings by: --Evaluating major problems in adjusting to urban living and industrial work conditions - -Suggesting in-center training to prepare Job Corpsmen to face these problems Method : Contractor obtained the above information by: --Conducting and tape-recording group interivews in New York City, Chicago, San Francisco, and Houston with: -Job Corps graduates: What they expected life and work in the city to be like, problems they have faced in adjusting to life in city -Work crews: What they expect of fellow workers -Work Supervisors: What they expect of worker --Analyzing taped interviews to make descriptions of group interviewed --Developing marginal distributions - -Developing questionnaire and administering it to Job Corps graduates Form of Report: --Several interim reports: -Verbatim transcriptions of taped interviews (after 3 months) -Descriptive profiles of sample groups (after 4 months) -Marginal distributions and the code construct (after 5 months) --Final report in form of cross tabulations and written report including suggestions for programmatic changes in the "World of Work" program. Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps 80-084 0 - 67 - 48 PAGENO="0754" 750 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 60 0. E. 0. CONTRACT # 2416 CODE # 0503 TITLE: A Comparative Analysis of Halfway House Programs GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Communications Training arid Research Center, Inc. 1510 Harding Road, Ann Arbor, MichiE~ TINE SPAN: January 30, 1967 - April 15, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: To conduct an extensive comparative study of existing Halfway Houses throughout the nation, including examining available literature on Halfway House programs in areas of adult cor- rections, juvenile corrections, psychiatric institutions, rehabilitation institutions, aichololism and others. To provide program guidance to Job Corps for use in our develop- ment of a halfway house program. Further Information: Special Projects Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0755" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 751 61 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 2408 CODE # 0600 TITLE: Development of the 3-R System (Resources, Responsibilities, and Results) GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Fair Isaac and Company, Inc., 1400 Lincoln Avenue, San Rafael, California TINE SPAN: February 8, 1967 to February 8, 1968 CURRENT STATUS: In Process Purpose: To develop the 3-R System and to instruct Job Corps personnel in its management and use. The 3-R System is an attempt to rationalize Job Corps operations by having each Division of Job Corps Headquarters, and each Project Manager (for every Job Corps center) submit quantitative projections of objectives and resources for executing these objectives. These proposals (on a quarterly basis) will be correlated in order to inform management (of Job Corps Headquarters) of what is going on throughout Job Corps. The correlation will also provide a basis for making rational decisions about appropriations within Job Corps. Method : Contractor will: - - analyze types of information needed by management --put that information in quantifiable terms --program computers to absorb, analyze, and publish this information --instruct appropriate staff at Headquarters in the management and use of' the system. Form of Report: Written report, with a time flow model and a progress reporting system for Job Corps; also, procedural models Further Information: Evaluation & Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0756" 752 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 62 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 965 CODE # 0600 TITLE: Study, Development and Testing of Job Corps Medical System GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Bio-Dynamics, Inc., 207 Bent Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts TIME SPAN: January 1, 1966- June 30, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Progress Purpose: The Contractor shall furnish the necessary personnel, services, and materials to perform the following: 1. Medical screening and selection recommendations of and for Job Corps applicants in accordance with existing Job Corps procedures. 2. Development and test implementation of new medical screening and examination procedures of Job Corps applicants. 3. Development of an operational system of health information and surveillance (medical/dental/environmental), including testing of the proposed system. Monthly health information reports, special reports, as requested to be submitted to the Health Administrator, Job Corps as a result of the development of the health information system and test thereof. 4. Development of a medical procedures manual, including recommendations regarding the use and/or revision of the current Forms 505-8 for inclusion in the system. 5. Utilization of intermittent professionals, both medical and sanitary engineering, to assist and advise on all aspects of health care and to report findings to the Health Administrator, Job Corps. Comprehensive reports of the findings and interpre- tations thereof to be submitted to the Health Administrator, Job Corps on June 30, 1966 and December 31, 1966. Approximate number of professional site visits - 50. PAGENO="0757" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 753 62-a Method : Analysis of Forms JC-l, SF88, SF89, JC 513, JC 514 Recommend Job Corps Health Manual System Propose areas of special studies Furnish Health Data Recommend changes in health procedural matters Assess impact of Corpsmembers health and health habits on training, center workload, etc. Further Information: Job Corps Health Branch PAGENO="0758" 754 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 63 O.E.O. CONTRACT # 2369 CODE ~ft 0602 TITLE: S.A.T. Scoring Service GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc. TINE SPAN: December, 1966 - CURRENT STATUS: In Process Purpose To improve Job Corps SAT testing by-- and Designing, testing, and implementing a data file containing Method: test scores, grade equivalents, item responses and (15 items or less) Corpsman biographical data. The file will be arranged by SSN within center and have pre-post indicators as well as level and form of test indicators. Contractor will produce Job Corps norms for total Job Corps as well as breakdowns by center subgroups. Contractor will also item analyze a sample of Job Corps SAT tests. Form of Report: The contractor will provide Job Corps with a monthly report indicating number of tests received and number of Corpsmen tested, by center, for the previous month. Also, a quarterly report indicating center by center Corpsmen SAT gain scores by number of months in center and center rank. Maintain a test and item response file for Job Corps, from which HB&W will generate quarterly total Job Corps percentile norms distributed by grade equivalents and item statistics. Finally, they will provide Job Corps with a special tape containing initial SAT scores and scores obtained during special testing in October and January for a specific sample. Further Information: Evaluation and Research Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0759" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 755 64 O.E.O. CONTRACT # - 1305 CODE ~ 0700 TITLE: Expose Public School Teachers to Job Corps Conservation Centers Education Program GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: National Education Association, 1201 - 16th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036 TINE SPAN: May 23, 1966 - October 22, 1967 CURRENT STATUS: In Process Purpose: Job Corps is contracting with NEA, to provide an educational staff of five (5) for four (4) Conservation Centers - Blackwell, Luna, Liberty Park, and Marsing. Each team of six (6) people will serve for one year's time in a center. Staff will be provided by community school systems of Detroit; Washington, D. C.; Simi-Vally, California; and Seattle. After a year in the Conservation Centers, the teams of educators will return to their respective communities to work together for another year in the creation of new curriculum materials and schedules for the disadvantaged school population of their own community systems. Further Information: Staff Resources Branch, Job Corps PAGENO="0760" 756 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 65 O.E.O~ CONTRACT # 288 CODE # 100 TITLE: Job Corps Stu4y -~ GROUP CONDUCTING STUDY: National Opinion Research Center, University~ of Chicago, Chicago~ Illinois TIME SPAN: Not Applicab~e CURRENT STATUS Currently in hold status - being allowed to terminate an completed by May 1, 1967 Purpose: Part of the research at one time being undertaken to help the evaluate the effectiveness of its program. NORC was asked by Job Corps researchers to conduct the field work of interview- ing, screening, and testing a "control" group of boys who would be eligible to become Corpsmen. The intent would have been to then compared this "control" group to Job Corps enrollees thus measuring the impact of Job Corps against a "control" group. Being a member of the "control" group would not have excluded a boy from joining the Job Corps; if at any time in the study he should have entered the Job Corps, he would have been dropped from the "control" sample. Method: A sample would have been drawn from a list compiled in Washington of youths age 16-22 who have mailed "Job Corps Opportunity Cards" to Washington, thereby expressing an interest in the Job Corps. The field work, then, consisted of a screening interview and three brief screening tests, on the basis of which eligibility of the boy was determined. The eligible boys would have been given a series of tests --intelligence and achievement--identical to tests administered to boys in Job Corps Camps~ Follow-up to one year from inception and another about one year following that. OEO researchers would have "matched" boys in the control sample with boys in the Job Corps and their progress would have been compared and evaluated. Form of Reports: Was to be written. But due to technical difficulties with the control group this project was allowed to lapse according to mutual agreement between contractor and OEO~ Accordingly the contract will automatically terminate May 1, 1967. PAGENO="0761" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 757 EDUCATIONAL GAINS This is the third in a series of reports based upon the findings from the Corpsman Gains Study, Priority Task 3 of the Plans and Programs Directorate. The data for these reports were gathered in October 1966 and January 1967 from a representative sample of approximately 3,000 Corpsmembers from 31 Centers. They were tested in order to develop a social maturity scale and to establish baseline data for social, vocational, and education growth. The first two reports, A & R #2 and A & R #3, presented the demographic characteristics and social behaviors of our sample as perceived by the Corps- members and the staff. This, the third, presents the educational gains accom- plished by the Corpsmembers. This document deals specifically with the evaluation of the education pro- gram and is especially intended for those who use the programs. It is hoped that the summary and recommendations will be of interest to all and genuinely helpful to the program users. Comments about the validity of our findings and their application to your Center's programs are extremely welcome. This is the fifth issue of A & R Reports. You may wish additional copies or may have questions concerning the content. Please address any inquiries or requests to Mrs. Dorothy Wade, Job Corps, Plans and Programs, Evaluation and Re- search Branch, Washington, D.C. 20506. INTRODUCTION From October 1966 to January 1967 the Job Corps conducted the Corpsman Gains Study in an effort to determine whether the program was affecting change in its enrollees. The October-Janu~ary study focused as completely as possible on total pro- gram. Efforts were made to measure social-behavioral changes, attitudes toward the program, and academic improvement. A representative sample of over 3,000 Oorpsmembers from 31 Job Corps Centers were tested in October and as many as remained were retested again in January. Two earlier reports have been prepared based on the results of this study. A & R Report #2 focused primarily upon demographic characteristics, social behavior and attitudes. This report, the third in a series, focuses upon gains in reading and mathematics. The purpose of the achievement testing wa~ to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the Job Corps academic program. Interest was focused on deter- mining if the programs are geared to the population, if they are comprehensive or extensive enough, and if the programs differ in quality. More specifically, do Corpsmembers improve in academic skills after entering Job Corps? If so, which ones are improving, and how does their progress compare to performance prior to entering Job Corps? Although definitive answers were not always available, the data constitute a reasonable first-cut which isolates areas which require more intensive study and it permits a few recommendations for programS improvement. METHOD The educational gains discussed in this respect are based on a sample of about 2,000 Corpsmembers for whom achievement levels were determined in both October 1966 and January 1967. Each Corpsmember was administered two subtests, Paragraph Meaning and Arithmetic Computation, of the Stanford Achievement Test (S.A.T.). In order to determine the impact of Christmas vacations on the gains data, a small sample of 200 Corpsmembers were tested three times, in October and December, 1966 as well as in January 1967.* Amount of educational gain is simply the difference in tested achievement level, grade *See Appendix. PAGENO="0762" 758 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 equivalent, for the two testing periods.*C The rate of gain is the gain divided by elapsed time. The average gain for each group was established by determining the median gain score. Means were not computed due to the imprecise nature of the differ- ence in grade equivalent and the extreme skew in the distribution of gain scores. Since the curve is positively skewed, with some very large gains, the mean would be a spuriously high estimate of the average (central tendency). The median while more conservative is the better estimate in this case. In addition to the above testing, the achievement level of the Corps members at time of entry into Job Corps was determined whenever possible. A file search located entry scores for 900 of the 2000 Corpsmembers. For the purpose of determining comparability the entry levels of the sample were compared to available statistics for the Job Corps population. Educational gains were analyzed by type of Job Corps Center, amount of time ~ob Corpsmembers was enrolled, and achievement level in October. Further, for comparative purposes five of the best Conservation Centers were considered as a special subgroup. Urban Centers might have been included in a "five best" subgroup; they were excluded simply because Conservation Centers have a com- mon program, and some comparisons can be made with program held constant. The S.A.T. was chosen as the gain measure because it is one of the best avail- able tests for the population studied. Its standardization sample includes per- sons similar to the Job Oorps population and recent Job Corps studies show it to perform adequately in a statistical sense. An analysis of the test indicates that the content of the items parallels the content of the Job Corps Programs. Furthermore, the S.A.T. permits describing skill levels in well known terms, namely the public school grades. By using S.A.T. grade equivalents, gross com- parisons between the average Job Oorpsmember and the average public school can be made. HIGHLIGHTS 1. The average Oorpsmember in the sample had attended most of ninth grade before entering Job Corps but had reading and math skills equivalent to `begin- fling fifth grade. Obviously, his educational level was significantly lower than the average years of school attended. If the public school average rates of learning are used as a baseline, it can be said that the average Corpsmember, when in public school, achieved about half as much as the average school student. 2. Once he had entered the Job Corps program he demonstrated a faster rate of achievement than the norm of school students. Over a three month period, the average Corpsmember progressed in arithmetic one and three-fourths (1~/4) times faster than the school norm, and in reading one and one-fourth (11/4) times the average public school rate. 3. When the sample was grouped according to the type of Center Corps- members attend, the sample from the Men's Centers demonstrated greater gain rates. The Men's Centers' gain rate is 1.75 times better in reading and 2.5 times better in arithmetic than the public school average in grades four to seven. 4. The `Conservation Center sample showed a median gain in math below the Men's `Centers' sample. Their median gain in reading was also below the Men's Centers' sample but was the same as the Job Corps average. The Conservation Center rate of gain was 1.5 times better than the school norm in arithmetic and 1.25 times better in reading. 5. The Women's Centers' sample made less progress in reading and math than the average Corpsmember. In reading and math their rates of gain were below the public school norm. This sample progressed six-tenths as quickly as the average student in public school. This rate is about a 10% improvement over their rate of achievement in school. It is `suspecetd that the sample showed less gain than those from Conservation and Men's Centers because many of the girls had higher entry scores and were not kept in the programs all the time they were on `Center. 6. Data from a subset of five high performance centers were analyzed. The median gain for this group was nearly three times the public school norm in reading and exactly three times the norm in arithmetic. These rates of gain are nearly twice as great as the Job Corps average. **The statistical problems involved computing difference In grade equivalents Is recog- nized. While not a precise measure of gain, change In grade equivalent does serve as an estimate of Improvement. PAGENO="0763" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 759 7. The Introductory Programs, geared for achievers from first to third grades, seems adequate. Nearly 80% of persons achieving within this skill range showed some improvement. 8. The Elementary Programs for those achieving between third and the end of sixth grade are also successful. About 66% of Corpsmembers in the Element- ary Programs showed improvement. In both reading and arithmetic, the average Corpsmember improved his skill about twice as quickly as the average school student. 9. The Intermediate Programs, designed for those Corpsmembers with skills comparable to seventh and eight graders, are generally unsuccessful. Only about half the sample made some improvement and their rate of gain was half as great as the public school norm. The poor performance of Corpsmembers at these skill levels suggests failure to keep Corpsmembers involved in programs rather than true program deficiency. ACHIEVEMENT LFAVEL AT ENTRY INTO JOB CORPS At entry into Jobs Corps, the average Corpsmember could read at the level of a public school student in fifth grade third month. He did his arithmetic as well as those in the middle of fifth grade in public school. As was expected, the entry reading and math levels of those in Conservation Centers were lower than those in Men's and Women's Urban Centers. In reading, the median entry level of Conservation Centers was 21/2 to 3 grades below the level of Men's and Women's Urban Centers; in math, it was slightly more than one grade below the Urban Center samples. The large difference between Conservation Center and Urban Center Corps- members in reading also exists at the upper and lower quartiles. The tables below present the distribution of grade equivalent scores at entry into Job Corps for Center types. Table I shows that the median entry reading level for Conser- vation Centers was 3.2, for Men's Urban Centers 5.7, and Women's Centers was 6.2. TABLE 1.-Grade equivalents in reading of corpsman gains sample at entry into Job Corps 25 percentile 50 percentile 75 percentile Number of cases AllJob Corps Conservation - Men'surban - Women'surban - 3.9 2.6 4.5 4.8 5.3 3.2 5~7 6.2 6.8 4.5 7.1 7.7 903 206 505 192 TABLE 2.-Grade equivalents in math of corpsman gains sample at entry into Job Corps 25 percentile 50 percentile 75 percentile Number of cases AliJob Corps Conservation Men'surban - -- Women'surban. 4.4 3.6 4.7 5.1 5.4 4.4 5.6 6.0 6.4 5.3 6.6 7.6 802 195 433 174 It can be seen from the Tables that Corpsmembers who entered Conservation Centers were more retarded in reading than in arithmetic, and more retarded in both skills than Oorpsmembers from Men's Urban Centers or Women's Centers. Tables 3 and 4 compare the median entry's scores of the Corpsman Gains Sample with the population in March 1966 and February 1967. The data show that the Corpsman Gain Sample is essentially similar. PAGENO="0764" 760 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 TABLE 3.-Median grade equivalents in reading at entry into job Corps Corpsman gains sample March 1966 entire population February 1967 entire population Conservation Men's urban Women's urban 3.2 5.8 6.2 3.9 6.3 6.5 ~. 4 5.6 6.2 TABLE 4.-Median grade equivalents in arithmetic at entry into Job Corps Corpsman gains sample March 1966 population February 1967 entire population Conservation Men's urban Women's urban 4. 4 5.6 6.0 4.6 6.0 5.7 4.2 5.7 5.5 Examination of the entry scores in Tables 3 & 4 indicate that the Corpsman Gains Sample is representative of the Job Corps population as a whole. The slight differences which exist are probably due to shifts in the enrollee popula- tion over time and differential termination rates for Corpsmembers entering with different academic skills. EDUCATIONAL GAINS IN JOB 00BPS Educational Gains in Job Corps are described in three ways: the percent of sample who showed some improvement, the actual change in grade equiva- lent score for the average Corpsmember (the 50th percentile) from October to January and the adjusted rate of progress for the average Corpsmember. The procedure for determining the adjusted rate of progress and rate of performance prior to Job Corps are explained in the appendix. In the following discussion rate of progress or rate of achievement in Job Corps refers to the adjusted rate of progress. The Toksl sample (See Figures 1 & 2) About 63% of the Corpsman Gains Sample make some progress in reading. The rate of learning in reading for the average Corpsmember is one and a fourth times the school norm. For the population with which Job Corps deals, this is approximately a 250% improvement over their estimated performance prior to Job Corps. In mathematics, gains are greater than in reading. The average Oorpsmember achieves one and three-fourths times as quickly as the typical school student. This means that a Corpsmember who stays eleven months on Center would complete about two grade levels. His learning rate is almost 400% better than his estimated rate prior to Job Corps. A Comparison of Gain Rates Among Center Gronps Paragraph Meaning-Of the three *center groups, Conservation, Women's Urban, and Men's Urban, the sample from Men's Urban shows the largest median gain in reading. Their achievement rate is nearly twice that of the public school expectancy. It is a 175% improvement over the school norm and a 350% improve- ment over their estimated learning rate in schooL The Conservation Center sample advances 1.25 times as quickly as the average school student which, though lower than Men's Urban Center sample, is a 250% improvement. The Women's Center sample evidences an educational gain rate which is below the public school norm. They gain about six-tenths as quickly as the public school norm which is about 10% better than their rate in public school. These rates are presented in Figure 1 entitled "Rate of Achievement in Reading". Arithmetic Computation-About two thirds of the sample from Conservation, Men's and Women's Center show some improvement. The sample from Men's Urban Centers shows the greatest median gain in arithmetic, the Conservation PAGENO="0765" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 761 Oenter sample shows the next largest and the Women's Centers sample the least gain. The Men's Urban Center sample improves two and a half times faster than the school norm; the Conservation Center one and a half times and the Women's Center sample six-tenths as quickly as the school norm. The rates of achieve- ment in arithmetic are presented in Figure 2. Possible causes of these rate differences will be discussed in the following sections. Specifically Corpsmembers level at entry, amount of time in program, and whether Corpsmember is presently in program will be considered. Figure 1 RATE OF ACHIEVEMENT IN READING Caution: THE ABOVE RATES ARE INDEPENDENT OF THE SIZE OF UNIT. JOB CORPS RATES ARE EASED ON A FEW MONTHS WHEREAS TEE PUBLIC SCHOOL NORMS ON YEARS. BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCE IN UNIT SIZE CAUTION MUST BE USED IN GENERAL~ IZING FROM* THESE RATES * THEY ARE USED HERE FOR DEMONSTRATION ONLY 1'IEN'S 1.75 WOMEN'S CENTERS 0.5 to 1.0 Figure 2 RATE OF ACHIEVEMENT IN ARITHMETIC NORM WOMEN'S CENTERS PUBLIC SCHOOL 0.5 to 1.0 PAGENO="0766" 762 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Comparison of Gain.s Made By Groups in Job Corps Different Lengths of Time When the sample is grouped according to length of time in Job Corps within the Center type, the reading gains fluctuate con~iderably for the Urban Men and Women's Centers but remain relatively constant for Conservation Centers. Some slight peaking is seen for all the groups who recently entered Job Corps. This "recovery phenomenon" is not as pronounced as expected. The percent of Conservation Corpsmen showing improvement remains fairly constant for those on Center a year or more, indicating there is more than instant recall taking place. The percent from the Urban Centers showing improvement, however, decreases for those at the center longer periods of time. The percents showing gain are presented in Table 5. TABLE 5.-Percent showing improvement in reading between October 1966 and January 1967 by amount of time in Job Corps Number of months in Job Corps, October 1966 Men's urban, percent showing (N = gain) Conservation, percent showing (N= gain) Women's urban, percent showing (N = gain) Less than 1 1 to 3 4to6 7 to 9 10 to 12 13 to 15 Morethanl5 28 54 134 66 123 73 70 56 40 48 16 56 8 50 60 65 255 68 165 61 94 68 39 67 26 73 15 67 14 78 120 60 114 53 28 68 22 50 16 31 5 0 In arithmetic, gains are also grossly related to the length of time Oorpsmem- bers have been at the center. As in reading, there is a silight peaking for those who recently entered the arithmetic program and a tailing off for Urban Corps- members in Job Corps a year or more. Part of the early peaking is a result of Corpsman's recovery of skills forgotten when not used. For those Urban Corps- members who have been on center more than ten months, the percent showing improvement decreases. This tailing off in arithmetic and in reading is probably a consequence of Corpsmen compinting available academic programs. Percents from center subgroups showing improvement in arithmetic are presented in Table 6. TABLE 6.-Percent showing improvement in arithmetic computation between October 1966 and January 1967 by amount of time in Job Corps Number of months in Job Corps, October 1966 Men's urban, percent showing (N= gain) Conservation, percent showing (N = gain) Women's urban, percent showing (N = gain) Less than 1 1 to 3 4to6 7to9 10 to 12 13 to 15 More than 15 27 59 136 68 123 71 72 61 41 66 17 59 8 38 61 72 259 65 162 57 87 68 46 67 24 79 16 44 16 81 122 56 113 61 28 68 21 48 16 44 5 0 A. Comparison of Job Corps Progranw Within the Center Types Dividing the sample into three grade equivalent groups which are roughly equivalent to the Introductory, Elementary and Intermediate Programs, some program strengths and weaknesses itre identifiable. Table 7 shows the number of units actually gained `between testing periods. A unit is roughly equivalent to one school month or Mo of a school year. These units are unadjusted; they do not take account of forgetting which occurred during the vacation and, therefore, are conservative estimates of the rate of gain. They do, however, illustrate the relationship of gain to the Corpsmembers' achievement level in October. PAGENO="0767" ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 763 TABLE 7.-Unadjusted gains 1 for center groups (October 1966 to January 1967) by October achievement level (N's in parenthesis) CONSERVATION CENTERS October grade level Median reading gain Median arith~metic gain 1.0 to 2.9 3.0to5.9 6 and up All levels combined 3+ (255) 2- (356) -5 (60) 2 (671) 5+ (121) 2(454) -1- (87) 2+ (662) MEN'S CENTERS 1.0 to 2.9 13 (16) 5+ (176) 0+ (225) 3 (419) 11- (13) 5 (208) 3+ (203) 4 (424) 3.0 to 5.9 6 and up All levels combined WOMEN'S CENTERS 1.0 to 2.0 11 (10) 3- (113) 0 (197) 1- (320) 7.5 (5) 3 (159) -3 (158) 1 (322 3.0 to 5.9 6 and up All levels combined 1 Explanation of codes: Often + or - will follow a median in the table. In lieu of computing exact medians, this indicator is used for approximation purposes due to the imprecise nature of the data. A + means greater than. For example, 3+ means the median is between 3 and 3.5 months. 4- on the other hand represents a gain between 3.5 and 4 months. The Introductory Program-The greatest gain is made by CorpsmenTbers scoring between 1.0 and 2.9 grade equivalents on the `S.A.T. The very large gains made by Men's and Women's Urban Centers are suspect. The small number of Oorpsmembers from Urban Centers in this lower group may very well have been mistested; their October scores, therefore, would not be an :ac~urate measure of their skill and consequently their gains are spurious. The suspicion about their scores is reinforced when one considers that very low achievers are not normally assigned to Urban Centers. Because the gains are suspect in Urban Centers, a definite conclusion about these programs can not be drawn. These gains may reflect program strength since other anecdotal reports from Centers indicate that the Introductory Programs are highly successful. The gains made by the Conservation Center sample in the first to third grade level are more acceptable since the N's are more substantial. Of 121 persons, 81% showed improvement in arithmetic and of 255 Corpsmen, 78% showed im- provement in reading. The achievement rate in reading is three times as fast as the average school student and in arithmetic about twice as fast. A separate analysis by length of time in center indicates that the greater rate of gain is evidenced by Corpsmen in -this group who had been at the center six months or less. This rate was not entirely out of proportion to gains for other groups but does demonstrate a recovery effect. A large percentage, more than 75%, of all the different length of stay groups show improvement. The Elementary Programs-Those Corpsmembers achieving between third and sixth grades make adequate gains. Gains made by Urban Men in reading and arithmetic are impressive. In both skills the Urban Corpsman gained almost six units for the period under investigation. Corpswomen at this level gained on the average about four units during the period under investigation. The Conser- vation Centers Corpsmen, on the other hand, show steady but non-exceptional progress. PAGENO="0768" 764 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 It is quite possible that the mediocre showing for Conservation Center Corps- men at this level reflects increased time away from education classes. The fact that the programs in use are adequately designed for the Job Corps population is demonstrated by the performance of the sample from the best Conservation Centers. Intermediate Programs-~For Corpsmen in this achievement group, the existing reading program appears inadequate. Table 7 shows that the average `Corpsman from Conservation Centers lost about five months achievement in the three month period and that the average from an Urban Center made no gain in reading. The poor `performance of persons in Intermediate reading `program strongly suggests that Corpsmem'bers are just not `being placed in programs after they have attained a level of about 13.0 and are, during the ensuing month's, evidencing what one would expect, forgetting. At present, the reading program, for Conservation `Center Corpsmen achieving above sixth grade, is being revised. In addition G.E.D. programs `are under development. W'henever possible enrichment materials must be provided at this level. `Persons with sixth grad'e `achievement are just beginning to reach `a level useful for occupational or recreational pursuits. It should not be assumed that Corpsmen with sixth grade skills do not need continued training. Ari'alysis of the arithmetic gains data reconfirms the above conclusion. The average Corpswoman and the Corpsman from a Conservation Center showed a loss of about two-tenths of a grade level in two-tenths o'f a school year. The average Corpsman from an Urban Center, however, showed `significant improve- ment. At least 50% gained four-tenth's of a gra'de level or more. It is `apparent that maintenance programs exist (either formal or informal). More than likely this continued gain is a result of Corpsmen using these skills in their vocational programs. The Urban Centers from which these Corpsmen were selected gen- erally `h'ave related mat'h program's as part of their vocational courses. Gain Rates for Five of the Best Centers (Table 8) Since the data are confounded by weak and strong programs, by Corpsmembers not in program and a myriad of other factors th'e gains of sample of high per- formance Conservation `Centers were analyzed. About 80% of these Corpsmem'bers, ~whereas only 613% `of the whole sample, showed improvement in reading and arithmetic. `These Centers showed a median rate of gain in reading and arith- metic far better t'han the Job Corps average an'd roughly two to three times greater than the public school norm. Figures 3 and 4 demonstrate the difference between the best `Centers and Jo'b Corps average rates of gain. The actual grade equivalents gained between the testing periods are presented in Tables 7 `and 8. From th'e Tables it can be seen that the median gain ranges from more than a half year (.134) t'o four tenths (.4) of a year. The median achievement levels for the sample in October are also presented in Tables 8 and 9. The median reading score in October ranged between end of second grade `and middle of third grade, the level where greatest `succes's was demonstrated `by the larger sample from all ty'pes of centers. In arithmetic, the median scores of the sub-sample w-ere also close to that of the larger sample, at a'bout the beginning of fourth grade. Their impressive performance demonstrates the kind of success `Corpsmen in the program could make and attests to the potential strength of the program. The implication is clear; some centers are not yet reaching their potential. The group of high performance centers includes both Men's Urban and Conservatio'n Centers, of that group only the `best Conservation Centers were discussed here because of similarity of program and performance. The five centers selected for the reading analysis are not always the same as the five s'elected for mathematics. PAGENO="0769" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 765 Pigure 3 RATE OF ACHIEVEMENT IN READING FIVE BEST CONSERVATION CENTERS PUBEIC SCHOOL AVERAGE dC SCHOOL Fikure 4 RATE OF ACHIEVENENT IN ARIT!ThIETIC FIVE BEST AVERAGE SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOL NORM 80-084 0-67-pt. l-49 PAGENO="0770" 766 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 TABLE 8.-Reading scores and gains reported as grade equivalents-Actual, unad- justed gains for the 5 best conservation centers, October 1966 to January 1967 Percent showing improvement Median score in October Median gain Center A Center B Center C CenterD CenterE 85 78 91 80 71 3.9 3.9 2.9 3.0 3.6 0. 6+ .5+ .4+ .4 .4 TABLE 9.-Arithmetic scores.and gains reported as grade equivalents-Actual, unad- justed gains for the best conservation centers, October 1966 to January 1967 Percent showing improvement Median score in October Median gain Center A Center B Center F Center G Center H 75 76 77 65 e~ 4. 9 4. 6 3. 2 3.9 4. 5 0. 63'i . 6- . 53'i .4 . 4- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Slightly greater gains are made in the arithmetic program than in the read- ing program. This fact is especially true in the Men's Centers where the math program is apparently tied into the vocational courses. The gains in both sub- jects made by the whole sample point out that Job Corps is moderately successful in advancing Corpsrnembers to sixth or seventh grade levels but relatively in- effective in maintaining or reaching beyond these levels. The fact that great progress could be made at all levels becomes evident when the gains of the whole sample are compared to those of five high performance centers. The gains made by five of the best centers were nearly twice as great as the Job Corps average and three times as great as the public school average. These large gains prevailed in the introductory and elementary programs which were developed by Job Corps for achievers from first to the fifth grade levels. When the gains of the whole sample for the short period of time are projected for longer periods, the overall program inefficiency becomes dramatically evi- dent. The projections for the Center types follow. Conservation Centers-For as long as these Corpsmen are in class about 50% of them would complete two Job Corps arithmetic levels in six months and two Job Corps reading levels in nine months. This means that after six months in arithmetic class and nine months in reading class these Corpsmen could have completed the equivalent of one year in public school. This means, also, that if progress rates do not improve, the typical Corpsmen who enters with third grade skills in reading must spend 24 months to progress to sixth grade level. Since he enters with fourth grade arithmetic skills, he must spend twelve months to progress to sixth grade level. Thus, although Corpsmen demonstrate gain they are not receiving the maximum benefits of the program. Women's Centers-The Corpswomen made less gain and consequently the esti- mated time that is required for them to progress from one grade level to another is longer than that for the Conservation Corpsmen. According to these data, the typical Corpswornan who enters with beginning sixth grade reading and arith- metic skills must spend sixteen (16) months in these programs to reach seventh grade skill level. Men's Centers-~About 50% of these Corpsmen will achieve the equivalent of one school grade level in reading in six months and in arithmetic in four months. Therefore, the typical Corpsman who enters with reading skills, equivalent to the end of fifth grade, will spend eighteen months before he reads at the end of eighth grade level. He will spend only twelve months in the arithmetic or mathe- matics program to progress from middle of fifth grade to middle of eighth PAGENO="0771" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 767 grade. Since the average Corpsman from an Urban Center stays from nine to twelve months he would have acquired, by graduation, seventh grade reading skills and eighth grade math skills. At that point he is polishing the skills useful for job pursuits. The projections outlined above are averages including Corpsmembers who are not in the programs. Undoubtedly Corpsmemhers who are in the programs achieve more quickly than the average described above. Based on the findings, recommendations are made to improve Corpsmember's rates of achievement to attain the maximum benefits of the program. 1. Every male Corpsman with ability above sixth grade should be sent to a Men's Center or upper level programs should be developed immediately in Con- servation Centers. 2. Once the Corpsmembers are at Centers, every effort should be made to test them on the appropriate level of the S.A.T. and develop expectancies for place- m~nt in program so they are not placed in courses too easy or difficult for them. 3. All Corpsmembers should be kept in some reading and math programs for as long as they are on the center. If they complete the structured programs they should be given enrichment materials. The critical need for enrichment programs cannot be overstressed. The data suggest that one month out of the program can cause backsliding at a rate of three to one. Programs could be formal, such as a G.E.D. program, or informal, where Corpsmembers are given trade maga- zines, or newspapers and technical manuals under the supervision of a basic education teacher, work supervisor or a vocational teacher. 4. Whenever possible reading and arithmetic training should be incorporated into the pre-vocational, vocational or world of work programs. Such tieing to- gether, as demonstrated by some Men's Centers, can cause the achievement rate to double. 5. It is suspected that class attendance, scheduling and frequency of testing strongly affect successful program use. Learning at a faster rate which occurred when Corpsmen were in the program should be an incentive for regular class attendance. Since the same programs are available to all Centers, variation as witnessed in the study, need not exist. Incorporation of the recommendations should help Center's maximize the benefits of the programs and, in turn, bring Gorpsmem- bers' rates of achievement in line with the high performance centers. APPENDIX Adjusted Rate Of Progress The adjusted rate of progress is based upon two assumptions: 1. Due to Christmas vacation Corpsmembers in the sample were in educational programs, not for 3 months, but rather for approximately two months. 2. During the vacation period some forgetting takes place. In order to determine how much forgetting occurred a small sample of 200 Corpsmen at one center were tested before and after Christmas. This group demonstrated an average gain of 6 months for the two month period October to December. For the one month period December to January this sample group lost 2 months on the average resulting in a net gain of slightly more than 3 months for the full three month period. For this group we have evidenced rates of gain which differ by 300% due to the impact of Christmas vacation. The adjustment procedure used was to increase the absolute change in grade equivalence by 3~ and use 2 months rather than 3 months as the denominator in the rate formula. Such an adjuviment may be a conservative best estimate. For the above sample of 200, adjusting the 3 month gain would result in an estimated rate of almost 2 to 1. Over the two month period unaffected by Christmas this center showed a 3 to 1 rate of achievement. &~hool norm: definitional grade equivalent norming-taken directly from Stanford Achievement Test tables. Progress rate prior to Job Corps: Determine by dividing average achievement level at entry into Job Corps by the average number of school grades completed. Caution: This estimate is affected by forgetting which has taken place between school and Tob Corps. It also is confounded since grades completed are usually an underestimate of years spent in school. It was assumed here that these two factors tend to cancel each other out in the estimate. PAGENO="0772" 768 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. QUIE. At least let us see it. Mr. GOTTLIEB. It has a list of all of the research reports and I also have some copies of many of them here. Mr. QUIE. Let me ask the next question. There are three Harris sur- veys. One was on the August termination to which you already re- ferred. Another was on dropouts and a third one on no shows. I would ask you since these are not especially lengthy, whether I can have a copy of these evaluations. Mr. KELLY. The Harris survey. Mr. QUIE. The three Harris surveys. Mr. KELLY. Certainly. Mr. QUIE. How long would it take to get a copy of that up here? Mr. KELLY. I imagine it would take maybe 30 minutes. Mr. QUIE. This would be fine. We could get a copy sent up. Mrs. GREEN. Could we ask at that time also for copies of the survey furnished by the American Association of School Administrators to be supplied members of the committee? Mr. KELLY. I don't know that survey, Mrs. Green. I am sorry. Mr. QUIE. I would also ask a question about the one done in August 1966, by Opinion Research Corp. Do you have that? Mr. KELLY. I am sorry, Congressman. That is before my time in Job Corps. I am not familiar with that one. Mr. QUIE. Harris refers to it so that I know it has been conducted. Mr. GOTTLIEB. That is t.he National Opinion Research Center. Mr. QUIE. Anyway, it was listed as Opinion Research Corp. Mr. `GOTTLIEB. Yes, we have that. Mr. QUIE. Could I have a copy of that sent to me? Mr. KELLY. Yes, sir. Mr. QUTE. Now, referring to the costs in the operat.ion of the Job Corps, I would like to see these broken down. Wihat was the cost of the administration from the nat.ional office down to the Job Corps; not the operation of each Job Corps center? Do you have that? Can you sub- mit that total? Mr. KELLY. That is at page 51. I could read it for you if you would like. Mr. QUIE. You have it on page 51. Mr. KELLY. The program direction which I suppose you would call the administrative expense of the Job Corps, program direction head- quarters in 1967, $1.75 million. Regional office expense, $2.5 million. Mr. QUIE. Then earlier where you list, the cost per Job Corps center and the direct operating cost, does this also take in all the costs of the corpsman from the time he is screened? When you talk about direct operating cost, paymen~t.s, allowances, allotments, and travel is this the travel, from his home? Mr. KELLY. That is right. That is the total travel for the enrollee. That is part of the congressional definition. Mr. QUIE. So this takes in all except. the capital costs? Mr. KELLY. That is right. I might point. out, Congressman, that in this volume 2 we have the details of costs center `by center broken down in each cost category. For instance, we can tell you what it costs for clothing at th~ Clam Lake Center. We can tell you what it costs for food at Clam Lake. We can tell you what it costs for clothing at. Al- PAGENO="0773" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 769 buquerque. We can tell you what it costs for motor vehicle operation at Trappers Creek. We can do it for any one of thecenters and this is now reported monthly. It is an automatic reporting system, computer- ized and again until the first of March of this year we did not have that data. It took that long to construct t.h~ kind of system. This is the report on each one of the centers. Mr. QUIE. Lastly, have you read the "Opportunity Crusade"? Mr. KELLY. Yes, sir. Mr. QUIE. And theresidential skills center portion of it? Mr. KELLY. I am sorry. That is one aimed at the military. Mr. QUIE. The residential skills center would be the transfer of the Job Corps. Mr. KELLY. Yes, I am sorry. I had the two confused. Mr. Qun~. The residential vocational schools. Mr. KELLY. Yes. Mr. QtrIE. What I would like to do is sit down with you and talk about the details which I gather you are referring to when you make your comments about the residential vocational school. Mr. KELLY. I would be delighted to talk to you, sir. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Gibbons. Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Kelly, I would like to compliment you on the way I think you have run the Job Corps. Let me say that, as you know, I have been sort of actively identified with that program. Many Mem- bers of the Congress speak to me about the program and I go out of my way to speak to them about the program. A year or so ago I was certainly getting a lot of criticism about the Job Corps but in the last year even though I have gone to Members and talked to them about the Job Corps, I found that the congressional attitude of the Members that have Job Corps centers in their areas has changed re- markably in the last year. I don't know what magic has been per- formed. Perhaps it is just getting over the growing pains but I think an excellent job has been done in the last year. Mrs. GREEN. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. GIBBONS. I would be glad to. Mrs. GREEN. I would like to join Mr. Gibbons in those comments. I think Mr. Kelly has done a remarkably good job as head of the Job Corps program. I would have to say that in one case that was explosive he moved in as quickly as anybody could possibly and did a job as well as anybody could. Mr. GIBBONS. I think he has been marked by extreme candor and he has done a very fine job. Mr. KELLY. Thank you very much. Mr. GIBBONS. Can you tell me what you think the backlog of people is in the United States that would potentially need Job Corps type training? Mr. KELLY. We believe, Congressman Gibbons, that there are about 1.2 million youngsters in this country that need the Job Corps program. Let me point out one thing. We have been accused from time to time of kind of dragging kids into the Jdb Corps kicking and scream- ing. The U.S. Employment Service does the bulk of our recruiting and screening and they screen seven youngsters for every one they give us. They refer six other kids to other programs whether it be jobs, MDTA, PAGENO="0774" 770 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Neighbrohood Youth Corps, local vocational program or back to school. They screen seven for every one we get and six they refer to some other program so that we are not creamy. We are getting kids that really need this program and these are the toughest kids to deal with. Mr. GIBBoNs. I can certainly agree with you. As a Congressman I have been in the Job Corps Center and have pulled out personnel files on the enrollees, and as an American, I feel shocked and sad that we have that kind of people in our country, but I think you have done a good job. Can you tell me the size of your Washington staff? What is the size of the bureaucracy here, to put it plainly? Mr. KELLY. Here are the precise figures. Job Corps Headquarters, 204 professional and 98 clerical, 302 in the headquarters. The average grade is 9.9. in the 17 regional offices I have 110 professionals and 148 clerical and other for the total of 258 and the average grade is 7.2. In summary, there are 314 professionals, 246 clerical and others for the total staff 560, Washington, and seven regional offices. Mr. GIBBONS. Could you describe for me the work that is being done in the different types of experimental centers that we authorized and directed you to setup? I realize the whole Job Corps is experimental but we have some ex- perimental centers. Could you tell us what they are? Mr. KELLY. Yes, Congressman. Dave Gottlieb is really kind of the daddy of innovation from the Job Corps and I would like him to answer that. Mr. GOrrI~IEB. We have the Capital Project in Washington where we have young men and women. Mr. GIBBoNs. What company is there? Mr. KELLY. Westinghouse. The purpose there is to bring these youngsters to Washington. They are involved in on-the-job training in Government agencies in addition to going to school. It is through them that we have been able to develop a lot of your educational terms. In addition it is through them that we have been able to work with the Civil Service so that they are now going to lower the age of require- ment for testing from 18 to 16. It is going to help us to get more of our youngsters into productive employment. We have the Chicago project which is contracted to the Brunswick Corp. That is a para- medical training program where in a period of 90 days we have found that we have been able to train young ladies from the Chicago area and some from outside of Chicago to get jobs in the paramedical field. That is a saturation kind of training program. Mr. GIBBONS. This i~ a residential program. Mr. KELLY. Yes, it is. Then we have two conservation centers where we have developed an experimental program. At Liberty Park we are developing our general educational develonment test so that more and more of our youngsters can take the GED and attain the high school equivalency. The Poplar Bluffs development stage is to develop new kinds of teaching and counseling techniques. One of the things we plan on opening in a very short period of time in Washington through the Capital Project is a program where Job Corps members here in Washington will be teaching, using the Job Corps reading and math program to youngsters in the Washington area who are having difficulty in schools. The Job Corps men will become teachers for some of these youngsters. PAGENO="0775" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 771 We are going to be operating ~ halfway house probably in New York to learn more about the problems that some of our youngsters have once they leave Job Corps in adjusting to a new community. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Ayres. Mr. AYRES. After 8 years, Sargent Shriver, it is good to see that you are back at least once a year. Mr. SHElVER. Thank you very much. I am as always very happy to be here. Mr. Aii~s. I appreciate the problems that you have been through, but as we said the first time you were here, I guess we are both con- vinced now that some of the poor shall always be with us. Mr. KELLY. Well, no, I never was convinced of that. I feel that we can overcome the problem. Mr. AYRES. Well, I just have a couple of questions directed to Mr. Kelly. What is the average IQ of a Job Corps enrollee? Mr. KELLY. Let me respond by turning this over to Dr. Gottlieb who is my IQ expert. Mr. GOTrLIEB. We don't use the IQ test. Mr. A~s. What would be comparable? Mr. KELLY. We have done some comparable things and had an average which fell between about 65 up to 85. Then we found that that did not allow us to predict very much. We could not really tell from that distribution who could learn, who would have more diffi- culty, or anything about behavior, and so forth. Mr. AYRES. You have answered the question so that I can ask the next one. Do you coordinate your training with the jobs that are in short supply? Mr. KELLY. When we organized the program, Congressman Ayres, we did two things. We went to American industries and went to American higher education. We also worked very closely with the De- partment of Labor in terms of what they were projecting would be those areas of greatest need in terms of employment over the next 10 years. Our industrial corporations did the same thing so that what we are doing by way of training in our urban centers is an attempt to match the demand for jobs. For instance, we found out that in the Metropolitan New York ama there was a 50,000 shortage of short order cooks. That may sound absolutely preposterous but that was what the Labor Department said, that if they had 50,000 short order cooks they could place them in the Metropolitan New York City area at an average wage of $2.50 an hour. So up at Camp Kilmer we en- larged our culinary arts program or modified it so that we could train short order cooks. We did that in January of this year and are now turning out short order cooks from Kilmer and can place them any- where in metropolitan New York. There is just a terrible shortage. In tl~e case of electronic assembly we teach that at many of our centei~s, both rnen's centers and women's centers, and there is a great clernan~i. I have talked to a number of industrialists. As a matter of fact, I was talking to a president of a corporation that is involved in radio and television and he told me that in his corporation right now he has a shortage of 14,000 people in electronic assembly. He has 14,000 jobs that he can't fill in light electronic assembly. PAGENO="0776" 772 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. Ayius. That was the point that I was trying to bring out. With the caliber of individual that you have in the Job Corps, his ability to hold a technical job is very, very limited. It is true that we have approximately 3 million people unemployed in the country and about 3 million jobs going begging, but it is very difficult, and I am not criticizing anyone because it is a reality that it is very difficult, based on the IQ figures the doctor gave for you, to place many of these men in the technical jobs that are in short supply. Mr. KELLY. Let me say this: I think we are doing a very good job of doing that. We have gotten youngsters placed in jobs earning up to $16,000 a year. We have one of our youngsters who is working on the DEW Line. Mr. AYRES. I commend you but the overall picture is very difficult to see because, for instance, you cannot make a skilled mechanic out of a man with an IQ of 70. Mr. SHRIVER. If I could interpose here for just a second I think there are literally thousands of jobs in the United States that can be filled by people with an IQ approximately of the level of the Job Corps enrollees. Just as an illustration we have placed in the U.S. civil serv- ice in the last 18 months 3,500 people who are identified and known as being mentally retarded. They are very good at certain methodical tasks which would probably bore a more highly skilled person and there are literally thousands of jobs like that. Mr. AYRES. And speaking of those jobs that you have placed, are those patronage? Mr. SHRIVER. I wish they were. They are not. If I looked at it I am afraid I would find that all those mentally retarded children are Re- publicans. Excuse me, Congressman. You know, I don't really feel that way. The point I am really trying to make is that there is a large number of relatively low skilled jobs that we can't get people to take in America today and lots of these kids can do that kind of work. In addition, the very area that he was talking about electronic as- sembly, requires a great deal of acceptance of a routine type of work and the kids in the Job Corps are very good at that. Mr. Ayius. One last question. Based on the shortage of cooks that you spoke of in New York City one of the great shortages among the potential females of this country is household work, domestic maids. They are impossible to secure in many areas. Mr. KELLY. That is a dead end job in my judgment, Congressman. I don't think we want to train young women to become domestics. Mr. Amiss. Well now, just a mom,ent. Mr. KELLY. I said in my judgment, Congressman. Mr. ATnu~s. It is a very well respected profession amongst many people. Chairman PERKINS. The gentleman's time has expired. Mr. Ayiu~s. I will yield at that point. Mr. SHRIVER. I would like to point out there, Congressman, that what Mr. Kelly and Dave Gottlieb are attempting to do as a whole is to bring people into the kind of work where they see some poten- tial for human development. He calls the Job Corps a human re- newal program. It is possible to go from being a household domestic to being the man or woman in charge of the household department PAGENO="0777" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 773 at the Waldorf Astoria and we like to get people into that kind of tract but he does not think he should be using the taxpayers' money to prepare people for a job where there is no future except at that level provided the person has some capacity beyond that level. Mr. ATi~ns. I just close by saying that I don't want to get into a discussion of this or argue the point but we have an awful lot of people, Sargent, that have come to this country who were proud to start at that level. Mr. SHRIVER. There is no problem about them starting at this level and he wants them to start at that level too provided they can go beyond that level. That is the only point he was attemp'ting to make I am sure. Mr. KELLY. As a matter of fact, Congressman, that is the way my father started. He came to this country as an immigrant and went to work on an estate as a lawnman. Chairman PERKINS. Let me inquire of the committee. I have been informed, Sargent Shriver, that because of the censure resolution you will not be requested to appear in the Senate before Tuesday. Mr. SHRIVER. You say you just heard that. Chairman PERKINS. We have been advised by the Senate. Mr. SHRIVER. You are ahead of me as usual. Chairman PERKINS. With that in mind, if there is no objection I would like to go on here until about 1 o'clock and then recess an hour and come `back at 2 and maybe run until about 5, if there is no objec- tion, and have no hearings tomorrow. Mr. Ariu~s. Off the record. (Discussion off the record). Mr. GIBBONS. May I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Chairman, to clear a iioint which I think has gotten fuzzy here. I think, Mr. Ayres, we are training people in the type of work that you are thinking about but perhaps we have gotten into trouble with definition. For instance, at the camp in California operated by Litton Industries there is a very fine program with a large number of enrollees for jobs in the area of maintenance of small apartments and `small buildings and even working garage buildings, and I was impressed with the type of training those enrollees were getting. Let me say these people were not highly motivated or skilled and perhaps you would classify them as low IQ people `but we are training them for those practical kinds of jobs. I think that there is some confusion here. That is the only observa- tion I would make. Mr. KELLY. What Congressman Gibbons just said is correct. I think that is the `only training program of its kind that exists in the United States, a formal training program in building maintenance where people are trained to work within large apartment complexes to do the kind of thing that maintenance workers in those buildings have t'o do and that is being done at Camp Parks. Mr. SHRIVER. That is what the people in the past called janitors. They learn how to wax' the floor and clean the windows and clean venetian blinds and tidy up. That was a phrase that used to be popular, tidy up the house. Learning to do that janitorial, buil:ding custodial work and to care for Camp Parks, is, as Sam Gibbons says, a well attended and popular program. PAGENO="0778" 774 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GIBBONS. And lawn maintenance and everything imaginable, even including basic plumbing, electrical work, clean1flg rugs, and all the complicated things that come about in the modern home. Mr. Ayin~s. I know what you are talking about. I rented an apart- ment once and talked to the janitor abo'ut renting it and went ahead and rented it and said, "Whom did I pay my rent to?" He said, "You pay ittome." Mr. SHRIVER. I bet he was a Democrat. Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Chairman. Sargent Shriver and Mr. Kelly and Mr. Gottlieb, I would like to take the opportunity to compliment all of you on what I consider to be one of the finest presentations before this committee that I have been privileged to hear. I especially compli- ment you on the fact that you seem to have all the information at your fingertips and have been extremely candid with the committee. I think that this is a very good thing for the committee. Having said that I would first like to clear up something which I think is kind of hanging here. I will direct my question to you, Dr. Gottlieb, if I may. As an educator, and one who is interested in the results of education and in the job you are doing would you say that polls are very acceptable forms of research to determine the effect of programs. This is in relation to~ the questions and statements of Mr. Goodell. Mr. GOTTLIEB. I would say that a survey, a poll that is done on a methodology that is acceptable, that is not biased and really covers a sample of all the people, if that is done right you can make projec- tions from that as well as you could if you were to involve much larger numbers. I might also add that we don't count or depend on the polls alone and that is why we have s~t up an evaluation system that allows us to look at each and every youngster before he comes into Job Corps and what happens to him while he is in the Job Corps. Mr. MEEDS. Isn't it true that surveys, polls of people who have been in programs are being employed by private industry, by educational institutions to determine the effectiveness of their programs. Is that not true? Mr. SHRIVER. That is right. Mr. MEEDS. So that if you people hire the Harris or some other poll or survey team to go out and make surveys with regard to people that have been through your program this is a very acceptable method of researching the effect of your program. Mr. SHRIVER. That is right, sir. Mr. KELLY. May I add one thing to that. I would like to point out that the Harris surveys were stopgap. We were in the dark. We wanted to find out some things quick. All of that time we were developing a data system. Now we have that data system so that we can tell about every youngster that comes into the Job Corps and can tell you what happens ~o them in 6, 12, and 18 months after the Job Corps. We did not have that until the first of March so that in order to have some- thing we went to the Harris poll technique. Mr. GOODELL. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. MEEDS. I yield. Mr. GOODELL. For the record I would like to make sure that the ob- servations were not in any manner questioning the accuracy of polls. As a matter of fact I cited a number of the results. They were directed, PAGENO="0779" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 775 however, to point out that after 2 years, to get information on Job Corps enrollees who had left, the OEO was forced to resort to polls. This illustrates the failure to follow through in the Job Corps not- withstanding the amount of money spent on this program. That is the main point I was making. I was not questioning the accuracy of the poll itself. Mr. MEEDS. Perhaps we have some difficulty with the words sur- veys and polls but I was merely tryin.g to point out that the use of this was a very valid tool in research 2 years or 4 years or 6 years after a program has started and I think it will remain so. Mr. GOODELL. I agree. Mr. MEEDS. My next question is with regard to the overall question of vocational education versus the Job Corps as some people put it in this context. Don't we have a basic problem that if we were to try to cover the area that you are covering by vocational education as an institution that the concepts that we have for vocational education today would have to be considerably broadened to bring in many more social aspects, would have to be a much more rounded program than we have in any situation today? Mr. GOTTLIEB. Yes, sir. That is absolutely true. Mr. MEEDS. And if we were to serve the people that you are serving, the entire vocational educational program would have to be very considerably broadened and probably result in a duplication of the very type thing you are doing. Mr. GOTrLIEB. That is correct. Mr. KELLY. There is no question about that, Congressman. Mr. MEED5. So that when we talk about this from the vocational education aspect I am sure that you people would not disagree that we could do some things in vocational education and you could prob- ably do them in your own program with more money, more advanced vocational technical education, and that this would be good but it really would not reach, unless it were reprogramed, the type of people you are reaching today. Mr. G0TrLIEB. That is right, sir. In fact, we use our vocational train- ing in many ways as a motivating factor to get a youngster to learn to read, to communicate, to solve math and to motivate. When he has an opportunity to hold a welding torch and can really see the kind of progress that he is making, this does a great deal to motivate him in other areas. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Scherle. Mr. SCIJERLE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My first remark would be that it is extremely unfortunate that the material that we received the other day was not in our hands at an earlier date so that we could have time to read and enlighten ourselves more fully on its contents. Therefore, because of a limited knowledge that we have by hearsay, questionnaires, reading of newspapers, my questions in this 5 minutes of time will probably skip around a little bit and I will ask that you men answer as simply as possible, even a yes or no to some of my questions. My first question would be is the OEO paying a bounty of $25 to entice enrollees into the Job Corps program. Mr. KELLY. No, sir. Mr. SCHERLE. I have taken the liberty of reviewmg many of the questionnaires submitted by Congressmen to their constituents PAGENO="0780" 776 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 throughout the Tjnited States and I find from a summary of polls that about 75 percent of the American people would like to see the program eliminated upon its expiration date. Now, if you have done such a fine job of convincing the people why is it such that these people do not have the faith in the program that you are trying to convey? Mr. KELLY. I don't know, Congressman, where you get the 75 per- cent. I have never seen that figure. Mr. SCHERLE. I will gladly get you the questionnaires. Mr. KELLY. I was not privy to the questionnaire. It is interesting to note that your distinguished colleague from Oregon, Mr. Wyatt, had a poll taken in Astoria, Oreg., which is where our Tongue Point Job Corps Center is located and he inserted in the record on June 13 the result of this poll and he found that almost 70 percent of the Astoria residents liked the Job Corps and hope the Tongue Point Center will continue to train corpsmen or corpswomen in their area. Mr. Sci-JERLE. If I may give you one in retaliation, one from my fine friend, Mr. King from New York, where he has one where 86 percent of the people feel that this thing has not been as effective as contemplated by the directors of the OEO. Mr. KELLY. The thing I am trying to point out, Congressman, is that these are people who live right next door to a Job Corps center. They are not people merely on the street. Mr. SCTIERLE. Are they employed there? Mr. KELLY. No. Mr. SCHEItLE. I thought maybe they were looking for protection for their jobs. Mr. SHRIvi~R. May I interpose. Mr. SCHERLE. Yes. Mr. SHRIVER. I think you have made a very good point. We have not done a good job of explaining to the American people what the Job Corps is about.. What Mr. Kelly has been doing is run- ning a good program, not spending time explaining it. It is my fault that the American people have an incorrect idea about the Job Corps. It is also true that there has been a lot of malicious gossip and some lies circulated about the Job Corps. It is very difficult to keep up with the lies and I agree that it is my fault. not Kelly's. Mr. SOHERLE. I have heard that you are notorious for usurping time. Mr. SHRIVER. I always do that. That is one of my habits, taking time. Mr. SCHERLE. If I may continue I would like to quote from one of your appraisals of the Job Corps and I quote: The small area model's forecast of employment and the distribution of this employment projection among the occupational classes is certainly one area in which improvement is required. At present, basic employment is taken as exogen- ous input by the small area model. It then generates the households necessary to support this amount of basic employment. Then it generates the non-basic em- ployment to provide goods and services to these households and the households to provide these additional employees. In conclusion, it should be noted that the SCANCAP system has been exten- sively modified and greatly improved . . . SCANCAP is beginning to stimulate an urban community in a realistic way. It can be made into a useful tool for comparative program analysis in the near future. PAGENO="0781" ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 777 You mentioned something about retarded Republicans. I would say it is retarded OEO members who wrote this. Mr. SHElVER. That is Dr. Levine's handiwork and he has his Ph. D. from the University of Iowa. Mr. SCHERLE. If I may continue: Anti~poverty director Sargent Shriver and his lieutenants are spending mil- lions trying to find out what is wrong with the widely controversial program- apparently with few tangible results. We were talking about surveys and polls. You have spent up to date $7,788,000 to try and justify your program that apparently many men on your own staff do not quite understand themselves. It says: Very little is known publicly about this multi-million dollar aspect of OEO- and I take this to be- Chairman PERKINS. The time has expired. Mr. MEEDS. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman from Iowa be allowed to continue for 5 additional minutes. Chairman PERKINS. Is there objection. Go ahead. Mr. SOHERLE. It says: Congressional authorities in charge of anti-poverty legislation only recently have begun digging into this matter. They are uncovering much pay-dirt. Now, I would like to know according to your latest available figures just what benefits have actually been derived by Congress or by the public for your expenditure of $7,788,000 to publicize the OEO. Mr. SHRIVER. Congressman, if you could tell us what you are read- ing from or what the figure is that you are talking about we could an- swer it better. That figure, in other words, does not sound right. Mr. SCHERLE. That is right. I shall continue: One ornate report obtained by members of the House Labor and Education Committee, on a $82,522 "Analysis of Alternative Hypothetical Urban CAPs," has left them completely mystified. It's a conglomeration of unintelligible jargon, laffling references and citations, incomprehensible tables, charts, formulas and graphs, and pages and pages of mathematical equations-which would take an Einstein to fathom. Congratulations if he can understand it- Of the approximate 50 pages of the report, about the size of a telephone book, more than half consist of these bewildering hieroglyphics. Graphically illustrative of the perplexing nature of this document are the following extracts from the "General Conclusion :" Does anybody volunteer? Mr. SHRIVER. Is this what we paid $7 million for? Mr. SCHERLE. Would you like me to go on? Mr. SHRIVER. I don't want you to go on. Mr. SCHERLE. I don't blame you. Mr. SHRIVER. What is it that you are reading from so we will have an ldea? Mr. SCHERLE. I will jiave it entered in the record in its complete form. It is: "Congress Wants to Know * * *~~what you are doing with the taxpayers' money, a real good title. Mr. SHRIVER. What is it? Mr. SCHERLE. By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott. PAGENO="0782" 778 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 (Article in daily newspaper "The Nonpareil" of Council Bluffs, Iowa, follows:) OEO HAS BEEN SPENDING MILLIONS-CONGRESS WANTS To KNOW WHAT THE MONEY'S BUYING (By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott) WA5HINGT0N.-Anti-poverty director Sargent Shriver and his lieutenants are spending millions trying to find out what is wrong with the widely controversial program-apparently with few tangible results. According to the latest available official figures, as of June 30, 1966, the Office of Economic Opportunity, which administers the anti-poverty program, had spent $7,788,365 on scores of studies, analyses, assessments, inquiries and various other surveys-none of which appear to get at the real problems of poverty, such as training the unemployed and providing jobs for them. This $7,788,365 expenditure was out of approximately $2.3 billion voted by Congress for OEO up to that date. Unofficial and incomplete compilations for the current fiscal year indicate the rate of spending for this costly self-examination is running even greater. OEO's budget for this fiscal year is $1.612 billion-making a total of more than 83.9 billion since 1964 when this Great Society program was launched. STUDIES NOT PUBLISHED Very little is known publicly about this multi-million dollar aspect of OEO operations. OEO officials have said nothing about it, and the reports of these studies are not published. Congressional authorities in charge of anti-poverty legislation only recently have begun digging into this matter. They are uncovering much pay-dirt. Foremost among their findings is that a large percentage of these surveys and evaluations have all the earmarks of being boondoggles: funds dished out solely for the purpose of providing certain individuals, concerns, organizations and colleges with projects. Significantly indicative of this is the large number of Head Start studies of various kinds, as shown by the following partial list: $498,773 to the Educational Testing Service, no address given, for an "Evalua- tion of Project Head Start"; $262,369 to Lear Siegler Services, no address, for a study of "Administrative Services & Related Support for Head Start"; $533,256 to the same company for a survey of the "Organization and Teaching of Orien- tation Programs for Head Start Child Development Staff"; $58,000 to the Uni- versity of Wisconsin for "Study of Head Start Program." Also under congressional scrutiny are numerous costly studies with imposing titles but of no known value. Presumably reports were submitted to OEO, but few have reached the lawmakers. Illustrative of these projects are the following: $183, 666 to West Virginia University for an "Evaluation of the Community Action Program (CAP) for McDowell City"; $200,378 to the University of Ken- tucky* for an "Evaluation of CAP"; $106,670 to International Research Assn., no address, for an "Evaluation of Programs for Migrant Farm Workers"; $40,000 to Kirschner Associates, no address, for an "Evaluation of Small Business Development Centers." TAKE AN EINSTEIN TO FATHOM One ornate report obtained by members of the House Labor and Education Committee, on an $82,522 "Analysis of Alternative- Hypothetical Urban CAPs," has left them completely mystified. It's a conglomeration of unintelligible jargon, baffling references and citations, incomprehensive tables, charts, formulas and graphs, and pages and pages of mathematical equations-which would take an Einstein to fathom. Of the ap- proximate 50 pages of the report, about the size of a telephone book, more than half consist of these bewildering hieroglyphics. Graphically illustrative of the perplexing nature of this document are the fol- lowing extracts from the "General Conclusion :" "The small area model's forecast of employment and the distribution of this employment projection among the occupational classes is certainly one area in PAGENO="0783" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 779 which improvement is required. At present, basic employment is taken as exo- genous input by the small area model. It then generates the households necessary to support this amount of basic employment. Then it geneifflates the non-basic em- ployment to provide goods and services to these households and the households to provide these additional employes. "In conclusion, it should be noted that the SCANCAP system has been ex- tensively modified and greatly improved... SCANCAP is beginning to stimulate an urban community in a realistic way. It can be made into a useful tool for comparative program analysis in the near future. Maybe so, but there is no sign it has done so-as far as OEO is concerned. Mr. HARDING. Mr. Chairman, we just talked to one study that I rec- ognize out of the newspaper column which is the SCANCAP study of trying to stimulate urban community action. It is a model built by the Philco Corp. It is an attempt not yet successful to enable us to predict the effects of alternate measures. We have been criticized for not trying to predict. This is an attempt to use the techniques of systems analysis to do this job. It is technical. You can't do this sort of thing or simulate without technical inputs. We hired some of the best technical talents we could find on an open bid contract to do this. Mr. SHRIVER. That is the Philco Corp. work. Mr. HARDING. Yes. Mr. SHRIVER. That is a subsidiary of Ford Automobile. Actually what they are trying to do there is to use in studying our programs, the kinds of systems analysis that is used by the Defense Depart- ment, for example. When they are trying to figure out whether to build another submarine or another airplane they are trying to spend their money in the best possible way. Mr. SOHERLE. And you confer with the Defense Department on whether OEO should build submarines? Mr. SIIRIVER. Actually the Defense Department has come to us to confer about how to run their program which is similar to ours. Mr. SCJIERLE. You are joking. Mr. SHRIVER. No, believe it or not. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Dellenback. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This is a somewhat irrelevant inquiry I must confess, but as I look up and see in the audi- ence as many people as there are here, would you satisfy my curiosity in this regard? How many of the people in `the audience have ever vis- ited a Job Corps site? Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Chairman, would the gentleman yield? May I ask how many of the members of the committee have visited a Job Corps site? Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield briefly? How many of the people raising their hands are employed by OEO? Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Kelly, can you tell me how many enrollees the Job Corps has had since its inception? Do you have a figure on `this? Mr. KELLY. Yes, we have a figure. In excess of 70,000. Mr. DELLENBACK. You have a 75,410 figure? Mr. KELLY. You are looking at a chart I had here. Mr. DELLENBACK. Page 63 was the page. That is the total number of enrollees since the beginning of the program. Mr. KELLY. Tip to May 1 that is the total number of youngsters that have been in the Job Corps even if they were only in it for 1 day. PAGENO="0784" 780 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. DELLENBACK. Where do YOU consider the breaking point in the passage of time? You can have a youngster who comes in one day and is homesick and leaves. I don't think that is a fair measure as to whether he has gotten anything out of the Job Corps. What do you consider a break in time? Mr. KELLY. We have a number of indicators here. Mr. DELLENBACK. Just in time. Do you consider 30 days, 60 days, 90 days? Where do you consider your own break? Mr. KELLY. One of the charts that we looked at earlier indicated that the point between 6 and 9 months appears to be the point where the Job Corps enrollee has made the maximum gains. Mr. DELLENBACK. You are not really responsive. My question is, if we are to measure the effectiveness of the Job Corps as a program, at what point is it fair to begin to measure? How long does a youngster have to be in the program before in fairness you feel we ought to say, "This person has been in long enough so that we ought to consider him a dropout or whatever else we are going to measure." What is the time frame? Mr. KELLY. It strikes us from what we know now that the period 6 to 7 months is the period in which the youngster makes the most dramatic gains. Mr. DELLENBACK. That is not my question. My question to you is if we are going to consider how many dropouts, for example, you have in.the Job Corps program should we consider how many of the 75,410 did not complete the program or really do you consider I week or 30 days or 60 days as really not being a clear test because these people were predisposed not really to get anything out of the program? Where is the point? Is it 6 months? If they drop out in less than 6 months do you feel that is not fairly counted a dropout? Mr. K1~r~LY. There is considerable evidence that if a youngster stays in the Job Corps for 90 days he gets substantial benefits, that those benefits are more dramatic to him by the time he has been in 7 months. Mr. DELLENBACK. I remember the chart but let me go on if I may because time is going to run. How many of the 75,410 have remained past that 90-day period, if 90 days is your own period? Are you able to answer that one? Mr. KELLY. Yes. We have the material right here. Mr. DELLENBACK. While Dr. Gottlieb is getting that let me go on if I may. How many different industrial concerns do you have run- ning Job Corps centers? Mr. KELLY. We have a whole host of them. Mr. DELLENBACK. About how many? Mr. KELIJ~. We have about 21 industrial concerns. Mr. DELLENBACK. How many Jobs Corps centers do you have altogether? Mr. KELLY. 123, including the conservation centers which are run by the Departments of Agriculture and Interior. Mr. DELLENBAOK. How many are for men? Mr. KELLY. Ten men's urban centers and 92 conservation centers that are all men. Mr. DELLENBACK. So 102 are male and 21 are female, for women. Mr. KELLY. Female, yes. PAGENO="0785" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 781 Mr. DELLENBACK. You say of these 123 about 21 are run by industrial concerns. Mr. KELLY. All of the men's centers are run by industrial concerns except Gary, Tex., and that is run by the Texas Educational Foundation. We have a list here, on page 15 of your booklet. Mr. DELLENBACK. Can you give me a total, because time runneth? I wish there were an hour. Mr. KELLY. We have 123 centers. Mr. DELLENBACK. Twenty-one of these are women. Mr. KELLY. The time of the gentleman has expired. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Chairman. Mr. KELLY. I could provide it for the record. I have the list of all of the centers, both men and women. Chairman PERKINS. Without objection, so ordered, to be inserted in the record. (The list to be supplied follows:) 80-084 0-67-pt. 1-50 PAGENO="0786" URBAN CENTERS MENS and WOMENVS CENTER LOCATION ~ ~ Indiana Kentucky Utah Michigan Texas New Jersey Nebraska Wisconsin California Massachusetts Inc. Federal Electric Corp. Management Systems Co~ RCA Service Company Litton industries Inc. Rodman Training Center Inc. CENTER LOCATION CONTRACTOR Packard Bell Electronic Corp. Packard Bell Electronic Corp. Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority General Learning Corp. Training Corporation of America Philco-Ford Corporation Xerox Corporation YWCA of Jersey City RCA Service Company YWCA of Los Angeles Texas Educational Fou ndation Northern Michigan University AVCO Economic Systems Corp. National YWCA Burroughs Corporation AVCO Economic Systems Corp. Delta Education Corporation University of Oregon MEN'S URBAN CENTERS CONTRACTOR WOMEN'S URBAN CENTERS Atterbu ry B reck I nridge Clearfield Custer Gary Ki lmer Lincoln McCoy Parks Rodman Westinghouse Electric Corp. Grallex Incorporation Thiokol Chemical Corporation U.S. Industries, Inc. Texas Educational Foundation, Albuquerque Charleston Cleveland Clinton Excelsior Springs * Guthrie Huntington Jersey City Keystone Los Angeles McKi n ney Marquette Moses Lake YWCA Extension Omaha Poland Spring St. Louis Tongue Point New Mexico West Virginia Ohio Iowa Missouri ~klahoma West Virginia New Jersey Pennsylvania California Texas Michigan Washington Nationwide Nebraska Maine Missouri Oregon PAGENO="0787" JOB CORPS CENTERS February 1, 1967 Center Name - Eklutna (1) `Alpine *San Cartos * Kingman `Heber Winslow `Poston `Cass `Ouachita `Sly Park `Alder Springs `Fenner Canyon `Los Pinos `Oak Glen (1) `Toyon `Five Mite `Collbran `Fogusa Springs Kuko Head (1) `Mountain Home Cedar Flat `Cottonwood Marsing `Golcondo `Croix Orchard `Branchville `Comberland Gap `Great Onyx `Frenchborg `Pine Knot `Acadia Cotoctin `Welltleef Ojibway `Hooey `Lydick take `Isabella Chippewo Ranch `Poplar Bluff `Minga Activation Operating Date Agency 8/7/65 PS 9/30/65 BIA 1/12/66 BLM 8/7/65 PS 2/6/65 BIA 2/8/66 BIA 6/15/65 PS 2/6/65 FS 6/15/65 PS 6/10/65 PS 6/10/65 PS 7/26/65 PS 6/1/65 CRA 4/27/65 BR 4/13/65 BR 8/25/65 PS 5/15/65 BR 12/15/65 PS 5/15/66 HLNR 1(7/1/65 BLM 9/10/65 PS 6/15/65 PS 10/30/65 BR 6/15/65 PS 6/21/65 SFW 6/15/65 PS 6/20/65 NPS 6/15/65 NPS 9/10/65 PS 11/22/65 PS 3/2/66 NPS 1/6/65 NPS 4/30/65 NPS 12/6/65 PS 10/15/65 PS 3/9/66 SPW 1/12/66 PS 11/30/65 PS BIA 6/15/65 PS 11/1/65 SFW (1) State related center C ci C C H ci z H ci H tol H 0) C C) CONSERVATION CENTERS I Wisconsin McCoy Job Carps Center, Sparta; nperating contractor-RCA Service Corrpuvy (division at Radio Corporation of America) in conjunction with University of Wisconsin; capacity-1,100; opened-l 0/5/66 CENTERS FOR WOMEN, California `Los Angeles; operutivg controctor-~YWCA of Los Angeles; copacity-340; opened-6/11/65 towa `Clinton; a pernting con troctor-Generol [earning Curp. (educa- tional diuisiun uf Geverul Electric Cu. ond Time Inc.); capacby- 900; opeved-6/23/66 Maine `Poland Sprivg; operating covtractur-Avcu Economic Systems Corp. in cuupvrutiov with the University uf Maine; capacity- 1,130; upened-4/26/66 Michigan `Marquette; uperating cuntractur-Nurthern Michigan Uniuersity; copucity-300; upened-6/28/66 Missouri Eucelsiur Springs; operating contractor-Training Corporation of America (olliliote ut Westinghuuse Air Broke) in cunjunctiun vnittr the University of Missouri; copacity-385; opened- 3/8/66 Missouri `St. Louis; `operating contractor-Delta Education Curporation; capacity-600; opencd-t 1/16/66 Nebraska `Omaha; operating cuntractur-Burroughs Curporotiun; capac- ity-800; upeved-6/29/65 New Jersey Jersey City; operating cuntractor-YWCA of Jersey City in con: junctiun with Phitcu.Furd Corporation; capactty-650; scheduled to upev in March, 1 967. New Meuico Albuquerque; uperutivg contractor-Packard Belt Electronic Cor- poration; cupacity-340; opened-S/i 7/66 Ohio `Clevelavd; operoting controctor-Alpho Kappa Alpha Sorority; capacity-325; opeved-4/29/65 Oklahoma Gutlrrir; operotivg controctur-Philco.Ford Corporation; copac. ity-425; opened-i 0/20/66 Oregon Tongue Point (see Urban Centers far Men) Penesylnania Keystone Center, Drums; operating contractor-RCA Service Co. * (division of Radio Corporation of America); capacity-475; scheduled to open in March, 1967. Teoas McKinney; operating contractor-Texas Educational Foundation Inc. (state.spunsored(; capacity-600; scheduled to open in March 1967. West Virginia `Charleston; operutivg contractor-Packard Bell Electronic Cur. poration; capocity--300; opened-6/9/65 West Virginia `Huntington; operating contractor-Xerox Corporation; capacity -300; opened-i / 11/66 t4~r~~ sq.. ,if/kTt~,'t fr 5 Vx±~ )#r.SC A C.e~)TP/d ~, SPECIAL CENTERS DISTRICT OF ~Copital Center; operating contractor-Westinghouse Electric COLUMBIA Corporation; capucity-50 men, 50 women; opened-9/17/65 tLLINOIS `Chicago; operating covtractor-Brunwick Corporotioni capacity -50 (each three months); opeoed-9/1 2/66 State County Alaska Arizona Apsche Gila Mohove Navajo Navajo Arkansas Franklin Garlarrd California Eldorado Glenn Los Angeles Orange Riverside Shasta * Trinity Tuolamme Colorado Mesa Archuleta Hawaii Honolulu idaho Elmore Idaho Idaho Qwyhee Illinois Pope Williamson Indiana Perry Kentucky Bell Edmonson Menifee McCreary Maine Hancock Maryland Frederick Massachusotts Bornstable Michigan Gogebic Weuford - ::::ta ~:mL Sfoddard *._..vxo.in operafias Jan. 31, 1967 PAGENO="0788" State Canary Center Name Dicta Agency SIam County Crater Noire Duie A5nvc 4/15/65 BR Montana Deerlodge Lake Ravalli Nebraska Dawes Red Willow Nevada Ormsby New Jersey Hudson New Mexico McKinley Otero San Miguel Torrance Valencia N w Y k 0 I North Carolina Macon Swain Transylvania Anoconda `Kicking Horse `Trapper Creek `Pint Ridge `McCook `Clear Creek `Liberty Park `Mexican Springs `Eight Canyon `lona `Mountainair `Grants I q `Arrowood Oconaluftee `Schenck 3,15/66 1/17/66 1/12/66 12/6/65 12/6/65 9/15/65 1/9/67 8/10/65 3/7/66 9/27/66 4/13/65 4/29/65 5/5/66 2/1/65 10/15/65 5/i 8/65 95 BIA FS PS BR PS NPS BIA BIA ~s PS PS SFW FS NPS FS wyoming Natrono `Casper P t R' ~Vie ues (1 /24/66 Common' Juoaa Dine (1) wealth lGuayama (1) 1/9/67 of lArecibo (1) 1/4/67 Puerto Rio Gravde (1) Rico In operation on Jan. 31, 1967. ( a e e a e ccv e r~ KEY: PS-Forest Seriiice, Deportment of Agriculture BR-Bureau of Reclamation, Deportment of the Interior SFW-Boreau of Sport,Fishenies and Wildlife, Department of the Interior fI 6 Aft D D f th 111 BLM-Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior CRA-California Resources Agency NDPS-North Dakota Fork Seraice HLNR-Hawaii land & Natural Resources Deportment North Dakota Stark `Dickinson 6/15/65 PS Burteigh Ohio Lawrence Lucas Oklahoma Comanche LaPlore , Murray Oregon Clackamas Douglas Harvey Josephine Lincoln Tillamook Pennsylvania Forest South Dakota Dewey Lawrence Tonnessno Blount Sullivan Texas Walker Utah Carbon Davis Vermont Addison `Lewis & Clark (1) `Vesuvios `Ottuw `Treasure Lake `Hodgens `Arbockle `Timber Lake `Wolf Creek `Malheur `Fort Vannop `Angell `Tillomook `Blue Jay Smiftbird `B a Id `Tremont `J cob C e k `New Waverly `Castle Valley `Weber Basin `Ripton 8/21/66 6/15/65 2 1 66 11/22/65 4/20/65 11/15/65 8/20/65 4/13/65 6/14/65 8/10/65 4/28/65 2/1/65 4/20165 12 6 65 12/13/65 6 21 65 8/16/65 7/22/65 12/15/65 6/27/66 NDPS PS SFW SFW PS BR FS PS SFW BLM F5 BIM `5 BA PS NPS 95 FS BLM BR FS S URBAN CENTERS FOR MEN . Ca tfornsa Parks Job Carps Center, Fleasanton; operating cantractor- Litton Industries Inc.; copocity-2,300; opened-4/26/65 . Indiana Atter~ury Job Corps Center, Edinborg; operating cnnt:octn-~- Weslint~haose Electric Corp., capacity-l,600, opened- . Kentucky Brrck;nr:dge Job Corps Center, Morganfinld; operating con' traclor-Groflea Inc. (subsidiary of General Precision Equipment Inc.); capac:ty-2,000; opened-6/l/65 Massachusetts `Rodman Job Corps Center, New Bedford; operating contractor- ~ - Science Research Associates Inc. (IBM affiliate); cormacity-600; apened-R/16/65 Michigan `Custer Job Corps Cemnter, Battle Creek; nperating contractor- U. S. Industries Inc., in conionction iaittt Western M:chsgan Unt' aersity; capocity-l 400; opened-6/23/65 ` Nebraska Lincoln Job Corps Center, Lincoln; operating contractor-Mon. agement Systems Co. (affiliate of Northern Natural Gas Co.); capacity-l,t5O; opened-9/20/66 Now Jersey `Kilmer Job Camps Center, Edison operating coatroctar-Federal Electric Corp. (ITT affiliote( in conjunction with Rutgers IJni. versity; capacity-l 800; opened-2/ll/65 Point Job Center, Astoria; nperating contractor- VirgInia Wise Washington Ctaltam Ferry Grant `Flatmoods `l'leoh Bay `Curlew `Columbia Basin 9/15/65 6/15/65 6/1/65 11/1/65 FS BIA FS BR Oregon `Tongue Uniiersity of Oregon in conlunctian with Philco.Ford Carparation; .~ apened-2/l /65 (Being phased out as a men's center; ta be' come a women's center, with capacity for 600, in March 1967) Job Center, San Morcas; operating contractor- Lewis Yabima West Virginia Greenbrier Jefferson Wisconsin Bayfield Forest' `Cispus `Ft. Simcon `Anthony `Harper's Ferry `Clam Lokn `Blnckweli 6/15/65 5/15/65 8/10/65 4/15/66 11/3/65 1 2/8/65 95 BIA PS NPS PS PS Texas `Gary Corps . Texas Educational Foundation Inc. (state.sponsoned(; capacity- 3,200; opened-3/3/65 ...----` Utah `Clearfield Job Carps Center, Cleorfielcf; operating contractor-'- Thiabol Chemical Corporolion; capocity-l 350; opened- 10/4/66 Jan. 1967 `In operation Jan. 31, 1967 (1) State related center operation PAGENO="0789" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 785 Mr. GrBBONS. I ask that the gentleman have 3 additional minutes. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Gibbons, because while the Chair has the right to set time on this I must confess that I am disturbed because in some instances there is a strict adherence to the rule and in other instances not. Chairman PERKINS. Let me say to the gentleman that these wit- nesses will be here if you want to question them for an additional 20 minutes after all members have had their opportunity under the 5- minutes rule. It might observe that the gentleman rail about 71/2 or 8 minutes. Mr. DELLENBACK. Fine. Under the circumstances and on assurances that they will be here and we will have opportunity to question later. Chairman PERKINS. We are trying to be liberal. Mr. KELLY. Mr. Chairman, here is a list of all the centers. Mr. DELLENBACK. I will go on with the questioning at a later time, Mr. Chairman, so that the others may do some questioning this morn- ing. So long as I may question at a later time I will do it then. Let's let those question who have not questioned at all. Chairman PERKINS. If there is no objection the gentleman may pro- ceed for an additional 3 minutes. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Kelly, is there any tie between those industrial concerns which are running some of these Job Corps centers, between the skills that those centers are training for, and the skills that are involved in the companies that are running the centers? Mr. KELLY. Yes; there is. Mr. DELLENBACK. Is this a mandatory tie or is this a chance tie? Do I understand correctly that when you want a center in a given place you indicate these are possible skills for which you train and then the industrial concern bids on those skills that it is prepared to train for? Mr. KELLY. If I understand your question correctly, Congressman, you asked me first if there is a tie between the industry, the industrial concern and its products and what it teaches at the center. Was that the first question? Mr. DELLENBACK. That is part of it. Mr. KELLY. That is correct. For instance, the Packard Bell Corp. from California operates two women's centers. They are in the tele- vision business among other businesses and one of the things they teach at both Albuquerque and Charleston is light electronic assembly. Mr. DELLENBACK. Is there any history of those concerns employ- ing any substantial number of the graduates or those who find work at the center? Mr. KELLY. Oh, yes; yes. Mr. DELLENBACK. Do you have records on that? Mr. KELLY. Yes, we do. We can provide it for the record. Mr. DELLENBACK. Can you give us those, please, for the record. Mr. KELLY. Yes. As a matter of fact, our industrial concerns have been doing better and better in this regard in terms of employing the people that have been trained within the Job Corps. We have made a rather hefty push on them in this respect. (The information to be supplied follows:) PAGENO="0790" 786 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 CORPSMEN EMPLOYED BY CONTRACTORS AND MEMBERS OF THE BUSINESS LEADERSHIP ADVISORY COUNCIL The following data has been collated from the computer printout of March 27, 1967. This is taken from sample of 10,000 job placements. Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc__ 2 Kaiser Industries Corp 2 American Telephone and Tele- Litton Systems Inc 10 graph 2 Northern Natural Gas Co 1 Avco Corp 1 Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp~ 1 Burroughs Corp 6 Packard Bell Electronics Corp__ 7 The Detroit Edison Co 2 Pepsi Cola Co 10 The Dow Chemical Co 1 Philco Corp 2 Eastman Kodak Co 1 RCA Service Co 2 Federal Electric Corp_ 3 Science Research Asso., Inc 5 Ford Motor Co 34 Texas Educational Foundation_ 9 General Electric Corp 19 Thiokol Chemical Corp 3 Grafiex Inc 9 University of Northern Michigan__ 2 Humble Oil & Refining Co 1 University of Oregon 2 IBM 15 Western Electric 6 U.S. Industries Inc 6 Westinghouse Electric Corp~___ 20 ITT 6 YWCA 1 Johns Hopkins University 1 Totals: 32 Firms; 192 Corpsmen/Corpswomen. Mr. DELLENBACK. Because I am searching for information and not seeking to ask trick questions in any wise let me indicate to you now that I would like this afternoon to inquire of you a little bit further amplification on this point you made about domestics because I would like to know, Mr. Kelly, whether there are other jobs which you con- sider terminal besides this. What do you consider within the scope of what the Job Corps ought to train for and jobs that you feel it ought not to train for and then, secondly, I would be very much in- terested in your telling us this afternoon what you can about ripple effect from this. We know when we deal with educational problems that we are not dealing with the direct impact but ripple impact. Mr. KELLY. Yes, sir. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Gardner. Mr. GARDNER. Mr. Chairman, I am sorry I was not here to hear Mr. Kelly's statement concerning the Job Corps. I would like to direct my question to Mr. Shriver. It would be a pretty broad question concern- ing policy of OEO on political activities on the part of any employee. I am quite concerned about the possibility of various OEO programs, and we will I hope get into one later day, community action, being involved in the political activities of a local community, and I would like for Mr. Shriver, if he would, to try to briefly give me his interpre- tation of areas where OEO employees could participate in politics. Mr. SmilvER. The statute under which we operate brings under the provisions of the Hatch Act all OEO employees, so that it isn't what I think. It is what the Hatch Act requires that covers the activities of OEO employees in Washington or outside of Washington. In addition to the provisions of our statute which bring the Hatch Act into force with respect to our employees, we have issued admin- istrative documents from our agency particularly through the com- munity action end of our agency circumscribing and delineating the ban against partisan political activity. PAGENO="0791" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 787 Mr. GARDNER. Hold it right there if you would, please, on the word "partisan." Mr. SHRIVER. I would like to say that the same kind of regulation existed administratively under VISTA. Mr. GARDNER. You mentioned the word "partisan." What would be your interpretation of the municipal election for the mayor's race where you have two individuals speaking out on two different separate platforms? Would this be nonpartisan or partisan? Mr. SHRIVER. It is not my definition of what is partisan. It is a ques- tion of what is defined. Mr. GARDNER. What is your interpretation as far as OEO is con- cerned? Mr. SHRIVER. If the local election is described and billed and adver- tised as a nonpartisan election, I would assume it is a nonpartisan election. Mr. GARDNER. Just out of curiosity, what would a Democratic pri- marybe? Mr. SHRIVER. This is Donald Baker, the General Counsel of our agency. Mr. BAKER. The word "partisan" as interpreted in the Hatch Act by the Civil Service Commission relates to one of the national parties and an election or campaign related to or identified with a national party. There are a great number of municipal elections, not infrequently State supreme court elections and others, in which individuals are not identified by labels of a national party stripe, and those cases are not interpreted by the Civil Service Commission as coming within the coverage of the Hatch Act, with the sole exception that even though legally an election may be nonpartisan, from time to time it does happen that one or the other or both of the parties will get so in-j volved- Mr. GARDNER. Who determines whether it is nonpartisan? Mr. BAKER (continuing). And people get so identified- Mr. GARDNER. Who determines whether or not it is nonpartisan on the part of your organization, OEO? For example, if it is a commu- nity action program, does the head of your local organization deter- mine whether the election is nonpartisan? Mr. BAKER. I think if an election is nonpartisan by local law, the Civil Service Commission-and they are the experts-normally would interpret it as being nonpartisan unless, as I say, one of the individuals in the party got their foot into it so heavily that they have ignored- Mr. GARDNER. Would you repeat that again, please? Mr. BAKER. What I am saying is that in some elections it has been known to happen in municipal elections in the country, which are by definition and local or State statute nonpartisan, that one or the other of the parties has gotten so involved and individual contestants so identified with one of the parties that although the word nonpartisan was on the ballot, that it becomes, and the Civil Service has identified in individual cases a particular election as taking on the aspects of a partisan, but that is not normally the case. Chairman PERKINS. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. GARDNER. I yield. Chairman PERKINS. I am confident that where it is apparent that the law has been violated by some employees, the Office of Economic PAGENO="0792" 788 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Opportunity certainly wants to see the law complied with and will not endeavor to uphold any employee that has made an outright violation. Mr. GARDNER. Would the chairman yield at this point? Chairman PERKINS. Of course if there is something involved of a nonpartisan nature that a further determination has to be made, I don't think OEO would want to prejudge this situation. Mr. GARDNER. Would the chairman yield at this point? Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mr. GARDNER. Would you think that the OEO wo&d be willing to cooperate with the Education and Labor Committee if there was some possibility that a violation did exist? Chairman PERKINS. Certainly OEO would be willing to cooperate. If there was some flimsy charge that they knew was flimsy. I doubt that it should be dignified by too much consideration, but if there is something where there is a question in the minds of reasonah'e people, I know that OEO would be willing to cooperate. However, I might observe, not necessarily with respect to the matter with which the gen- tleman from North Carolina mentions, that many of the comp'aints concerning the war on poverty have been dignified beyond all propor- tion to the real suhst.antative good which a particular component is producing. Mr. GARDNER. Would the chairman yield again? Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mr. GARDNER. I will tell you ouite briefly, if you would allow me the time, of an experience I just had with Mr. Shriver and the OEO con- cerning a community action in Durham, N.C., which I intend to bring up later. I called over askin~r for a copy of an OEO investigation report con- ducted in Durham, N.C., and was told by Mr. Shriver on the te1enhone that this thaterial was not available to a Congressman. I asked him if it was available to a member of the Education and Labor Committee and was told no. Mr. Shriver later stated that the OEO acted like the Federal Bureau of Investigation in that this was secret information. Mr. Chairman, I think we are treading on very dangerous grounds when I feel that we have very legitimate grounds in a community action program that could set a national precedent and a Member of Congress calls asking honestly for information to back up a report, and he is given this type of answer by OEO. Chairman PERKINS. Let Mr. Shriver comment on your statement there. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Chairman, what I told the Congressman was this: From the beginning of OEO, and I think nearly all the Federal agencies have had a similar department, we have an inspection de- partment which prepares reports which involve lots of extremely confidential information about people and situations. Reports of this type from OEO, as from other agencies of the U.S. Government., are considered executive branch documents. This is not a. policy peculiar to OEO. That is No. 1. No. 2, I told the Congressman that with respect to the election that was bothering him, an election in Durham, N.C.- Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield? Chairman PERKINS. Let Mr. Shriver answer. PAGENO="0793" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 789 Mr. GARDNER. Not only bothering me, but bothering a number of leading citizens in this community who have contacted me. Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead. Mr. SHRIVER. I didn't mean to imply it was only bothering you. It may be bothering everybody in Dñrham. Mr. GARDNER. I think it is. Mr. SHRIVER. I am not trying to minimize the people who are bothered about the election in Durham. All I am trying to say with respect to that particular election, is that the election was billed and advertised as a nonpartisan election. The Civil Service Commission a few years ago made a finding that the municipal elections in Durham are nonpartisan elections. If an OEO employee, for example, an employee of a delegate agen- cy of OEO were involved in some partisan political activity, we take the case and refer it to the Civil Service Commission or we take ac- tion ourselves where there is a violation of the Hatch Act or of our own regulation, and we have done that on a half dozen or more oc- casions nationwide, and we most recently called upon the Civil Serv- ice Commission to look into the case of a State technical assistance di- rector who had made what we thought was a partiasn political speech. This man happened to be a Democrat and a very promiment one, and the case was referred to the Civil Service Commission and this man was reprimanded for what he had done. I tried to say these things to you on the phone yesterday. First, our investigations in Durham- Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield ~? I have all this in the letter from Mr. Shriver. chairman PERKINS. We don't know. Mr. GARDNER. I mean to make it part of the record. Chairman PERKINS. Put in the record. Go ahead. (The letter referred to follows:) OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, - EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, Washington, D.C., June 15, 1967. Hon. JAMES C. GARDNER, House of Representatives, Washingt cm, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN GARDNER: Thank you for your letters of June 14 and 15, with the enëlosed report of John R. Buckley. As I indicated to you during our telephone conversation, this Agency bad sent its own Inspector to Durham, North Carolina, to review charges of illegal po- litical involvement of employees of Operation Breakthrough, a Community Ac- tion Agency funded by this office. Our investigation revealed that no Federal law, Civil Service regulation or OEO regulation was violated by Operation Breakthrough or any member of its staff. We have reviewed the report of Mr. Buckley and found nothing in it that would indicate a violation of Federal law, Civil Service regulation, or OEO regulation. WTe find the instructions William R. Pursell, Executive Director of Operation Breakthrough, issued to his staff regarding non-involvement in prohibited po- litical activities an accurate reflection of OEO's policies. As I indicated to you in our telephone conversation, it is permissible under this Agency's legislation and regulations for Community Action programs to engage in voter registration drives. I am sure you know numerous civic organizations including the League of Women Voters long have been engaged in insuring that all eligible Americans are registered so that they may exercise their choice on election day. Operation Breakthrough employees conducted such an effort. PAGENO="0794" 790 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 In regard to the matter of Operation Breakthrough employees participating in political activities on election day, both our Inspectors and Mr. Buckley found that these activities occurred on their own time. The automobiles that were used to transport voters to the polls were the private property of those employees who were engaged in that activity on their own time. The Civil Service Commission as Mr. Buckley indicated in his report ruled in 1955 that Durham Municipal elections were non-partisan. A flier uistributed in Durham before the election contained the following text: * "Attention Republicans Democrats and Independents! This Saturday's Muni- cipal Election is Non-Partisan! Every registered Citizen of Durham can vote re- gardless of party affiliation !" As you indicated in your letter to me you, too, believe that a non-partisan election "very likely would not be considered a violation of Chapter 15, Title V, U.S. Code." OEO CAP Memorandum 50-A specifically states in outlining the explicit in- structions on political activity on the part of CAP employees the following: "Certain non-partisan political activities are permitted. These are activities in connection with campaigns for office which are run on a non-partisan basis and are of a strictly local character-that is, completely unrelated to issues and candidates identified with national and state political parties." I am frankly surprised that because we disagree about existing OEO policies that you suggest that my disagreement has "been mOtivated by partisan politics." This Agency, in the nearly three years of its existence, scrupulously has en- forced all regulations governing political activity on the part of its staff or any staff member of any Agency covered by our regulations. In those isolated in- stances where we have uncovered such activities, we have acted on them promptly whenever they were substantiated without regard to any political party involved. For example, in 1965 our Inspectors uncovered an instance in Carlinville, Illi- nois where young men and women, ineligible because they did not meet income requirements, were enrolled in a Neighborhood Youth Corps program after re- ferrals by local Democratic political leaders. The program was cancelled by the Neighborhood Youth Corps. In the summer of 1965, our Inspectors uncovered a similar case of ineligibil- ity because of income in Kansas City, Kansas, which included also referrals by local political figures of ineligible enrollees who were found on the payroll. Neigh- borhood Youth Corps froze the funds of this project and negotiated an agree- ment with the city to repay the Federal Government for the cost of ineligibles in the program. More recently, this Agency instructed the United Planning Organization in Washington that an employee of a delegate Agency was in violation of OEO regulations, because that employee was also the head of a local Democratic political organization. The employee resigned after UPO told him he could not hold the job and the political office. In April of this year, our Regional Office reprimanded the Director of a State Technical Assistance Office for making a partisan political speech and imme- diately referred the case to the Civil Service Commission. Incidentally, these cases were reported fully in the daily press at the time they were uncovered by this Agency, and we took action. Furthermore, I don't believe the suggestion that our actions and statements are motivated by "partisan politics" is consistent with the fact that the Re~rional Director, who supervises and is responsible for programs in the Mid-Atlantic Region which includes Operation Breakthrough, is affiliated with neither major political party. He is an independent voter. Finally, this Agency this year has allotted more money to states governed by Republicans than to states governed by Democrats. I assure you that we shall continue to pursue vbzorously any allegation of improper activity, political or otherwise, that is prohibited by our Act and our regulations. When we find such improper activity, we will in the future as we have in the past, order prompt remedial action regardless of the political label of those who are involved. Sincerely, SARGENT SHElVER, Director. PS-Incidentally, you appear still to believe that I denied the facts in your investigation. I said that our investieation, conducted at the request of Coneress- man Galifianakis, did not show any violations of our Act or our rerulations. PAGENO="0795" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 791 Mr. SIIRIVER. I was just trying to say that our investigations which were completed over 2 or 3 or 4 weeks a~o involving this particular municipal election in Durham did not disclose any violation of the Hatch Act or of our own regulation. I further pointed out as I said just a minute ago that the Civil Service Commission had determined these municipal elections in Durham to be nonpartisan, and they were so advertised so that there was no violation of our rules or of the Hatch Act. If the question arises as to whether the election in fact, because of what Mr. Baker was saying a minute ago, actually was a partisan elec- tion, that is a determination which the Civil Service Commission makes. They are called upon to do that. Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. SHRIVER. We would be delighted to have them look into it. All I was saying yesterday was that we had made an investigation which did not disclose any partisan political activity. Mr. GOODELL. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. GARDNER. Yes. Mr. GOODELL. Without going into the details of that particular situa- tion, it disturbs me that you put so much emphasis on whether it is partisan political activity or the definition of that. As I read section 603(b) of the poverty law, it says: * * * or resulting in the identification of such program with any partisan political activity or any activity designed to further the election or defeat of any candidate for public office- and the latter clause- any activity designed to further the election or defeat of any candidate for public office- is completely independent of- Chairman PERKINS. That is the language used in the Hatch Act? Mr. GOODELL. No, this is the language in the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, section 603(b), and I would be troubled if it is the inter- pretation of OEO that any activity is all right if it is not partisan in the sense of participating with Democrats against Republicans or Republicans against Democrats. It seems to me that the language of the law is considerably broader than that. Mr. SHRIVER. What I was trying to say is that we are trying to follow the Hatch Act and the rules of the Civil Service Commission with respect to the conduct of Federal employees, and of course our own statute, and that is the job of the general counsel. What we have done is to enforce this uniformly across th~ country. I am embarrassed to say that most of the cases have been against Democrats rather than Republicans, but we have done it. All I am trying to say is we have made exactly the same sort of investigation in this election as we have made on dozens of other occasions. Our investigators may have been wrong, but they didn't find any violation of the Hatch Act or of our regulations, or, let me say, of the law. They may have been wrong, but I was trying to say that that is what we have found. Mr. GOODELL. My concern is to keep the record clear here. If it were found that community action workers were identified with a candidate PAGENO="0796" 792 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 for mayor of Durham-worked for that candidate and identified with the program for that cafididate-not as Republicans or Democrats, candidates as I understand both were Democrats, and it was looked at as a nonpartisan contest, would you feel that it is proper to fund this type of operation because it didn't involve "partisan activities"? If that is your interpretation, it would cause considerable consterna- tion. Mr. SHRIVER. Congressman, I don't work on the interpretation of the Hatch Act in local situations. I am familiar with this because Congressman Gardner brought it up yesterday. The General Counsel would be more qualified than I on that. Mr. BAKER. I think there is a difference between a person employed by a community action agency or some other agency, private, non- profit, engaging in an activity or using the Federal support or paper, secretarial service, what have you, using their position in effect for a partisan political purpose or for any political purpose, and that in- dividual engaging in activities outside on their own time with their own money. Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield briefly? Mr. BAKER. I think, as a matter of constitutional law, I cannot conceive that the courts of this country would find sufficient legitimate connection between a person's employment in a Headstart program as a teacher employed by St. Mary's Church or even the public school system and their engaging in a nonpartisan election- Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. BAKER (continuing). Such that the Congress could or intended to cut off outside activities. You are eliminating a constitutional right with no justifiable- Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. BAKER. Yes. Mr. GARDNER. Could you visualize that the court might interpret an employee of a community action program actively passing out litera- ture at an election polling place on election day, marking the ballot to support one individual candidate, carrying voters to the polls, would that concern you any? Mr. BAKER. Sure. If it's on their own time- Chairman PERKINS. The gentleman has been questioning for 16 minutes. Mr. GARDNER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. I think no one can accuse me of not being liberal with the onposition. Mr. Steiger. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Kelly, would it be possible to procure a copy of the Caine report? Mr. KELLY. I am sorry, sir. What report? Mr. STEIGER. The Caine report. Mr. KELLY. The Glenn Caine report? Mr. SHRIVER. That is Professor Caine at Wisconsin. Yes. Mr. KELLY. Absolutely. * Mr. STEIGER. The half hour is up for the information Mr. Quie requested. * Mr. SHRIVER. Here it is right here. Mr. STEIGER. Thank you. PAGENO="0797" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 793 Do you have any information, Mr. Kefly, as to how much it cost to prepare either the appendix or the report on the Job Corps operation? Mr. KELLY. The information was all prepared by people on the pay- roll. We didn't hire anyone. Mr. SHRIVER. Do you mean how much it cost to print it? Mr. STEIGER. The cost of time and printing? Mr. KELLY. $2,600, I)r. Gottlieb `tells me, it cost to print the appendix. That is 300 copies and will be used both here and in the Senate. Mr. STEIGER. Just the appendix? Mr. KELLY. Yes, the big book. He says the other one is $2,100. We can get you the exact figures. Mr. STEIGER. For how many copies? Mr. KELLY. For 300 copies, enough for both House and Senate hearings. Mr. STEIGER. That is just the printing cost? Mr. KELLY. That is right. Mr. STEIGER. That does not include time? Mr. KELLY. No, it doesn't include time, but the people that worked on this report, Congressman Steiger, are ordinarily engaged in that busi- ness. They are the people who run our data system. They are the people who are our financial managers. They are the people who are involved in tracking Job Corps data. That is what they are employed for. Mr. STEIGER. It is my understanding from my visit to McCoy and my subsequent visit to both the Job Corps centers for women at Charleston and Huntington, W. Va., that the men's Job Corps centers operate on the basis that you require the Job Corps graduate to return to his home community? Mr. KELLY. That is not correct. About 30 percent of our kids have been mobile enough not to return to their community. Mr. STEIGER. You have no requirement that they shall return to their home community? Mr. KELLY. No, sir. Mr. SHRIVER. I think some confusion came up about that in Wiscon- sin because Congressman Vernon Thomson asked me the same ques- tion, and somebody had the impression that we had such a rule, but I explained to him several weeks ago that there was no such rule. That must have been in a paper in Wisconsin. Mr. STEIGER. That was based on talking with Mr. Mills in which they said that this was a part of what they wanted them to do was to return to their home communities. Mr. KELLY. We have absolutely no rule that says that, Congressman Steiger. Mr. STEIGER. And you do not have a requirement for women Job Cores graduates to ret.urn to their home communities? Mr. KELLY. No, sir. Mr. STErnER. Perhans you might wish to follow up and discuss this question with the McCoy Job Corps Center because that would be in conflict with what I learned at the time I made the visit. Mr. KELLY. I most certainly will because somebody has a mistaken impression because, first of all, we can't require these youngsters, once they leave the Job Corps to do anything. They are free citizens. It is a voluntary program. PAGENO="0798" 794 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. My general counsel says it actually would be unconsti- tutional if we attempted to do something like that. Mr. STEIGER. I would have a feeling it might be. Mr. SHRIVER. We don't do it really, honest. Mr. QUIE. Would the gentleman yield? Mr. STEIGER. Yes, I yield. Mr. QUIE. Did you ask for the Caine. report only or for the reports that I had asked? Mr. STEIGER. I only indicated that the half hour was up and I won- dered whether the reports that you requested had arrived. Mr. KELLY. We asked somebody in the back of the room to run downtown and get them. I thought a half hour, but apparently my timing was not as good as it should have been. Maybe traffic is heavy. Mr. QUIE. I am not fussy about time. Tomorrow is plenty of `time. I just didn't want anybody to gain the impression that this report handed to Mr. Steiger was the report that I ha.d asked for. Mr. SHRIVER. No, he asked for the Caine report, Professor Caine from Wisconsin. Mr. STEIGER. From talking with some of the Corps girls at Charles- ton and Huntington, they informed me that they were told that they should report to the Job Corps Center by phone. Is this standard prac- tice that you call the prospective enrollees to inform them of the Center to which they will be assigned? Mr. KELLY. Oh, yes. In the case of girls and of men, too. In the case of men, most of the recruitment is done by the Employment Service. In the case of women the bulk of that up until recently was done by an organization called WICS, Women in Community Service. Once the girl has been screened and the place where she is going is identi- fied, it would be perfectly in order to have the screener call her and say, "Come on down and pick up your ticket. You are going to Hun- tington." Or Charleston or Poland Springs. Mr. STEIGER. Do you have any idea what the phone bill is? `Mr. KELLY. It's a local phone call since the screening is done locally. If the girl is from Albany, N.Y., the screening would have been done in Albany, N.Y. Mr. SHElvER. Actually, Congressman, it would be cheaper than hir- ing a secretary to type the letter and putting a nickel stamp on it. I don't have any A.T. & T. stock, but really it is cheaper. It costs a dime to call at the most. These ar~ just local calls, calling somebody to tell them to report. Mr. KELLY. Because the screening is done locally. We don't have somebody in Albany screening girls in Kankakee. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Scherle. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Chairman, I woUld like to have the consent to have this editorial printed in the record, under the remark, that truth is truth no matter where it is printed or who wrote it. Chairman PERKINS. Could you identify the article as to from what statement? Mr. SCHERLE. Yes, Mr. Chairman. It is the "Nonpareil" in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Chairman PERKINS. Without objection it will, be inserted in the rec- ord. PAGENO="0799" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 795 I see no other members here now. The members present have had a chance to interrogate the witnesses. The committee will recess until 2 p.m. (Whereupon, at 1 p.m., the committee recessed, to reconvene at 2 p.m., the same day.) AFTER RECESS (The committee reconvened at 2:35 p.m., Hon. Carl D. Perkins, chairman of the cormnittee, presiding.) Chairman PERKINS. The committee will come to order. A quorum is present. Mr. Kelly, before we proceed it has been mentioned that of the enrollees coming out of the Job Corps one out of four are not being able to obtain employment after receiving the training and that one out of 10 never get any assistance through the Job Corps in obtaining employment. Do you care to comment on that statenient? FURTHER STATEMENT OP SARGENT SHRIVER, DIRECTOR; AC'- COMPANIED BY BERTRAND H. HARDING, DEPUTY DIRECTOR; WILLIAM P. KELLY, DIRECTOR, 30B CORPS; DONALD M. BAKER, GEI~ERAL COUNSEL; ROBERT A. LEVINE, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, RESEARCH, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND EVALUATION; AND DAVID GOTTLIEB, ASSISTANT TO 30B CORPS DIRECTOR, OFFICE OP ECO- NOMIC OPPORTUNITY-Resumed Mr. KELLY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let me say this: That, going to the last question first, one of the extraordinary things I think that happens to a youngster in the Job Corps is that he gains the kind of self-confidence, and he gains the kind of wit that we have actually in excess of 30 percent of our youngsters on their own, and I think that speaks for the kind of training these youngsters get. Dave Gottl'ieb has the total statistics I think on both those ques- tions, Mr. Chairman. `Dr. GOTTLIEB. Six out of 10 enrollees who leave the program find placement through the U.S. Employment Service or one of their of- fices; three out of 10, as Mr. Kelly indicates are able to find employ~ ment or placement for themselves; and one out of 10 is placed through their Center. In response to the question that the training does not appear to be related to the kind of placement they ffnd, about 40 percent do take the first job in a field related to their training. For those who do not there are two explanations. One is, as Mr. Kelly indicated in his testimony earlier, a major problem we face is that with the 16- and 17-year old it is difficult for him to find em- ployment for the kind of training and kiiad of ability he has. Secondly, we have found through surveys `and interviews with many employers that one of the most important things to them is not the specific vocational skill the youngster possesses, but his work attitude: Is he reliable'? Is he responsible? Can lie read? Can he write? `Can he communicate with others? This is an important area, and, as was also pointed out earlier, the response from the employers has been extremely favorable. PAGENO="0800" 796 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. Kmi~. As a matter of fact, Mr. Chairman, I would like to submit, if I may, for the record some of the comments we have gotten from a whole host of employers that have employed Job Corps men and women. For instance, the Hiline Paper Co. in Renton, Wash. The president of that company said: Wish we could get eight more as good as we got from VISTA. That is our Job Corps Conservation Center in Randle, Wash The manager of the Sunset Ridge Count~ Club in Winnetka, Ill. said: I am extremly satisfied with Job Corps boys from the rob Corps. The whole government would have to fight me to get those boys out of here. * Those youngsters are working as groundkeepers and gardeners and landscapers. I have comments from the personnel manager of the Standard Oil Co. of Cleveland; Gestetner Corp., Yonkers; Cleveland State Hospital; Birsall Motors, Victorville, Calif.; a whole host of them; and if the committee would be interested in seeing what some of the employers think about these lads I would be delighted to present it. (The information referred to follows:) [For release May 28, 1967] E~iPI~oYERs PLEASED WITH JOB Conrs YOUTH "S. is doing fine as a keypunch operator. Send me 50 more." This was the comment of one employer in a sampling of comment about a new group of employees being hired by American business-the young men and women who have had Job Corps training. The enthusiastic comment by Harry Healey, personnel director, Blue Cross, in Boston, was echoed by other employers. For example: Hiline Paper Co., Renton, Washington, Bruce Retinscke: "Wish we could get eight more as good as we got from Cispus (Job Corps Conservation Center, Randle, Washington.)" Sunset Ridge Country Club, Winnetka, Illinois, Clarence Watson, manager: "I am extremely satisfied with boys from Job Corps, and the whole government would have ot fight me to get these boys out of here." Since the program began in January 1965, thousands of young men and women have obtained jobs as a result of the education and work-skill training of Job Corps. Many others were able to improve themselves so that they could pass the entrance examinations for the Armed Forces, which they couldn't do before. Still others received sufficient motivation from the Job Corps to return to school. William P. Kelly, Director of Job Corps, said more than 50,000 young men and women have been placed in jobs, school or the Armed Forces since the inception of the program. "We know that we cannot achieve success with every young man and woman who comes into the program," he said. "But it is heartening to know that about seven out of every ten are benefitting from Job Corps and have been started on the road to a worthwhile future. "It is also gratifying to hear the reactions of businessmen about former Corpsmen and women who now are on their own in the world." Some of the sample comments received from employers: Standard Oil Co. of Ohio, Cleveland: "If Miss P. is in any way indicative of your training and the type of student Job Corps can produce, then you are to be commended. You are doing a very necessary and excellent job." Skyline Sport Shop, Vancouver, Washington, D. W. Bennett, owner-manager: "He has done very well, and at present is receiving within 50~ an hour of what top union mechaniscs are receiving in our area. He is always on the job on time and has never lost a day's work since he started, without first getting permission. B. started work in our shop on October 19, 1965. We are pleased to have him as a member of our crew." PAGENO="0801" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 797 Gestetner Corporation, Yonkers, N.Y., Donald Von Prude: "We have hired quite a few and those who stayed have been quite satisfactory and more than satisfactory. We've had favorable comments on several and two have moved into sales." Cleveland State Hospital, Leslie Mugford, personnel director: "Miss C. has been employed at this hospital since June 1966. She has received three pay increases and has passed the State Civil Service examination. She is doing a very fine job." Birsall Motors, Victorville, California: "Birsall Motors has hired three Corps- men and is very pleased with their services. They have proven to be reliable and dependable. Birsall recently sent one of them to an air conditioning school and has given him a $50 a month raise. Birsall feels that Job Corps training is very helpful." E. F. Hauserman Co., Cleveland, Leo J. Passe, director of personnel relations: "Mary has been employed here for approximately six months. Without her Job Corps training Mary would not have been employed. She is doing well and is well liked by her co-workers." IBM, San Jose, California: "IBM presently has 25 Parks (Job Corps Center, Pleasanton, California) graduates employed and in general is quite satisfied with them. We feel that Corpsmen make good employees and are comparable to em- ployees from other sources. We have found the Corpsmen, in general, have a very good attitude toward their work and learning." Raytheon Co., Bristol, Tennessee, P. W. Hickie, personnel director: "Margaret has been employed since January 3, 1967, and has demonstrated above-average initiative and is above average in her attitude. She has maintained the required efficiency and adapts to new jobs easily." St. Margaret Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas, James Welch, director of person- nel: "J. is doing quite well and we are well satisfied with her progress. Her job knowledge is good, her relationship with co-workers is excellent. She is neat in appearance and anxious to cooperate with co-workers. If you have other trainees from the Kansas City area and they are anything like J., I would like to hire them." Webster-Wolfard Ford, Oregon City, Oregon, Bob Francis, service manager: "He is rated very highly around here. He had excellent training, gets along well with all the fellows in the department and we made no mistake in hiring him." Maryland Cup Co., Baltimore, Mr. Clifford Paul: "Boys have done fairly well. We are satisfied." Met-Pro Corporation, Lansdale, Pennsylvania, Donald V. Roberts: "The boys we have are well adjusted and have improved on their job. They are thought of highly by their co-workers, too." ITT Cannon Electric, Los Angeles: "We have eight Job Corpsmen on the pay- roll. They are working out very well. They are very conscientious workers and in many cases they are more conscientious than the regular employees." Ampex Corporation, Redwood City, California: "Ampex has hired ten Corps- men, of which, one was fired because of poor attitude and inability to profit from instruction or criticism. The nine still working have good attitudes and are doing acceptable work." Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, Illinois, John C. Meyers, employment man- ager: "We have employed a total of 11 Corpsmen. Two of the Corpsmen left us on their own volition, seeking other employment either in the Peoria area or elsewhere. In one case I'm sure it was homesickness. Our experience with the people we have employed has indicated that they are making a good adjustment in their work situations. We have found that they have been cooperative and are interested in improving themselves beyond the skills they brought to us. They are making a good account of themselves in terms of the quality and quantity of workmanship. By and large, we are satisfied." Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Indiana, Gerald Rubin, employment super- visor: "Job Corps graduates currently on our rolls have demonstrated good work abilities and habits, but have distinguished themselves primarily in terms of their attitudes towards the work situation. Their immediate supervisors feel that we have in these two graduates two individuals who will make a career of their Inland employment, who are most cooperative and industrious, and reflects only credit on their previous training in the Job Corps." 80-084 O-67--pt. 1-51 PAGENO="0802" 798 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 National Restaurant Association, Chicago, Bert Hamms, training director: "We are happy to advise you that the original group of 16 boys that we received from Job Corps, and who participated in a complete six weeks vocational training course, have all been placed in food service positions in Chicago and suburban areas. In review of the Corpsmen in their positions, all of the employ- ers, as well as all fellow workers, show complete satisfaction with their ability and their eagerness to learn." TJni Royal Inc., Joliet, Illinois, John J. Heys, personnel division supervisor: "Our experience in employing and utilizing Job Corps graduates has been excel- lent. As a group the Corpsmen have made a steady progress and in some cases have received promotions. Those hired as maintenance helpers have been given intensive training and are progressing basically on the foundation which they received at the Job Corps center. Their attitude has been excellent and they have impressed me with their cooperation and willingness to abide by company rules and policies, and their desire to succeed. They have intense loyalty to the Job Corps and show a determination to make good so that the road might be easier for other graduates. We have hired two more graduates in recent weeks and are presently making plans for the testing and screening of additional Job Corps placements." Texas Instruments, Inc., Attleboro, Massachusetts: "We have but one regret in hiring John. We wish we hired ten more like him. John has been doing an impressive job both on and off the job. He is extremely well regarded and mixes very well with his associates. His performance on the job is entirely favorable and his work record considered above average." Mt. Desert Island Hospital, Bar Harbor, Maine: "The hospital is favorably impressed with the work, attitude, and sociability of former Corpsman R., employed as a hospital custodian." Fred Harvey Co., Grand Canyon, Arizona, Jim Kneller, personnel manager: "For good honest labor they are fine workers. They seem to be better behaved on and off the job and we don't have near the trouble with Corpsmen as we have had with those from other sources." Grand Union Bakery, Stratford, Connecticut, A. DuBac, manager: "Very satisfied with Corpsman. Job Corps gave him a good fundamental training in cooking and baking career field." Bendix Corporation, Eatontown, New Jersey, Stanley R. Chase, advertising manager: "Corpsman hired in advertising department is doing a very good job in sign painting, layout, black and white and offset reproductions. His art train- ing and background given him by Job Corps was very helpful and will permit him to progress rapidly." Northrop Norair, Hawthorne, California, Fred Briscoe, employment repre- sentative: "Norair has hired two Corpsmen as warehousemen, shipping clerks. One has a rating of very good inititiative, quality of work, cost consciousness and safety habits are rated as good. The other Corpsman showed very good in job knowledge, quality of work, dependability and quantity of work. He received a good rating on initiative, attitude, safety and cost consciousness. Both men are receiving $2.80 an hour." Arkansas-Oklahoma Gas Co., Ft. Smith, Arkansas, Mr. Pierce, personnel department: "He is working out OK. No problems that we know of, good worker. We have him installing gas lights." Almay Research & Testing Corporation, Los Angeles, Harry S. Brenner, presi- dent: "I am most impressed with the background and training she has brought to our company by virtue of her exposure to the Job Corps. Considering her age, the practical experience she has gained has aided immeasurably in our own operations, and I would say has contributed to the rapid progress she has made in terms of being productive." Chairman PERKINS. Before we go on further with the testimony, there has been some mention made about the material back there in the rear of the room and the cost of that. Do you care to comment on it? Mr. KELLY. First of all let me identify what we have back there, Mr. Chairman. We have some of our basic curriculums in reading and mathematics and in communication. That material was developed spe- cifically by the Job Corps for use in the training and teaching of dis- PAGENO="0803" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 799 advantaged youngsters. The man who is largely responsible for its development, the guy that oversaw its development, was Dave. Dave, would you like to comment? `Dr. GOTTLIEB. Yes, sir. As Mr. Kelly indicated earlier in his testi- mony, some 58 different school systems have requested and are cur- rently using some of the materials that have been developed by the Job Corps in addition to the Air Force training command which is utiliz- ing the math and reading program for its Project 1000. These are some of the byproducts of the Job Corps. These are samples of exactly the type of materials that are found in our Centers. I think one of the exciting things about it is this: That if there is a school system today in this country that is going to train disadvantaged youth, if it has a problem of remedial reading, or math, or counseling, or prevocational training, they do not have to start from scratch. They do not have to invest money in research and development. Those materials are now available and are available to them for that kind of job. We certainly hope members of the committee will be over to take a look. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Shriver? Mr. SHRIVER. I thought, Mr. Chairman, somebody wanted to know what `that material cost and I was just asking him what it cost. Mr. KELLY. I would have to provide that for the record because it has been developed over a period of 3 fiscal years. (The information referred to follows:) JOB CORPS-SUMMARY OF CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT COSTS, FISCAL YEARS 1965, 1966, 1967 1965 $2, 995, 000 1966 1, 468, 000 1967 1, 800, 000 Total 6, 263, 000 Curricula development costs also include costs associated with the continuing review and evaluation of Basic Education and Vocational Education programs and for the revision or development of materials requiring improvement. Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield? Going back to your state- ment a moment ago that you hoped we would look at some of this material, I have had a chance quite briefly to review several of your pamphlets. I assume these are both Job Corps pamphlets. Mr. SHRIVER. No; those are science research pamphlets. Mr. GARDNER. What are these used for specifically? Dr. GOTTLIEB. These materials were developed to be used in pro- grams related to the world of work and specifically to get across to really youngsters who have had problems in understanding the whole concept of work, the whole concept of language and communication, the kinds of things that are involved in the dignity of work and some of the problems of work. Mr. GARDNER. May I read for the record out of one of your publica- tions? It is quite hard for me to follow how you could build up con- fidence in an individual to work. I think I quote from pamphlet 1: Being bored is like being poisoned. PAGENO="0804" 800 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 The fourth paragraph states: Being bored is like being poisoned. Who needs it. If a job is anything it makes you feel like somebody. If it doesn't it is not worth it no matter what they pay you. Is this the type thing that we are telling the young people who are coming out of the poverty areas, that if you don't happen to be ab- solutely satisfied with the job who needs it? Dr. Goa~mIEB. Let me try to explain that the idea of that program has been to show a youngster that even what is perceived as a boring job, if he looks at it as something that he is investing his time and his energy in it can be something that is exciting and it is dignified regardless of the kind of work that it might be or what others have said to him about that job. Mr. GARDNER. You know, this sounds very good, but there are not very many exciting, glorious jobs that I happen to know of. Most jobs are hard work, and I think it is a very alarming thing to read this type statement. I would also like to make reference to your pamphlet 3. Here we are involved today with riots going on throughout every major city in the United States, including Boston, and here you have a pamphlet going back and describing what a Mr. William Anderson says is a situation that happened in World War II in North Carolina in which you refer to a cop. A police officer I believe he is normally known as, but you refer to him consistently through this as a cop and in your question and answer period at the end of it you say: "The man who was hit by the cop was," A, B, C, D, "The man who was hit by the cop." It looks like to me with the problems we are having in some of the poverty stricken areas in our large cities that this type thing, the degrading of a police officer, is a very dangerous thing. `Dr. GOTTLIEB. Congressman, if I might respond to that, those are a series of reading materials that were developed by 20 famous con- temporary American authors. Mr. GARDNER. Who reads this material? `Dr. G0rPLIEB. For those youngsters who can read they read them together and discuss them with their guidance counselor. The use of the word "cop" is because many df these youngsters don't even know what the term "policeman" means and their experience has been such that anything that indicates law enforcement brings out a great deal of resentment and hostility on their part. If I might just take a moment further since we are talking about something dealing with law enforcement, on page 34 of the booklet you were given, it shows a comparison of arrest rates in America for youngsters between the ages of 16 and 21 and compares them with youngsters in the Job Corps between the same ages. I think you will find that the arrest rate generally runs far lower t1~an that which is occurring in the 16 to 21 population in this country. Mrs. GunEN. Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mrs. GREEN. May I ask how we are going to proceed this afternoon and are we going to try to finish today or are we going over until tomorrow and how many people are to be heard on other parts of the program? PAGENO="0805" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 801 Chairman PERKINS. We will call on Sargent Shriver to introduce the directors of the other phases of the Office of Economic Oppor- tunity and I understand we are going to VISTA. That is my sugges- tion immediately. We will not hold any meeting tomorrow. We will convene at 9:30 a.m. Monday, to consider title V of the higher educa- tion bill including the Teacher Corps. Immediately thereafter we will get back with the presentation of Sargent Shriver on the Economic Opportunity Act Ai~iendments of 196'T. Now, Sargent, how do you want to proceed? Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, a further question. How are you going to proceed? I think there are a number of further questions with reference to the Jobs Corps. Do you prefer we withhold and let him make a total presentation of the question subsequently on the various points? We have been operating up to now under a 5-minute rule. It is impossible to go into any depth or breadth or for witnesses to be complete in their answers or for us to present a complete question under the 5-minute rule. We all agree to that. But we also agree we have to have a 5-minute rule to protect some of the people with less seniority to get any chance to question at all the first time around. I know the Chair wants to have ample questioning and probing of all of these programs. It doesn't make any particular difference to me which way we proceed. Chairman PERKINS. 1 know the gentleman from New York wants to probe deeply in connection with the Job Corps. Are you in a posi- tion to get back to the Job Corps later this afternoon? If so, we will present VISTA at this time and then we will go back to inte1~rogation. Mr. GOODELL. I would be glad to have them go ahead and present VISTA if that is what you prefer and come back to the Job Corps either this afternoon or Monday. I do have an engagement at 5 o'clock with the White House fellows. They have invited me to the Brookings Institution to meet with them at 5 o'clock and I wouldn't want to have to miss that. Mrs. GREEN. Would the gentleman yield? If we heard from the other departments and then later brought just one back at a time would that conserve the time of the people who are to be questioned instead of having everybody appear today and all together, and then come back to the Job Corps in some depth? Mr. GOODELL. I think I would be glad to go along with whatever is most convenient to Mr. Shriver and his assistants and to the members of the committee in their questioning. I do understand from the chair- man that next week we are going to continue with the Office of Economic Opportunity so they have a full presentation before we get to other witne~ses and that we will have ample opportunity to question before we get to other witnesses. Chairman PERKINS. That is correct and because of the new members on the committee we will have in depth hearings. Undoubtedly we will want to recall witnesses. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Chairman, may I also ask this in connection with this same line of inquiry? I know that it was the chairman'& PAGENO="0806" 802 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 intent initially that after certain testimony which we would take as a full committee as we are doing today, you are going to establish a subcommittee consisting of certain nai~ed individuals. Is that still your intention, or will those of us who will not be on that subcommittee also have a chance to inquire in depth at a later time? Chairman PERKINS. I regret to think that the gentleman from Ore- gon or any other new members on the full committee would fail to attend any of these hearings. All members will have a right to inter- rogate to the same extent that any of the members have. Mr. DELLENBACK. May I say for the record at this particular time that frankly as a new member I don't want any of my remarks to be interpreted as implying that the chairman has been anything less than fair on this matter of inquiry and certainly my remarks this morning were not intended to express any opinion on my part that as a general rule the chairman has not made every effort to give the new members a chance for inquiry, and I am merely seeking to be sure that as we go forward with this very important type of inquiry that all of us do have a chance to interrogate. Chairman PERKINS. I think it is very important for all of us to realize that to accommodate all the members, both the majority and minority, the minority will on occasions have to cooperate with the Chairman and there may be occasions where we may want to stay here at night just in order to give you the opportunity. Mr. DELLENBACK. We are particularly glad today when we see that the balance of attendance between the majority and minority side is as favorable to the minority as it is. We hope that this augurs well for the future. Mr. GObDELL. May I ask the indulgence of the Chair and my col- leagues to complete for the record a couple of points which I understand were covered by testimony on the Job Corps. I have a number of other questions I will withhold until we get an opportunity later. Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead. Mr. GOODELL. It seems to me for the sake of clarification there are some points which should be made now. I regret that when some answers were given to comments I made earlier I was not here. I was back at 2 o'clock and waited for 35 minutes. I was outside talking to radio people when you started. I don't blame anybody, but I regret that I wasn't here to hear some of the comments. First of all, let me make one thing clear. The questions that were asked this morning, as well as some of the comments that came from the witnesses, would indicate a misapprehension of what the Oppor- tunity Crusade proposes with reference to the Job Corps. Que~tions were asked. `Wouldn't the vocational skill centers miss the hard core? Wouldn't this completely miss the people that need it most if we put them all in vocational skills? Another question asked was how long would it be before you could get residential skill centers underway, suddenly switching to residen- tial skills centers instead of Job Corps. None of those questions is pertinent, to the proposal we are making in Opportunity Crusade. We would transfer immediately the jurisdic- tion for the Job Corps to `the vocational education office in HEW. That PAGENO="0807" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 803 would be immediate. This would not mean that your Job Corps camp or center would be disbanded or closed. It would not mean that there would be any immediate requirement for State matching or funding. `The residential skill center program, like the Job Corps, would be funded 100 percent by the Federal Government. The impact of the transfer would simply be that the vocational educa~tion people here in Washington would take charge of this program. There would be some requirements for them to begin a phasing over or transition for the next 2 years under the vocational education system. They could continue to run existing camps or centers if they so desired. They would have the option of opening new camps or centers, consolidating or changing their location where it is felt the location or other aspects of existing Job Corps camps or centers are ndt workable. They would be given a requirement that over the 2-year period they strive, wherever possible, to consolidate the training for Job Corps type enrollees with community training centers, and with existing area vocational schools. This means that you would not have a camp or a Corps or a center exclusively for those who were poor, for those who had been rejected and needed special help. They would be combined with a variety of other trainees in vocational schools. I think it is important to recognize that we are not proposing that we suddenly disband the Job Corps, close up all the camps, and lose the value of `the~ $150 million or $200 million capital construction that has gone into them. We are proposing that we begin immediately a phasing over so these programs are coordinated with vocational education, so the pro- grams for the poor, the Job Corps enrollees, are integrated, if you will, combined with other types of training facilities. Now, I would like to ask one question in this ~connection of Dr. Gottlieb. Do you, as an educator, Dr. Gottlieb, think that it is desirable to have so-called rejects from society isolated in a camp alone, all go- ing to that camp together so that everyone who goes to the camp is considered a so-called reject and needing this special help? Do you think it is preferable that they be mixed in with other types of trainees? Dr. G0rrLIEB. I think that first of all, while the vast majority of youngsters in Job Corps certainly have educational problems and oc- cupational problems, that you have others who have had a little more experiences, who have had a little more benefit, and there tends to be some kind of interaction and input with others who have had some- what of a better background. In addition, it isn't really fair to say that theory is isolated because they have staff members who live with them continuously, who have an opportunity to counsel them, to work with them, on a continuous basis. They are also very much involved in all kinds of community activities in nearby centers, in nearby communities. A variety of Job Corps youngsters have basketball games with local high school youngsters. They have joint student councils where they meet and talk with the others. The other thing very simply is my reac- tion is that the Job Corps was established particularly to work with the most disadvantaged and the deprived and those who could not benefit from any other program, and that is exactly the kind of thing it has been doing. PAGENO="0808" 804 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GOODELL. You have nicely avoided answering my question. You said they are not isolated and went into a number of details of things that they do. I used the word "isolated" in the sense that they are go- ing to a camp or a center that is designed exclusively for them. Mr. KELLY. That is right because they haven't any other place to go, Congressman. That is the reason they go to these centers. Mr. GOODELL. That is irrelevant at the moment. What I am talking about is the alternative. Which is preferable? A ~t.rong case may be made for sending them to a center which combines facilities for train- ees, a technical institute perhaps, a variety of other type training pro- grams for `the nonpoor. As an adjunct of that you would have training center programs for these so-called Job Corps enrollees. The question of disbanding the Job Corps is a scare term. We are not even proposing that we disband its operations. We are saying we ought to combine them. Chairman PERKINS. Will you yield to me? Mr. GOODELL. I would like an answer. Chairman PERKINS. Yield to me at this point. Mr. GOODELL. I yield. Chairman PERKINS. I think it is very pertinent to your hypothetical question that you include the fact that when these youngsters are re- cruited through the various offices they are screened by competent counselors who are trained and then they are then placed in the Job Corps camp that most nearly conforms to their particular needs. Mr. GOODELL. May I say to my beloved chairman, for whom I have the greatest respect and reverence, that. that also is irrelevant to the point I am making. The screening has nothing to do with the point I am making. Here is what I am talking about, and I would like Dr. Gottlieb as an educa- tor to tell me which is better: Is it better to have a. facility where they are mixed altogether, or is it better to have a facility exclusively for them where they are set apart, a special program all for them and no- body else? Dr. GOTTLIEB. Let me say this, Congressman: If there is a way not to penalize any of these youngsters or cut down the number of very poor who we take and they would still be included, it would seem to me that one of the things we just might want to explore in fact on some kind of an experimental basis, is to see what happens when you add youngsters who come from perhaps a better background. My major concern is that we do nothing that takes away what I perceive as the little we have to work with, the population which we are trying to work with to do this job. Mr. GOODELL. I appreciate that answer. Let me say to the gentleman we don't have to do it on an experimental basis. The gentleman must be aware of a number of State vocational schools that are doing this, and doing an extremely successful job, where a training center com- bines technical institute training at a college level all the way to a graduate level, all the way down through to your so-called rejects, at the level of the Job Corps. These training centers operate very effec- tively, and when the so-called Job Corps enrollee graduates from such an institute, he is a graduate of a prestigious institution with stature. If he moves fast enough they can adjust to his ability and his de- velopment and put him into other programs for other trainees. You PAGENO="0809" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1987 805 can get a tremendous flux in a school of that nature~ Some of them have been not merely successful, but excitingly successful. That is basically what the opportunity crusade proposes be done to the Job Corps; phase it over so we are no longer sending them out into camps all alone. We propose making them a part of a community training facility. Did you have a comment, Mr. Kelly, you wanted to make? Mr. KELLY. Yes. All I wanted to say, Congressman, is that we believe the Job Corps works. The second thing is that all of us as taxpayers understand that we have finite resources. They are not infinite. The whole purpose of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 was to help people. One of its provisions was to help poor kids between 16 and 21. I am just concerned that if now we do not concentrate exclusively upon the poorest of the poor in this age bracket that somehow or other the resources that were aimed for them will go somewhere else as hap- pened so many times in the past and this population will again fall into neglect. Mr. GOODELL. You make a wonderful public relations statement- wonderful-with which I cannot take any dispute wh~tsoever and once again it is totally irrelevant. I am amazed. I hope before these hearings are over you gentlement are going to take the time not just to scan the opportunity crusade but to read it carefully. We are not proposing that we take Job Corps money and fund con- struction or facilities for nonpoor; not at all. We are saying that the Job Corps money that is spent should be spent in an area where you can have an integrated facility, a combined facility, where they don't have to be isolated. For the other trainees you will go right on funding the way you do now. We have a landmark area vocational education system, with area residential training centers and area residential schools provided for, both State and private, combined with Federal. That is entirely separate from this. What we are saying is add to the 100 percent federally financed the kind of facilities these youngsters need. When you come back to me with an answer, "Well, we are so concerned that you not eliminate, we don't want to spread any of this money elsewhere from the Job Corps," you are just missing the whole point. Mr. KELLY. Let the record be clear. I mentioned this morning at the request of Congressman Quie that I would be delighted to talk to him ab2ut the crusade. Mr. GOODELL. I am glad you would be delighted to talk .about it. I hope you will study it before we go much further with your comments about it. Chairman PERKINS. Will the gentleman from New York yield? Mr. GOODELL. Yes. Chairman PERKINS. I would like the gentleman from New York to tell this committee where all these vocational schools with all the facil- ities are situated. There is not a vocational school in the country that is not over- crowded and has a long waiting list. PAGENO="0810" 806 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GOODELL. As the gentleman is aware, and the gentleman~ didn't have the opportunity to sit in on many of our Vocational Education hearings this year, but we had some very impressive testimony from vocational educators-and the gentleman is one of the strongest ad- vocators of vocational education-telling us what they have done under the landmark legislation that you and I and a lot of the others on a bi- partisan basis helped to write and put into law in 1963. Now, there is tremendous growth in this area. They are building all over the country. Chairman PERKINS. I will agree with you there is tremendous growth, but it is my contention we don't have any overlapping con- flict because we need both. Mr. GO0DELL. I think, Mr. Chairman, and I won't belabor this point-we can come back to it-but for the record, I think we should be talking about the real proposal that is being made by the Republi- cans here, by Mr. Quie and me, not some scare term that we are going to eliminate all the Job Corps camps, or all the facilities that can per- haps help these people. My dispute with you, Mr. Kelly, is not very gr2at. I think you, since you took over as Job Corps Director, have done a magnificent job in moving this program toward what many of us felt. it. should have been in the first place. You have tried to institute many of the reforms that were suggested by us 2 or 3 years ago. They should have been instituted 2 or 3 years ago; And I respect you for that, but I do believe the vehicle that you have to work with is wrong, is ineffective, and inefficient, and will not do the best job for these youngsters. Coming back to a couple of other points, I understand, and I wasn't here to hear it, that there was some comment about a figure that I used that only or less than one-quarter of those working who are graduated from Job Corps camps say they are using Jobs Corps training. Was this figure disputed? Or did you give some other additional- Dr. GOTrLIEB. I am not sure where your figure came from, sir. Mr. GOODELL. It came right out of the Harris poii. I have the poll before me, and the statement was quoted right out of the Harris poll. Dr. GOr2LIEB. The data and the estimate that we have is four out of 10 youngsters start jobs where their training that they received in the Job Corps center is related to the starting job that they have. Mr. GOODELL. Fine. There you are again. Did you have more? Excuse me. I didn't mean to interrupt. Dr. G0rrLIEB. We also pointed out in response to that question that many employers have told us that the basic thing, the major thing, and this may reflect on your concern with vçcational training, is not the specific vocational skill that a youngster has, but the work atti- tudes and his work behavior: will he come to work on time? Does he know how to deal with a customer and his fellow employees? Can he write? Can he read? Can he communicate? Mr. GOODELL. I agree 100 percent that the Job Corps facilities or whatever facilities we have should try to provide this kind of thing for these youngsters and that it is very imnortant, but if that is all they are providing then I think this committee is concerned that we PAGENO="0811" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 807 aren't really reaching them with some skilled training that they can use to get productive j ohs for the long term. You can live just so long and having people be nice to you because you are dressed will and because you get there on time. Just that is not going to see very many of them through for very long. They want to be able to move productively up the ladder. Dr. GOTTLIEB. Congressman, these are behaviors and skills that are so important that the employer doesn?t even want to talk to you. He isn't really interested in your vocational skill until that has been estab- lished. The other thing we tried to point out, as Mr. Kelly made reference to, is the Job Corps population is getting younger. We have many youngsters who have sufficient vocational skills who cannot find em- ployment because they are not yet 18. Every State has restrictions that keep them out of the labor market. Mr. GOODELL. You could be quoting from a statement made by the Republicans in 1964 with reference to the Job Corps and one of the things that we cited was the problem of ybung people getting employ- ment because of outdated child labor laws. I agree 100 percent there. You are raising points with which I agree 100 percent, but you haven't answered the question I asked. Mr. KELLY. The Job Corps is attempting to do something about the problem of labor laws. We, I think, made an administrative break- through unprecedented in this country when we got the Civil Service Commission to agree to lower the age limit from 18 to 16 for Federal employment. A number of our industrial contractors have been working with their State insurance organizations. Mr. GOODELL. There is another question I would like to talk about. Mr. KELLY. I think that is where the pioneering needs to be done. I think that we have a vehicle in the Job Corps that is doing the job. It is aimed at the population that needed it the most and if there are some areas we can improve in terms of- Mr. GOODELL. Let's not take this to the point of absurdity. We don't have to spend $486 million on Job Corps camps around the country as the most effective way to change child labor laws. You people always want to reach for the sky on your claims as to what you are doing. I believe in the idea of skilled training, but I think we ought to be realistic about the problems we face in this and try to make needed improvements. Mr. KELLY. The same problems are going to exist whether it is the Job Corps or the crusade in terms of getting kids employed that are 16 and 17 years old. There is something else that has to be done, not really moving the Job Corps into the Department of HEW. Mr. G00DELL. I agree and I will go into the reasons later as to why I think having an area facility like a vocational school which takes these youngsters and prepares them for jobs before they are going to grad- uate, is a much better way instead of sending them off across the coun- try and back and saying the regional office is in charge. I just want to be sure that the record has not been contradicted on a point, which I believe is factual, which I made this morning. Mr. KELLY. I don't think it has, sir. PAGENO="0812" 808 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GOODELL. It has not? You did not dispute the point I made this morning? Mr. KELLY. No. Mr. GOODELL. Dr. Gottlieb, you said 40 percent of the Job Corps graduates got jobs in a skill for which they were trained; is that correct? Dr. G0TrLIEB. Yes; related to their training. Mr. GOODELL. My statement was only 25 percent of those working in jobs for which they were trained. You have given an additional statistic, what they got when they first came out the door of the Job Corps. It doesn't contradict my statistic at all, but just raises the figure of 40 percent. I believe my statement is accurate and I would like to know if you believe this is accurate according to your records. Dr. GOrrLIEB. I am sorry. I misinterpreted what you had said, sir. Mr. G00DEIL. Then it is accurate that 25 percent are working in jobs for which they were trained. Dr. GOTrLIEB. I can look into that, but I have no way of answering that because I don't have that data available right this moment. Mr. GOODELL. This is right in your Harris poil. It is one of the most significant statistics from the Harris poll. Dr. GOTTLIEB. That is a problem because references are made to the Harris polls and you have asked for them and there isn~t one, there isn't two, there isn't three; there are four, sir. Mr. GOODELL. Fine. Dr. GOTTLIEB. And people casually say the Harris survey, and I tell you we are hard pressed to know which one and what page, but we have them all here for you. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Gottlieb, I want to be constructive and friendly, but I see red when you start blaming me because I haven't seen those Harris polls. Ask how many of the members of the committee have seen those Harris polls and how many of them have been trying to see them! I have here a summary of the Harris polls which we obtained by sending our investigators down. With great resistance they had to take photocopies and copy them and take summaries of this. I would have been just delighted had you, 3 or 4 months ago, been so anxious for me to see those Harris polls and I think on both sides of the aisle we would have been delighted. I am sorry to lose my temper, but I think we are all trying here to do a job, to enlighten ourselves and Congress and the people and improve this legislation. If I quoted out of context, I apologize, but I have a photocopy of a page here that does not seem to be out of context that gives that statistic. Dr. GOTTLIEB. Yes, sir. Chairman PERKINS. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. GOODELL. Yes; I will be delighted to. Chairman PERKINS. I think, Doctor, at this point that. 90 percent of the youngsters that you enroll in the Job Corps do not. have a high school education. The vocational education schools throughout the country have in the past never been able to do anything about this PAGENO="0813" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 809 problem. They have never been able to touch this impoverished un- educated child and more than 90 percent of the youngsters that enroll in the area vocational schools throughout America are high school graduates or better. Am I correct in that statement? Dr. GOTTLIEB. We have compared youngsters in the Job Corps and those in other vocational training programs and the further up you go from Job Corps, the higher the income of the parents, the more ad- vanced the educational background, the less likely they were to come out of poverty, the higher the reading, math courses, et cetera. Chairman PERKINs. Don't you think that we might as well talk about the folly of misspent youth as to say today that we should dump everything into the hands of the vocational educators of this country, let them take over `the job of training all the impoverished youngsters of. this country, when the task involves specialists not normally asso- ciated with vocational institutions or programs? Mr. GOODELL. Now, Mr. Chairman, let's not lay it on too thick. Chairman PERKINS. My question is more reasonable than your ques- tion. Go ahead and answer my question. Mr. GOODELL. The gentleman from Kentucky has been a long, long, long time supporter of vocational education and he helped-in fact, was paramount-in writing of landmark legislation such as vocational rehabilitation. He would not want the record to remain that the Voca- tional Education people have done nothing to help these youngsters who are not high school graduates. Chairman PERKINS. They have done all they know how to do but they have never reached this hard core youngster. Mr. GOODELL. That is a different statement. Chairman PERKINS. To do something about him, and the Job Corps people are making progress in that connection and why should we he willing to curtail progress that is being started in the Job Corps. Sargent Shriver? Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Chairman- Mr. GOODELL. Do you want to get in between us? Mr. SHRIVER. No, I don't want to get in between you. I was just wondering about these teenage jobs. I was just. wondering if I would have permission to ask a question as to how many people in `this room are doing now what they were trained to do when they were 17. Mr. GOODELL. That is a little irrelevant. Mr. SHRIVER. No, it is not irrelevant, Charlie. The point is this. When you train teenagers, your own children, for a job, the probability is that they are going to change their jobs many tinies even between let's say 17 and 25, because it is a natural thing at that age to be ex- perimenting with different kinds of things. Mr. GOODELL. I agree. Mr. SHRIVER. So I honestly believe that to try to say that any kind of a vocational training-I don't care who gives it-is weak or a failure because a kid was trained to be an automobile mechanic and ended up doing something different, that is just a totally illusory idea. Mr. GOODELL. I agree with t.he gentleman. All you are saying is that this shouldn't be the only standard. I agree. We have to get the facts clear as to how many are working in skill jobs for which they were trained. PAGENO="0814" 810 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. I understand, but I don't think it is a very important point. That is my point. Fifty percent of the people who graduate from law school never practice law. What difference does it make? Mr. GOODELL. I think it is extremely important. Mr. SHRIVEn. I understand you do. I was just trying to bring up a point that I thought from an education point of view has some relevance. Mr. GOODELL. I think it is very important when you put it beside about 12 other very clear statistics as to what has happeiied to the Job Corps youngsters-the low percentage who are working compared to the amount of money we have spent on them, the fact that actually you have very little increase, if not a loss, of employment as compared to the enrollees when they went in-and so on down the line from the statistics that I have cited. Let me just clarify one other thiiig because there was some question this morning. Chairman PERKINS. Will the gentleman yield ~ Mr. GOODELL. Let me say this and then I will yield to the gentle- man because I am going to quit and let them go on the VISTA. I made the statement that only one out of 10 of the Job Corps enrollees found their job with direct placement assistance from the Job Corps. I quote from page 68 of the Harris poll marked confiden- tial at the top. I hope I am not going to get in trouble. It cites this statistic and then at the boom says: Observation: With one in five of the graduates, and one in four of those in centers more than six months, placed through the Job Corps there is clear evidence that follow up and placement has not been as adequate as it might be or at least that it was inadequate in August and September of 1966. If I had the other polls in complete form we could talk about them, but we will after .1 have looked them over this weekend. Finding jobs for the dropouts and discharges who did not complete their training is certainly difficult. The fact remains, however, that these youth received almost no direct placement help from the Job Corps. Now, this was, as I understand it, the report that you received in January 1967 based upon August 1966 terminations from the Job Corps. Mr. KELLY. That is right. Let me say this, Congressman. The place- ment system has radically changed in the last 6 months. Mr. GOODELL. It has changed radically in the last 6 months after 21/2 years of our talking and criticizing and suggesting that you change it because we knew the system you had was not going to work. I refer to the idea of expecting a Job Corps center in California to refer a Job Corps graduate to an employment office across the Nation and have him get a job. Then you finally worked in the idea of regional placement offices and said you would establish small regional offices, which were supposed to be very small according to the original plan, but which are now charged with getting jobs for all these Job Corps enrollees. Now I hear you are going to switch it around and, as I understand it, send enrollees to regional schools. You are now going to have them stay in their own region. It was our contention first that this should be done-and they are going to have PAGENO="0815" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 811 some opportunity, hopefully, from the Job Corps center itself, to find jobs, as well as the regional office in the Employment Office. What you say is in the last 6 months you finally made some changes on some mistaken policies as far as I can see. Mr. SHRIVER. Why doesn't that make you happy? You are so angry about it. Mr. GOODELL. This makes me deliriously happy, except what is prob- ably going to happen is you will arbitrarily be doing this year what you have been doing for the last 3 years-rejecting all other sugges- tions of better ways of doing it. These suggestions were made to you 3 years ago. I am awfully happy that after 3 years you are finally coming around to accomplishing those suggestions. But you are still rejecting the suggestion that regional placement offices and employ- ment offices, even when trainees are going to a Job Corps camp in the regional area, are not equipped to handle the job. You still reject the suggestion that the better way to do it is to have your Job Corps camp or residential skill center, as we call it, charged with the responsibility of placing the enrollees in jobs in the general area in which they are serving. This is the way I think in 2 or 3 years we are going to be doing it and I am going to be tearing my hair out and saying. "Why didn't you do it 3 years ago when we suggested it," and you will probably be saying, "Aren't you awfully glad we finally did it." Mr. SHRIVER. As long as you are happy it will be very pleasant, but one thing I think ought to be made clear is that the first Job Corps center with 30 kids, the first 30, opened up about 21/2 years ago, so we haven't been doing all of this for 3 years. We havn't even had 2 full years of experience with over 50 percent of all the centers. Now, from the beginning you remember that in the contracts where the industrial concerns are involved we assigned them a responsi- bility and even paid for some of their employees if I remember cor- rectly, Bill. Mr. KELLY. Right. Mr. SHRIVER. lo participate in the placement process, so there has been no resistance to getting the contractors to do that. It was, from the very beginning, in all the contracts. I just want you not to be so unhappy, that's all, because it has only been 2 years and it is anew system and it is working pretty well now. Mr. GOODELL. Let me say to my friend that I appreciate the fact that he is now moving in the right direction in the Job Corps. I would like to see us move even faster and do a better job for these youngsters. Those of us who 3 years before the war on poverty was declared in 1964 were advocating residential skill centers-Job Corps type-for youngsters who needed `to be taken from their environment have been very disappointed that nobody listened to our suggestions. We have been studying these matters for 3 years and trying to get experimental camps going. You went right ahead and set up isolated Job Corps camps on a mass production basis. All I ask ~s keep an open mind. Don't be-I don't mean you per- sonally, but :the agency-so paranoically defensive that any sugges- tions that this could be done better is rejected out of hand. The sug- gestions we are making now were ma do 3 years ago, many of them, and we have made some new ones as well, which warrant your attention. PAGENO="0816" 812 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SHRIVER. Congressman, I think that we have taken a reasonable number of new steps not only in the Job Corps but in other places and I share some of your frustration because I think it was 1956 that I proposed residential skill centers, to use your phrase. I spent 4 years trying unsuccessfully, to get the Chicago Board of Education to do it, and then Dr. Willis came down here, hired by all of you, and proposed it to you so I am very happy that 4 years- Mr. GOODELL. I did understand one of your staff people came in 1961 and proposed it in 1961. Chairman PERKINS. I think we can agree that the gentleman has made the best closing argument that he could possibly make for his side. Mr. GOODEIJL. That was a qualified comment, wasn't it? Chairman PERKINS. Since he sat through the hearings this year on vocational education I would like to ask the gentleman if one of `the greatest problems in the vocational education field, and is now admitted by the vocational educators of the country, is to find the way to reach the disadvantaged youngster and they admit they don't have the answers as to how to train that youngster so he can be gainfully employed. Isn't that the case and isn't that the opinion of the vocational edu- cators that you heard this year in your testimony that you heard? Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, unqualifiedly yes, and this will con- tinue to be a problem. It is a problem obviously from the sincere and earnest testimony of the gentlemen down here at the table. There are problems in this area. Do you expect me to say that vocational educators don't recognize that it is a great problem to find these youngsters, to learn how to reach them, to bring them into a productive flow of our economy? Of course it is a problem and none of us has all the answers. All I am saying is that I think this answer is the wrong answer and that it is merely wasting our resources to move in the wrong direction and that we should redirect it. We can do a better job to try to reach these youngsters. Chairman PERKINS. If they do not have the answers, which you ad- mit, why would you then suggest that we turn over programs that are now working successfully after we have expended huge sums of money to find ways and means to make them successful, to turn those programs over to the vocational educators when we have a million youngsters that really need something done for lhem? Don't you think that we would be defeating our purpose if we under- took to do it, turning all this over to the hands of the vocational edu- cators to do all the training for the disadvantaged youngsters in the country?. Mr. G00DELL. Mr. Chairman, your use of one word avoids the whole purpose of these hearings-"successfully." That is what these hearings are for. Chairman PERKINS. Certainly. Mr. GOODELL. To find out how successful they have been. That is why all of us have been going around to Job Corps camps and why we have been studying this whole problem. I don't happen to agree with you that this is operating very successfully and a good many others on PAGENO="0817" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 813 the other side of the aisle, not just this side, don't agree that it works. Chairman PERKINS. The gentleman has just admitted that much progress and much success has been obtained during the past year. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, I will conclude this by saying what I said out in the corridor here. You spend $486 million and you are going to do some good. That is not the issue. The issue: Is it doing as much good or substantially as much good as it should be? Can't we spend it better? Can't we do a better job? Can't we get more of these youngsters than about 50 percent in jobs? Can't we get more than one-Ruarter of them in jobs for which they have been trained? Can't we tie this more closely with existing training facilities and not segregate them or stigmatize them as they are in Job Corps camps as rejects? Aren't there a great many ideas among educators that could be now incorporated into this? Can't we get private employers better involved in terms of offering the kind of jobs that are available for these youngsters? Can't we get down to more effective job training picking up immediately from some of these camps and improving their performance? Can't we reduce the very large proportion of enrollees that are going to conservation camps? And there is a significant num- ber of the enrollees-you talk about that-~--who complain constantly that they are not getting the kind of training that they want or thought they could get. Can't we do much better than this system? That is the issue that is posed here, not that this system is in a limited way successful. I am not so sure Mr. Shriver in confidence or even publicly would not shy away from the word "successful" if it meant a complacent attitude. As a matter of fact, I know he wouldn't. He wants to improve it. We just differ on the best way to improve it. Chairman PERKINS. Mrs. Green. Mrs. GREEN. May I ask if there are 33 copies of all four of the Harris reports? Are there 33 copies of each available? Mr. GOTTLIEB. Not yet, but there will be. Mr. KELLY. There will be, Mrs. Green. Mrs. GREEN. By Monday? Mr. KELLY. Yes. Mrs. GREEN. If you do not find it and I make available to you the AASA one, there will be 33copies of it. That is in addition to whatever ones you people want. Mr. KELLY. Yes. Mr. GOODELL. Will you make one available to each side? Mr. KELLY. We have one copy of each one of the surveys here, Congressman Goodell. Mrs. GREEN. Mr. Chairman, I want to say as one member I think that there are some changes that ought to be made in the Job Corps. I think that any reading of the Harris report shows that there are weaknesses. And~ I think that these hearings would be a waste of time if the committee did not concentrate on ways in which we could change it with the help of the people who are in the Office of Economic Opportunity to get the best kind of a program for the dollars that we are spending. As one member of the committee I get a little bit leery when I get a snow job that everything is great. It would have been more helpful to 80-084 0-67-pt. l-52 PAGENO="0818" 814 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 me if I had been given one copy of each of the four Harris reports instead of the other material which only pulls out the good things. I don't think there is anybody on this committee who thinks that the Job Corps is perfect or that you should have it perfect by this time. We know that you are working with the most difficult kids in the country and we would expect you to have problems and, we would expect they would show up in the program. But if we are going to have successful hearings and if we are going to do anything constructive as far as our time is concerned it seems to me that we ought to know the weaknesses as well as the strengths of the program and then see how we could tighten it up to do the best job possible. I wish that we could direct our attention to that and I wish that the Office would furnish the members of the committee, on the level, all of the reports so we would know the recommendations which objective people have made to you of ways to change the program so that it really will serve the needs and reach the goals that all `of us want. Mr. SHRIVER. May I respond `to that? Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mr. SHRIVER. I agree with Mrs. Green completely. At least if I understood her comments I agree with her. Now, the reason why Kelly and his cohorts got up these reports for the Congress today is because these reports are up to date. The Harris report refers to conditions or the situation in the Job Corps enrollees or graduates back in last July I suppose. Mr. GOODELL. Which one now? Are they all the same date of August? Mr. SHRIVER. I really don't know. Dr. G0TTLIEB. The first one that has been referred to, whi~h is a study of noncompleters, was done during August. There was another one of those of youngsters oa1~ed no shows who were supposed to come into the Job Corps and then didn't show up. We try to find out why and who are they and follow them later to see what happened to them. The next two studies are of a sample of youngsters who stayed in Job Corps for various periods of time to determine what they are now doing, what kind of jobs they are in, whether they feel the training has been related, how much they are earning and so forth. The most recent one deals with youngsters who left the program in the month of December of 1966. Mr. GOODELL. In other words, the most recent was December 1966. Dr. GOTTLIEB. That is correct. Mr. GOODELL. And when did you get that? `Dr. GoTmIEB. We got that one in March. Mr. GOODELL. Do you have others underway now? Dr. GOTTLIEB. We are going to continue to have foilowup studies clone; yes, sir. Mr. SHRIVER. The point I was trying to make is I couldn't agree more that we have learned a lot about how to run the Job Corns in the 2 years `or.21~4 years that we have had practical operating experience with it. As I said a few minutes ago, tue first Job Corps camp opened up just about 21/2 years ago with 30 kids `at Catoctin ~o we have been making changes and we hope making improvements in all parts of it as we go along. PAGENO="0819" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 815 What they gave you today was an attempt, I think, to show you what the situation is as of now. I hope and believe that there is no attempt to withhold information about how it was in December 1966 or how it was in 1965. There were a lot of things, for example, in 1965 that were wrong. As we said, they were wrong. We changed them and they are no longer there now, but we don't normally, so to speak, give you that information. I think what they were trying to do was give you up-to- date information. There was one study made, this Caine report that Congressman Steiger asked for a few minutes ago, which according to Dr. Levine, whose business this is-I am not certain about this, but he told me that he thought it was the most-say it, will you? Mr. LEVINE. I think it is far away the best course of any study made of any training program yet. Not just ours, any training pro- gram. Mr. GOODELL. Are we going to have copies of that now? Mr. LEVINE. I gave one to Mr. Steiger this morning. I can supply a couple more now and enough for the whole committee pretty soon. It shows essentially that the Job Corps on a benefit-cost basis is just very highly successful. Summarizing all the data it shows this. Mr. GOODELL. I am interested in that because on page `74-this is the one you are referring to I guess, benefit-cost ratio-on page 74 of your presentation you say that for every dollar spent in the Job Corps there is a $1.37 return. Mr. LEVINE. That is the study. Mr. GOODELL. I have here your war on poverty news summary, Office of Economic Opportunity, for June 12, 1967. It has a little paragraph which indicates that for every dollar invested it is $1.18. So we hear $1.37 in your presentation and see $1.18 in your publication. Mr. LEVINE. I can explain that fairly easily, I think, Congressman. There is a range I think from $1.05 to $1.69 if I remember, depending on assumptions. We think that $1.18 based on all the factors when we put this out, that that looked like sort of the best likelihood, the best number; $1.37 was just. splitting the difference. In fact, if I might just continue on this line, this figure, whether it is $1.18 or $1.37 just depends on assumptions. This is a very con- servative figure. It is conservative in the sense it bases these benefits entirely on the educational gains, shown by the Job Corps data, the kids they get in camps, and this is not to contradict what Mr. Kelly said that is not just education. It is just that the educational gains are the most measurable and there is a lot more data on the future earnings stemming from educational gains. Mr. G00DELL. You use the word assumptions. Mr. LEVINE. If we add to the educational gains other things which we didn't put in because it was conservative in this original calculation that came out, this $1.18-$1.37 range, if we add to these the things we just simply didn't count because they were tougher to measure, the vocational training gains, the gains in reducing crime rates, and so forth, we think that the true benefit-cost ratio of all the benefits of the country from the Job Corps is something like 2 to L which means that the benefits now from each dollar spent are worth about twice the dollar itself. PAGENO="0820" 816 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Levine, this committee is interested in benefit- cost ratios as applied to human beings. It is kind of a new concept and it would be a very interesting thing to look over. I don't think we are near as interested, however, in a rather facile presentation of a figure as we are in seeing what those assumptions were and how valid they are in a. study of this nature, I say this because, as you know, it is a pretty far out frontier of social science to be able to put a dollar benefit-cost ratio on a human being. I would like to look it over. We have one copy sent up here. If you have others I think then we can evaluate those figures. Mr. LEVINE. As I say I have two more now and I will make more available. Mr. GOODELL. I might make one other comment. Mr. LEVINE. If I might say so, it is not putting a dollar value on a human being. That is again additional gains we didn't count. This is just purely on the economic gain from the Corps and doesn't give us the basic benefit for the human being. Mr. GOODELL. One has to make a great many assumptions about human behavior and the future of human beings involved. These things, unlike the public works projects where we usually have a bene- fit-cost ratio and you can look at the caliber of the material and the situation and estimate its useful life and so forth, are a little more difficult. Mr. LEVINE. You should see the assumptions that go into dam benefit-costs. Mr. GOODELL. Oh, I know that.. I have seen them manipulated too. Let me make one comment and, Mr. Shriver, we will come back. The reason we are talking about the Harris survey a.nd whatever other sur- veys are available is that you come up here and present 73,000 enrollees that went through, 52,000 enrollees that finally got out in one form or another, a.nd so forth. Somewhere in your data you tell us that so many are now working, I guess it was 52,000. It appears to us, ba.sed on the fact that there was this heavy flow through the Job Corps camps when you were not get- ting the statistics that what you have clone is the total figure and then take some surveys that indicate percentage results and multiply them times the total number of enrollees. It appears this is the way we are getting all these marvelous results, that you can ta.ke some surveys and then multiply them times the total numbers involved. This is something we want to go into a little further. I understand you just set up a data. retrieval system that might. a year or two from now give us something beyond just percentages. Mr. SHRIVER. That is the way it was not done. Dr. Gottlieb can tell you how it was done. Dr. GOTTLIEB. May I take a moment? You asked me earlier about my feelings about the skill center concept and the truth of the matter is I couldn't nor could anybody else possibly predict for you whether they .would be effective or not. They would probably be better than t.hey would have been two and a half years ago because of what has been learned in Job Corps. Mr. GOODELL. You make me angry. You know the numbers of them in the State level and cities that are operating that way. PAGENO="0821" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 817 `Dr. GOTTLIEB. That is what I want to speak on next. But over a course of 150 years the combined efforts of the public school system, the voca- tional educational system, public service health programs', there were still two and a half million young poor people in this country who were out of work, out of school, who cannot read and- Mr. GOODELL. Irrelevant. Everybody can see we weren't doing the job and that we have to do the job better. The argument is the best way to do it. Chairman PERKINS. Don't you think that has a bearing? Mr. GOODELL. I say we are not doing it now. Chairman PERKINS. Mrs. Green. Mrs. GREEN. Why is the Jo'b Corps so great because somebody has failed for 150 years? The Federal Government too has failed to correct these problems for 150 years and by that same argument then the Federal Government couldn't do it now either. The public schools haven't done it for 150 years. Welfare agencies haven't done it for 150 years. What is the logic that suddenly the Federal Government is the one that can because they are in that same category, but I think there are good things that we ought to turn attention to do and not a blind defense of a program that maybe we can make some improvement upon. Chairman PERKINS. I feel the Federal Government is also involved in vocational education. I would like to see greatly expanded programs of vocational education, and modernization, more funds for residential school centers, `but at the same time I see no conflict because of the tremendous job to be done, and what we are trying to find ou't is just the type of job that the Job Corps is doing at the present time. I think we are constantly improving. Mr. Goodell admits tha't they have improved considerably in the last year. We `are getting better and certainly we all admit that we want todo the job the best way, but I do think we must consider what has happened in the past through the vocational educational school system of this country and today they barely touch the surface. They have scraped `off the cream of the crop through the area of vocational schools and have done a tremendous job, but they have selected the youngster `that was not difficult to train. It is the difficult youngster that we have to face up to and I don't think at the present time unless there is a lot more evidence to come in, and we will bring in the evidence, that we could say that the Job Corps has not done a good job and is not getting better all the time. It certainly can be improved. The cost is coming down. I feel tha't the Director is personally doing an outstanding job from the evidence that I have heard and observations and examination of ,Job Corps that I have made. Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Chairman, I wouldn't embarrass you by quoting what you said in the paper on the Vocational Education Act as to what vocational education is going to do under that act-how it was directed. Chairman PERKINS. Let me say to the gentleman that I conducted the hearings on--- Mr. GOODELL. A great deal more than we are, but I don't think you or I then felt it was directed at the cream of the crop. We had to begin to get to the hard core. We can do it better. PAGENO="0822" 818 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Chairman PERKINS. Let me say to the gentleman I conducted the hearings on vocational education in 1963 and on the Job Corps in 1963 and the same witnesses, if you will go back and examine those hear- ings, stated that there was a place for both. Vocational experts, the best vocational educators, stated that, in their opinion. At that time we called it the Youth Opportunity Act. It was essential to reaching the hard core that we had not reached and there was no disagreement. The disagreement seems to be recently. Mr. DELLENBAOK. Mr. Chairman, may we request perhaps, while we have the opportunity, to hear t.hese people on VISTA, that we do so. Chairman PERKINS. Yes. I think we all agree with t.he gentleman from Oregon. Mr. Shriver, commence on this. Mr. SHElVER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. May I introduce here on my. left the Director of VISTA, William Crook, and his Deputy. His Deputy had to leave, I am embarrassed to say. Mr. QUIE. Is he going to leave with the books he was going to take 30 minutes to send up? Mr. SHRIVER. I was just saying that Mr. Crook is Director of VISTA and Mr. Pace is one of the Associate Directors. We did have, the Dep- uty, Pat Kennedy, here up until now but he had to leave. Mr. Crook, by way of information for the members of the committee, was for- merly t.he regional director of our office in Austin, Tex., which covers the Southwestern States. In that job he had responsibility within that region not only for some of t.he VISTA activities, but the community action and Job Corps activities as well. It is only within the last 6 months that he has been the active Direc- tor of VISTA. He had a distinguished career in education before he came into the Federal Government at all and so lie was selected for this job and has I think done a very fine piece of work since he ha.s been in Washington running the operation. Dr. Crook. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Scherle. Mr. SCHERLE. Off the record. (Off the record.) Chairman PERKINS. Proceed. STATEMENT OP WILLIAM H. CROOK, DIRECTOR OP VISTA Mr. CROOK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. We have decided to complete the testimony this afternoon on VISTA. Everybody else that wants to go may leave. Mr. CROOK. Mr. Shriver has given me the privilege of speaking for some very great Americans age 18 to, I think the oldest is 86. These are the people who are serving in some 1,100 communities throughout the United States. Mr. Chairman, I have a written statement. I Would like to read just a few paragraphs from it and then ask that some exhibits be placed in the record and I will be available for quest.ions. Mr. QUIE. Are we going to receive some information comparable to what was given for the Job Corps and, if so, could we have it now so that we can look it over by next week? I woul d not want our colleague from New York, who is not here right now, to make the sa.me charges against you next week on the VISTA program that lie did on the Job Corps. Mr. BAKER. There aren't that many of them. PAGENO="0823" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 819 Mr. CROOK. We have no further information to give except the Gal- lup poll which we are going to have 33 copies made tonight. Mr. SHRIVER. Has this been brought to your attention yet? This is what Congressman Scherle claims nobody had shown him. The entire extent of the VISTA presentation is in here. Mr. QuIR. What about community action? Is community action there as well? Mr. SHRIVER. I don't think so. We have some charts but I don't think- Mr. QuIE. Are the charts being duplicated so that we can see them? Mr. SHRIVEn. Yes, they will be. Mr. QUIE. Could we have that when we resume the hearings on Monday? Mr. SHRIVER. You can have it before Monday. Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead. Mr. CROOK. Today VISTA volunteers are working in 1,100 com- munities throughout the United States. In my office are requests from an additional 2,300 communities. Today VISTA has 3,238 volunteers in service and requests for more than 17,000 volunteers. There are presently 235 volunteers in training courses; an additional 21,600 p~ple are awaiting invitation to training. Since VISTA began, 190,000 inquiries have been received; 70,000 preliminary applications have been submitted. From this number, 35,000 reached the final application stage, but the number of volunteers actually permitted to serve is 6,700, either as regular volunteers or as associate volunteers. This kind of public acceptance and response is gratifying. It says something, I think, about our country, about our citizens, and about the success of the Office of Economic Opportunity in making this Nation aware of the presence and plight of her poor. It is the arithmetic of hope for 32 million deprived Americans and, we are sure, for the poverty agency that has been established by the Congress to assist them out of their poverty. It is impossible to argue with these statistics of hope. Very few Americans are indifferent toward the war on poverty. Nearly every- one is either for or against it, but the statistics that VISTA has are not just opinions, they are people. Tens of thousands of American citizens of all ages, races, and walks of life believe in this effort enough to offer a year or more of their lives toward the solution of poverty. They are requesting, in the best tradition of American voluntarism, the opportunity to involve themselves in the tough and sometimes dangerous business of assuring the opportunity to work, the oppor- tunity to learn, and the opportunity to live in decency and dignity to all Americans. For the past 6 months VISTA has met and exceeded every man- power goal. In the past 6 months we have received 30 percent more final applications than during the same period of last fiscal year, and have put one-third more in training than during the equivalent period of fiscal 1966. Last year at this time there were 2,000 regular VISTA volunteers; by the end of this month there will be more than 4,000, an increase of 100 percent. PAGENO="0824" 820 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Last year there were 287 projects in 44 States, the District of Colum- bia, and the Virgin Islands; today there are 340 projects in 48 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto iRico, and the Virgin Islands-an in- crease of 46 percent in our distribution of volunteers to communities who have requested their presence. Last summer VISTA placed 500 summer VISTA associates in the field; this summer a total of 2,400 will be in service. During fiscal 1968, VISTA will deliver more than 3,800 man-years of service to the Nation's poor; that is an increase of more than 100 percent over last year with a budget increase of only 60 percent. VISTA's capacity to record and quantify the impact of the VISTA volunteer has been limited. Measuring the substantive output of volun- teers is an involved a.nd complex task, but an important start has been made. I am pleased today to share with you some of the first results of an information retrieval system that is still in its earliest stages of development. In San Francisco, 12 volunteers have saved the city more than $1 million in cash through a bail bond project which has released 2,688 indigent defendants without bail and has relieved the city and county of the expense of maintaining these people in jail until time for trial. VISTA now has a total of 27 volunteers working on similar projects in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Mia.mi. According to officials of the West Virginia Department of Mental Health, VISTA volunteers assigned to mental health projects in com- munities throughout the State have been directly responsible for sav- ings to the taxpayer of West Virginia of more than $500,000-7 per- cent of the department's entire budget. There are 15 other VISTA mental health projects similar to this one. Thirty-three volunteers in New Hampshire have added a half mil- lion dollars in tangible assets to the community which they serve. They - have contacted more than 16,000 people-20 percent of the poverty population. They have brought more than 80 percent of them into ac- tive participation in Headstart, Upward Bound, Neighborhood Youth Corps, and other war on poverty activities. They have taken 100 people off the welfare roles of New Hampshire communities and added nearly $250,000 to the income of residents of these communities by placing them in jobs. They have added an estimated $200,000 to the net worth of community facilities through self-help repair and remodeling pro- grams and through the donation of facilities obtained by volunteers from the private sector. And New Hampshire has one of our smallest statewide commitments of VISTA volunteers. A handful of volunteers working with migrants around Santa Clara, Calif., has generated an impressive direct and measurable benefit to the community. Included are an increase in the net worth of dwellings in the poverty communities of more than $125,000 through self-help hous- ing projects and are now working on grants for activities and facilities within the community from the Ford Foundation, the National In- stitute of Mental Health, and `others, totaling nearly $1 million. More than 2,000 migrant children have been enrolled in VISTA preschool programs throughout the State of Arizona. And more than 1,500 others have studied daily in VISTA organized and operated tutorial programs in that State. PAGENO="0825" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1067 821 Nearly 5,000 residents of a Pittsburgh ghetto neighborhood belong to a neighborhood credit union established by the residents with the help of VISTA volunteers. In Texas 11,000 seasonal workers have been interviewed by VISTA volunteers and involved in war on poverty programs. More than 5,000 of them have now undergone TB examinations administered by VISTA and some 600 children received medical attention in clinics to which they were referred by VISTA volunteers. On the Navajo Reservation, VISTA volunteers have TB tested more than 6,000 children, operated preschools for more than 400 and have more than 200 adults enrolled in literacy programs. These are but a few examples. The accomplishments are impressive in human terms for they represent real and tangible benefits for in- dividuals and communities locked in poverty. Again, I feel strongly that thi6 demonstrable effectiveness of the volunteer worker, coupled with the great number of Americans who are willing-are even anxious-to serve the poor of this Nation as VISTA volunteers, represents the arithmetic of hope for the entire war on poverty. When it became obvious a few months ago that America's demand to serve in this effort was far greater than our ability to consent to service, the VISTA Citizens Corps was born. As in most cases in OEO, the idea came, not from Washington, but from grassroot organizations where our volunteers were working. There are now over 20,000 part- time volunteers working side by side with regular VISTA volunteers and VISTA associates. We expect to have 100,000-at a cost to the Federal Government of approximately $1 per volunteer-by the end of fiscal 1968. These will be Americans who are the new dollar-a-year men and women. The contribution which they can and will make to the volunteer program is enormous. But this substantive contribution to the VISTA program is only one facet of the overall value of this program to the war on poverty. The role of the Citizens Corps in highlighting the conditions of poverty in the community, of directly involving thousands in the goals of the war on poverty, and of tapping the resources of the entire com- munity for this war cannot, I believe, be overstated. And that is what VISTA is all about. VISTA's role is to channel the imagination of the private citizen into effective and carefully coordinated efforts to help the Nation's poorest citizens find their way out of poverty. VISTA's job is to help individuals and communities identify and define the priority of their needs, find effective and forceful means of expressing those needs and evolve creative, communitywide programs to solve the problems. VISTA brings a new dimension to community service-a dimension which goes far beyond the Alinsky philosophy of organizing the poor against the community. We strive for the mobilization of the human resources of the entire community into a coordinated effort to solve the most important single problem. It is VISTA's practice to evolve community interest in projects identified by the community and then through a gradual program of involvement to gain first community support, then community direction and finally community responsi- bility for the program so that VISTA may ultimately withdraw entirely and allocate its limited resources in other areas of need. PAGENO="0826" 822 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 This is VISTA's role, as I see it. CAP brings to bear on the prob- lems of poverty the power of the dollar and the impact of a creative Federal-State-local relationship. VISTA brings to bear on the prob- lem of being poor the same creative relationship plus the equally powerful impact of the skill, energy, and imagination of thousands of private citizens who are outraged enough about the irony of poverty in America today to live and work wherever they are needed most- regardless of the conditions they must share with those they have come to serve. Today more than 85 percent of all VISTA volunteers work with local CAA's or with CAP-funded programs. The VISTA volunteer is rapidly becoming the "cement" for the entire war on poverty in many areas, working in support of and as a community idea. extension of CAA's, Job Corps, legal service, migrant opportunity programs, work study, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Neighborhood Health Centers, Upward Bound and other war on poverty programs. This is a viable and productive relationship. For just as there is more to poverty than being poor, so there is more to being poor than being without money. CAP, Job Corps, VISTA, and other war on poverty programs are making a simultaneous assault on the conditions which cause poverty and on the conditions which poverty causes. Neither effort can succeed alone. VISTA volunteers live and work in the poorest neighborhoods and communities of the entire Nation. They are there-24 hours a day, 7 days each week, 52 weeks `a year. They are not there for money, be- cause `they receive no salary. They are there because they believe the existence of poverty is the shame of the Nation because they are unwilling to pass the buck of responsibility on to a future generation. Wherever `they go, they bring with them a. knowledge of the 20th century America and. sense of urgency about the need to do something about poverty. They bring with them a hope for the future and a sure sense that the rest of America does care about poverty and is determined to do something about `the conditions on which it thrives. They stand, in a very real sense, as surety for us all * as guaran- tors of our humanity and of the willingness and the ability of this administration and this Congress to redeem in good faith `the promise made to the poor of this Nation in the Economic. Opportunity Act of 1964. At that time the Congress of the United States pledged in clear and ringing language that-and I quote-"It. is the policy of the United States to eliminate the paradox of poverty in `the midst of plenty in this Nation * - This represents, I believe, we must all agree, a clear and unmistak- able promise to the poor of this Nation to do something about ~~overty and to do it now. Gentlemen, `this represents a national commitment. that is every bit as valid `and binding and that `affects our Nation's honor every bit as much as our commitments to the peoples of faraway lands. It represents a promise that must be kept. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINs. Mr. Goodell. Mr. G00DELL. Thank you very much. I will be brief and defer to my colleagues who may have other questions. PAGENO="0827" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 823 You are proposing now to embark on Hometown VISTA. I want to say that I endorse the idea and have for some time because I think we are missing a vast reservoir of potential volunteer help by the require- ment of a program that they must move to some other area. We have a great many people in the retired category who could be utilized very effectively in Hometown VISTA's. I am sure many of the younger people would volunteer for work but do not because they could not leave their homes. This is not in any way to be critical of the program where volun- teers wish to leave their homes for adventure or whatever other reasons but I do think it is an important adjunct that we need. In many re- spects I think Hometown VISTA's working side by side with some of your other VISTA's could be extremely helpful because you do have special problems coming into a strange area without the guidance and ability that perhaps could be given by those who have lived there for some time. How do you plan in a meaningful way to divide your resources between Hometown VISTA's and your ongoing program? Mr. CRooIc. I will say, Mr. Congressman, that the VISTA Citizens Corps, an idea that was expressed by Mr. Shriver a year and a half ago and was mentioned by the President and by others, was something that we were not at all sure could work until we found out that it was working and VISTA already had some 20,000 part-time volunteers working with VISTA volunteers. Mr. GOODELL. That is what you call Hometown VISTA? Mr. CROOK. No, sir, we call this the VISTA Citizens Corps. Mr. GOODELL. We call it a Hometown VISTA, and did a couple years ago. 1 just wanted to clarify what you were talking about. Mr. CROOK. We now figure there are more than 20,000 of these part- time citizens at work in the field. By the end of next fiscal year there will be a hundred thousand. We are staggered by the possibilities. We think conservatively on the basis of this Gallup poll that we can say that perhaps 10 percent of the American population would be willing to serve in some capacity in the war on poverty, as volunteers. The cost to VISTA thus far has been nothing except the time and effort on the part of the employees. Mr. GOODELL. You are not going to pay them anything? Mr. CROOK. They will not be paid a dime. Mr. GOODELL. What do the VISTA people receive now? Mr. CROOK. The VISTA people receive a stipened of $50 a month which is not paid to them until after their term of service is completed. They receive nothing else. Mr. GOODELL. What other moneys do the VISTA's receive? Living expense and things of that nature? Mr. CROOK. That is right. They are supported at the poverty level. Mr. GOODELL. What is your average outlay for VISTA? I don't mean figuring in your overhead cost. I mean what does the average VISTA volunteer receive? Mr. CROOK. The amount that goes directly to the volunteer for 12 months of service is $3,550. Mr. GOODELL. I take it you are recommending to us that we not provide any kind of expense reimbursement or pay to-what do you call them? PAGENO="0828" 824 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. CROOK. The Citizens Corps. Mr. GOODELL. The Citizens Corps. Mr. CROOK. I do not think that is necessary. It is our experience that they will use their own automobiles, use their own time, pay their own bus fares, that they are willing and anxious to be helpful. Mr. GARDNER. To your knowledge, Mr. Crook, do you know any activity among VISTA volunteers in the field of voter registration efforts, any organized efforts on the part of VISTA? Mr. cROOK. To my knowledge there is no such activity going on. The volunteers are strictly charged under the guidelines that they are not to participate in partisan politics. Mr. GARDNER. Those are OEO guidelines? Mr. CROOK. Yes. In addition, that is also VISTA policy. As individ- uals, as citizens, they are permitted to express themselves but cannot do so as VISTA volunteers. Mr. GARDNER. May I receive a copy of the VISTA outlines? Mr. CROOK. You may. With the chairman's permission, we will put it in the record. Also the guidelines on union activity will be included. Mr. GOODELL. Are these guidelines limited to partisan elections? I-low do you do it? Are they just told to stay out of politics? Mr. CROOK. They are permitted to remind the people of their op- tions but not involve themselves in any way in partisanship. Mr. GARDNER. I don't quite understand. Mr. GOODELL. That word partisanship- Mr. CROOIc. Well, political activities. Mr. GARDNER. What do you mean by reminding the people of their option? Mr. CR0OIc. If conditions exist in a community which they do not ap- prove of, they have the option of going to the polls and voting. As far as advising them how that vote should be cast, that is not. done. Mr. GARDNER. What you are saying, going back to my original ques- tion, then they are involved in basic registration of voters. Mr. CROOK. No, sir. That is not what I am saying. This is the VISTA political guideline: The VISTA approach to individual and community development is predicated on the assumption that real change `among people can only occur when they them- selves take the initiative. VISTA's mission is to work with people in their com- munities toward this end. This means that you as a VISTA volunteer during your service should subordinate your personal views on specific issues to the primary goal of helping build a communijy able awl determined to arrive at its own decisions and to assert its own proper influence. The goal of community development will be frustrated if you impose your own judgments on others, no matter how valid these judgments are. This would prevent the people you are serving from developing into responsible citizens actively involved and partici- pating in the life of their community. In addition to the limitation implicit in the goals of community development there are certain prohibitions imposed by the new amendment to our Act. The following is intended to advise you and assist you in carrying out your job effectively. Because of recent amendments to our Act you as a VISTA Volunteer are now considered a Federal employee for purposes of the Act. As a result, you may not engage in partisan political activities of any sort during your serv- ice. You may assume a position of political leadership or become prominently identified with any political party or candidate. You may not publicly sunport or speak in behalf of or against a given political party or political candidate. Mr. `GARDNER. Would you go back and read the one right before that again? - PAGENO="0829" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 825 Mr. CROOK (reading): You may not assume a position of political leadership or become prominently identified with any political party or candidate. Is that it? Mr. GARDNER. Yes. Mr. CROOK (continues reading): You may not publicly support or speak in behalf of or against a given political party or political candidate. You may, however, take positions in support of or opposition to the passage or repeal of laws and ordinances and support or oppose ordinances which are not specifically identified with a political party or which are the subject of non-political elections such as referendums, bond issues, con stitutional amendment or the like. Mr. GARDNER. Or possibly a mayor's race in a city or city council race? Do you think this would also be included? If you had a VISTA member come to you and ask if he could be involved in a mayor's race in a city or city council race what would you tell him? Mr. CROOK. I would tell him no, that that is a political office. Mr. GARDNER. Thank you. (The following guidelines were submitted for the record:) VISTA POLITICAL GUIDELINES The VISTA approach to individual and community development is predicated on the assumption that real change among people can only occur when they themselves take the initiative. VISTA's mission is to work with people in their communities towards this end. This means that you as a VISTA Volunteer during your service should sub- ordinate your personal views on specific issues to the primary goal of helping build a community able and determined to arrive at its own decisions, and to assert its own proper influence. / The goal of community development will be frustrated if you impose your own judgments on others, no matter how valid these judgments are. This would prevent the people you are serving from developing into responsible citizens actively involved and participating in the life of their community. In addition to the limitations implicit in the goals of community development, there are certain prohibitions imposed by the new amer~dments to our Act. The following is intended to advise and assist you in carrying out your job effectively. A. POLITICAL ACTIVITIES Because of recent amendments to our act, you as a VISTA Volunteer are now considered a Federal employee for purposes of the Hatch Act. As a result you may not engage in partisan political activities of any sort during your service. You may not assume a position of political leadership or become prominently identified with any political party or candidate. You may not publicly support or speak in behalf of or against a given political party or political candidate. You may, however, take positions in support of or opposition to the passage or repeal of laws and ordinances, and support or oppose issues which are not specifically identified with a political party or which are the subject of non- political elections, such as referendums, bond issues, constitutional amendments, or the like. You may participate in petitions and drives provided the petition is not associated with any political party Or candidate. Your work as a Volunteer may in some instances call for your working inde- pendently, or under your sponsor, to inform citizens of their political rights and to encourage them to participate in the political life of their community. In carrying out any of these activities, however, you must take care not to work, or appear to be working, in support of any party or candidate. It must be remember- ed that as a VISTA Volunteer it is of utmost importance that your efforts be pri- marily directed toward encouraging participation of the people you serve, rather than in action on your own, or in their behalf. The individuals you are working with should be allowed to make their own decisions on which party or candidate PAGENO="0830" 826 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 will best represent them, or on which side of a political issue they wish to stand. You may become involved in activities which could raise questions concerning the applicability of the Hatch Act, such as voter registration and education. You must be particularly careful to keep all implications or expressions of par- tisan politics out of any such activity or program. You would not express your personal preferences for parties or candidates or indicate any political direction you might wish to see your people take. The above restrictions apply equally to your work with respect to programs of your sponsor and to activities while off duty. B. DEMONSTRATIONS AND PROTEST ACTIVITIES During time not devoted to your sponsor's project you have the right to hold and express opinions on any public issue and to participate in lawful non-political demonstrations and protest activities, so long as you do so in your individual capacity only and so long as such activity does not interfere with the perform- ance of your duties as a Volunteer. In dealing with the press or other public media, you should not attempt to represent the opinions of VISTA or of any group of VISTA Volunteers on any public issue. In short, you must avoid giving any indication that your views or opinions carry any special authority or official sanction through use of the VISTA name, or your connection with VISTA. While engaged in carrying out your sponsor's projects you may participate in lawful and non political demonstrations and protest activities. In participating in demonstrations and protest activities, whether for your sponsor's project or on your own time, you have the duty of any citizen to avoid unlawful or illegal activity or demonstrations. The legality and propriety of any demonstration must be left to your judgment. A new amendment to our Act pro- vides that conviction for participation in or incitement of a riot or in "group activity" resulting in damage to property or injury to persons requires termina- tion of any OEO employee including VISTA Volunteers. This section also affects the people you serve since their violation of this section can result in loss of all poverty program benefits. (An analysis of this section iS being prepared and will be distributed.) In short, in view of VISTA's goals, you should, before participating in any demonstration or other activity in the public eye, ask yourself whether your action will directly help the people you serve. If an honest answer is no, then you should, for the good of your people, avoid such action. UNIONIZATION GUIDELINES The question of volunteer participation in unionization activities is in many ways analogous to that of participation in political activities (See VISTA Guide- lines, "The Volunteer and Political Activity"). As in all situations in which the people the Volunteer serves have choices to make, the Volunteer should not sub- stitute his judgments for theirs by advocating the choices he feels are wisest. Participation by a VISTA Volunteer in union organization is contrary to ViSTA policy. The Volunteer must not advocate or recommend that his people join or refuse to join a labor union, and even if a group decides to join a union, he should not participate directly in any organization drive. Unions, in general, maintain profesSienal organizers whose job it is to carry on organi- zational drives. In this, as in other areas in which people in the community have choices to make, the Volunteer's job is to make them aware of the alternatives open to them in order that they may make whatever decisions seem wisest to them. Although the policy expressed in this guide may seem elementary and obvious, it needs to be said since violation of VISTA's policies and the goals of com- munity development in this area can cause serious problems for all Volunteers and the VISTA program as a whole. As was stated in the political guidelines, we realize that many specific problems may arise which cannot be anticiimted in a short guideline. We urge you to present any such questions to your VISTA Regional Administrator and Field Staff who will, if the nroblem cannot be handled in the field, consult the General Counsel's office in Washington. PAGENO="0831" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 827 Mr. SCHERLE. Will the gentleman yield on that point? Mr. GARDNER. Yes, I will be glad to yield. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Crook, I would like to ask you a question in re- gard to political activity by VISTA volunteers. Do these people make applications to VISTA to help on a volun- tary basis with no pay whatsoever? Is that the basic assumption- of their com~ection with the VISTA program, just to make application and you accept them? Mr. CROOK. We accept them after a screening process and selection. They are not automatically accepted because they apply. Mr. SCHERLE. During the 1966 election were the VISTA people officially connected with your organization allowed to register voters? Mr. CROOK. I was not director of VISTA at that time. I am noti- fied by Mr. Pace they were not permitted to register voters. But they were permitted to encourage registration. Mr. GARDNER. Would the gentleman yield 1 second? I would like to question you; what do you mean by encourage voters? Put them in an automobile and carrying them to the polling place and saying this is where you register and sign your name? Mr. PACE. I know of no instances where that specific and direct activity took place. Mr. GARDNER. What would be your feeling about that? Mr. PACE. My personal feeling? Mr. GARDNER. Yes. Mr. PACE. My personal feeling would be that encouraging voter activity means just that. Pointing out that elections are coming, tell- ing them that they have a right and responsibility to express their own opinions by voting. Mr. GARDNER. Is this done at meetings? Mr. PAcE. Personally, I think that would be an appropriate avenue for that, yes. At meetings of a nonpartisan nature. Mr. CROOK. The very stringent guidelines I have read here would prohibit that kind of activity. Mr. SCHERLE. Did you know that the VISTA people in Omaha, Nebr., registered voters in the 1966 election? Mr. CROOK. Again I am sorry; I have to say I was not with VISTA in 1966. I do not know that. If you have that information I would be very interested in seeing it. Mr. SCHERLE. I will have it for you perhaps as early as next week. Mr. CROOK. Thank you. Mr. SCHERLE. May I ask also what you intend doing with it when you have it? Were these guidelines established after that election, or prior to it? Mr. CROOK. These guidelines, as I understand, were established prior to that election and were adhered to by VISTA. Mr. SCHERLE. If these people that are affiliated with VISTA take it upon themselves, to participate in political activity, what are you going to do with them? Fire them? Mr. CROOK. Yes, sir. Mr. SCHERLE. And that is all? Mr. CROOK. I believe that is all we can do with them. ~ SCHERLE. I know, bu~ they can be utilized very effectively prior to an ~lection, can't they? PAGENO="0832" 828 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. CROOK. To what campaign is that, sir? Mr. ScH~u~. By registering voters. You said they were not allowed to do this. Anybody campaigning door to door is a very effective person as far as I am concerned. Mr. CROOK. If you are asking inc do we have any control over them after we dc-select them, I have to say, "No, we do not." Mr. SCHERLE. If they were to take it upon themselves as a. member of VISTA to knock on the door and say, "We are registering voters as a member of VISTA," their position would probably be much more solid than if they were going door to door with a little campaign card in their hand, would it not? Mr. CROOK. We do not permit that, Mr. Congressman. Mr. SCHERLE. I know you don't permit it but they did it. Mr. SHRIVER. If there is any case where VISTA volunteers or any other employees are doing that, that would be a. violation of the Hatch Act. Then they get fired if they are doing it. `We have pursued every case that we know about in the United States for 2½ years where these allegations have been made. We have a clean record with the Civil Service Commission and everybody else. Whenever there was a. violation we got rid of them. Mr. SCHERIJE. Mr. Shriver, this is fine. But you are the judge as well as the jury. Mr. SmilvER. No, we are not. The Civil Service Commission is. Mr. SCHERLE. That is right, but I heard a moment ago in advance testimony that you investigated this so-called situation down in North Carolina. You investigated it, you investigated one of your own people. Naturally you are not going to do anything with them. Mr. SHRIVER. They were not our own people. Those were people working there for a. delegate agency. This is only one case like this. We have had 50 cases. Mr. GARDNER. Mr. Shriver, I would have to disagree with you. This is not one case, this is a case that could establish a national precedent in which 50,000 community action workers throughout. 1,050 coin- munities in the United States could be involved in the political activi- ties of a community. If you can in any way, shape, or form tell me how this can improve the lot of those in the poverty condition I would like to hear it now. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Congressman, before you came here to Congress, last year Congress was worried about what you are worried about now. So they amended the law and made these people subject to the Hatch Act. The Hatch Act is enforced on behalf of the United States by the Civil Service Commission. We can refer cases to them. `We have done that. We have had a number of cases where we moved ahead and stopped that kind.of activity before there was the application of the Hatch Act to people. So what you are worried about we have all been worried about for a long time. We have stopped it wherever it de- ve1oped. That is my only point. Mr. GARDNER. I would differ with you on this. I don't think you have stopped it. It has been going on in Durham, N.C., for some time. Yes- terday on the telephone I asked you about a previous case in Durhani/ of which you had no knowledge, and I can understand this. Mr. SHRIVER. It was not that I had no knowledge of it. I didn' ~` re- member that case. In fact, in that case the guy involved was fired a year PAGENO="0833" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 829 ago for doing something wrong. All I am trying to say is that there is no law you can pass, there is no administrator you can get to run any- thing, including Durham, that can anticipate everything that will happen. What I am saying is that this agency is operating on a non- partisan basis without political involvement. In every case that has come to our attention since we started, now they are all covered by the Hatch Act, that puts the Civil Service Commission into it. Mr. GARDNER. I think it can be stopped by removing the poverty pro- gram from politics in every way. I intend to put in the record a copy of the report made by the minority investigator of the Education Com- mittee which proves that there was widespread political activity in Durham, N.C. We have tried to find any evidence of your investigator down there. The only thing we can find is one phone call from Wash- ington, D.C. Mr. SHRIVER. I am glad you could not find any traces. If he was a good investigator he did not leave any traces. No. 2, if there are violations then the Civil Service Commission en- forces the Hatch Act. That is in the law. We didn't write it. Congress wrote it. It has been on the books a long time. I am trying to say that we live under the law and we have lived under the law. Mr. GARDNER. I say the law has been broken in Durham, N.C. Mr. SHRIVER. Then that should be referred to the Civil Service Commission if you think so, and they will enforce it. I am trying to tell you we have done that on dozens of occasions where these allega- tions or rumors have been made in the past. So, again let me just say, we are trying to live up to the law. Our record on that I think is as good as any other agency of this Government. Mr. GARDNER. May I ask one more question. Do you think honestly, Mr. Shriver, that you can properly police the activities of 50,000 com- munity action workers throughout the United States when you have, as your excuse, that they can participate in nonpartisan activities in a community? Durham, for example? They could have determined the outcome of a mayor's race and city council race and determined the political climate of the city of a hundred thousand people on the taxpayer's money. Mr. SHRIVER. The answer is that I could not possibly do it by my- self, no. Fortunately, the people in Durham, N.C., who are involved, are not Carolinians. They are supervised and managed by North Caro- linians. Every one of these community action agencies in order to exist has to be, according to the statute, broadly representative of Durham. The people of Durham are watching them. You are watching them. The newspapers of Durham are watching them. Let me tell you something. They are not getting away with any- thing, because everybody is watching them. Mr. GARDNER. The people of Durham are upset, and they want some action taken on the situation. It has happened twice in a period of 2 years. Mr. SHRIVER. My gosh, twice? What happened the first time? Mr. GARDNER. The first time they were deeply involved in political activity in Durham, and the same thing happened the second time. Mr. SHRIVER. What happened the first time? 80-084 0-67--pt. 1-53 PAGENO="0834" 830 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. GARDNER. Finally he was removed after a good deal of pressure was puton OEO. Mr. SHRIVER. There was no pressure put on it. In this case Con- gressman Galifianakis brought this to our attention 3 or 4 weeks ago. We have been working on it as a result of his interest. The case has been investigated. I have written letters about it. Mr. GARDNER. I have been the only one in Durham that knows any- thing about the investigation. Those people who complained on the board of directors of the community action program had written let- ters to the director. They have never heard anything at all about an OEO investigation. I think it is quite strange those people who have complained, who are part of this program, part of this local commu- nity, have heard nothing. Mr. SHRIVER. The Congressman from that district seems to be satisfied with the investigation that has been made. Why don't you run against him, change your district and run against him there? Mr. GARDNER. I might have that prospect next year. Mr. SHRIVER. I thought you had. Mr. SCHERLE. I would be a little careful with those remarks, because if OEO is abolished you might need some Republican votes. You will beoutof a job, too. Mr. SHRIVER. I will be very happy with or without. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Chairman, may I have 5 minutes? Chairman PERKINS. Yes. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Crook, can you tell me what share of the appro- priations are that are allocated to VISTA? Mr. CROOK. The share of the entire OEO appropriations? Mr. SOHERLE. Annually. Mr. CROOK. We have $26 million this year out of $2,031 million in the new budget. Mr. SOHERLE. Thirty-one million dollars in the new budget? Mr. CROOK. Yes. Mr. SCHERLE. How many salaried employees do you have other than these dollar-a-year people? Mr. CROOK. We have 314 salaried employees. Fifty-one percent of them are in the field in the regional offices. The remaining are in the Washington office in Washington. Mr. SCHERLE. How many are in the field? Mr. CROOK. Fifty-one percent of 314. Mr. SCHERLE. Now you have said that the regional officers screen these people. Apparently they volunteer, through civic pride, with the idea in mind that they want to go out and be of assistance? This is what entices them to make application to belong to VISTA? Mr. CROOK. Yes; I think it is more than VISTA pride. These are peo- ple who are very deeply committed to the eradication of poverty in this country. They are driven beyond civic pride because they are will- ing to undergo personal loss and sacrifice and, in some cases, face per- sonal danger. Move away from their homes, from their background, out into the poverty areas where they live in slums, on Indian reserva- tions, and in migrant barracks. Mr. SCHERLE. What are their responsibilities after they have been screened and assigned, let us say? PAGENO="0835" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 831 Mr. CROOK. Of course, after they are screened and selected then they are given an intensive 6-weeks period of training during which time they are screened again. Those that successfully complete training- there are approximately 14 or 15 percent screened out during train- ing-are then assigned as best as possible, according to their choice of work, on Indian reservations, in the migrant stream in rural Ainer- ica, and they do the first thing they find at hand that will begin help- ing people to help themselves. Mr. SCHERLE. Do we have VISTA volunteers in Iowa? Mr. CROOK. You have VISTA's in Iowa; yes. Mr. SOTIERLE. This would not be a regional office, though? Mr. CROOK. No. We have seven regional offices. Mr. SCHERLE. Would it be in Kansas City or Omaha? Mr. CROOK. Kansas City would serve the VISTA's in Iowa. We have a total of 28 volunteers in that State. Mr. SCHERLE. Twenty-eight volunteers in the State of Iowa? Mr. CRooK. That is right. May I say, Mr. Congressman, while we have only 28 in Iowa, we have requests from Iowa for an additional 131. Mr. SOJIERLE. How many of those 28 are paid salaries? Mr. CROOK. None. These are all volunteers, unsalaried. Even the $50 that is given to them at the end of service is usually used to get the clothes to get back into the mainstream. So they actually spend far more than they receive from us. Mr. SCITERLE. You no doubt have a record where they are located. Mr. CROOK. Yes, and I will be happy to put it in the record or hand it to you. Mr. SCHERLE. I would like to have it personally, thank you. Mr. CROOK. Very well, sir. (The information requested follows:) VISTA IN IOWA AND THE SEVENTH DISTRICT State Number The district Volunteers in State Projects in State Volunteers from State Volunteers requested Projectsrequested Applicationsreceived 29 3 26 131 15 744 12 11 1 1 Woodward State School and Hospital, Woodward. PROJECTS Rural: 1 Project; 3 Volunteers. Homemakers Health Service, Inc., Centerville. Urban: 1 Project; 14 Volunteers. Polk County Community Action Council, Des Moines. Mental Health: 1 Project; 12 Volunteers. VISTA GROWTH IN IOWA In the last year, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of VISTA Volunteers and projects in Iowa. The number of Volunteers has grown three- fold-from nine a year ago to twenty-nine today. These Volunteers are assigned to three times as many projects-three projects today In comparison to one a year ago. PAGENO="0836" 832 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Requests for Volunteers to serve on projects in Iowa have also grown rapidly. A year ago, Iowa Project Sponsors were asking for 73 VISTA Volunteers to serve on five projects. Today they are asking for 131 Volunteers to be assigned to fifteen projects. VISTA IN IOWA VISTA Volunteers are working in the Woodward State School and Hospital, Iowa's first mental health project. Patient-students are being helped to return to community life in their work within the hospital and outside in the community. Within the hospital, the Volunteers are developing and conducting a recrea- tional project. In the community, the Volunteers will work with the patients to reintroduce them to tasks like shopping and using public transportation. The Volunteers work with local people-merchants and citizens' groups-to encourage them to accept and help former patients and assimilate them into the community. The VISTAs also help families and foster families in training and care for the mentally retarded. In cooperation with Welfare Department social workers, VISTA Volunteers assigned to the Homemakers Health Service, Inc., in Centerville help families avail themselves of services for which they are eligible. VISTA Volunteers also encourage and help people find jobs. The Volunteers are serving in outreach programs with public health nurses, programs designed to educate the poor in methods of improving health and sanita- tion and home management. Tutorial programs, counseling sessions and extending the services of 4-H Clubs are projects undertaken by VISTA Volunteers to stimulate local leadership within the community. VISTA IN DES MOINES There are 14 VISTA Volunteers assigned to the Polk County Community Action Council in Des Moines-Iowa's first urban project. Living and working with the poor in different parts of the city, they are affili- ated with Head Start groups throughout Des Moines. By working in Head Start classes, the Volunteers have gotten to know families and have become aware of the area's problems. VOLUNTEERS FROM 7TH DISTRICT Florence Wagner, 59, now serving for a second year in VISTA, is with the Community Action Fund in Bradenton, Florida. She spent her first year in Alaska where she served as a community nurse. PROFILE OF VOLUNTEERS IN IOWA In the last two years, 37 Volunteers from across the nation have served in Iowa. The 29 VISTAs presently working in the state hail from 11 states in the union, from California to Massachusetts. The youngest VISTA Volunteer in Iowa is 18; the oldest is 37. Volunteers in the state were trained for their assignments at seven different institutions conducting VISTA training programs. PROFILE OF VOLUNTEERS FROM IOWA Since the inception of VISTA, 72 Iowans have served as Volunteers-29 are currently in service. Those 29 now in service represent 20 different hometowns. As VISTA Volun- teers they are serving in 18 states-from Alaska to New York, including Hawaii and the District of Columbia. Volunteers from Iowa range in age from 18 to (iT. Of those now in service, six have re-enrolled for a second year in VISTA or extended their VISTA service beyond a year. Fifty-six VISTA Volunteers have attended colleges in the state. RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES IN IOWA VISTA ~recruiting teams have visited five of Iowa's colleges and universities, and have conducted successful campaigns in two of its cities-Des Moines and Davenport. PAGENO="0837" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 833 Mr. SCHERLE. Would VISTA be affiliated or associated with the community action programs on the local level, the two working hand in hand? Mr. CRooK. Yes. Approximately 89 percent of our volunteers work either for community action or are related to a community action funded agency. Mr. SCHERLE. The reason for my question is that in California a patrol has been set up of 15 or 20 youths, perhaps you are familiar with this, many of whom are school dropouts with records of juvenile ar- rests. Apparently they are assigned to be a watchdog for police bru- tality financed through HEW. Are you familiar with this at all? Mr. CRooK. Vaguely familiar with it. Mr. SCHERLE. Perhaps I should ask this question of Mr. Shriver. Are you familiar with this patrol that has been set up under HEW? It is in the Congressional Record of June 7. I would like to read this to you: I was distressed therefore when information was brought to my attention concerning a possible new breed of vigilantes that may arise from a modern experiment with justice. The information concerns the use of an untrained and unprofessional youth patrol for the purpose of spotting potential trouble spots and reporting instances of police brutality. This so-called community alert patrol that is operated in the highly sensitive Watts area of Los Angeles was originally granted $238,000. Now what is this patrol supposed to do? Authori- ties, at HEW contend that the group will not only check on the police but will alsd spot potential trouble spots and serve as a buffer between citizens and the police but the Assistant Director of the so-called OAP has publicly stated that the patrol will only be for instances of police brutality. They will not report any criminal acts which they may witness. Mr. ShElvER. First of all, Congressman, that has nothing to do with VISTA. VISTA is not connected with that at all. Mr. SCHERLE. That is the reason why I was in hope that some of the gentlemen at this table would have been kind enough to remain for the rest of the afternoon. Mr. SHElVER. I will be glad to answer those questions on that pro- gram if you would like me to. Mr. SOHERLE. Now? Mr. SHRIVER. Yes, sir. Mr. SCHERLE. You go right ahead. Mr. SHRIVER. First of all, it is a program which was proposed by and tentatively at any rate authorized by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Second, it is a program which the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare has written out there and trying to finance, so it has not started. It won't start and it has not been financed. Mr. SCHERLE. The question, Mr. Shriver, is how in the world could you even think about financing anything of this nature? Mr. SHRIVER. Of course that is a question that should be addressed to the Secretary of HEW. But let me say to you one thing about programs of that type. In the morning's newspaper you may have noticed that the mayor in Tampa is quoted as saying that he used a patrol exactly like that or similar to that to help himself in the city of Tampa with the youngsters involved with the riots in Tampa. I can tell you, as a matter of fact, that a number of other mayors of cities around the United States have in fact established similar patrols. 80-084 0-67-pt. l-54 PAGENO="0838" 834 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. SCHERLE. Could you possibly visualize what will happen to your law enforcement bodies, agencies, and commissions to have a group of young juveniles, delinquents, running amuck in the city trying to supervise the responsibilities of a police force? That is incomprehensible. Mr. SHRIVER. Let me make the point clear again. We have not financed such a program. It is not our program. No such program has been financed. What I was trying to tell you is that a number of mayors are using such programs. Whether you think it is good or I think it is good, they think it is good. They are the ones who have the policemen working for them. Mr. SCHERLE. As long as you have the microphone I would like to proceed with another question here directed to you. Mr. Shriver, I read recently where girls at the Job Corps center in Omaha were given birth control pills and given birth control classes. Now it seems to me if we are trying to give these people a helping hand toward a more rewarding life the least we should be able to expect is that they be taught the way of moral behavior in society. I have an article from the Omaha World Herald. I must say it raised quite a few eyebrows in the Middle West. Would you care to expound on this a little bit? Mr. SHRIVER. Yes. I have not seen the article from the Omaha World Herald that you are talking about, but let me just say, and I am sorry the Job Corps people are not here, the Women's Job Corps partic- ularly. Mr. SCHERLE. I am sorry they are not, too. Mr. SHRIvER. Le~t me just say that I think there is general unanimity of opinion among educators, including even, I noticed, the second highest man in the Vatican, whose name is-what is his name? Mr. SCHERLE. As a Catholic, Mr. Shriver, I understand what you are getting at. Mr. SHRIVER. It is the famous Italian Cardinal whose name I have forgotten who just yesterday, as a matter of fact, came out and said- Attaviani-he came out in support of sex education provided it was done under certain carefully prescribed circumstances. Mr. SCHERLE. I think the question here, Mr. Shriver, is why should t;he Government sponsor a sanctuary of this kind? Mr. SHRIVER. I suppose it is the same reason why in public schools if you want to call public schools sanctuaries they do the same thing. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Shriver, there is no comparison between the two. Mr. SHRIVER. Let me just say, you asked me to expound. I am not having much of a chance to expound. ,Just let me have a chance. I am willing to answer yes or no or expound. If you want me to expound I will expound. Mr. SCHERLE. On this I would rather have you expound. Mr. SHRIVER. The idea of the Job Corps centers is that the young- ster there should get a total education. Within that area of total edu- cation we provide physical education, medical education, education about sexual responsibilities, information about. family planning. Now this is done by experts who do it. under circumstances which are considered to be completely appropriate. There is no attempt to glam- orize or minimize the importance of the subject. PAGENO="0839" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 835 What we are trying to do is to help these people to become `better parents, to be more responsible people. You have to understand again, as was said here earlier, that the youngsters we train are not well informed in many areas of life. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Shriver, they don't need much. This is a natural instinct. They `don't need much education in this field. Mr. SHRIVER. Let me disagree, if I may, with you on that score. There are many things that people do naturally that they do need education about, such as their responsibilities and what those activities mean for their life as mature human beings. That is what we are try- ing to give to these youngsters. Mr. SCHERLE. If that is the end of your explanation you did a real poor job of trying to sell me on it. Furthermore, I don't think it will be too convincing to the American public, either. Mr. SHRIVER. I did not expect to be successful. All I am trying to do is explain what is going on. Mr. SCHERLE. I thank you very much. When Mr. Kelly and Dr. Gott.lieb return, we will have some more questions for them. `Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. SHRIVER. There are actual pamphlets and materials that are used in those programs just as there are in automotive work or cosmetology. Mr. SCHERLE. I am talking about the pills, Mr. Shriver. Mr. SHRIVER. The pills? Oh, the pills? Let it be clear- Mr. SCHERLE. You do not put them in a gas tank? Mr. SHRIVER. Let it be clear that we have a family planning pro- gram under the war against poverty. That program is conducted across the Nation in response to community action requests for those programs. It has so far been conducted in a way, Congressman, that it has not aroused the antagonisms of any religious groups, including yours, in the United States. I am not trying to say it is perfect. All I am trying to say is that it is being conducted in a way which treats the human beings involved with dignity, and which tries to develop their sense of responsibility. Mr. SCHERLE. Thank you. I do not feel you have answered my ques- tion, but we will let it drop for now. Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Dellenback. Mr. DELLENBACK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let me say initially, Mr. Crook, that I start off with some very warm feelings toward VISTA and I think the basic concept of uti- lizing volunteers has great potential so far as making the dollars that we are able to invest in programing go a tremendously long way. Some of the experiences I have had with VISTA leave me with the feeling that you have a number of dedicated and able people in the field. There is some information I would be interested in getting from you while we have this opportunity. Your first paragraph of your testimony dealt with some statistics on communities and requests and volunteers and so on. Can you in very simple form give us the pattern of selection of the VISTA people from this vast number of applications? How do you finally weed it down? What are the simple basic criteria you are looking for in your VISTA people? PAGENO="0840" 836 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. CRooK. May I itemize part of the selection process? When we receive an application from an individual we immediately ask for some seven or eight letters of recommendation from pastors, priests, professors, acquaintances, and so forth. We also begin looking for a pattern of success in the background of that individual. We want people who have succeeded even if they were only president of the junior class. We want people who are not obvious failures. We have a highly technical screening device broken down from grades 7 down to 1. I could give you information on exactly what each point means. Finally, we accept 1 out of every 5 or 6. But even then the selec- tion process does not end until that person has finished 6 weeks of intensive training during which time the instructors are able to observe them in a personal way for such things as maturity, flexibility, respon- sibility, and emotional stability. Mr. DELLENBACK. You touch on an impressive statistic when you say you think there are more than 3 million youngsters of college age who would serve in some capacity. Of course we are getting quite a few now. Where do you really hope to go in this program so far as the number of persons you have involved? Mr. CROOK. However, we want to grow slowly so that the program will not get away from us, so that we can continue a qualitative pro- gram. Are you asking me what size I would eventually see VISTA? Are you .asking me what size I would eventually see VISTA? Mr. DELLENBACK. Yes. Mr. CROOK. I will see VISTA doubled or tripled with no difficulty at all. I believe the impact would be more than tripled if we should do that someday. Mr. DELLENBACK. You indicate `that there were $46 million in VISTA's fiscal 1967 budget. Mr. CROOK. $26 million. Mr. DELLENBACK. I was concerned that what we were talking about was a reduction in request here. Actually are you talking about $26 million authorized in fiscal 1967, or appropriated? Mr. CROOK. Appropriated in 1967. We are asking for $31 million for next year. Under the other bill of which Mr. Quie is speaking they are asking to hold VISTA to $26 million in fiscal 1968. If this should happen it would mean tha't we would conclude the year of 1968 with only 3,000 volunteers. We will not be able to main- tain our current strength. We will actually have to cut back 1,500 volunteers. Mr. DELLENBACK. Wi~ereas if you have the $31 million which you are asking for under the budget you will be able to increase your strength from what figure to what figure? Mr. CROOK. We will be able to increase our strength from approxi- mately 3,500 in the field today to 4,250 at the end of this fiscal year, which we will maintain for 12 months in fiscal 1968. On top of that we will have approximately 2,400 VISTA associates working in the summer months. Most of these being comprised of col- lege students and students from the areas, people from the areas. On top of that we believe, sir, that we can have additional 100,000 part-time volunteers who will give 4,6, 10 hours a week working along- side of the regular volunteers. PAGENO="0841" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 837 Mr. DELLENBACK. This is your Citizen Corps? Mr. CROOK. This is the Citizens' Corps. Mr. DELLENBAOK. How do you go about selecting these people? Mr. CROOK. These people will be invited to serve in several ways. For one thing, we are working with Headstart and we will send letters out. We will ask local community action agencies to send letters out asking people to volunteer. The President has signed a letter which will be used to ask the 160,000 or more people who have not been able to get into VISTA not to give up but to give their energies on a part- time basis and to apply to some war on poverty effort, either with Job Corps, with community action, or with summer recreation. There are any number of things that they can do. Mr. DELLENBACK. How do you plan to organize and control them if they are nonpaid employees? Mr. CROOK. This is a problem, frankly, that caused us some concern until we realized that we already had 20,000 of them working for local sponsors side by side with regular volunteers `and there had not been one incident where control was necessary. They will be working for local sponsors. They will be screened by local sponsors and they will be fired by local sponsors if their work is not satisfactory. Mr. DELLENBACK. Is there any compensation whatever to them? Mr. CROOK. No, sir, there is no compensation. If they serve success- fully we hope to present them with a certificate which Mr. Shriver, I am sure, will graciously sign. Mr. DELLENBACK. I notice in the statistics, not what you presented us today but in the background booklet, you have some educational profile of VISTA workers with a tremendous emphasis on college. You have almost three-quarters, if I recall the statistics, of the VISTA volunteers having attended college. This does not mean, I suppose, a degree necessarily but at least some time there. Is there any change taking place in this? Are you going to continue to be able to tap the college graduate or the college matriculate for this purpose, or are you making any attempt to change this in any way? Mr. CROOK. You referred to the 75 percent which had attended college? Mr. DELLENBACK. That is right. I pointed out this did not mean graduate, but some college experience. Mr. CROOK. That is right. Of that number, 70 percent returned to college upon completing VISTA service. There has been some talk that we are luring college `students away. Our answer to that is that prob- ably we are one of the greatest aids to the college dropout problem in the country. Twenty-one percent of the volunteers had high school education only. We are deliberately trying to recruit from the raiiks of the poor. We have approximately 10 percent of our volunteers now serving from the ranks of the poor in very effective liaison rules. Mr. DELLENBACK. Those are not included in either your 22 or 21 percent of your 74 percent? Mr. CROOK. No, you were asking whether we were considering any change. That would be a change. Mr. DELLENBACK. That is not yet reflected in your statistics but you are in the process of moving in that direction? PAGENO="0842" 838 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. CROOK. I would say now that we have 10 percent of our volun- teers from the ranks of the poor although we have no way to get salary levels. We don't ask the people who join VISTA if they come from the poor. I would say we have approximately 10 percent from the poor. Mr. IDELLENBACK. Is this among the ranks of the volunteers or among the ranks of the Citizens' Corps? Mr. CROOK. The vohmteers. In our associate program, 33 percent of the 2,400 summer associates will be taken from the ranks of the poor. In Puerto Rico we have 200 people serving in a program called VESTRA, all of them taken from the ranks of the poor, trained, and sent back to do very, very effective work. Mr. DELLENBACK. You do not look upon the VISTA program so far as the constituency of it is concerned as a direct service to the poor, do you? Isn't this an indirect service? Mr. CROOK. It is an indirect service. Mr. DELLENBACK. Are you making an effort to have the poor in- volved in the initial instance in the volunteers and, secondly, is the Citizens' Corps directly recruited from the ranks of the poor? Mr. CROOK. Yes. Mr. DELLENBACK. You intend to move from this direction having as many as 10 percent? Mr. CROOK. Yes. Mr. DELLENBACK. This comes as a surprise to me because it is so out of line with 22-percent high school and 70-percent college statistics. Mr. CROOK. This is something we stumbled on when we visited among the poor and among our volunteers. The volunteers were saying, "Look, we are having difficulty in communicating; we have a good guy here, who is 19, he is stable, he is bright; if he were a volunteer he could help us." Mr. DELLENBACK. Are you in the process of making any changes of significance so far as the assignments of your people are con- cerned? Somewhere in the background I recall having heard testi- mony about shifting toward local assignment. Mr. Goodell, I think, asked a question on this. I do not feel that the answer that you gave was really responsive. It did not come clear to me that you were really answering the question. You made a response in the area of Citizens' Corps and he thought that is what you were talking about. The Citizens' Corps is somewhat different, I assume, than the local assignment of volunteers. Is it not? Mr. CROOK. All volunteers are assigned locally. They are assigned by us to local sponsors. The sponsor, in turn, assigns the volunteer to the particular part of the block of the community or the project where he wants them to work. Mr. DELLENBACK. I a1m talking about source of volunteer and as- signment of volunteer. Are you taking many Californians putting them in New Jersey? Are you taking many Minnesotans putting them in Tampa? Is there any effort being made by VISTA to take them from a community from which they volunteer and put them in a community about which presumptively they know best? Mr. CROOK. I doubt that VISTA would go all the way on that and put volunteers in their very own community. Reorganization, which has taken place in VISTA, is more or less keeping the recruits-the volunteers-within the region where they volunteered, but we find that PAGENO="0843" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 839 a volunteer who, after all, is expected to be on duty 24 hours a day just does better if he is living away from home. In the city it may be across town but it is not in the same neighbor- hood where he would carry the liabilit.ies of old enmities and ac- quaintances and so forth. Mr. DELLENBAOK. Are you making an effort to really assign within city if not within neighborhood? Mr. CROOK. No, we are not making that effort because, as much as possible we want the volunteers to choose the kind of work and the geography involved. We think regionalization will inevitably move u~ to the point where a person works pretty well in his home region but, in the case of Indian projects if a volunteer comes from New York he has to go to Arizona or to one of the reservation areas. In the case of migrants which are highly mobile, he can not work at home in New York. Mr. DELLENBACK. To what degree is this regionalization concept an ideal and to what degree is it accomplished fact as of now? Mr. CROOK. It is an accomplished fact as of now. We still have some employment problems in the regions, space to fill, but our people are there. Most of all the functions that are going to be regionalized are already in the field. Mr. DELLENBACK. Just two more brief questions, if I may. So far as the payments to the volunteers are concerned, I am not certain that I understood some of your prior responses in this regard. You indicate that you pay $3,550 per year to a volunteer, included in which is $600, at the rate of $50 a month, that is put in a savings account and given to him upon termination. Is that correct? Mr. CROOK. That is correct. Mr. DELLENBAOK. Is that a fixed amount then of $2,950 that goes to all volunteers, whatever the age, whatever the locale? Mr. CROOK. I have an itemization if I may read it briefly. It is not fixed because expenses are different in different parts of the country. Could I just give you the breakdown? Mr. DELLENBACK. Yes. Mr. CROOK. These are, you understand, averages. The $600 stipend; living allowance, $833; food and lodging, $1,250; a leave allowance of $70; transportation averages out $200 to $225-this is one of the areas we believe regionalization will really save us some money. Inservice training is an additional $100-this is for conferences and for extra training procedures within the time of service. Clothing allowance, $100-this, of course, runs more in Alaska than it does in Florida. There is a moving-in allowance of some $75 which doesn't cover much moving in. And medical insurance of $198. This totals around $3,500. Mr. DELLENBACK. There are variations in these expenses? Mr. CROOK. Yes. Mr. DELLENBAOK. These are intended to be expenses except for the $600? Mr. CROOK. That is right. There are variations according to the sec- tion of the country. Mr. DELLENBACK. Are there many husband and wife teams involved in this? PAGENO="0844" 840 EiCON'OMIC OPPORTUNITY A~T AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. CROOK. The exact figures on husband and wife teams I do not know. We would be happy to provide that for you and put it in the record if we may. Mr. DELLENBAOK. Fine. Will you do so. Mr. CROOK. Yes, because we have some very colorful effective teams. Mr. DELLENBAOK. I am aware of their effectiveness. I am not par- ticularly aware of their colorfulness. (Information to be furnished follows:) Profile of VISTA volunteers Age: Percent 18 to 19 4 20 to 24 68 25 to 49 15 50 and over 13 Total 100 Sex: Female Male 46 Total 100 Marital status: Single 87 Married Widowed 6 Total 100 Education: High school only 21 Attended college 75 Technical school 4 Total 100 Mr. DELLENBACK. Are there any particular needs that VISTA has aside from the Rome t.o which all roads lead, money, that need to be made in title VIII, the VISTA section of the law? Mr. OROOK. I can think of none that has not been covered in the proposed legislation. Mr. DELLENBAOK. Unfortunately, I was trying to scan hurriedly to see exactly where in H.R. 8311 were the proposed amendments to title VIII. Can you give it to us briefly, what are the significant changes that need to be made in the basic law so far as you~ Mr. CROOK. The two significant changes would be the Citzens' Corps and clarification of the bill which permits us to give greater attention to part-time volunteerism. There is a section that enables us to do more work with the elderly than we have been doing in the past. Other than that, I think it is very much the same as last year. Mr. DELLENBACK. These are not really critical changes? Mr. CROOK. These are not dramatic changes; no, sir. Mr. DELLENBACK. These will be helpful changes in the law? Mr. CROOK. Yes, mainly in the area of clarification. Mr. DELLENBACK. Fine. Thank you, Mr. Crook. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, very much. PAGENO="0845" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 841 Mr. CROOK. Thank you, sir. ~13hairman PERKINS. Mr. Steiger. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Crook, I would join with my colleague, Mr. Dellen- back, in indicating my belief that you run one of the better programs of the Office of Economic Opportunity. I think there is a tremendous amount of value for VISTA. My own experience in talking with VISTA volunteers and seeing the kind of programs you carry on indicates to me that this is something in which we have made a wise investment. There are several things I would like to cover with you. Mr. DELLENBACK. Would the gentleman yield for just a moment? Mr. STEIGER. Yes. Mr. DELLENBACK. You realize, my colleague, we may be doing them harm by praising them under the circumstances. Mr. CROOK. To the contrary, I was about to invite Mr. Steiger when lie completes a long and distinguished career in the Congress to join VISTA. Mr. STEIGER. In the legislation, H.R. 8311, you have added a new section, section 811 (a), in which you add a sentence saying that "This shall include a commitment to live among and at the economic level of the people served." I assume that this is a new provision and I wonder if you can give us any of the reasons why this came about. Was this a problem pre- viously? Mr. CROOK. I do not believe that is a new provision. Mr. BAKER. Congressman, I think that among other things that we have tried to do in drafting this bill, there was considerable feeling that the act as it is does not very aptly or clearly describe many of the programs that are authorized. One of the things we tried to do was to make it, to put the new English into it, what some of these programs are about so that the people could read the act and come a little closer to understanding what was actually going on. We did not intend that to be a substantive change. It was just a clarification of what VISTA was all about. Mr. STEIGER. I happen to think it is a good thing. Mr. CROOK. It has been a policy from the beginning of VISTA. Mr. STEIGER. But not everyone has always followed it? Mr. CROOK. Everyone in VISTA has always followed it. Mr. STEIGER. Without wishing to get into any names I recall one particularly well-known individual, who if I remember correctly, com- muted a substantial distance to get into Spanish Harlem where he was a VISTA volunteer. In this case lie was not at that point living among and at the economic level. Mr. SHRIVER. That was during his training period. The person who reported on that was his colleague who was training him and said lie ought to stay up there and live up there. Mr. STEIGER. I think it is a good thing, as a matter of fact, that it be a requirement. Can you give us any idea as to what programs you may have in mind as this relates to section 821 in which you are allowed not to exceed 10 percent of the sums appropriated or calculated to carry out provisions of this section, to contract for special volunteer programs designed to PAGENO="0846" 842 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 stimulate, initiate, improved methods of providing volunteer services, etcetera? Mr. CROOK. I think this is the section that gives us latitude in new programs such as the associate program, Citizens Corps, and others that we are now working with which we hope to be able to announce in the near future. Mr. STEIGER. That is all that is? Mr. BAKER. Essentially we are not authorized, really, to expend any amount of money to amount to anything at all in the encouragement of other non-VISTA volunteer sort of activities. Anything that a VISTA volunteer does he could not use VISTA money or OEO money to put up, to paint a sign, to erect a sign for people to come and volunteer for, say, work in a hospital or work with Headstart. This authorizes the expenditure of money by VISTA for non-VISTA volunteer programs, for the sort of thing they talked about in the citizens' volunteer pro- gram, the purely local, just encouraging other people to get out. There are some expenses involved you can use the money for. Mr. STEIGER. Thank you for clarifying that. What comments, Mr. Crook, would you have on what is proposed in title VI of the opportunity crusade as it relates to VISTA? Mr. CROOK. I have to confess, Mr. Congressman, there is very little there that does relate. I have not spent a great deal of time studying that. There are only a few words that pertain to VISTA. My one con- cern as I expressed to the other gentleman was that it would keep VISTA at the funding level of $26 mililon which would mean a very dramatic cutback. Mr. STEIGER. Let me interrupt to say that there are five pages de- voted to the VISTA. Mr. CROOK. Those five pages then I have not seen, nor been provided with. Mr. STEIGER. In other words, you have not seen a copy of H.R. 10682? Mr. BAKER. I think what he has probably seen was a short synposis prepared in my office. Mr. DELLENBACK. We will be glad to make 33 copies or whatever number you need, available. Mr. CROOK. You know when you are riding in a fast, sleek boat, and enjoying the ride and knowing that you are on time and you have a good skipper, you don't spend a lot of time studying the lifeboat. Our bill is so good, we are so pleased with it, that I have not spent a lot of time on other bills. Mr. DELLENBACK. If you are going to pull into a harbor it is well to check the docking facilities. Mr. STEIGER. With that I would agree. Then there is little purpose, frankly, in going on and discuss the hometown VISTA program which I would assume is very similar to your own volunteer citizens' program- that you have as part of the new legislation for VISTA. If you haven't read it you can't dis- cuss it. I regret very much that you have not had a change to look at it. I suggest to you that you do because I think it would be valuable both in terms of trying to determine those areas in which we can make improvements as well as in attempting to find out what weak- ness, if any, exists in the present ongoing program. PAGENO="0847" ECONOMIC OPPORTTJNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 843 What kinds of programs do you have in mind for the participation of older persons in section 832 of 8311? Mr. CROOK. Of the volunteers now serving in VISTA approxi- mately 11 percent are above the age of 50. As I said in my earlier comments, the oldest is 86. We are making more and more ap- peals to retired people who have a great accumulation of experi- ence and talent and who would come out of retirement to perform a service. At the same time a great many of our projects are related to the elderly. I think 12 percent of our volunteers now work in some capacity with the elderly. We have not devised or designed any specific further plan than that but we do feel that this bill will give us again some some latitude as we concentrate more and more on this problem. Mr. STErnER. Can you give me any indication as to what the length of training for a VISTA volunteer is? Mr. CROOK. The length of training is 6 weeks. Mr. STEIGER. For all volunteers a basic 6-week program? Mr. CROOK. Mr. Congressman, if I may ask, I have now a copy of the bill which I did read and I still see only the two paragraphs. What is the page number of the several pages on VISTA? Mr. STEIGER. Pages ~71 through 76. Mr. DELLENBACK. All of title VI. Mr. CROOK. This mainly is a repetition of the present title with the HEW. Mr. SHRIVER. You see, five pages except for two paragraphs is what we already have. In other words, the five pages is what we already except for two paragraphs. Do I make that clear? Mr. STEIGER. I would assume that is the case. I looked at both of them to find out where there were differences and the differences are not great. Mr. CROOK. I was referring only to the differences which I saw. I have read it all. Mr. STErnER. That clarifies it a little bit. The one difference that I did find besides the obvious difference of where the program would be operated is the 15 percent which is pro- vided in the opportunity crusade against the 10 percent that is pro- posed in your program, what your counsel talked about as attempting to bring in and use some other funds for non-VISTA related programs and operations. Those are all the questions I have. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question? Chairman PERKINS. Go ahead, Mr. Dellenback. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Cook, while we are speaking in terms of this and in the realm of just searching for information on it, what would be the impact upon VISTA if we were to face, as 10682 does, the basic concept of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare-would you have any idea as to the impact on the VISTA program if the pre- visions of 10682 were to be incorporated in law? Would this cripple you badly? Mr. CROOK. It would cripple us. For one thing, VISTA relates across the board to other agencies and proposals. I think there would be some difficulty there. Mr. DELLENBACK. Would you not be able to work effectively with them if the general administration were changed? PAGENO="0848" 844 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 Mr. `CROOK. I am not at all sure; 86 percent of our present vol- unteers and programs are related to other OEO programs, many of them with Job Corps, Upward Bound, Headst:art. We would be moving across agencies in order to get back our rapport with these projects. Mr. DELLENBACK. Are most of your relations with them up through the director's office and back down into the program, or directly across into the other programs? Mr. CROOK. They are at the local level. Mr. DELLENBACK. Would it be your anticipation then that t.his would cripple you badly? Mr. CROOK. Yes. Mr. STEIGER. Would you yield? Mr. DELLENBACK. I will yield. Mr. STEIGER. It should be clearly understood that the basic thrust of the opportunity crusade would transfer `all of those programs with which you are now working as a part of OEO into HEW so that we are not here talking about a single isolated transfer of simply VISTA which would then be at cross purposes. We are talking `about `a whole transfer so that the agency itself would remain perhaps very similar to what it is now, in terms of your operations in OEO. Mr. CROOK. I don't even know how HEW feels about this. I am hardly in a position to give too much of an opinion, myself. Mr. DELLENBACK. We are not asking you to go on record as favor- ing 10682 or accepting the basic concepts that are there involved. We are asking you what you visualize in the way of concrete impact. Thank you. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Scherle is not here any longer, but Mr. Chair~ man, I have in front of me the Omaha World Herald. Since wheU- ever you talk about Job Corps and sex education, the two of them to- gether are usually calculated to get somebody excited, I would like to just read from this newspaper report that Congressman Scherle gave me an exerpt from. It says here: "Birth control pills may be given to Job Corps girls only if their own personal physician prescribes them. Pills can be given if the center's physician prescribes them for the girl's health. All matters relating to the girl's health in the Job Corps are delegated to physi- cians. The girls have the same doctor-patient relationship other per- sons who are not in the Job Corps have." So I bring that out here to make it clear that what we `are attempting to `do in the area of sex education or with birth control pills or birth control information is no different for girls in the Job Corps than what those girls would be getting if they were not in the Job Corps, and had their own private physician to help them. Normally these girls in the Job Corps don't have a private physi- cian to help them but now they do have a private physician: What we are trying to provide to them is what other Americans are able to get who are not in the Job Corps. It is under the guidance of physicians. It is not as I thought might have been indicated by the previous ref- erence. Chairman PERKINS. Are there any further questions? Let me take this opportunity, Sargent Shriver, to again thank you for a most outstanding appearance, in my judgment, and this includes PAGENO="0849" ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1967 845 all your assistants. You have presented witnesses who know their jobs and who have pointed up the great job that is being done under the various programs. The committee will recess until Monday at ~ :30 a.m. I don't know what time, Mr. Shriver, to tell you to come back, whether it will be 10 o'clock or 11 o'clock, but I am hopeful that we will be able to get the Teaching Professions Act, which is title V, of the Higher Edu- cation Act, reported within a very short period of time so that we can resume with your testimony on Monday morning. As I understand it, the Neighborhood Youth Corps will be next. Mr. SHRIVER. I am not sure about that as a result of our conver- sation a little while ago, but we will either continue with it or with another section or segment of the total program. Chairman PERKINS. You present the segment of your testimony that you want to present. Mr. SHRIVER. We will try to inform the members before Monday morning as to what part of the program we would like to discuss Mon- day morning. Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Chairman, I think we have touched on both of the things that I was going to ask about. It would seem to me from the standpoint of efficient utilization of time on the part of Mr. Shri- ver and his people, that instead of forcing them to come en masse, it would be highly desirable, as evidently you and Mr. Shriver have arranged, that we localize out and pick whatever program or pro- grams are going to be heard at a given time so that those people can come. I don't think any of us expect them to bring the whole crew at one time. Also, Mr. Shriver, I think it would also be good if it is to be a given program that we know this in advance because some of us particularly want to hear and see certain programs. Chairman PERKINS. I will instruct the committee to call you tomor- row just as soon as we get the notice. Somebody will be here in the committee and do that job. Mr. SHRIVER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Chairman PERKINS. The committee is recessed until 9:30 Monday morning, June 22, when it will meet in executive session on pending business. (Whereupon, at 5 :15 p.m., the committee was recessed, to reconvene in executive session 9 :30 a.m., Monday, June 19, 1967.) 0 PAGENO="0850"