PAGENO="0001"
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PAGENO="0003"
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2
For the record, Mr. MeKelvey's biography and Dr. Pecoia's letter
will 1)e included at this point.
( The documents referred to follow:)
I3IOGRAPHY OF VINCENT ELLIS MCKi~LVEY
Bor~.-I1untingdon, Pa., April 6. 1916.
JiJ(luca twfl.-PI iinary and secomlary schools, Be11ei~onte, 1-lazelton, and Everett
Pa. Dickinson Seminary, W'ilIiain~port, Pa. Syracuse University, BA. with lion-
ors in geology, 1937. Universily of Wisconsin, MA. 1939, Ph. P. in geology 194~'.
1~ amity-Parents (Iecease(1. Married June 5, 1931, Genevieve Patricia Bov~ man
of Blowii;~burg, i'a. T~U~vo children, .1-tobert B., (leC('flS(i ; Gremgoi'v ~F). ~i, Bear
Creek Mimming Co., 7729 S. Fenton, Llttletoii, Colorado, Residence 6601 Broxburn
Drive, Bethesda, Md.
. Professional ernployiii cnt.-Junior Geo1ogb~t, S ii C'onservation service, l)art-
tme, 19~~S-l94O. Ass t Geologist, WTisconsiri Geological and iXatural Llsmtory Stir-
vey, summers 1938-1940. Visiting lecturer, Stani~ rd University, spring 1956.
Geologist, U.S. Geological Smvey, 1$)41-preseimt.
Piofcs~ionai c.ipcricncc.--Geology of manganese deposits. Nevada and Ar!-
zona, 1941-1942. Geology of vana(l iferous sliales, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah,
1912-1943. Military geology, 1944-1945. Consultant, Chief of Engineers, Manila,
1915. Geology of phosphate 1111(1 11i:1111U111 deposits, 1(10110, W.\ 0111mg. Montana,
TI! aim, 1946-1949. U.S. Civil Service Board of Examiners for time U.S. Geological
~urvey, 1946-1917 (Chairman). Chief, Radioactive Mmerals Office, 1950-1P53.
Geology of western ihosihate deposits, 1954-1959. Minerals Specin~sit. U.S.I.C.A.-
Government of Jordan, fall 1058. A~s't Chief Geologist for Interagency Pro-
grams, 1960-1962. Ass't Chief' Geologist for Economic arid Foreign Geology. 1062-
1965. Minerals and Fuels Subcommittees. Federal Council for Science and Tech-
nology, 1961-1063. Department of the Interior Energy Policy Staff, 1961-1969.
U.S. advisor to Energy Committee, Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, 1965-1967. TT.S. repre~enta tive to Government Advisory Committees
on Energy and Minerals, United Nations Resource 1111(1 Transport Division, 1067.
Advisor on phosphate exploration Government of Smmdi Arabia, 1967. Leader,
1)epartnient of tile Interior Stu(ly Group, Outer Continental Shelf oil, gas. and
sulfur leasing poliy, 1968. ITS, representative to United Nations Committee on
Peaceful Uses of time Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond time Limits of National
Jurisdiction, 1968-1971. Senior Research Geologist, 1969-1971. Chief Geologist,
1971.
Scientific and profes8ionai socictics.-Sigma Xi. Geological Society of `~\Tm1shi
ington. American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow). Ameri-
can Geological Institute (Member of Board of Directors, 1968-1971). Geological
Society of America (Fellow, Meniber of Council, 1968-1972). Society of Economic
Geologist'~ (Member of Council, 1067-1070). American Geophysical Union Fel-
low). Washington Academy of Science. Economic Geology Publishing C. (Mem-
ber of Board of Directors). Geochemical Society. Cosmos Club. American Insti-
tute of Mining Engineers.
Honors.-Departlllent of time Interior Distinguished Service Award, 1963.
ATME 1-lenry Icrumb Lecturer, 1968. Seventh Hugh Extoim McKimistry Memorial
Lecturer, harvard University 1071.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF V. E. McKnm vn~
1. 1939. Stream and valley sedimemmtatiofl in time Coon Creek drainage basin,
Wisconsin: M.A. Thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin.
2. 1939. An Ordoviciilfl ZittleocoraS from Wisconsin: Jour. Paleo., v. 13, 4-~6.
3. 1039. (with Twenhofel, W. I-I.) The sediments of Devils Lake. a eutrophic-
oligotrophic lake of southern Wisconsin: Jour. Sedimentmu'y I'etroiogy, v. 9, p.
lor_lol
4. 1040. Beach sediments of Trout Lake, Wisconsin: Jour. Sedimentary Petrol-
10 6~-77
`witii I-lehman, N. M.) A hydrometer-PiPette method for mechanical
analvsis Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 11, p. 3-9.
6. 1041. Time flotation of sand in nature Am. Jour. Scm., v. 239. p. 594-60g.
7. 1041. (with Twenhofel, W. H.) Sediments of fresh-water lakes: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geol. Bull., v. 25, p. 826-849.
PAGENO="0005"
PAGENO="0006"
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PAGENO="0007"
5~ ~ , I
56. 1965. (and Duncan, D. C.) United States and World Resources of Energy; ~ ~
~&rn. Chern. Soc., Div. of Fuel chemistry Preprth.ts, v. 9, no. 2, p. 17. Also 1967, ,
Proc~ Third Symposium on the Development of Petroleum Resotirces of 4$a and
the F~r East, EOAFE, Mm. Res. Develop. Series no. 26, v. II, p. 9-16.
57. 1066. Reply to J. M, Ryan, Limitations of statistical methods for predlct1n~
petroleum and natural gas reserves and availability : J. Petroleum Tech., V. 18,
p. 287. ~
58. 1966. Minerals and mineral fuels : Garden Clubs of America Study Guide.
5'i. IOeG. (with Ilarrthgton, J. F.~ and Ward, D. E.) Sources of fertilizer
minerals in South America, a preliminary study : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1240.
60. 1966. (and Chase, Livthgston~ Selecting areas favorable for subsea pros-
pecting : Marine Technology Soc. Trans.. p. 44-60.
(`4. II~6T. Phosphate deposits : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1252-D. Abs. reprinte~
in .1908. ECAFE Mm. Ros. 1)evelop. Series no. 32.
02. 1967. (and Taylor, G. C.) Problems and opportunities for resource devel-
Opfl1eflt in Jordan 111(l Israel : Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate
Hearii~g~ on S. Res. 155, 90th Cong., 1st session, p. 101-104. ~
(33. 1t~G7. (with Sheldon. R. P., Cressman, E. R., and Cheney,T. M.) Middle
Rocky Mountains mid northeastern Great B~siii : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper
. 515-H.
64. 1967. (with Cloud, P. B.. Jr.) The environmentai sciences and national
goals ; in APPlied Sciei~ce and Technological Progress, a report to the Committee
on Science and Astronautics, U.S. 1{oi~se of Rep., p. 229-254.
cz~. i9C,S. Phospliate~ and guano : Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, in press.
6~i. I IJfl8. Al)Pa'Iacllia-Problenls and opportunities : IT. S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 580, 1). 8-13. Rep~'intod in `i))p(liflCl!ia, i\{ay 1968, p. 28-32.
67. 1968. Conti'adictious in energy resource estimates : in Energy, NortI~-
we~4ern Univ. Press, p. 13-26.
68. U)6S. Mineral potential of the submcrged parts of the continents : Ocean
Sd. Industries, v. 3, no. 9. p. 37-4~ ; Univ. of Rhode Island Grad. School
Oceanogtm phy Occasiona] Pith. 4.
(39. 19(~S. Minei'~l phosphates ; Encyclopedia Britannica.
70. 1908. Objectives and irieasures of minerals policy: CENTO symposium
on development and utilization of mineral resources, p. 157-172.
`fl. 1969. (arid btoert~, George E., and Vedder, John G.) Subsea physiographic
provlwes arid their mineral potential ; Geol. Survey (Mrc. 619, p. 1-9.
72. 19(39. Progress in the exploration and exploitation of subsea petroleum
resources arid its implications for development beyond the limits of national
jurisdiction; U.S. Geol. Circ. 619, p. 16-42.
73. 19. Poteiithd ill effects of subsea mineral exploitation and measures
to prevent them: U.S. Geal. Survey Cire. 619, p. 14-16.
74. 1909. Progress in time exploration and exploitation of hard-minerals from
the seabed: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 619, p. 13-14.
7~. 1969. The origin, ineiuence, effects, and means of prevention and control
of oil-well blowouts: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 619, p. 19-22.
70. 1060. implications of geologic and economic factors to seabed resource
allocation, development, and management: U.S. Geol. Survey (Jire. 619, p. 22-~26.
77. 1069. (and Wang, Frank F. H. ~) World subsea mineral resources: U.S.
(leol. Sur-ey Miscellaneous Geol. investigations May 1-632, revised, 1970.
78. 1969. Statement before the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of Nation'rl Jurisdiction, August 15,
1969.
79. 1969. Statement before the Economic ~nd Technical Sub-Committee of the
UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the
Limits of National Jurisdiction, August 20, :tooo.
80. 1970. Statement before the U~ ~ommnittee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and `Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, ~1arch 10,
1970.
Si. 1970. Statement before the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, March 11,
1970.
82. 1970, Statement before the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, March 13,
1970.
PAGENO="0008"
6
83. 1970. Statement before the UN committee oii the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed ~tnd Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, August 17,
1970.
84. 1970. (and Wang, F. H., Schweinfurth, S. P., and Overstreet, W. 0.)
Potential mineral resources of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelves : Clearing-
house for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, PB 188 717, v. IV.
85. 1970. Role of minerals in economic development : XV Convencion de
Igneieros de Minas del Peru, in press.
86. 1971. Abundance and distribution of phosphorus in the lithosphere: in
Environmental phosphorus handbook, John Wiley, in press.
87. 1971. (and Wang, F. i-I.) Subsea mineral resources: Southwest Legal
Foundation, in press.
88. 1971. Statement before the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee
Twelfth Session concerning rules governing seabed mineral exploration and ex-
ploitation contained in the U.S. Draft Convention on the International Seabed
Area, Jauary 20, 1971, ~Jo1ombo, Ceylon.
89. 1971. Culturally accelerated sedimei~tation, Coon Creek drainage hesin,
Wisconsin: Discussion to accompany AS'E Proc. Paper 7268, in press.
90. 1971. Mineral resource estimates aiid public policy: Seventh McKinstry
Memorial Lecture, Harvard tTiiiv. Amer. Scientist, iii press.
91. 1971. Statement before the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, March 25,
1971.
92. 1971. Statemeut before the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, August 4,
1971.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TIlE INTERIOR,
OFFICE OF TIlE SECRETARY.
Washington, D.C., November 23, 1971.
Hon. HENRY M. JACKSON,
Chairman, Senate Committee oa Interior and Insular Affairs, Washington, D.C.
DEAR Mn. CHAIRMAN: Permit me by this letter to recommend favorable action
by your Committee in review of the qualifications of Dr. Vincent E. MeKelvey
for the position of Director of the United States Geological Survey.
I have known Dr. McKelvey as a good friend and professional colleague for
more than thirty years, He is an outstanding scientist and a recognized leader in
the geological profession. As a career professional in the Geological Survey for
many years, he has won the strong support of hi~ colleagues by reason of his in-
dividual research accomplishments and his proved management capability in
scientist-administrafion.
In his writings he has shown the rare ability to inform the public and non-
scientists in words that are understandable and, at the same time, in keeping
with the integrity of the subject. lie has developed a good image iii the utiliza-
tion of his science in matters of resource understanding and environmental
protection.
If accepted by your Committee, I)r. MeKelvey will become the ninth Director
of the Geological Survey in its 92 years. In the tradition of the Survey, the
National Academy of Sciences, in respondiiig to a request from the Secretary of
the Interior, formed a search committee and provhied a slate of the most quali-
fied candidates for this post for the consideration by the Secretary. Dr. McKei-
vey's name was on that recommended slate. This admirable tradition is largely
responsible for the outstanding record of the Geological Survey in its service to
the Congress and to the people of the United States.
Sincerely yours,
W. T. I~ECORA,
Under Secretary.
Senator BIBLE. I have had the privilege, I think, for the first time
yesterday of meeting Dr. McKelvey. I was quite impressed with his
background and his expertise in this field and his 30 years of service
toU~SGS.
PAGENO="0009"
7
I was happy to see he spent some of his earlier years in the battle
over manganese deposits in clark County, with a good western back-
ground.
Senator Auderson, do you have any questions of the dOctor at this
time?
Senator ANDERSON. No questions.
Senator BIBLE. Senator Jordan?
Senator JORDAN. No questions.
Senator BIBLE. Senator Fannin?
Senator FANNIN. No questions, Mr. Chairman.
Senator Bn~rj~. Doctor, I turn the witness chair over to you. It looks
as if it is a rather easy witness chair the way it seems right now, but
you never know what you might say in the statement that might open
it up, so you just go right ahead and go.
STATEMENT OP DR. VINCENT E. McKELVEY, NOMINEE FOR THE
POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY
Dr. MOKELVEY. Thank you, Mr. chairman, -for your generous re~
marks. I wish to thank also Senator Schweiker and Under Secretary
Pecora for their statements.
It is indeed a high honor, the greatest of my life, to come before this
distinguished committee as the Presjdent's nominee to be the ninth
Director of the Geological Survey. Naturally, I am proud of this honor
and appreciative of the confidence placed in me. But I am also humble,
for I cannot imagine that my own capabilities cai~ begin to match those
of the previous directors.
Intuition comforts me a little, however, in suggesting that the com-
mittee members may not expect me to match the talents of my imme-
diate predecessor, at least, for I am sure you recognize that Under
Secretary Pecora is one of a kind.
Uncomfortable as I feel over the prospects of filling shoes such as
theirs; I (10 feel on common ground with my l)redlecessors in mv decli-
cation to the. mission of the Geological Survey and in my belief in the
importance of its work to the Nation.
Although the survey was created in 1879 to continue the earlier
exploratory surveys of a truly undeveloped country, the need for a
sound understanding of the land and its resources is far greater now
that the TJnited States has reached an advanced state of development
Not only has the demand for knowledge about our resources expanded S
tremendously, but the need for thorough understanding of the land
itself and of the environment as a whole has grown even more rapidly.
As the Nation's l)rimlclPal earth Science research and fact finding
organization, the Survey is responsible -for providing much of the
knowledge base for the critical decisions ahead concerning both the
develoj)ment amid conservation of the land amid its resources.
To carry out this responsibility, it will not suiffice for us just to
maintain our present capability, excellent5 though I believe it to be.
We will have to continue to improve our abilities, and I take this
objective as a challenge that I will do my best to meet.
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9
Now, how ektensrve does the Chief Geologist get itito the field o~
oeeanog~aphy ~ I'~ that somewhat rel'ited, such as oceanography awl
taking the gold out of the ocean, and all of that business ~
Dr M~KELvEY Marine geology is one of the areas of investigation
within the work of the geologic division It began in a formal way, I
guess, about 10 ye~rs ago We have done ovei the years a considerable
amount of work on marine sediments and marine thvestigations of a
more limited character were undertaken before that But since then,
we have underthken an expanding program of investigations in marine
geology, primarily in connection with pioblems of the U S contineirtal
margins
I might say that I have not paiticipated in those field investigations
m:~ self, but I h'~ve been concerned in recent ye'irs with problems re~
Slated to marine resources, primarily related to the assessment of po~
tenti'il inaxiiie miiier'iI i CSOU1C( S in connection with the TJnited States
participation in the work of the United Nations' seabeds committee
Senator BIBLE Very fine
You indicated to me when you p'iid me a visit yesterd'iy in my oi~1cø
that you had some know'edge of the field of geothermal steam I ex~
pressed to you my interest in that particulai field as a possible source
of ft~ture energy This iesouice h'is been developed in a few western
States and I expressed to you the hope that you might convey your
beliefs to I)r Pecor'r ~nd Secretiry Morton In this connection, I hope
they will quit knocking off these add ons I put in the budget and that
they will permit the geothermal steam allotment to be unfrozen This
will permit more rese'uch in thi'~ vital field
I kno~ as you get your feet on the ground-and they have been there
for 30 years-th'rt you will also express ~ our views to your immediate
supei ioi, which is Sccretary Dole
Pr MeKi i vrr Yes, I will
Senator BIBLE Express it to him, he is an Oiegoni'rn out from our
neck of the woods, and ask him if he can put some of that geosteam
for ward
I have no further questions
Senator Anderson ~
Sen'rtoi ANDERSON I think you m'rde a very good statement, and I
welcome you to the department Thank you
Senatpr BIBLE Senator Hansen ~
Senator HANSEN Mr Chairman, do you mean to imply you are
kind of lukewarm ~rbout steam under freeze ~
~en'rtoi BIBT L rj he way it is gomg now I am really lukewarm on it
[Laughter]
Senator BIBLE Senator Jordan ~
Senator JOEDAN Thank you, Mr Chairman
Dr McKelvey, I en~oyed our brief visit in my office and I appreciate
your coming around You indeed have a very fine background, not only~
in `ic `Ldemics, but in the fieldv~ ork `is well
How mauy people are presently employed in the Geological Survey ~
Dr MCKELvEY About 8,000, Senator
Senator JORDAN About 8,000 How nearly are you current with your
backlog of work g Does the work build up faster than you are able to
discharge it, or are you reasonably current ~
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10
Dr. MIcIcEr~vi~r. That is a difficult question to ans\vel. I think with
ibespect to our goals, geo'ogic aiid topographjc mapping of the United
States, for exalnI)le, we have to say that we are consi(IeIably hehmcl
over what we would like our state of progress to be. I think the same
could l)e said in many other areas.
I think with respect to immediately ashigned tasks and targets,
that yes, we are more or less clirrent. But we have a big job and it is
one that is increasing in importance. The demand for the kinds of
information that the Geological Survey produces are much accelerat-
iI)g, and it iS (liftiClilt to keep up with these, I have to say, sir.
Senator JORDAN. Are you having any difficulty iii recrultmg `4kil led
personnel for your operation?
Dr. MCKELVEY. No, sir, we are not.
Senator JORDAN. You would say, then, in the short range ~ on are
reasonably current, hifi ~ on have a trememlous backlog of long' lange
projects that are cl~vays lnu1du~ up ahead of you a~ you go (lown
the roa(l?
Dr. McKi~rvi ~r. rfl~at is coriect.
Senator JORDAN. I think you are imminently quahhed for this job.
I am pleased we are getting a professional, because I think it loes
call for a man with I)rOfessionai quahfications, which you have, and
you have the experience, too, to go with it, and I am pleased to see
you come aboard here as the chief.
Dr. McKELv1~r. Thank you very much, Senator.
Senator BIBLE. Sen ator Fa nnin ?
Senator FANNIN. Dr. McKelvev, I join my colleagues in welcoming
yOU here, and I am certainly impressed. 100, with voni' splendjd hack-
ground, not only in this country, but I notice in sonic of the other
countries of the world.
We have a great problem, as you know, to Protect ow' environment
and still develop our natural resources. So many people consider this
can't be clone without destroying some of the beauly of all of our
lands, but still we see in some of the other countries in the world
perhaps greater developments. I am referring to Germany~ with the
great development of their coal resource reserves, an(l they have
benefited the coal areas where they have been (leveiopmg these re-
sources awl have come out with new recreational areas, lakes and
cities and farms and all.
Do you feel we are abreast of these programs to the extent the other
countries of the world ai'e, some of the other conntvies of the World?
Dr. MC1~EJXEY. I believe we are, in a qualitative sense, l)Ut pei'haps
not in a quantitative sense. I would not be able to make a comparison
of the extent to which we are using such methods percentagewise
in comparison with certain other countries.
I have the feeling, however, that. we are certainly abreast of most
countries in this regard. We are finding, and we certainly need to
search further and more diligently for methods that allow us to de-
velop mineral reserves without, at the same time, damaging the
environment.
I personally am optimistic that this approach will be successful and
be found to not only be successful in preventing serious damage to the
environment, but successful in an economic sense also.
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WTaste of ally kiiid, I tl1ilik, is costly, and many of the land recla-
matioii 1)roje(~ts that ~ oii referred to, it is my understanding that they
were accomplished withì ai~ overall 1)1oiit as far as the reclamation end
of the Ploblem was concelne(T. In other words, they actually improved
the land such that it was worth more as a piece of real estate, with
the nimeral gone than it was before the land was opened up.
I thmk that kind of appioacli certainly pronuses to be a very fruit-
ful one.
Senator F~XNNIN. Well, that is my knowledge of what has happened,
as ~ on l(ue stated in your l)Iesentation here today. %\Te have to move
ahead concerning both development and conservatjon of the land and
its resources.
Iwas especially impressed with the size of equipment, the type of
equipment th~it has been developed in some of the other countries. I
haven't seen it utilized here in this Na~ ion. I am just wondering if
you do have studies or if you ~lan to go forward with programs that
might be similar to those that have been carried forward in otli~r
countries? 1)o you have any ~10g1a111 to that efleet?
Di. MCKELVEY. Senator iFnniiin. work related to the actual develop-
ment and reclamation of the land is beyond the scope of the Geological
Survey. But we can~ are, and will continue to make an important
contribution to a ~)roject of that type by way of providing information
on the character of the land surface and the rocks that are going to be
removed that might be restored or used as fill materials. This kind
of information is really basic to the success of projects of this kind.
Senator F~xNiN. Well, I was just thinking of some of the progress
we have had in this country, flood control, conservation and all, where
the Geological Survey is involved and looking at the mnagiuitude of
what some of these other countries are doing. I am just afraid we are
falling behind.
\Veil, thank you very much.
Senator Binu~. Senator Hansen, the Senator from Wyoming?
Senator HANSEN. Let me join with others of my colleagues, Dr.
Mckelvey, in welcoming yo~i here this afternoon.
I think most of the interest areas have already been discussed. I do
have one question, however, I would invite your response to.
ITiutil We C~UI get oi~ with the (levelopifleilt of a tecimology that will
tra:nsfer the major share of the burden of the production of energy
from the fossil fuels, as we have known them in the past to nuclear
energy, in your O~)1ii1Oflq would an aggressive campaign or search un-
clertaken by the geologists, under the leadership of the U.S.G.S. in
this country, assure us of an adequate amount. of energy from the tra-
ditional conventional forms of energy to supplement the amount of
energy which we import?
I am thinking at the moment about the mandatory oil import Iro-
grain which I think at the present time reflects about one-fourth,
roughly, of the oil and gas that we use for energy, which is imported.
can we, through an aggressive campaign, maintain that balance as
you contemplate our untapped reserves in this country so as not to sub-
ject it further to increased dependency upon foreign sources until other
exotic forms of energy can be used?
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