PAGENO="0001" -BIIJfrTO PROVIDE IIOR& PURCHASE OF MOBILE HOMES UNDER VA G I~NT~E~D LOAN PROGRAM HEARINGS BEFORE ~~HE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HOUSING OF THE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON BILLS TO PROVIDE FOR PURCHASE OF MOBILE HOMES UNDER VETERANS' AL)MINISTRATION GUARANTY AND OTHER BILLS RELATED TO VETERANS' HOUSING JULY 14 AND 16, 1970 Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs RUTGERS LAW SCHOOL LIBRAR CAMDEN, N. J. 08102 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT Pages of all hearings are numbered cumulatively to permit a comprehensive index at the end of the Congress. Page num-' bers lower than those in this hearing refer to other legislation. Ti U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 48-254 0 WASHINGTON: 1970 PAGENO="0002" COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS OLIN E. TEAGUE, Texas, Chairman THADDEUS J. DULSKI, New York SEYMOUR HALPERN, New York WALTER S. BARING, Nevada JOHN J. DUNCAN, Tennessee ~ W. J. BR~A~ DPR~, South Carolina WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio IIENRY~~LSTOSKI N~ev~ Jerse\ WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT Virgini'~ ROMAIc c: PUCIT~SKI, Illinois .~ JQ~N M. ZWACH, Minnesota ~ON~EDWARDS, California.. .~ ROBERT V. DENNEY, Nebraska EDWARD R~ ROY~AL, Hoi~tH ~--~SHIRLEY CUISHOLM, New York HOSPITALS WALTER S. BARING, Nevada THADDEUS J. DULSKI, New York RAY ROBERTS, Texas GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California W. J. BRYAN DORN, South Carolina DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III, Virginia ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, Illinois EDWARD R. ROYBAL. California G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY, Mississippi JOHN J. DUNCAN, Tennessee WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio E. ROSS ADAIR, Indiana JOHN P. SAYLOR, Pennsylvania SEYMOUR HALPERN, New York JOHN PAUL HAMMERSCHMIDT. Arkansas MARGARET M. HECKLER, Massachusetts JOHN M. ZWACH, Minnesota ROBERT V. DENNEY, Nebraska W. J. BRYAN DORN, South Carolina JAMES A. HALEY, Florida WALTER S. BARING, Nevada THADDEUS J.. DULSKI, New York RAY ROBERTS, Texas GEORGE B. BROWN, JR., California DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III, Virginia HENRY HELSTOSKI, New Jersey ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, Illinois DON EDWARDS, California EDWARD R. ROYBAL, California G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY, Mississippi SHIRLEY CHISHOLM, New York CHARLES M. TEAGUE, California WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio E. ROSS ADAIR, Indiana JOHN P. SAYLOR, Pennsylvania SEYMOUR HALPERN, New York JOHN J. DUNCAN, Tennessee JOHN PAUL HAMMERSCHMIDT, Arkansas WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT, Virginia MARGARET M. HECKLER, Massachusetts JOHN M. ZWACH, Minnesota ROBERT V. DENNEY, Nebraska OLIvER E. MEADOWS, staff Director SUBCOMMITTEES (Chairman and ranking minority member ex officio members of all subcommittees) COMPENSATION AND PENSION W. J. BRYAN DORN, South Carolian, Chairman RAY ROBERTS, Texas E. ROSS ADAIR, Indiana G. V.. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY, Mississippi JOHN P. SAYLOR, Pennsylvania WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT, Virginia EDUCATION AND TRAINING GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California, Chairman JAMES A. HALEY, Florida, Chairman (II). PAGENO="0003" HOUSING WALTER S. BARING, Chairman RAY ROBERTS WILLIAM H. AYRES DAVID B. SATTERFIELD III SEYMOUR HALPERN HENRY HELSTOSKI JOHN J. DUNCAN DON EDWARDS MARGARET M. HECKLER EDWARD R. ROYBAL INSURANCE HENRY HELSTOSKI, Chairman GEORGE B. BROWN, JR. JOHN P. SAYLOR G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY JOHN PAUL HAMMERSCHMIDT SHIRLEY CHISHOLM ROBERT V. DENNEY (III) PAGENO="0004" 4 PAGENO="0005" CONTENTS Page American Bankers Association: McNeill, Charles R., letter 3732, 3733 American Legion: Clark, Louis B., assistant director, national economic commission~ - - 3690 Mattingly, Charles E., assistant director, national legislative com- mission 3688-3691 AMVETS: Rossignuolo, Ralph, legislative director 3730, 3731 Barba, Louis R. (See National Association of Home Builders.) Baring, Hon. Walter S 3417, 3463, 3513, 3524, 3525, 3688, 3690-3691, 3693, 3695-3698, 3723, 3726, 3727, 3729-3731, 3740 Bills considered and agency reports thereon, Subcommittee on Hous- ing 3418-3462 Clark, Louis B. (See American Legion.) Committee staff: Meadows, Oliver E., staff director 3510, 3511, 3725-3727 Consumer Bankers Association: Ritter, Herbert W., president, letter - 3738, 3739 Cost projections for mobile home parks 3515-3516 Dervan, John. (See Veterans' Administration.) DeYoung, Edward. (See Mobile Housing Association of America.) Disabled American Veterans: Huber, Charles L., national director of legislation, letter 3739, 3740 Ducan, Hon. John J 3513, 3524, 3690, 3696, 3697, 3723, 3724, 3730, 3731 Edwards, Hon. Don~. 3512, 3513, 2523, 3524, 3690, 3691, 3697, 3698, 3721-3723 Greene, Raleigh W. (See National League of Insured Savings Associations.) Helstoski, Hon. Henry 3691 Hogan, Hon. Lawrence J., statement 3731, 3732 Housing Subcommittee: Bills considered, text and agency reports 3418-3462 Chairman. (See Baring, Hon. Walter S.) Huber, Charles L. (See Disabled American Veterans.) Humphreys, David J. (See Mobile Housing Association of America.) Johnson, Donald E. (See Veterans' Administration, Reports on Bills, and ~cReport of the President's Committee on the Vietnam Veteran".) Jones, Oliver H. (See Mortgage Bankers Association of America.) Kerby, John H. (See Veterans' Administration.) Martin, John M. (See Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association.) Mattingly, Charles E. (See American Legion.) Meadows, Oliver E. (See Committee staff.) "Mobile Home Financing, 18th Annual Survey, 1969" 3561-3579 Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association: Data and publications submitted by: Cost projections for mobile home parks 3515-3516 "Dealer Comments," excerpts 3516-3523 "Dealer Directory and Buyer's Guide" 3527-3560 Intertherm, Inc., letter 3515 "Mobile Home Financing," 1969 3561-3579 "Standard for Mobile Homes" 3580-3687 Martin, John M., managing director 3513-3515, 3523-3525 "Mobile Home Recreational Vehicle 14th Annual Dealer Directory and Buyer's Guide" 3527-3560 Mobile Housing Association of America: Data submitted by: Case histories of mobile homes sales 3698-3720 DeYoung, Edward, president 3693-3698, 3721-3727 Humphreys, David J., Washington counsel 3695 (V) PAGENO="0006" VI Mortgage Bankers Association of America: Jones, Oliver H., Executive vice president, letter 3737, 3738 National Association of Home Builders: Barba, Louis R., president, letter 3735 3736 National League of Insured Savings Associations: Greene, Raleigh W., legislative chairman, statement 3734, 3735 Owen, Olney B. (See Veterans' Administration.) Roberts, Hon. R~1y 3696, 3724, 3725, 3726 "Report of the President's Committee on the Vietnam Veteran" 3465-3504 Ritter, Herbert W. (See Consumer Bankers Association.) Rossignuolo, Ralph. (See AMVETS.) Roybal, Hon. Edward R 3511, 3690, 3697, 3729, 3730, 3731 "Standard for Mobile Homes" 3580-3687 Stover, Francis W. (See Veterans of Foreign Wars.) Subcommittee on Housing. (See Housing Subcommittee.) Veterans' Administration: Dervan, John, Director, Loan Guaranty Service 3511-3513 Johnson, Donald E., Administrator of Veterans' Affairs. (See Reports on Bills and "Report of the President's Committee on the Vietnam Veteran".) Kerby, Joln H., Assistant General Counsel 3512 Owen, Olney B., Chief Benefits Director 3463, 3505-3512 Reports on bills 3427-3435, 3452-3454, 3457, 3458, 3461, 3462 Veterans of Foreign Wars: Stover, Francis W., director, national legisla- tive service 3727-3730 PAGENO="0007" PURCHASE OF MOBILE HOMES UNDER VA GUARANTEE TUESDAY, 3ULY 14, 1970 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMIrrEE ON HOUSING OF THE COMMITJIEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS, Wa$hington, D.C. The subcommittee met at 10 a.m., pursuant to call, in room 334, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Walter S. Baring, presiding. Mr. BARING. The Subcommittee on Housing will come to order. These hearings, which the Housing Subcommittee is beginning today, deal with several bills which propose to extend the benefits of the VA home loan guarantee program to mobile homes. We have bills before us which propose to extend the dates for the World War II and Korea housing programs. At this point, we shall insert the various bills which are being considered, with the agency reports thereon. (The bills and reports referred to follow:) (3417) PAGENO="0008" 3418 9lST CONGRESS 13052 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jtrr~ 23,1969 Mr. FuizroN of Tennessee introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs A BILL To amend title 38 of the United States Code to extend by one year the period in which certain guaranty and insurance entitlement may be used by World War II veterans. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represent a- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That the sentence succeeding paragraph (2) of section 4 1802. (b) is amended to read as follows: "Entitlement re- ~ stored under this subsection may be used by a World War II 6 veteran at any thne before July 26, 1970, unless the con- 7 dition specified in paragraph (1) (A) applies, in which 8 case such entitlement may be used at a.ny time before July 9 26, 1971, and by a Korean conflict veteran at any time 10 before February 1, 1975." I PAGENO="0009" 3419 91ST CONGRESS T V 1ST SESSION ti. K. 13706 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SEPTEMBER 9, 1969 Mr. Scorr introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com- mittee on Veterans' Affairs A BILL To amend title 38 of the United States Oode to extend by one year the period in which certain guaranty and insurance entitlement may be used by World War II veterans. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That the sentence succeeding paragraph (2) of section 4 1802 (b) is amended to read as follows: "Entitlement re- 5 stored under this subsection may be used by a World War II 6 veteran at any time before July 26, 1970, unless the con- 7 clition specified in paragraph (1) (A) applies, in which 8 case such entitlement may be used at any time before July 9 26, 1971, and by a Korean conflict veteran at any time 10 before February 1, 1975." I PAGENO="0010" 3420 91ST CONGRESS 2D SESSION . 1 67 1 0 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MARCH 20, 1970 Mr. TEAGUE of Texas introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 1 eterans' Affairs A BILL To amend chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, to au- thorize guaranteed and direct loans for mobile homes if used as permanent dwellings, to authorize the Administrator to pay certain closing costs for, and interest on, certain loans guaranteed aild made under such chapter, to remove the time limitation on the use of entitlement to benefits under such chapter, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That this Act lilay he cited as the "Veterans Housing Loan 4 Amendments Act of 1970". 5 Si~o. 2. The last sentence of section 1802 (b) of title 6 38, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: "En- 7 titlement restored under this subsection may be used by I PAGENO="0011" 3421 9 1 WTorld War II veterans or Korean conflict veterans at any 2 time." 3 S~c. 3. (a) Subsection (a) of section 1803 of title 38, 4 United States Code, is amended to read. as follows: 5 "(a) (1) Any loan to a World War II or Korean con- 6 fliot veteran for any of the purposes, and not in conflict with ~ the provisions, `specified in this chapter is automatically 8 guaranteed by the United `States in an amount not more ~ than 60 per centum of the loan if the loan is made for any of 10 the purposes specified in section 1810 of this title, and not 11 more than 50 per centuin of the loan if the loan i~ for any 12 of the purposes specified in section 18i0a~ 1812, 1813, or 13 1814 of this title. 14 "(2) Any entitlement to the benefits of this chapter of a World War II `or Korean conflict veteran which had not 16 expired as of the effective date of the 1970 amendment to 17 this subsection shall not expire until used." (b) Subsection (b) of such section 1803 is amended 19 by inserting immediately after "1810" the following: 20 ~ 1810a,". 21 SEc. 4. Subchapter II of chapter 37 `of title 38, United 22 States Code, is amended- ` 93 (1) by inserting immediately after section 1810 thereof the following new section: PAGENO="0012" 3422 3 1 "~ 1810a. Purchase of mobile homes 2 "(a) Any loan to a veteran, if made pursuant to the 3 provisions of this chapter, is automatically guaranteed if such 4 loan is for the purchase of a mobile home which will be 5 owned and occupied by him as his, residence and will be 6 so used at a fixed location. A loan made under this section 7 may also include the purchase of land suitable for use as 8 a site on which the mobile home will be located and the 9 expenses necessary for the appropriate preparation of such 10 site, such as the installation of utility connections and sani- 11 tary facilities, and the construction of a suitable pad. 12 "(b) No loan may be guaranteed under this section 13 unless- 14 "(1) the proceeds of such loan will be used to 15 pay for the property purchased and the site preparations 16 made; 17 "(2) the mobile home has not been previously sold 18 at retail in commerce, and the mobile home or the site, 19 or both, as the case may be, meet or exceed such mm- 20 imum requirements for general acceptability and, in. 21 the case of the mobile home, such minimum require- 22 ments for construction, as shall be prescribed by the 23 Administrator; 24 "(3) the contemplated terms of payment required 2~) in any mortgage to be given in part payment o1 the pur- PAGENO="0013" 3423 .4 chase price bear a proper relationship to the veteran's 2 present and anticipated income and expenses; 3 "(4) the veteran is a satisfactory credit risk; 4 "(5) the loan to be paid by the veteran for such 5 property or the cost of site preparation does not exceed 6 the reasonable value therefor as determined by the Ad~ 7 ministrator; and 8 "(6) the veteran is able to make a down payment 9 on the mobile home in an amount which the Adminis- 10 trator determines to be reasonable, but not exceeding 10 11 per centum of the purchase price. 12 "(c) (1) The amount of guaranty entitlement available 13 to a veteran under this section shall not be more than- 14 "(A) $10,000 in the case of a loan covering only 15 the purchase of a mobile home, or 16 "(B) $13,000 in the case of a loan covering the 17 purchase of a mobile home and a suitable site for the 18 home, plus such an amount as is determined by the Ad- 19 niinistrator to be appropriate to cover the cost of neces- 20 sary site preparation, 21 less such entitlement as may have been previously used 22 under this section or other sections of this chapter. 23 " (2) The maturity of any loan made under this section 24 shall not be more than fifteen years."; and 25 (2) by inserting immediately after section 1818 26 the following new section: PAGENO="0014" 3424 1 "~ 1819. Special closing cost and interest payments by the 2 Administrator 3 "(a) In the case of any loan guaranteed or made under 4 this chapter (except a loan for the purpose described in see- 5 tion 1810a) after the effective date of this section, the 6 Administrator- 7 "(1) shall, if the loan is guaranteed, pay on behalf 8 of the veteran recipient of the loan to the lender (A) 9 the closing costs for the loan, or (B) an amount to be 10 applied toward such costs equal to 1 per centum of the 11 amount of the loan, whichever is smaller; and 12 "(2) may not, if the loan is iiiade under section 1811 of this title. charge the veteran for (A) the closing 14 costs for the loan, or (B) an amount equal to 1 per 15 centum of the face amount of the loan, whichever is 16 smaller. 17 "(ii) In the case of any loan guaranteed or made under 18 this chapter after the effective date of this section, the 19 Administrator shall- 2~) "(1) if the loan is guaranteed, pay on behalf of 21 the veteran recipient of the loan to the lender 1 per 22 centum of the ii~teiest which will accrue on the principal 23 of the loan durhig the period of thirty-six consecutive 24 months beginning with the month after the month in 25 which the loan is closed; and PAGENO="0015" 3425 6 1 " (2) if the loan is made under section 1811 of this 2 title, take such action as may be necessary to reduce the 3 payment of interest by the veterai~ with respect to such loan during `the period of thirty-six consecutive months 5 beginning with the month after the month in which' 6 the loan is closed by an amount equal to 1 per centum of the interest which would accrue on the principal of 8 the loan during such period. 9 " (c) The Administrator shall by regulation establish 10 such procedures as may be necessary and appropriate to 11 carry out this section." 12 5. Sectiuii 1 811 of t11l(~ l$~ TJiiit,ed Stales Code, 13 ~5 amended- 14 (1) by inserting immediately after "1810" in sub- 15 sections (a) and (b) the following: "and 18 iOa"; 16 (2) by inserting immediately after "1810 (a)" in 17 subsection (b) the following: ", or for the purpose 18 listed in 18 lOu,"; 19 (3) by inserting immediately after "1810" in sub- 20 sections (c) and (g) the following: "or 1810a"; 21 (4) by striking out "The" in subsectiomi (d) (2) 22 and ii.iserting in lieu thereof "(A.) Except for any loan 23 imiade under this chapter for the ptiipose described in 24 seetioii 1810a of this title, the"; 25 (5) by inserting immediately after subsection (d) PAGENO="0016" 3426 1 (2) (as amended by clauìse (4) above) the following 2 new paragraph: 3 "(B) The original principal amount of any loan made 4 under this section for the purpose described in section 1810a 5 of this title shall not exceed the amount specified in subsec- 6 tion (c) (A) or (B) of such section, as appropriate." ;~ and 7 (6) by striking out subsection (h). 8 Sno. 6. Section 1818 of title 38, ITnited States Code, is 9 amended by striking out subsection (e) thereof, and by 10 amending subsections (c) and (d) to read as follows: 11 "(c) Direct loans authorized by this section shall not 12 he made after January 31, 1975, except pursuant to corn- 13 mitments issued by the Administrator on or before that date. "(d) Any entitlement to the benefits of this section is which had not expired as of the effective date of the 1970 16 amendment to this subsection, and any entitlement to such 17 benefits accruing after such effective date, shall not expire 18 until used." PAGENO="0017" 3427 VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., July 9, 1970. Hon. OLIN E. TRAGUE, Chairman, Comiir&ittee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. Di~ Mit. CHAIRMAN: This will respond to your request for a report by the Veterans' Administration on H.R. 16710, 91st Congress. The stated purpose of the bill is to amend chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, to authorize guaranteed and direct loans for mobile homes if used as permanent dwellings, to authorize the Admin- istrator to pay certain closing costs for, and interest on, certain loans guaranteed and made under such chapter, to remove the time limita- tion on the use of entitlement to benefits under such chapter, and for other purposes. PURCHASE OF MOBILE HOMES The bill would add a new section 1810a to chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, which would authorize the Veterans' Administra- tion to guarantee a loan up to $10,000 repayable over a period of 15 years for the purchase of a mobile home for use as a residence by an eligible veteran. The loan could include an additional $3,000 to finance the purchase of a lot on which to place the mobile home. The proposal also authorizes the Veterans' Administration to make a direct loan for use in purchasing the mobile home and lot. As you know, on June 5, 1969, the President created a Cabinet-leirel Committee on the Vietnam Veteran to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nation in meeting its responsibilities to today's veterans. One of the Committee's recommendations (No. C-2) was for an amendment to the VA loan guarantee program to authorize the Veterans' Administration to underwrite mobile home financing in order to promote an adequate supply of low-cost housing for low- and moderate-income veterans. The President approved the Committee's report on March 26, 1970, and on April 1, 1970, we submitted to the Speaker of the House a draft bill to accomplish this and other recommendations of the Committee. The draft bill was introduced as H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 and referred to your committee. (For simplicity we will refer to H.R. 16762 as the administration proposal.) The administration's proposals regarding mobile homes and the proposals in H.R. 16710 parallel each other in several respects. There are, however, several significant differ- ences which lead us to conclude that the administration `proposal represents a more desirable approach. For brevity our comments are principally directed toward the points of difference. 48-254 0 - 70 - 2 PAGENO="0018" 3428 Charging of veterans' entitlement Although H.R.. 16710 speaks in the proposed section 1810a(c) (1) iii. terms of guarantee entitlement for mobile home loans, the context. indicates that the dollar limitations ($10,000 and $13,000) are loan maxima. If so, a mobile home loan would require a charge to the vet- erans' entitlement under the present formula in section 1803 (b) of title 38. This would limit the guaranteed portion of a non real estate mobile home loan to the lesser of $2,000 or 50 percent of the loan amount. The administration's proposal, H.R.. 16762, while limiting eligibility for mobile home loans to veterans having full real estate home loan guarantee entitlement, would authorize a 30-percent guar- antee and would not involve a charge against the loan entitlement. In this respect we prefer H.R. 16762. New versus used mobile homes Essentially both bills limit the loans to new mobile homes. There is, however,a degree of difference. The adniiinistration bill permits financ- ing a used mobile home provided it is presently the security for a loan guaranteed by the VA or guaranteed or insured by another Federal agency. Although we anticipatethat the percentage of such refinancing. would be small, we think that it should be provided for. Priorapproval of loans and lenders H.R. 16762 would limit guarantees to loans made by approved lenders; i.e., lenders with conventional loan experience with mobile homes or those who can show that they are qualified to originate and service such loans. Having no corresponding limitation, H.iR. 16710 would extend to any person or firm the privilege of making mobile home loans. In addition, it would permit certain classes of lenders to make such loans without VA's prior approval. We believe the absence of experience with this type of loan initially necessitates submission of loans to the Veterans' Administration for prior approval, but we wOuld not object to the insertion of language in H.R. 1fl762 which would authorize the VA on a discretionary `basis to permit lenders to process on other than a prior approval basis when we determine such to be warranted. Percentage of gu~arantee H.IR. 16762 specifically provides for guarantee of 30 percent of the unpaid balance of the loan as of the date of the first incurred loan default. This percentage has been specified because it is the approxi- mate equivalent protection which a lender making a conventional loan secures by requiring a downpayment, which usually averages from 20 to 30 percent. Under H.R. 16710, however, no percentage of guarantee is specified and, as we interpret the bill, it becomes necessary to apply the provisions of section 1803 in the existing law in respect to amount of guarantee. These are 50 percent, but not to exceed $2,000, in the case of a nonreal estate mobile home loan and, if the loan includes funds for acquisition of a site, 50 percent `but not to exceed $4,000 for that portion. We do not believe that a guarantee of this type would be acceptable to lenders from a risk standpoint. We recommend, there- fore, that the provisions of H.R. 16762 in respect to percentage of guarantee be adopted. PAGENO="0019" 3429 Liquidation of loan security H.R. 16762 contemplates that lenders will have liquidation respon- sibility and that VA will not accept a transfer of title to the mobile home security as it does in the case of conventional dwellings. IH.R. 16170 contains no comparable provision. Valuing mobile homes The administration proposal contemplates a departure from the concept embodied in existing law (and in H.R. 16710) of determining the reasonable value of the conventional type home as a means of arriv- ing at a maximum permissible loan. H.R.. 16762 would establish a maximum loan amount, insofar as the mobile home itself is concerned, based upon the manufacturer's invoice cost to the dealer from whom the veteran purchased it. We contemplate a maximum loan amount of not to exceed such invoice cost plus a percentage factor to cover mis- cellaneous costs such as setup costs, transportation, and sales tax. This invoice cost method of arriving at maximum loan amount is similar to the formula contained in the regulations of the Federal home loan Bank Board and FilA. Maximum loan maturity H.R. 16762 proposes a maximum loan maturity of 12 years and 32 days, the same as the FHA title I program. H.R. 16710 proposes 15 years. Conventional mobile home loans run 7 to 10 years. All studies lead us to believe that 15 years is more than necessary for nonreal estate mobile home loans and that monthly payments will work out at reasonably low amounts within the 12-year limitation. Th~ purpose of the 32-day provision is to permit the lender to set up the first install- ment period between 30 and 60 days from the date of the loan. We consider that there would be justification for the 15-year maturity of H.R. 16710 where site acquisition is also involved. Thus, the portion of the loan to secure a lot could be amortized on a 15-year basis while the mobile home portion of the loan would be limited to a 12-year amortization. Dollar loa<~'t maximum If we understand correctly the meaning of the proposed section 1810a(c) (1) (A) (B), the maximum loan limits of the two bills are essentially the same. There is, however, a minor difference. The ad- ministration bill allows a degree of flexibility to permit the loan holder to make advances of funds to protect the loan security. }II.R. 16710 would permit an increase in the maximum in those instances involving site acquisition by an amount determined by the Administrator to be necessary to cover the cost of site preparation. The administration bill contains no corresponding provision. After careful consideration we believe both t,he advance provision and the allowance for site prepara- tion expense merit favorable consideration. Down payment H.R. 16710 appears to require the veteran to make a downpayment in an amount determined by the Administrator to be reasonable, but not exceeding 10 percent of the purchase price. There is no such pro- vision in the administration proposal and we prefer the statute con- tain no provision on the subject. The Congress has not heret9fore seen. PAGENO="0020" 3430 fit to specify downpayment requirements in the GI loan program. Since, the retail purchase price of a `specific model of a new mobile home may vary from dealer to dealer, as in the case of new automo- biles, it is not practical to base a' downpayment requirement on the retail price or reasonable value, if by reasonable value it is intended to mean retail price. It is for this reason we proposed to adopt a limitation in the form of a maximum loan amount `and `any excess of purchase price over such amount would be the downpayment. We contemplate computing the `maximum loan amount at a figure which will result in approximately a 10-percent downpayment. However, it could be less or more, depending on the price the veteran agrees to pay. Method of amortization The administration bill specifies that the loan be repayable in ap- proximately equal monthly installments. Although it might be per- missible for the VA to provide for this by regulation under H.R.. 16710, we consider it advisable to have this condition in the law. Certification of occupa~wy H.R 16762 makes specifically applicable to~ mobile home loans the existing requirement applicable to other home loans that the veteran. * certify he will occupy the property as his home. H.R. 16710 has no comparable provision. Its inclusion would remove any doubt there. might be as to whether mobile homes constitute "residential property" within the context of section 1804(c), which sets up the certification requirement. Site location in addition to requiring that the mobile home be occupied by the veteran as his residence, H.R. 1671Q also requires that it be "so used at a fixed location." The quoted phrase causes concern. If it is in- tended to mean that the mobile home may not be moved from its first' location, it provokes a question as to what consequence is to attach to the removal of the mobile home from the approved site. The language is not contained in the administration bill and we would prefer that no such provision be included in the legislation. . . . Mcuiiimuim interest rate The administration bill proposes to set the. maximum interest rate by regulation. In the absence of `a comparable provision in H.R. 16710, the present maximum rate of 81/2 percent applicable to all'guaranteed" loans would apply. A `guarantee-type program must attract the par- ticipation of the private sector in order to provide the intended benefit to veterans.' At this point we do not know what rate it will take t~ induce, lender participation. Because of the uncertainties in this area and the need for flexibility, we believe the better course is, as the ad-. ministration has proposed, to confer on the administrator authority to set the maximum by regulation. We propose; of course, to keep the maximum as low as possible and stifi secure lender participation. Restoration of vsed entitlement H.'R. 16762 would permit restoration, of entitlement to the mobile home loan benefit upon repayment in full of any previous such guaran- teed loan to the veteran. It is not required that the mobile home secur- ing such lOan be disposed of or that it be `disposed of for a compelling PAGENO="0021" 3431 Teason. Having in mind that the mobile homemay be a temporary or interim housing arrangement for the young veteran who may later wish to use his entitlement to acquire a conventional home, the purpose of this provision is to facilitate his doing so. There is no correspond- ing provision under H.R. 16710. As a consequence, a veteran who had previously obtained such guaranteed loan would have to establish not only payment in full but also `disposition of the previous mobile home for a compelling reason, or establish one of the other conditions sped- fled in the existing law. Regulatory authority H.R. 16762 grants the VA broad authority to determine the pro- visions of chapter 37 that should be applicable to the mobile home pro- gram. We consider this authority necessary, since some portions of `chapter 37 are obviously applieable while others are not. Program terminal date Pending the accumulation of adequate experience with the guarantee of mobile home loans, we believe it `desirable and recommend a ter- minal date for the program, as provided in the administration bill. We consider a 3-year period will `provide adequate basis upon which to de- termine the need for changes in the program or for its continuance. Effective date We believe, as provided in H.R. 16762, that there should be included a provision for a future effective date following enactment. We recom- mend approximately 90 days. In view of the need for extensive regu- latory changes and indoctrination of field personnel, reasonable lead- time is needed to properly organize and launch the program. Direct loans H.R. 16710 would include direct loans in the mobile home benefit. H.R. 16762 intentionally omits provision for direct loans. If the yield and risk provisions under the guarantee program are made acceptable to lenders, there should be no need for a direct loan program. The direct home loan program was predicated on the fact that, following inaugu- ration of the loan guarantee program in 1944 and 1945, experience re- vealed that in certain geographical areas GI home loan money was not available. The direct home loan program was devised to fill that gap. So far as we have been able to learn there are no such geographical gaps in the present availability of conventional mobile home financing. Retail dealers customarily have a line of retail financing available to their buyers. Hence, if there is a dealer, there is financing. We would' recommend that a direct loan program not be authorized until the need for it develops. If this direct loan provision is retained, we note. that on page 6, section 5, lines 22-23, of H~R. 16710, the provision for the addition in section 1811(d) (2) of the prefatory exception in respect to section 1810a loans would appear to apply only to the first clause of (d) (2). The result would be that the second clause starting with "and guar- antee entitlement * * s," and possibly the third clause starting with "except that the Administrator * * ~" would appear to remain ap- pJ~cable to direct mobile home loans. This is believed not to be intended. PAGENO="0022" 3432 To summarize, we are in favor of the enactment of a mobile home program. it is our view, however, that the provisions in the administra- tion bill, H.R. 16762, will more feasibly and fully accomplish this pur- pose than the approaches advanced in RB. 16710. REMOVAL OF DELIMITING DATES In addition to providing for a mobile home program, H.IR. 16710 would amend 1803 (a) to eliminate the basic phaseout criteria and cutoff dates for World War II and Korean veterans and would make similar changes in section 1818(c) for veterans who serve after Janu- ary31, 1955. Corresponding changes would be made in section 1802(b), 1811 (h), and 1818(e) to delete secondary references to the entitlement expiration dates thus eliminated. Theterminal date for the direct loan program (January 31, 1975), now prescribed in section 1818(c) is retained in a new section 1818(c). Under the present law there is a phaseollt formula, gearing the en- titlement period to the length of the veteran's war service and the date of his discharge, with emphasis on those who served longest and were most recently discharged. Under the formula, each veteran was given entitlement of 10 years from date of separation from his last period of duty which included service in the war period, plus an a.ddi- t.iona.l period of 1 year for each 3 months of active duty performed during the war or confict. The eligibility of World Wa.r II and Korean conflict veterans cannot extend beyond July 25, 1970, and January 31, 1975, respectively. The foregoing entitlement formula applies also to veterans of the post-Korean period having loan entitlement under section 1818 of title 38, except that the final date within which the phaseout formula operates for that group is 20 years from the date of the veteran's sep- aration from his last period of active duty. Terminal dates for the eligibility of World War II veterans have been extended several times. Extensions have been made at or just prior tothe statutory cutoff dates which has created a. strong climate of uncertainty for veterans and other program participants. Removal of the phaseout criteria, and the group cutoff dates would eliminate the element of urgency by veterans in using their eligibility, which be- comes critical in periods of credit. stringency. Elimination of the delimiting dates on eligibility for the GI loan program would be in line with the eligibility criteria for the FHA veterans' loan program for which no termina.l date is specified. Such a. change would also simplify the administration of the VA loan pro- grams. Further, veterans could adjust the timing of their home pur- chases and mortgage credit needs to coincide with favorable private market conditions, when sellers and lenders are willing to participate in the loan guarantee program. No veteran would be denied use of his entitlement because it had expired at a time when guaranteed loans were unavailable. While we favor removal of the delimiting dates, there are objection- able features to certa.in provisions of H.R. 16710. The terminal date of the direct loan program. January 31, 1975, is presently stated in section 1818(c) (1) (C). H.R.. 16710 would retain it in a new section PAGENO="0023" 3433 1818(c). Since it is our understanding of the intention of the Congress that January 31, 1975, shall be the terminal date of the entire direct loan program, regardless of which service period is the source of the veteran's entitlement, we believe the provision logically belongs in section 1811 with those others peculiar to the direct loan program. Moreover, we believe that leaving this provision in section 1818 may not accomplish the intent of the Congress. Section 1818 chracterizes the eligibility of only one class of veterans; namely, those qualifying by reason of service after January 31, 1955. Accordingly, placement of the direct loan terminal date provision in that section, coincident with removal of the termination provisions in respect to basic eligibility, seemingly would make direct loans available indefinitely for World War II and Korean conflict veterans, but would end them for post- Korean conflict veterans on January 31, 1975. In short, transfer of the direct loan termination date to section 1811 is made necessary by re- moval of the program terminal dates for World War II and Korean conflict veterans. Because it proposes to eliminate the funding fee requirement for post-Korean conflict veterans contained in section 1818(d), H.R. 16710 also proposes to eliminate the saving provision in section 1818 (e), which exempts certain post-Korean conflict veterans who are also World War II or Korean conflict veterans from paying such a fee. However, this subsection also saves for such veterans the privilege of obtaining business loans and insured loans, which they would other- wise lose because of the limitations on the post-Korean conflict benefit stated in section 1818(a). We believe that this result is not intended and recommend retaining the existing subsections (d) and (e). We do not recommend elimination of the funding fee requirements. H.R. 16710 proposes a new subsection (d) in section 1818, the ap- parent purpose of which is to preserve post-Korean conflict entitle- ment existing on the enactment date. We believe this to be unneces- sary, since no such entitlement will expire in any event until March 3, 1976. H.R. 16710 proposes a new paragraph (2) in section 1803(a), which would extend indefinitely World War II and Korean conflict entitle- ment which has not expired on the effective date of the enactment of this bill. The unused entitlement which has expired or will soon expire under the. present phasing-out provisions prior to enactment of this legislation would not be revived. All arguments for extending the loan program for veterans who would still have unexpired entitlement when such a bill is enacted `also support reviving expired entitlement. It should be noted that all World War II entitlement expires July 25, 1970, unless extended. If enactment does not occur until after July 25, 1970, the `bill will be inoperative to extend any World War II veteran's entitlement. It is believed that this result is not intended. On April 16, 1970, we submitted to the Speaker of the House a pro- posed draft bill with a request that it be enacted, which would remove time limitations on the duration of eligibility of veterans for guaran- teed and direct loans. On April 23, 1970, the proposal was introduced as H.R.. 17181 and referred to your committee. This proposal avoids the defects we have noted in H.R. 16710. We favor its enactment rather than the provisions contained in H.R. 16710. PAGENO="0024" 3434 crosn~o COST SUBSIDY ILR.. 16710 would alsb amend chapter 37 of title 38, `by adding a new section 1819 entitled "SpecialOlosing CoSts and Interest Payments by the Administrator." Subsection (a) of the proposed section 1819 would require the Administrator to pay to the lender, on behalf of the vet- eran recipient of a guaranteed loan, closing costs for the loan or a sum to be applied toward such closing costs equal to 1 percent of the amount of the loan, whichever is smaller. Similar provisions are also made for a subsidy for veterans obtaining VA direct `loans. Mo- bile home loans, however, are specifically exempt from this subsidy. It is to he noted that the report of the Commission on Mortgage Interest Rates of August 1969 recommends, among other things, that VA and PITA undertake a joint study of closing costs for submission to the Congress together with recommendations for reducing and standardizing such costs. Such a study is provided for in the Senate-~ passed Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970 (S. 3685) and in ER; 17495. Increases in closing costs during recent years clearly have added substantially to the cost of acquiring a home. The CommissiOn recog- nized, however, that institutional practices in different States and lo- ca1it~es are the primary determinant of many of the charges made at a mortgage closing. Also, charges for such things as title insurance, `at- torney fees, property surveys, and the like, vary considerably across the country. In addition, they vary with the amount of the loan or purchase price involved. As proposed in H.R. 16710 the subsidy payment for closing costs could result in a substantial lack of uniformity as well as payment of a greater. subsidy to those veterans who have the least need therefor. We would recommend that consideration of the closing costs subsidy pro- posal be. deferred pending a joint study such as that proposed in the `bill recently passed by the Senate, 5.3685. This provision was retained by the !House in its enactment of an amended version of S. 3685. De- pending on the results of such a study, consideration could then be given as to whether a subsidy for closing costs is warranted, Accord- ingly, we do not recommend enactment of subsection (a) of the pro- posed section 1819. If, however, this section of H.R. 16710 is considered further, it is suggested that the clarifying words "real estate" be inserted before the words "loan guaranteed" in line 3, page 5. LOAN INTEREST SUBSIDY Subsection (b) of the proposed section 1819 would require the Ad- ministrator to pay an interest subsidy on behalf of the veteran to the lender in an amount equal to 1 percent of the interest which would ac- crue on the principal of t:he loan "during the period of 36 consecutive months beginning with the month after the month in which the loan is closed," and, in the case of direct loans made by VA, similarly reduce the payment of interest by the veteran to the VA during the same period of time. It is apparently intended that the. 1 percent computation is to be based on the outstanding loan principal, rather than "1 percent of the interest," as stated. In addition we think that computation of the benefit PAGENO="0025" 3435 would be simpler if the starting date of the 36-month period were keyed to the due date of the first installment instead of "the month after the month * * *~ Attention is invited to the provisions of title V of S. 3685 as passed by the Senate which provides home mortgage assistance .for middle- income families. Under title V thereof, the Department of Housing and Urban Development would pay to the Federal National Mortgage Association or to a new agency (the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation) a mortgage assistance subsidy payment and thereby re- duce the effective interest rate cost to eligible borrowers to 7 percent. Section 243(b) under title V of S. 3685 is ambiguous on the question of the applicability of the program to a no-downpayment VA guaranteed loan and, when section 243(b) was drafted, a specific provision to this effect was inadvertently omitted. It is our understanding that the pro- gram was intended to apply to such loans. The administration has sug- gested an amendment which would remove this ambiguity and would assure the applicability of the program to VA guaranteed loans. S. 3685 was amended by the House to eliminate title V and is sched- uled to go to conference. We favor the retention of title V, in lien of the subsidy program proposed in H.R. 16710 and hope that it will be restored to the bill as finally enacted. Subsidy assistance of the type provided for in title V of S. 3685 should be extended to veterans ob- taining loans assisted under chapter 37 of title 38 by the appropriate amendment to title V. This would place eligible veterans obtaining VA-guaranteed home loans on a parity with eligible homebuyers ob- taining Fl-IA-insured mortgage financing and also provide more uni- form and equitable assistance to all of our citizens in acquiring homes regardless of the type of federally assisted financing they obtain. The estimated cost of H.R. 16710 for the first fiscal year would be as follows: Sections 2, 3, 5, G-~Eliminatjon of delimiting dates on eligibility for VA Millions home loans $0. 3 Elimination of funding fee requirements 17. 3 Section 4(1)-~Guarantee of mobile home loans minimal Section 4(2)-~Closing cost subsidy 44. 9 Interest payment subsidy 45. 7 While we favor the general purpose sought to be achieved by H.R. 16710, we feel that the approach taken in the administration bill, H.R. 16762, and in administration bill, H.R. 17181, regarding removal of delimiting dates, is highly preferable. We, therefore, do not recom- mend favorable consideration of H.R. 16710 but urge adoption by your committee of the provisions of H.R. 16762 and H.R. 17181. The Office of Management and Budget advises that the enactment of H.R. 16762 and H.R. 17181, in lieu of H.R. 16710, would be in accord with the program of the President. Sincerely, DONALD E. JOHNSON, Adm'kii8trator. PAGENO="0026" 3436 91ST CONGRESS 16761 IN TIlE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES APRIL 6, 1910 Mr. TEAGUE of California (by request) introduced the following bill: which was referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs A BILL To amend title 38, United States Code, in order to authorize the Administrator to make advance edu~at.ional assistance payments to certain veterans; to make improvements in chapter 37 of such title; and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That this Act may be cited as the "Vietnam Veterans 4 Assistance Act of 1970". 5 SEC. 2. Section 1652 of title 38, United States Code, is 6 amended by- 7 (1) striking out "at least two years" in subsection 8 (a.) (2) and inserting in lieu thereof "more than one 9 hundred and eighty days"; and I PAGENO="0027" 3437 2 1 (2) by adding at the end of subsection (b) a new 2 sentence as follows: "Such term also means any unit 3 course or subject, or combination of courses or subjects, 4 pursued by an eligible veteran at an educational insti- 5 tution required by the Administrator of the Small Busi- 6 ness Administration as a condition to obtaining financial 7 assistance under the provisions of section 2902 (a) of 8 title 42." 9 Si~c. 3. Subsections (d) and (e) of section 1681 of 10 title 38, United States Code, are amended to read as follows: 11 "(d) The Administrator shall, except as provided in 12 subsection (e) of this section, pay the initial educational 13 assistance allowance of an enrollment period to an eligible 14 veteran in an amount not to exceed the educational assist- 15 ance allowance for the month or fraction thereof in which 16 pursuit of the program will commence, plus the educational 17 assistance allowance for one full month, upon receipt of 18 proof that the eligible veteran has been accepted for enroll- 19 ment in an approved educational institution on a half-time 20 or more basis. Such payment shall not b,e made earlier than 21 the first day of the month in which pursuit of the program 22 is to commence. Subsequent payments of educational assist- 23 ance allowance~shall be made each month in advance, sub- 24 . . ject to such reports and proof of satisfactory pursuit of such 25 program as the Administrator niay require. The Admin- PAGENO="0028" 3438 3 1 istrator may withhold the final payment of an enrollment 2 period until such proof is received a.nd the amount appro- 3 priately adjusted. If the ehgll)le veteran fails to enroll in 4 the course after receiving the initial payment of the educa- 5 tional assistance allowance, the amount of such advance pay- 6 ment may be recovered from any benefit otherwise due the `~ veteran under any law administered by the Veterans' Ad- 8 ministration or such overpayment shall constitute a liability ~ of such eligible veteran and may be recovered in the same 10 manner as any other debt due the United States. 11 "(e) No educational assistance allowance shall be paid 12 to an eligible veteran enrolled in a program of education con- 13 sisting exclusively of flight training or exclusively by corre- 14 spondence for any period until the Administrator shall have 15 received- 16 "(1) from the eligible veteran a certification as to 17 his actual attendance during such period or, where the 18 program is pursued by correspondence, a certificate as to 19 the number of lessons act uallv coiiipleted by the veteran 20 and serviced bythe institution, and 21 "(2) from the educational institution, a certifica- 22 tion, or an endorsement on the veteran's certificate, that 23 such veteran was enrolled in and pursuing a course of 24 education during such period and, in the case of an insti- 25 tution furnishing education to a veteran exclusively by PAGENO="0029" 3439 4 1 correspondence, a certificate, or an endorsement on the 2 veteran's certificate, as to the number of lessons corn- 3 pleted by the veteran and serviced by the institution." 4 Sio. 4. (a) Subchapter Ii of chapter 37 of title 38, 5 United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof 6 the following new section: 7 "~ 1819. Loans to purchase mobile homes 8 "(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chap- 9 ter, any veteran eligible for loan guaranty benefits under 10. this chapter who has maxinmin home loan guaranty entitle- 11 ment available foi' use shall be eligible for the mobile home 12 loan guaranty benefit under this section. TIse of the mobile 13 home loan guaranty benefit in this section shall preclude the 14 use of any home loan guaranty entitlement under any other 15 section of this chapter until the mobile home loan guaranteed 16 under this section has been paid in full. 1.7 " (b) Any loan to a veteran eligible tinder subsection 18 (a.) , if made by an approved lender in accordance with the 19 provisions of this section, may be guaranteed by the Admin- 20 istrator if the loan is for the pitipose of purchasing a new 21 mobile home or for the purchase of a used mobile home 22 provided such used mobile home is tl~e security for a prior 23 loan guaranteed under this section or is the security for a 24 loan guaranteed or insured by another Federal agency. Any 25 loan for such purpose shall be submitted to the Administrator PAGENO="0030" 3440 0 1 for approval prior to loan closing. Upon determining that 2 the proposed loan is eligible for guaranty under this section 3 the Administrator may issue a commitment to guarantee 4 such loan and shall thereafter guarantee the loan when made 5 if such loan qualifies therefor in all respects. The Admbiiistra- 6 tor's guaranty shall not exceed 30 per centum of the principal 7 balance of the loan as of the date of the first uncured default ~ in payment as defined by the Administrator. Payment of such ~ guaranty shall he made only after liquidation of the security 10 for the loan and the filing of an accounting with the Admin- ~ istrator. In such accounting the Administrator may allow 12 the holder of the loan to charge against the liquidation or 13 resale proceeds accrued unpaid interest to such cut-off date 14 as he may establish, and such costs and expenses as he de- 15 termines to he reasonable and proper. 16 "(c) In lieu of determining the reasonable value of the 17 mobile home to he purchased withthe proceeds of a proposed 18 loan and~ establishhig a loan maximum based on such reason- 19 able value, the Administrator may est~~hlish a maximum loan 20 amount based on the manufacturer's invOice cost to the dealer 21 and such other cost factors as lie considers proper to take 22 into account. Irrespective of the basis utilized by the Adminis- 23 trator for determining the maximum permissible loan amount. 24 no proposed loan shall he approved for guaranty if the loan PAGENO="0031" 3441 6 1 amount exceeds $10,000 or if the term of the loan exceeds 2 twelve years and thirty-two days. Such limitations on the 3 amount and term of the loan, however, shall not be deemed 4 to preclude the Administrator from consenting to necessary 5 advances for the protection of the security or the holder's 6 lien, or to a reasonable extension of the term or reamortiza- 7 tion of a loan. In addition, no proposed loan shall be approved 8 for guaranty unless 9 "(1) the loan is repayable in approximately equal 10 monthly installments; 11 "(2) the terms of repayment bear a proper rela- 12 tionship to the veteran's present and anticipated income 13 and expenses, and the veteran is a satisfactory credit 14 15 "(3) the loan will be secured by a first lien on the 16 mobile home; 17 "(4) the amount of the loan (not to exceed $10,- 18 000 in any event) is not in excess of the maximum 19 amount prescribed by the Administrator; 20 "(5) the veteran certifies, in such form as the 21 Administrator nlay prescribe, that lie will personally 22 occupy the property as his home; 23 "(6) the mobile home is or will be placed on a 24 site which is acceptable to the Administrator; 25 "(7) the interest rate to be charged on the loan PAGENO="0032" 3442 1 does not exceed the permissible rate established by the 2 Administrator; 3 "(8) a fee, not to exceed that specified in section 1818 (d) of this chapter, has been received by the 5 Administrator. 6 "(d) The Administrator shall establish such rate of 7 interest or discount for mobile home loans as he determines S to be necessary in order to assure a reasonable supply of 9 mobile home loan financing for veterans under this section. 10 "(e) Notwithstanding the $10,000 limitntion in sub- 11 section (c), a loan to purchase a mobile home to be. guar- 12 anteed under this section may he increased by a sum not in 13 excess of $3,000 or the reasonable value of the lot as deter- 14 mined by the Administrator, whichever is less, for the acqni- 15 sition of a lot on which to place the mobile home provided 16 a first lien is also oI)tained on such lot for the combined 17 loan amount. In any such case the 30 per centum limitation 18 on the guaranty in subsection (h) shall be based on the 19 combined loan amount. 20 "(f) Entitlement to the benefit used under this section 21 may be restored by the Administrator provided the loan has 22 been repaid in full. 23 "(g) The Administrator is hereby authorized and di- 24 rected to promulgate such regulations as he determines to he 25 necessary or appropriate in order to fully implement the pro- PAGENO="0033" 3443 8 1 visiOns of this section, and in such regulations he may include 2 any of the provisions in other sections of this chapter as he 3 determines to be applicable or appropriate for loans guara.n- 4' teed under this section. The Administrator shall have such 5 powers in respect to matters arising under this section as he 6 has in respect to loans guaranteed under other sections of this 7 chapter. 8 "(h) No loans shall be guaranteed by the Admiiiis- 9 trator under the provisions of this section on and after July 1, 10 1973, except pursuant to commitments issued prior to such 11 date." 12 (b) The table' of sections at the beginning of chapter 37 13 of such title is amended by inserting immediately after `~181S. Yet~rans who serve after January 31, 1955." 14 the, following':; "1819.. Loans to purchase mobile homes.". 15,. .,~ ,SEC...;5. . This Act shall become effective the first day of 16. the second month following the date of enactment, except 17 the amendments by section 4 shall become effective the first 18 . day of. the, third, month following the date of enactment. 48-254 0 - 70 - 3 PAGENO="0034" 3444 91ST CONGRESS 16762 TN TI FE 1101 Tf~E OF i~EP1~ESENTATIVES Ai'nn. 6, 1970 i\1r. `1E~cTTE of i~ex;is (by request) introduced the following loll : which was referred to the Co~nniittee on Veteians ~flaiis A BILL To amend title 38. United States Code, in order to authorize the Administrator to make advance educational assistance payments to certain veterans; to make improvements in chapter 37 of such title; and for other ~~uiposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 lives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That this Act may l)e cited as the "Vietnam 5scterans As- 4 sistanee Act of 1970". 5 Si~c. 2* Section 1 (3~2 of title 38, United States Code, is 6 amended by- 7 (1) striking out "at least two years" in subsec- S tion (a) (2) and inserting in lieu tlieieof "more than 9 one hundred and eighty days" ; and I PAGENO="0035" 3445 9 1 (2) by adding at the cud of subsection (b) a new .2 sentence as follows: "Such term also means any unit 3 course or subject, or combination of courses or subjects, 4 pursued by an eligible veteran at an educational insti- 5 tution required by the Adiniiiistrator of the Small Busi- 6 ness A dininistrafiun as a condition to obtaining financial 7 assistance under the plovisiolls ol section 2902 (a) of 8 title 42." 9 Si~. 3. Subsections (d) and (e) of section 1681 of 10 title 38, United States Code, aie amended to read as follows: 11 " (d) The A.diniiiistrafor shall, except as provided in 12 suhsection (e) of this section, ~y the initial educational as- 1.3 sistarice allowance of an enrollment period to an eligible 14 veteran in an amount not to exceed the educational assist- 15 ance allowance for the month or fraction thereof in which 16 pursuit of the program will commence, J)]us the educational 17 assistance allowance for one full month, upon receipt of proof 18 that the eligible veteran has been accepted for enrollment 19 in an approved educational institution on a half-time or more 20 basis. Such payment shall not be made earlier than the first 21 day of the month in which 1)ursuit of the program is to 22 commence. Subsequent payments of ed.ucationa.l assistance 2o allowance shall he made each month in advance, subj~ct I o 24 such reports and proof of satisfactory pursuit of such program 25 as the A dministrator may require. The A dininistrator ma\r PAGENO="0036" 3446 3 1 withhold the final pa nent of an enrollment period until such 2 proof is received and the amount appropriately adjusted. If 3 the eligible veteran fails to enroll in the course after receiv- 4 ing the initial payment of the educational assistance allow- 5 aiice, the amount of such advance payment may be recovered 6 from any benefit otherwise due the veteran under any law 7 administered by the Veterans' Administration or such over- 8 payment shall constitute a liability of such eligible veteran ~ and may be recovered in the same manner as any other debt 10 dtie the United States. 11 "(e) No educational assistance allowance shall be paid 12 to an eligible veteran enrolled in a program of education con- 13 sisting exclusively of flight training or exclusively by corre- 14 spondence for any period until the Administrator shall have 15 received- 16 "(1) from the eligible veteran a certification as to 17 his actual attendance during such period or, where the 18 program is pursued by correspondence, a certificate as to 19 the number of lessons actually completed by the veteran 20 and serviced by the institution, and 21 "(2) from the education institution, a certification, 22 or an endorsement on the veteran's certificate, that such 23 veteran was enrolled in and pursuing a course of educa- 94 . . . . . . tion during such period and, in the case of an institution 2~ furnishing education to a veteran exclusively by corre- PAGENO="0037" 3447 4 I spondeiice, a certificate, or an endorsement on `the vet- eran's certificate, as to the number of lessons completed 3 by the veteran and serviced by the institution." 4 Sw~. 4. (a) Subchapter II of chapter 37 of title 38, 5 United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof 6 the following new `section: 7 "~ 1819. Loans to purchase mobile homes 8 " (a) Notwithstanding any other J)rovisions of this ~ chapter, any veteran eligible for loan giiaraiity bellefits 10 under this chapter who has rnaxininin home loan guaranty 11 entitlement available for use shall be eligible for the mobile 12 home loan guaranty benefit under this section. Use of the 13 mobile home loan guaranty l)enefit in this section shall pre- 14 chide the use of any home loan guaranty entitlement under any other section of this chapter until the mobile home 16 loan guaranteed under this section ha's been paid in full. 17 " (b) Any loan to a. veteran eligible under subsection 18 (a.) , if made by an approved lender in accordance with the 19 ])rovmons of this sectioii, may be guaranteed by the Ad- 20 ministrator if the loaii is for time purpose of purchasing a. 2.1 new i'nobile home or for the purchase of a used mobile 22 home provided such used mobile home is the security for a 23 prior loan guaranteed under this section or is the security for 24 a loan guaranteed or insured by another federal agency. Any 25 loan for such purpose shall be submitted to the Adrninis- PAGENO="0038" 3448 1 trator for approval prior to loan closing. Upon determining 2 that the proposed loan is eligible for guaranty under this 3 section the Administrator may issue a commitment to guarai~- 4 tee such loan and shall thereafter guarantee the loan when 5 made if such 1oan qualifies t1ierefov in all respects. The Ad- 6 ministrator's guaranty shall iiot exceed 30 per centum of 7 the principal balance of the loan as of the date of the first 8 imcured default in payment as defined by the Administrator. 9 Payment of such guaranty shall be made only after liquida- 10 tion of the security for the loan and the filing of an account- 11 ing with the Administrator. In such accounting the Ad- 12 ministrator may allow the holder of the loan to charge against 13 the liquidation or resale piocccls accrued unpaid interest to 14 such cut-oil date as lie may establish, and such costs and cx- 15 penses as he determines to be reasonable and proper. 16 "(c) In lieu of determining the reasonable value of the 17 mobile home to be purchased with the proceeds of a proposed 18 loan a.nd eStal)lishiflg a loan maximum based on such reason- 19 able value, the Administrator may establish a maximum 20 loan amount based on the manufacturer's invoice cost to the 21 dealer and such other cost factors as he considers proper to 22 take into account. Irrespective of the basis utilized by the 23 Administrator for determining time maximum permissible 24 loan amoiiiit, no l)rOpOsCd loan shall be approved for guaranty PAGENO="0039" 3449 6 1 if the loan amount exceecTs $10,000 or if the terni of the loan 2 exceeds twelve years and thirty-two days. Such limitations 3 on the amount and term of the loan, however, shall not be 4 deemed to preclude the Administrator from consenting to 5 necessary advances for the protection of the security or the 6 holder's lien, or to a reasonable extension of the term or 7 reainortization of a loan. In addition, no proposed loan shall 8 be approved for guaranty unless "(1) the loan is repayable in approximately equal 10 monthly installments; 11 " (2) the terms of repaynient bear a proper rela- 12 tionship to the veteran's presei~t and antie~pated income 13 and expenses. and the veteran is a satisfactory credit 14 risk; 15 "(3) the loaii will be secured by a first lien on the 16 mobile home 17 "(4) the amount of the loan (not to exceed $10,- 18 000 in any event) is not in excess of the maximum 19 amount prescribed by the Administrator; 20 "(5) the veteran certifies, in such form as the 21 Administrator may prescribe, that he will personally 22 occupy the property as his home; 23 "(6) the mobile honie is or will he placed on a 24 sIte wlioii is aeeeplahle to ti~e Adinini~ti'ator; 23 "(7) the interest rate to be charged on the loan PAGENO="0040" 3450 7 1 does not exceed the permissible rate established by the 2 Administrator; 3 "(8) a. fee, not to exceed that specified in section 4 1818 (d) of this chapter, has been received by the 5 Administrator. 6 "(d) The Administrator shall establish such rate of ~ interest or discount for mobile home loans as he determines to be necessary in order to assure a reasonable suppiy of ~ mobile home loan financing for veterans under this section. 10 "(e) Notwithstanding the $10,000 limitation in sub- ~ section (c), a loan to purchase a. mobile home to be guara.n- 12 teed under this section may be increased by a sum not in 13 excess of $3,000 or the reasonable value of the lot as deter- 14 mined by the Administrator, whichever is less, for the ac- 15 quisition of a lot on which to plane the mobile home pro- 16 vided a first lien is also obtained on such lot for the combined 17 loan amount. In any such case the 30 Ier centum limita- 18 tion on the guaranty in subsection (b) shall be based on 19 the combined loan amount. 20 "(f) Entitlement to the benefit used under this section 21 may be restored by the Administrator provided the loan has 22 been repaid in full. 23 "(g) The Administrator is hereby authorized and ~ directed to promulgated such regulations as lie determines to 25 be necessary or appropriate in order to fully implement the PAGENO="0041" * 3451 8 1 provisions of this section, and in such regulations he may 2 include any of the provisions in other sections of this chapter 3 as lie determines to be applicable or appropriate for loans 4 guaranteed under this section. The Administrator shall have 5 such po~vers in respect to matters arising under this section as 6 lie has in respect to loans guaranteed under other sections of 7 this chapter. 8 "(h) No loans shall be guaranteed by the Administrator 9 under the provisions of this section on and after ~Jnly 1, 1973, 10 except pursuant to commitments issued prior to such date." 11 (b) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 37 12 of such title is amended by inserting immediately after "ISIS. `Vcleraiis who serve aftei Jaiiuarv 1, l9~5." 13 the followimig: "1819. Loans to purchase mobile lioine~.' 14 Sno. 5. This Act shall become effective the first day of 15 the second month following the date of enactment, except the 16 amendments by section 4 shall become effective the first day 17 of the third month following the date of enactment. PAGENO="0042" 3452 VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF TilE ADMINISTRATOR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS, TVashimgtoii, D.C., April 1, 1970. Hon. JoHN W. MCCORMACtC Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAI~ Mit. SPEAKER: Enclosed is a draft. bill to amend title 38, United States Code, in order to authorize the Administrator to make advance educational assistance payments to certain veterans; to make improve- ments in chapter 37 of such title; and for other purposes, with the request that it be introduced in order that. it might be* considered for enactment. The provisions of the draft bill are designed to implement those recommendations contained in the report of the President's Committee on the Vietnam Veteran which cannot be accomplished administra- tively and which were not covered in the recently enacted Veterans Education and Training Amendments Act of 1970. Briefly, the draft bill would- Authorize an advance payment of the educational assistance allowance in order to assist the veteran during the enrollment period meet the necessary initial outlay required by most schools for prepayment of fees, tuition, books, and the necessary money for si~bsistence for himself and his family imtil the first payment of the educational assistance allowance is received; Permit cooperative GI bill educational training for disadvan- taged or minority group veterans in qualifying for a Small Busi- ness Administration loan; Revise the eligibility criteria for in-service programs to assist servicemen to prepare for postsecondary training while on active duty by permitting them to participate in such programs follow- ing the completion of if months of active duty; and Authorize the Veterans' Administration to guarantee lOans by private lenders for the purchase of mobile homes. There is enclosed a section by section analysis of the draft bill together with an estimate of cost We are advised by the Bureau of the Budget that there is no objec- tion to the presentation of this draft bill and its enactment would be in accord with the program of the President Smcerelv, DONALD E JOHNSON, Admanistrator PAGENO="0043" 3453 SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS Section 1 of the draft bill provides that the act may be cited as the "Vietnam Veterans Assistance Act of 1970." Section 2 of the draft bill would amend section 1fi52 of title 38 by striking out in subsection (a):(~) the words "at least two years" and ;inser~ing. in lieu. thereQf~mQre than 180 days". This provision of the th~aft' `bill `~ouild ~ it~'eervioeman, after 180 dayi active duty, to obtain further tra~ing This will permit those m service to adjust edu cation programs to the i~ealities of their service Many servicemen h~ e more free time during the early part of their active duty service than' at `~ later period during such service. This will facilitate their read justment upon release from active duty and close the gap between servicemen and those who could further their careers without inter- iuption Tinder existing provisions of the GI bill, men in the active milit'u'y service can qualify for GI bill payment of tuition and fees if the'~ already ha~ e served at least 2 years The draft proposal would be an extension of the provision contirned in the recently en'tcted Veterans Education and Tramin~ Amendments Act of 1970 which permits educationally deficient servicemen to pur- sue courses leading to a high school diploma or its equivalent or to qualify for attendance at an approved educational institution, by per- mitting all servicemen who have served more than 180 days on active duty to pursue programs of education while still in the Armed Forces. `For most men on active duty, military service is a period of interrup- tion of schooling or employment. This period of active duty can be used to benefit the serviceman by giving him an opportunity to un- prove his skills or educational qualifications. Section 2 of the draft bill would amend subsection (b) of section 1652 by inserting a new sentence `at the end thereof. This ad'ded pro- vision would enlarge the definition of program of education to include any approved unit course or subject, or combination thereof, pursued by an eligible veteran at an educational institution as required by the Administrator of the Small Business Administration as a condition to obtaining a small business loan under the Economic `Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended. Most Vietnam veterans do not have the financial ~apacity for `starting or expanding a business of their own. The veteran requires knowledge, experience, money, and business guidance to suc- cessfully operate a business. Financial instititions require some training and expertise on the part of the borrower before `lending money for business purposes, and the borrower's background and experience are important considerations in determining the risk involved in making the loan. Many small busi- ness ventures fail because of `lack of busmess training. Coordinated training programs can provide the veteran with the knowledge nec- essary to carry on the bookkeeping, managerial, personnel,, and other business functions. The bill permits a program structured to this need to be considered a program leading to an acceptable objective. Section 3 of the draft bill would authorize the Administrator to make an `initial advance payment of the educational assistance allow- ance to veterans enrolled in an educational institution half time or more, plus the allowance for 1 full month, upon receipt of proof that the eligible veteran has been `accepted for enrollment in an approved PAGENO="0044" 3454 educational institation. Such payment would be made not earlier than the 1st of the month in which pursuit of the program is to commence. The veteran who enrolls in institutional training must pay for his tuition either prior to commencement of classes or shortly thereafter. The amount which he is required to pay often will deter the veteran from entering training because this initial outlay will drain off his available funds. Under existing law, the veteran can receive only a partial month payment of his Veterans' Administration educational assistance allow- ance after he has completed his first calendar month of training. This payment is received after the necessary enrollment data has been. sub- mitted by the school and processed by the Veterans' Administration. By authorizing the advance payment when the school certifies he has been accepted for enrollment, he can be provided with funds to meet initial tuition and ongoing subsistence needs. Administrative control over the propriety of such payment is pro- vided for by authorizing the Administrator to withhold final payment of an enrolhnent period until proof of satisfactory pursuit of the program is furnished. Section 4 of the draft bill would amend subchapter II of chapter 37, title 38, in order to make veterans not now in a position to take advan- tage of their GI home loan benefit eligible for a guaranteed loan to purchase a mobile home. The use of this special mobile home benefit would not bar the veteran from using his GI loan benefit later on to acquire a conventional type home when he can afford to do so. This proposal would provide for guaranteed loan financing on more liberal terms than those obtainable on a conventional basis which usually necessitate substantial downpayments. It would permit the guarantee of a loan of up to $10,000, repayable over a term as long as 12 years. Also, the loan could include an additional $3,000 to finance the purchase of a lot on which to place the mobile home. The interest rate on these loans would be established at the lowest possible level necessary to assure a reasonable supply of private lender financing. Section 5 of the draft bill provides an effective date of the first day of the second month following the date of enactment, except the amend- ments made by section 4 would become effective the 1st day of the third month following the date of enactment. COST ESTIMATE Draft bill to amend title 38, United States Code, in order to authorize the Administrator to make advance educational assistance payments to certain veterans; to make improvements in chapter 37 of such title; and for other purposes. 1. Section ~L-(a) Training by servicemen after completion of more than 180 days active duty. First year cost: $17 million. (b) Training to quahfy for Small Business Administration Loan. First year cost: Nominal. 2. Section 3.-Advance payment of educational assistance allowance. First year cost: Nominal. 3. Section 4.-Mobile home guarantee loans. First year cost :~ Minimal. PAGENO="0045" 3455 ~lST CONGRESS 2D SESSION . 1 71 81 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Arnu~ 23, 1970 Mr. TEAGtTE of Texas (for himself and Mr. AYRES) (by request) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee onVeterans' Affairs A BILL' To remove time limitations on, the duration of eligibility of veterans for guaranteed `and direct loans. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, ~ That section 1802 (b) of title 38, United States Code, is ~ amended by striking out the last sentence thereof. 5 SEC. 2. Section 1803 of title 38, United States Code, is 6 amended by striking out subsection (a) and inserting in lieu 7 thereof the following: 8 "(a) Any loan to a World War II or Korean conflict 9 veteran, if made for any of the purposes, and in compliance 10 with the provisions, specified in this chapter is automatically 11 guaranteed by the United `States in an amount not more than I PAGENO="0046" 3456 1 60 per centum of the loan if the loan is made for any of 2 the purposes specified in section 1810 of this title and not 3 more than 50 per centurn of the loan if the loan is for any 4 of the purposes specified in section 1812, 1813, or 1814 ~ of this title." SEC. 3. Subsection (h) of section 1811 of title 38, ~ United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 8 "(h) No loan may be made under this section to any veteran after January 31, 1975, except pursuant to a corn- 10 mitrnent issued by the Administrator before such date." ~ SEC. 4. Section 1818 of title 38, United States Code, 12 is amended (1) by striking out subsection (c) ; (2) by ~ ~ redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), ~ respectively; and (3.) by amending subsection (e), as 15 redesignated subsection (d) in (2) above, to read as 16 follows: 17 "(d) Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this 18 section, a veteran deriving entitlement under this section 19 shall not be required to pay the fee prescribed by subsection 20 (c) and such entitlement shall include eligibility for any 21 of the purposes specified in sections 1813 and 1815, and 22 business loans under section 1814 of this title, if (1) he 23 derived entitlement to the benefits of this chapter based on 24 service during World War II or the Korean conflict, and 25 (2) he has not used any of his entitlement derived from 26 such service." PAGENO="0047" 3457 VETERANS~ ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., April 16, 1970. Hon. JOHN W. MCCORMACK, Speaker of the Ho'use of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. `SPEAKER: There is transmitted herewith a draft of a bill to remove time limitations on the duration of eligibility of veterans for guaranteed and direct loans, with the request that it be introduced in order that it may be considered for enactment. Prior to July 6, 1961, World War II veterans, as well as Korean veterans, were limited in their use of VA loan benefits to a period terminated by a fixed `date. This terminal date had been extended sev- eral times so that as to World War II veterans it was then fixed at July 25, 1962, and as to Korean conflict veterans at January 31, 1965. Public Law 87-84, approved July 6, 1961, established a phaseout formula, gearing the entitlement period to the length of the veteran's war service and the date of `his discharge, with emphasis on those who served longest and were most recently discharged. Under the formula, each veteran was given entitlement of 10 years from date of separation from his last period of duty which included service in the `war period, plus an additional period of 1 year for each 3 months of active duty performed during the war or conflict. Under current law (38 U.S.C. 1803), the eligibility of World War II and Korean conflict veterans cannot extend beyond July 25, 1970, and January 31, 1975, respectively. The foregoing entitlement formula applies also to veterans of the post-Korean period `having loan entitlement under section 1818 of title 38, except that the final date within which the phaseout formula operates for that group is 20 years from the date of the veteran's separation from his last period of active duty. Terminal dates for the eligibility of World War II veterans have been extended several times. Extensions have been made at or just prior to the statutory cutoff dates which has created a strong climate of uncertainty for veterans and other program participants. Removal of the phaseout criteria and the group cutoff dates would eliminate the element of urgency by veterans in using their eligibility, which becomes critical in periods of credit stringency. Elimination of the delimiting dates on eligibility for the (II loan program would be in line `with the eligibility criteria for the FHA vet- erans' loan program. Such a change would also simplify the adminis- tration of the VA loan programs. Further, veterans could adjust the timing of their home purchases `and mortgage credit needs to coincide PAGENO="0048" 3458 2 with favorable private market conditions, when sellers and lenders are willing to participate in the loan guarantee program. No veteran would be denied use of his entitlement because it had expired at a time when guaranteed loans were unavailable. Our legislative proposal would amend 38 U.S.C. 1803(a) to elimi- nate the basic phaseout criteria and cutoff dates for World War II and Korean.veterans and would make similar changes in 38 U.S.C. 1818(c) for veterans who serve after January 31, 1955. Corresponding'changes would be made in sections 1802(b), 1811(h), and 1818(e) to delete secondary references to the entitlement expiration dates thus elimi- nated. The terminal date for the direct loan program (January 31, 1975) now prescribed in section 1818(c) has been retained by incor- poration in section 1811(h) which deals specifically with the direct loan program. If this proposal is enacted, it is estimated that in the first year there would be 35,000 loans closed which otherwise would not `be made under the VA loan program.. In 5 years, the cumulative additional loans would approximate 179,000. It is estimated th'at the additional cost for the first year, i.e., administrative expenses and operational losses and expenses, would be about $5.3 mfflion and that the aggregate cost for the 5-year period would approximate $26.5 million. We are `advised `by the Bureau of the Budget that there is no objec- tion `to the presentation of this proposed legislation and that its enact- ment would be in accord wi'th the program of the President. Sincerely, FRED B. RHODES, Deputy Administrator `(In the absence of Donald E. Johnson, Administrator). PAGENO="0049" 3459 91ST CONGRESS T T .~ 2D SESSION 1-I. K. 1 7258 IN rpfl}l I1O1JSE O1~ IIEPRESENThTIVES A1uIIL 27, 1970 Mr. TEAGUE of Texas (for himself and Mr. A~m~s) (by request) introduced the following bill ; which was referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs A BILL To amend section 1811 of title 38, United States Code, to au- thorize the Veterans' Administration to make direct loans to any veteran who is determined to be eligible for assistance in acquiring specially adapted housing under chapter 21 of title 38, United States Code. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and house of Representa- 2 ti'ves of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That section 1811 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 4 by adding after subsection (k) the following new subsection: 5 " (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) 6 (b) , and (c) of this section, the Administrator is authorized 7 to make or enter into a commitment to make a loan to a~ vet- 8 eran who is determined to be eligible for the benefits of chap- I 48-254 0 - 70 - 4 PAGENO="0050" 3460 2 1 ter 21 of this title, to assist such veteran iii acquiring a 2 cially adapted liousuig unit authorized under chapter 21, if 3 the veteran is eligible for loan guaranty benefits under this 4 title aiid shows to the sa.tisfactl()11 of the Adiiiinistrator that 5 he is miable to obtain a guaranteed loan for such 1)U1I)OsO (~ from a private lender. Such loans shall be subject to all pio- 7 visions of tins section except. those contaiiied ill subseetioiis S (b) ~md (c) ." 9 Si~c. 2. Section 1811 (i) (1) of title 38, United States i() Code, is aiuieiided by insertiiig after "housiiig credit shortage 1 1 area," the I ollowmg: "or in an area for a. veteran who is 12 determined to i)e eligible for assistance in acquiring a spe- 13 cially adapted housing uiflit under chapter 21 of this title,". PAGENO="0051" 3461 VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF THE ADM~NISThATQR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS, WashIngton, D 0, April ~2, 1970 Hon JOHN W MCCORMACK, Speaker of the House of Representatwes, Washlngtort, D C DEAR MR. SPEAKER: There is transmitted herewith a draft of a bill "To amend section 1811 of title 38, United States Code, to:authorize the Veterans' Administration to make direct loans to any veteran who is determined to be eligible for assistance in acquiring speciallyad~pted housing under chapter `21 of title 38, United States Code," with the request that it be introduced in order that it may be considered for enactment. . Chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, authorizes the partial guarantee of home, farm, and business loans made by private lenders to veterans of World War Ill and the Korean conflict. It also authorizes the partial guarantee of home loans made by private lenders to veterans who serve after January 31, 1955. In recognition of the fact that availability of `private capital in rUral areas `and small cities or towns is generally limited, the Congress established under the Housing Act of 1950 (Public Law 475, 81st Congress) the special program of direct loans to veterans in "housing credit shortage areas." This direct-loan program is financed through a revolving fund. The fund is reimbursed by principal repayments on direct loans held by the Administrator and the proceeds of any direct loans sold by him. Section 1811(b) of title 38, United States Code, limiting the scope of the direct loan program, presently provides that whenever the Administrator finds that private capital is not generally available in any rural area or small city or town for financing guaranteed home loans, he shall designate such place as a "housing credit shortage area," thereby making such area eligible for direct loans. There is no au- thority to make a direct loan elsewhere. The proposed legislation would expand the direct loan program to allow the Administrator to make direct loans to a very limited group of veterans suffering from permanent and total service-connected disabilities of such a nature as to entitle them to monetary assistance in purchasing specially adapted housing under chapter 21 of title 38. Even though such a veteran may live in a large metropolitan area the direct loan would be available to him, if there is a showing he cannot obtain the money from a private lender. It would be available, however, only for use in helping to acquire the specially adapted housing unit and building site theref or authorized under chapter 21 of titje 38, United States Code. No change is proposed in the present PAGENO="0052" 3462 statutory requirements relating to credit and income, the retentioii of which is consonant with the longstanding concept that the GI loan program is a "market rate" program and not a subsidy or grant. program. It has been our experience that there are frequent occasions when credit is short in large urban areas as.well as in rural areas and small. towns. During these periods of credit stringency;many veterans ar~ unable to find private lenders willing to make VA-guaranteed. 1o'~ns `to~ finance the purchase or construction of homes. This includes the limited group of veterans, most of whom are paraplegic,, who having obtained a grant for specially adapted Eousing find they cannot finance their home purchases with VA-guaranteed loans. We believe that these severely handicapped veterans whose disability resulted from service,, in recognition of their sacrifices for the Nation,. deserve to be insulated against wide fluctuations in the private capital market~ The assurance of credit availability for such veterans through direct VA loans is deemed meritorious `and would be a meaningful extension of the special housing benefit which has been provided for the group. It is estimated that approximately 150 eligible veterans would apply for these direct loans each year, at an annual administrative cost of approximately $17,500. The outlay for making such loans would be approximately $3,150,000 which would be funded. from the direct loan, revolving fund and subsequently recovered for the fund from loan payments. We are advised by the Bureau of the Budget that there is no objection to the presentation of this proposed legislation and that its enactment would be in accord with the program of the President. Sincerely, DONALD EL JOHNSON,' Administrator. PAGENO="0053" 3463 Mr. BARING. Some of the bills before us propose payment of a portion of the veteran's interest charges for the first 3 ye~trs, and there is a proposal before us which would provide for direct loans to veterans receiving the special adapted housing grant. Our first witness will be Mr. Olney B. Owen, Chief Benefits Director, Veterans' Administration. STATEMENT OF OLNEY B. OWEN, CHIEF BENEFITS DIRECTOR, VET- ERANS' ADMINISTRATION; ACCOMPANIED BY JOHN DERVAN, DIRECTOR, LOAN GUARANTEE SERVICE; AND 3OHN H. KERBY, ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL Mr. OWENS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee. I am pleased to have the opportunity to appear here this morning and to discuss with you the bills you now have under consideration relating to the veterans home loan assistance program. Before proceeding, I would would like to introduce two of my associates: Mr. John Dervan, Director of Loan Guarantee Service, and Mr. John Kerby, Assistant General Counsel, Office of the General Counsel of the Veterans' Administration. The principal purposes of these bills are to: provide for VA loan guarantee underwriting of mobile home financing; remove the de- limiting dates on eligibility of VA home loans; provide for a closing cost subsidy; and provide an interest payment subsidy. I will discuss each of these purpose separately in the order I have mentioned. Mr. Chairman, as you and the other members of the subcommittee know, on June 5, 1969, President Nixon created a cabinet level com- mittee on the Vietnam veteran to evaluate how well the nation is meeting its debt to today's veterans. The report of the committee was presented to the President and approved by him on March 26, 1970. A copy of this report has been previously furnished to each member of this subcommittee and, with your permission, 1 would like to file a copy at this time for inclusion in the record as a part of my remarks. Mr. BARING. Without objection, it is so ordered. (The report referred to follows:) PAGENO="0054" PAGENO="0055" 3465 Report of the PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE on the VIETNAM VETERAN DONALD E. JOHNSON Administrator of Veterans Affairs Chairman PAGENO="0056" 3466 RE PORT OF THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON THE VIETNAM VETER.AN PAGENO="0057" 3467 REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON THE VIETNAM VETERAN TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 1 The Vietnam-era veteran 3 Veterans with physical handicaps 5 Veterans with educational and skill deficiencies- 6 Recommendations 10 A. Recommendations to Improve the Veteran's Access to Education Recommendation A-l - Advance Education Payment 10 Recommendation A-2 - In-service Eligibility for GI Bill Benefits 11 Recommendation A-3 - Building Better Bridges into College 13 Recommendation A-4 - Maximizing Success in College 15 Recommendation A-S - Tutorial Assistance-- 17 PAGENO="0058" 3468 PAGE B. Recommendations to Improve the Veteran's Access to Jobs and Job Training~ Recommendation B-i - Readjustment Appoint- ments in Federal Service la Recommendation B-2 - tIntensified Agency Recruiting 19 Recommendation B-3 - Use of MDTA Skill Centers 19 Recommendation B-4 - Linkage of Job Bank System 21 Recommendation B-5 - Removing Roadblocks to Military Skill Transfers 24 Recommendation B-6 - Improvements in Career Counselling 26 Recommendation B-7 - Expanding On-the-Job Training Opportunities 28 Recommendation B-8 - Availability of Con- current Training Benefits 30 C. Recommendations in Related Readjustment Areas Recommendation C-i - Minority Business Ownership Through SEA Loans-Coopera- tive Training 31 Recommendation C-2 - Loan Guaranty Under- writing Mobile Home Financing 33 PAGENO="0059" 3469 REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON THE VIETNAM VETERAN Introduction Throughout our history the American people have recognized a special obligation to those who have served in our Armed Forces. President Nixon, on June 5, 1969, created a Committee on the Vietnam Veteran to evaluate how well the Nation is meeting its debt to today's veterans. Committee members include the Administrator of Veterans Affairs (Chairman), the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, the Secretary of Labor, the Postmaster General, the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity and the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission. Early in its deliberations, the Committee determined that readjustment programs should be emphasized -- those programs which provide education and training assistance to returning Vietnam veterans so they can obtain productive and challenging career opportunities in our domestic life. 1. PAGENO="0060" 3470 The President has now signed H. R~ 11959. This legis- lation provides increased educational benefits for disabled veterans, war orphans, and war widows, and additional assistance to those who need special help to prepare for and pursue, further education and training. The benefit allowance increases should both promote participation and insure completion of training for those veterans who might otherwise be forced to discontinue their training due to financial incapacity. But we must go be- yond increasing GI bill benefits on an across-the-board basis. Other important innovations have been studied by this Committee and appropriate recommendations to accomplish them are contained in this report. The Committee obtained basic information on the Vietnam-era veteran population from surveys sponsored by the Committee and from surveys already conducted by Federal agencies, including: -- The Bureau of the Budget interagency survey of the disadvantaged veterans, October 1969. 2. PAGENO="0061" 3471 -- Department of Defense data on enlisted reservists and project 100,000 trainees, October 1969. -- Veterans Administration "Survey of expenses and income for veterans attending school under the GI Bill", July 1969. The Committee also obtained the views and recommen- dations of private citizens. Requests for views were sent to national and local business, banking and industrial organizations, the National Governors Conference and the U. S. Conference of Mayors, labor unions, associations of educational institutions and educators, Members of Congress involved with veterans' legislation, and veterans service organizations. The Vietnam-era veteran Large-scale commitment of American forces to Southeast Asia began late in 1964. Since that time, 3.7 million men and women have left military service. The annual rate of separations has increased gradually from 531 thousand 3. PAGENO="0062" 3472 in calendar 1965 to 958 thousand in 1969. In 1970 and 1971, the annual rate will climb to an estimated one million. This report refers to this group of veterans as "Vietnam-era veterans". These men and women show great potential. They are generally young with more than half falling in the age bracket 20-24. They are better educated than veterans of earlier wars. About 78% have completed high school at separation, compared with 63% of veterans of the Korean Conflict and 45% of veterans of World War II. The Vietnam-era veterans reflect the same racial proportions as the total American society. The economic potential of this group is high. Data available on veterans of earlier conflicts demonstrates their promise. Average earnings of post-Korean veterans are considerably higher than those of non-veterans in the same age groups. We are satisfied that the same general "economic advantage" will pertain to the Vietnam-era veteran. 4. PAGENO="0063" 3473 Veterans with physical handicaps Significant numbers of returning veterans, however, enter the economy with severe handicaps. In 1970 over 120,000 Vietnam-era veterans are receiving VA compensation for service-connected disabilities. In 1970, 25,000 of these disabled veterans are enrolled in VA'S vocational rehabilitation program which provides for full cost of tuition, books, supplies, a substantial subsistence allowance augmented for dependents, in addition to their service-connected compensation. The VA hospital system accords them top priority for admission to care for their service-connected disabilities. In 1970, an estimated 64 thousand Vietnam-era veterans will receive VA hospital care. Because these men in many cases have difficulty qualifying for commercial insurance, they are eligible to convert the $10,000 Servicemen's Group Life Insurance to commercial coverage under a pooled risk arrangement and they can obtain an additional $10,000 coverage under VA's Service-disabled Insurance Program. 5. PAGENO="0064" 3474 Veterans with educational and skill deficiencies Seven times more veterans than those who are disabled and entitled to compensation carry the invisible handicaps of inadequate or defective education and training. Measured by lack of a high school education, 16% of Vietnam-era veterans now being released from service are educationally disadvantaged. This is not, however, a full measure of those who educational deficiencies. Test results show that 30 percent of high school graduates in the Armed Forces scored as poorly or worse than the average score of those who had not completed high school. Ironically, these factors are an important determinant in placing men in military occupations. Those who had not completed their high school education and those who per- form poorly on the qualifications tests have less opportu- nity while in the service to acquire skills applicable to civilian jobs. 6. PAGENO="0065" 3475 Upon discharge, the veteran with educational defi- ciencies suffers a rate of unemployment significantly higher than that of his fellow veteran. A recent survey of veterans living in impoverished areas indicates that jobs are their main concern. The survey, based upon in- tensive interviews with more than~ 3,000 veterans, revealed 62% of those contacting Federal agencies wanted assistance in finding employment. Statistics on the employment experience of educational- ly handicapped veterans bears out their need for concern. A recent survey reported unemployment rates of 5.8% for white veterans who had completed high school and 8.8% for those white veterans with less than a high school education. These rates compare with a 4.6% unemployment rate for all non-veterans in the comparable age range. The same survey reported unemployment rates of 9% for Negro veterans who had completed high school and 18.5% for Negro veterans with less than a high school education. For Negro non-veterans in the same age group, the unemployment rate was 5.9%. The problems of many returning Vietnam veterans are demonstrated by these statistics. But they are, above all, human problems. The Vietnam veterans often return to 7. 48-254 0 - 70 - 5 PAGENO="0066" 3476 civilian life very much the same as they entered active service, except that they are a bit older, jobless, and anxious. For many of them job prospects are worse than for non-veterans in the same age brackets. Having assessed the problems of disabled veterans and veterans with educational and skill deficiencies, the Committee has determined that this report should concen- trate on ways in which veterans readjustment benefits for education and training can be made available to all veterans on a basis of equal access. As of February 1970, 1.06 million, or 27.8% of the 3.8 million eligible Vietnam-era veterans had used GI Bill edu- cation or training benefits. An additional 3.1 million veterans were eligible who had served in the period January 1955 and August 1964. Of these veterans, 1.7 million, or 24.6% have participated in GI Bill training. At present, approximately 70% of veterans in training are Vietnam-era veterans. Available survey data show that participation in GI Bill training is inverse to need. Nearly 50% of the veterans who a1read~y have college training at the time of discharge and 8. PAGENO="0067" 3477 therefore have the best prospects for immediate employ- ment seek to upgrade their education under the GI Bill. On the other hand, those who have serious education deficiencies show participation rates as low as 10%. 9. PAGENO="0068" 3478 RECONMENDATIP~ The Committee has developed three types of recommenda- tions: (A) recommendations to improve the veteran's access to education; (B) recommendations to improve the veteran's access to jobs and job training; and (C) recommendations in related readjustment areas. A. Recommendations to Improve the Veteran's Access to Education RECOMMENDATION NO. A-l Encourage veterans to enter and follow through with a training program by providing an advance education assistanç~ ~yment to help the veteran meet the initial costs of enter ing trainin~g~. The GI Bill provides monthly allowances for veterans enrolled in and attending approved programs of education. These payments do not begin, however, until after the veteran has enrolled, and completed each month of training. The effect of this after-the-fact method of payment can be to discourage program participation by the veteran who can- not afford the initial outlay required by most schools for prepayment of fees, tuition, books, and the necessary money for subsistence for himself and his family until the first payment is received. The intent of the program is thus jeopardized. Even for the financially more fortunate veteran, the prepayment of tuition and other costs 10. PAGENO="0069" 3479 constitutes a burden since the educational allowance is partial assistance rather than a full subsidy. The proposal would authorize an advance payment to help the veteran enroll in school. This would be done on an individual application basis. The amount advanced can be gradually recouped over the whole period of enroll- ment. RECOMMENDATION NO. A-2 Establish an in-service prog~ram to assist servicemen to prepare for post-secondary trainin~g~ while on active duty. Eliq~ibility criteria should be revised to permit partici pation following completion of six months active duty. The U. S. Armed Forces Institute (USAFI) of the Department of Defense currently sponsors educational pro- grams offering elementary, secondary, and college-level courses for servicemen. In 1969, 90,000 servicemen who had dropped out of high school took courses on an off-hours basis leading to a certificate of high school completion (`GED"). This program offers many opportunities for servicemen to upgrade their education at little cost. Its chief 11. PAGENO="0070" 3480 limitations regarding veterans with educational defi- ciencies are: -- Lack of tuition support for non-careerists. -- Lack of flexibility to get courses and remedial instruction in schools near the man's military base. Under existing provisions of the GI Bill (38 Usc 1652) men in the active military service can qualify for GI Bill payment of tuition and fees, provided they already have served at least two years. The proposal would bestow these benefits upon short-term draftees, provided they had served six months. For veterans with educational deficiencies, this benefit would provide without charge to their future GI Bill entitlement courses for high school completion or refresher or deficiency courses for admission to college or technical schools. The proposal would result in greatly increasing the options of each educationally handicapped veteran to enroll in courses of colleges and vocational schools of his home community or those near his military base. This would increase the possibility of local classroom 12. PAGENO="0071" 3481 instruction (where he now is limited to correspondence courses of college-run studies or to group ~tudy sponsored by his military base). In concert with recommendations A-4 and A-5, this proposal would provide a financial basis for enrolling educationally handicapped veterans in colleges which develop special remedial courses and offer full-time enrollment after discharge. RECOMMENDATION NO. A-3 The Office of Education and the Veterans Administration jp~ntly work with_the malor organizations of universities, colleges and community colleges to develop the following~ ~yp~s of assistance to educationally deficient servicemen and veterans desiring_college enrollment: -- Prior to discharge, ~p~ovide clearing_house services giving information on college programs for disadvantaged students and put men in con tact with colleges of their choice; -- After discharge, facilitate contact with VA- certified colleges by providing referrals of veterans with their consent; -- Facilitate, in behalf of servicemen making com mitments to particular colleges in advance of discharge, the packaging of scholarship-loan GI Bill arrangements; -- Arrangements for entry into college soon after ~ischarge,_avoiding lengt)~y waits for application ~rocessing and beginning of the next school term. 13. PAGENO="0072" 3482 Testimony avai1able~ to the Committee indicates wide- spread support of the academic community for building~ better bridges for returning veterans into college, parti- cularly for veterans with educational deficiencies who need special help in the initial college years. This testimoney also indicates that a major problem is timely and effective communication between colleges and servicemen: -- Colleges are willing to help recruit if there can be worked out with the Government a mutually satis- factory referral system which protects the service- man's interests and is administratively feasible. -- Colleges can include veterans in their packaging of scholarship-loan-work study arrangements if they have a commitment from the student suffi- ciently in advance of his enrollment. -- Veterans coming out of service in mid-semester face long waits to be accepted and processed for the next school term. This waiting period can divert or discourage the educationally handicapped veteran who already may doubt his ability to qualify and succeed. 14. PAGENO="0073" 3483 In 1970, as a part of the Hope for Education project, Michigan State University is operating a national clearing house between colleges and servicemen, financed by a Talent Search grant of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Participation in this type of program by men in Vietnam can meet a genuine need. RECOMMENDATION NO. A-4 The Office of Education and the Veterans Administration jointly assist the educational community in developing ~pecial programs for educationally handicapped veterans. In approving grants under the ~pecial Services to_Disadvan taged Persons program, the Commissioner of Education should q~e priority to institutions which indicate that their programs will include significant numbers of student veterans with educational handicaps. Veterans with educational deficiencies need special help in making up the courses which are prerequisites to college and other training. The ability of the academic community to modify its curriculum and service is criti- cally important to effective use of GI Bill benefits for veterans. A recent survey by the Twentieth Century Fund has shown that 59% of some 400 colleges and universities surveyed had already established or were planning special education programs for `high risk" students. These programs included such elements as special recruiting, extra finan- cial aid, and special courses, special counseling, and 15. PAGENO="0074" 3484 reduced course load in the first year. Building upon this base, the Office of Education in flEW and the VA should develop a program of technical assistance to en- courage schools to set up remedial, restorative and related programs to serve veterans with educational deficiencies. The President has included in his 1971 budget $10 million in 1970 and $15 million in 1971 to finance a new program of Special Services for Disadvantaged students, authorized by the Higher Education Amendments of 1968. Under this program, students of deprived educational, cultural, or economic background or physically handicapped, can be given special services to initiate, continue, or resume their post-secondary education. An institution receiving a grant from the Office of Education under the program provides counselling, tutoring, summer programs, career guidance and placement, and other specialized services. In approving grants, the Commissioner of Education should give priority to institutions which indicate that their programs will include significant numbers of student veterans with educational handicaps. 16. PAGENO="0075" 3485 RECOMMENDATION NO. ~-5 Authorize GI Bill payment for individual tutorial assistance when the school certifies this is necessary to overcome educational deficiencies. The first year in post-secondary schooling is the most critical for the disadvantaged veteran. Colleges with experience in programs for disadvantaged students report attrition rates of 50% in the freshman year. The veteran with educational deficiencies must adjust his way of 1.ife to a competitive surrounding where other students have had a continuity as well as familiarity with the course material. Situations will arise where the veteran will need some personal, specialized tutoring to comprehend and master the material and to progress at the same rate as the average student. By providing this support, the veteran can be helped to achieve his goal and be prevented from dropping out of school. This proposal supplements any tutorial assistance pro- vided under recommendation A-4 which is limited to grantee. institutions under the Special Services to Disadvantaged Students program. 17. PAGENO="0076" 3486 B. Recommendations to Improve the Veteran's Access to Jobs and Job Traip~4~5~. RECOMMENDATION NO. B-i The president issue an executive order authorizj4~ a program of veterans readjustment appointments to posi tions in the Federal Civil Service. The Federal Government as an employer must lead the way in meeting the Nation's obligations to returning veterans. Federal agencies must do more to facilitate employment and concurrently provide developmental opportu- nities appropriate to veterans' needs, potential, and aspirations. Employment under a veterans readjustment appointment should be coupled with developmental activities tailored to the needs of the veteran and the agency in which he works. A new system is needed which permits Federal agencies to appoint Vietnam era veterans to entry level positions up to GS-5 without regard to Civil Service lists, provided the veteran completes a program of education or training. The Civil Service Commission should be authorized by executive order to prescribe regulations providing for the readjustment appointment system. 18. PAGENO="0077" 3487 RECOMNENDATION NO. B-2 Intensify recruiting activities at Military Sepa~~ tion Centers, Veterans Assistance Centers, and through, community action agency programs. Although personnel reductions are taking place in some agencies, normal turnover will continue to create many job vacancies. Eligible veterans can. and should be appointed to fill a high proportion of these vacancies under the veterans readjustment appointment program. All Federal agencies should make their job vacancies known to Military Separation Centers, U. S. Veterans Assistance Centers, and community action agencies. RECOMMENDATION NO. B-3 The Secretaries of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare, in cooperation with the Department of Defense, should `use MDTA Skill Centers near major Defense separatioll bases to furnish educational or vocational training to servicemen prior to release from active du~y~ 19. PAGENO="0078" 3488 At present, the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA), administered by the Departments of Labor and HEW, finances some sixty Skill Centers offering a wide variety of vocational training, together with counseling and job placement services. Several of the larger Skill Centers are located near major Defense separation centers in each quadrant of the United States. While veterans presently are eligible for MDTA train- ing after discharge, and before discharge in Project Transition, there has never been a concerted DoD/Labor/HEW effort to bring to educationally handicapped servicemen the diversity and specialized training resources of MDTA Skill Centers. Growing out of the need for skill training centers for servicemen discussed in this Committees interim report, the President already has included funds in the 1971 budget for expanding MDTA training of returning veterans. However, the following additional actions should be initiated. -- MDTA contracting institutions should be encouraged to expand and diversify course offerings; 20. PAGENO="0079" 3489 -- At least. 10,000 additional training slots for veterans with educational deficiencies should be provided; -- Defense should identify and where feasible route servicemen to the separation center nearest a Skill Center offering the voca- tional courses they desire. The system should attempt to assign servicemen to bases near their home to facilitate job placement. Where this is not possible, job placement will be accomplished by special arrangements among Skill Centers and offices of the U. S. Employment Service, using techni- ques found successful in other Federal manpower programs. RECOMNENDATION NO. E-4 The Department of Labor, in cooperation with the ~partmentof Defense and other affected agencies, provide linkage of key facilities for veterans job assistance with the Labor Dep~rtment's system of computerized job banks and thereby improve the matching of manpower needs with the skills of individual veterans who are seeking employment. 21. PAGENO="0080" 3490 Servicemen now returning to civilian life have skills and abilities that may be in demand by both govern- ment and private industry. A critical problem is the time required to match the trade or skills of the returning servicemen with the jobs available from private and government employers. To the extent that this process of job placement can be accelerated, the veteran avoids a non-productive, frustrating period of job search and need- less draw-down of unemployment compensation. The veteran with educational deficiencies is most likely to need assistance for job placement and to become discouraged by delays. At present, the typical returning veteran in need of job-finding assistance returns to his place of residence prior to service. Each of the 2,100 local offices of the Federal-State Employment Service receives notice of his discharge and each includes staff ready to accord him the veterans preference for employment assistance and other services authorized by law. Each veteran's options, how- ever, are limited by the amount and quality of job infor- mation available at the separation center and in his home community. 22. PAGENO="0081" 3491 The Employment Service is establishing a network of computerized Job Banks to upgrade information on job avail- ability by disseminating job information throughout each metropolitan area on a daily basis. In 1970, Job Banks will be activated in 56 cities, expanding to 81 cities by 1971. The interim report of this Committee contained several recommendations for computerized job bank and job matching services for servicemen and veterans. Based on these recommendations and on a $20 million increase in the 1971 budget for Job Bank and job matching activities, the Departments of Labor and Defense, with any necessary assis- tance from the Veterans Administration, should take steps to include the larger military separation centers, Skill Centers, USVAC's, and other key veterans contact points into the Job Bank system, to the extent permitted by system capacity, locations, and other feability factors. In 1971, it is estimated that local Job Bank services could be extended to veterans contact points near almost all 81 metropolitan areas. In addition, selected larger military separation centers could be used as focal points 23. 48-254 0 - 70 - 6 PAGENO="0082" 3492 for national Job Bank listings. In both cases, the Em- ployment Service should provide interviewing and placement services at regular intervals. The proposal also contem- plates that veteran job placement activities will take full advantage of automated job matching systems being tested in 14 States as these systems become operational. This proposal would have the effect of reinforcing improvements in veteran counselling and skill training in Recommendations Nos. B-3 and B-6. RECOMMENDATION NO. B-5 The Departments of Defense and Labor and the Veterans Administration should: (a) Conduct a survey to identify the major roadblocks to transferability of military skills to civilian J2~; (b) Develop a program for more fully utilizing service acquired skills in related civilian occupations; including work with ~private groups to adopt new certification procedures which will take military training into consideration. Many servicemen receive training and experience in military service which has potential value for civilian employment. These skills and talents often are not put to use because veterans cannot find related employment where they live. There is a lack of coordination between the military and the civilian economy as to the training these men receive, its pertinence to non-military employ- 24. PAGENO="0083" 3493 ment, and its general acceptability. Military experience is often not recognized for credit towards obtaining a license or degree and therefore the veteran pursues employment in other fields. In areas where military ex- perience is not fully accepted, refresher courses, credit for service experience, or revised standards could accom- modate the entrance of the skilled veteran into the particular field. We must tap this source of training to meet critical manpower shortages in the civilian economy. For instance, servicemen who served as "medics" in active service have a valuable knowledge and skill that should be tapped to meet the great need for medical technicians, aides, and related medical assistance jobs in civilian life. At present, the Departments of Defense and Labor and VA have initiated a joint survey of the job experience of men returning to depressed areas. These agencies have additional studies underway or planned on military job transferability which should be expedited. In addition, the agencies should cooperate to identify the major road- blocks to job transferability and develop a program for promoting a greater degree of transfer of military job skills, particularly for veterans with educational defi- ciencies. 25. PAGENO="0084" 3494 RECOMMENDATION NO. B-6 The Departments of Defense and Labor and the Veterans Administration develop a cooperative prpgram of civilian career counseling for servicemen with educational defi ciencies, s~pported by DoD test data and other current~~ levant data on the client and job and training~ ~pportuniti~~ This program should assure adequate coverage of overseas commands. Within the Department of Defense, Project Transition provides civilian job counseling and training to servicemen in 290 bases of the Army, Navy, and Air Force in the con- tinental United States. In the 18 months between program inception and June 30, 1969, 72,000 servicemen (about 5 percent of all separatees) were given training and 445,000 men received counseling. The program's strong points in- clude the concept of enlisting private industry and govern- ment agencies to conduct on-the-job training and providing an opportunity for men in the last six months of service to prepare for civilian employment. The Transition program needs to identify men with edu- cational deficiencies earlier in their military careers, to give them special priority for selection, to sponsor counsel- hug opportunities for those who spend their last months of service in overseas areas, and to improve the quality of counselling, including provision of current job data (see Recommendation B-4). 26. PAGENO="0085" 3495 VA regularly contacts over 310 military installations and 184 military hospitals, including seven locations in Vietnam. The VA representative primarily aims to acquaint servicemen with their VA benefits, largely through mass briefings. In the third quarter of 1969, VA briefings were reaching servicemen at an annualized rate of 600,000. VA also conducts personal interviews, running at an annualized rate of 85,000 in military hospitals and 96,000 on military bases. The Department of Labor outstations or makes avail- able a representative of the Veterans Employment Service to each large military separation center for briefing and counseling on veteran employment rights and job opportunities. At present, there is no system assuring VA and Labor interviews will successfully reach men with educational deficiencies, will be based upon current data on the client and job openings and available education and training pro- grams, and will supplement military counseling efforts with a minimum of gaps and duplication. The VA's experience 27. PAGENO="0086" 3496 with quick deployment of trained counsellors to Vietnam indicates the feasibility and desirability of devising a plan whereby trained counselor teams can be readied on a standby basis for dispatch to any overseas area needing such services. RECOMMENDATION NO. B-7 The Veterans Administration utilize existing GI Bill authority to develop additional on-the-job training and cooperative education programs in areas which would serve a public need and/or provide vocational outlets for veterans for whom institutional training is not suitable. This effort should be conducted in such a manner as to take maximum advantage of other related Government programs. The Department of Labor include returning disadvan taged veterans in the new Public Service Careers ~program. VA assistance for on-the-job training is directed pri- marily at helping to train veterans for occupations requiring special skills. Traditionally, such training has served to train veterans for jobs as bricklayers, carpenters, electri- cians, plumbers, machinists, mechanics, and repairmen. On-the job training is a method that lends itself to preparing trainees for work in the new technology industries, such as automation and data processing, jet-age transportation, and the repair and servicing of household appliances and business machines and equipment. 28. PAGENO="0087" 3497 With increasing demands for public services, a critical need has developed for specially trained per- sonnel. Programs have already been instituted to meet the need of municipalities for additional police and firemen. Other public service occupation groups in short supply include recreational personnel, health and medical technologists, teaching assistance and sanitation workers. In line with the recommendations of the interim report for developing public service careers for veterans, VA should take steps to expand OJT opportunities in these fields. In addition, VA should develop with the assistance of the Civil Service Commission, HEW, and Labor, some public service intern programs involving use of GI Bill authority for cooperative education payments. In several areas, e.g., social work training under the Social Security Act, there is authority to pay training stipends which can augment GI Bill allowances to constitute attractive, feasi- ble programs for educationally handicapped veterans. Another HEW program showing promise is~ the Career Opportunities Program authorized by the Education Professions Development Act (EPDA). The President's budget provides $25 million for this program in each of the years 1970 and 1971, in which 29. PAGENO="0088" 3498 40% is targeted to accommodate 8,000 veteran trainees. The program aims to attract new talent into careers in education, with added opportunities for on-the-job train- ing. The veterans component of this program is based upon favorable experience with a 1969 pilot program in which 200 Vietnam veteran trainees participated, most of them recruited from inner-city, low-income areas. Accordingly, it is important that VA work with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and State and local agencies in developing the new programs. The Department of Labor's Public Service Career program, launched in 197.0, is another Federal initiative which should be utilized for expanding opportunity for disadvantaged veterans. The 1971 budget contains $51 million for hiring and training 32,000 disadvantaged persons for regular posi- tions in Federal, State, and local governments. Priority in this program should be given to veterans. RECONMENDATION NO. B-8 The bar against the duplication of educational and training benefits be repealed. Section 1781 of Title 38, U. S. Code, bars the payment of Federal educational assistance when it would constitute 30. PAGENO="0089" 3499 a duplication of benefits. Through the years certain federally supported programs were not subject to this bar and concurrent entitlement existed. More recently pro- visions enacted in Public Law 90-574 and 90-575 specifi- cally exempted certain awards, loans and grants made to students from the non-duplication prohibition. Equivalent types of programs offered through some agencies continue to remain under the bar. The most significant area affected by the existing bar is Manpower and Training Assistance (MDTA) programs. The lifting of the bar would entitle veteran trainees to an MDTA stipend averaging $200 per month (varies by State) in addition to the GI Bill allowance, bringing his total training income to almost $400 monthly -- and more if he has dependents. This proposal likely.will serve as a strong inducement for veterans to enter vocational training under MDTA sponsorship. C. Recommendations_in Related_Readjustment Areas RECOMMENDATION NO. C-l Support minority entrepreneurship through a combina tion of Small Business Administration loans and cooperative GI Bill education. 31. PAGENO="0090" 3500 Most Vietnam veterans do not have the financial capa- city for starting or expanding a business of their own. The veteran requires knowledge, experience, money and business guidance to successfully operate a business. There is need for small business, locally owned and operated in areas where a concentration of disadvantaged or minority group veterans may be found. Of those who now attempt such enterprises,many fail because of lack of business training. Financial institutions require some training and exper- tise on the part of the borrower before lending money for business purposes, and consider this in determining the risk involved. Cooperative training programs can provide the veteran with the necessary experience to carry on the business functions, the managerial, bookkeeping and other needs. Under the Small Business Administration program the veteran who agrees to take GI Bill training in a related field would be qualified for a loan up to $25,000 for the purpose of 32. PAGENO="0091" 3501 initiating or expanding a business venture. Additionally, the SEA can provide business counseling and technical advice in operating the business, and give priority to those veterans loans. MMENDATION NO. C-2 VA loan guaranty underwriting of mobile home financing in order to promote an adequate supply of low cost housing~ for low and moderate income veterans. Cost of single family home and mortage financing have increased in recent years to the point that low and moderate income veterans are priced out of the housing market for all practical purposes. Some way must be found to enable these veterans to purchase suitable housing on terms that are within their payment ability. The mobile home represents an enormous potential in meeting the housing needs of many veterans with low to moderate incomes. The increasingly higher construction cost of convential homes is a principal factor in the sudden popularity of mobile homes. Manufacturers are able to pro- duce these homes at relatively low price. 33. PAGENO="0092" 3502 Existing provisions of the VA home loan guaranty law were designed to promote real estate mortgage loans to purchase conventional type housing and do not contemplate the purchase of mobile home structures on a chattel mortgage loan basis which is the customary type of loan made to individuals purchasing mobile homes. The 30 year, 100% real estate first mortgage GI loan vehicle is not a suitable mobile home financing vehicle. To induce lenders to make loans available to veterans on liberal terms for the purchase of mobile homes, a special type of loan guaranty or insurance underwriting vehicle should be designed which will be attractive to lenders in terms of investment return and loss exposure. At the same time, it is essential that the Government's exposure be limited to the minimum required in order to insure an adequate supply of mobile home financing for veterans in the low and moderate income brackets. 34. PAGENO="0093" 3503 DONALD E. JOH ON, Chairman Administrator of eterans Affairs GEORGE P. SHULTZ Secretary of Labor R BERTH. FINCH Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare ROBERT F. HAMPTON Chairman, Civil Service Commis sion ~ALDRUMSF Director, Office of Economic Opportunity WINTON M. BLOUNT Postmaster General, Post Office Department MELVIN R. LAIRD Secretary of Defense. PAGENO="0094" 3504 1;' DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DE PARTMEP4T OF DEFENSE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE VETERANS ADMINISTRATI ON POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT PAGENO="0095" 3E~05 One of the committee's approved recommendations (No. C-2) was for an amendment to the VA loan guarantee program to authorize the Veterans' Administration to underwrite mobile home financing in order to promote an adequate supply of low-cost housing for low and moderate income veterans. On April 1, 1970, we submitted to the Speaker of the House a draft bill to accomplish this and other recommendations of the committee. The draft bill was introduced as both H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 and referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. For simplicity, we will refer to these bills as the Administration bill. The Administration proposal regarding mobile homes and H.1R. 16710, which is before your subcommittee, parallel each other in most respects. There are, however, several significant differences which lead us to conclude that the Administration proposal represents a more desirable approach. For brevity, I will comment on some of the more important points of difference. Our report filed with the committee contains more de- tailed technical observations as to others. As you know, Mr. Chairman, "entitlement" is a technical term in the law. It refers to the amount of guarantee available for a loan in dollar terms. The Administration proposal provides mobile home loan entitlement to any veteran who has not previously used his home loan guarantee entitlement, and it would not require any charge against the veteran's home loan guarantee entitlement for future purchase of a conventional home. It would simply suspend the use of the latter until the mobile home loan is paid off. Although not entirely clear from the wording, it would appear that H.R. 16710 requires a charge to the veteran's conventional home loan guaranty entitlement. We prefer and recommend the Administration approach. Essentially both bills limit such loans to new mobile homes. There is, however, a degree of difference. The Administration bill would permit the financing of a used mobile home provided it is presently the security for a loan guaranteed by the VA or guaranteed or in- sured by another Federal agency. Although we anticipate that the percentage of such refinancing would be small, we think that it should be provided for in such cases. The Administration bill would limit guarantees to loans made by approved lenders, that is, lenders with conventional loan experience with mobile homes or who can show that they are qualified to originate and service such loans. Having no corresponding limitation, H.R. 16710 would permit any person or firm to obtain guaranty of a loan. The lender approval pro- vision of the Administration bill ties in with the provision that all such loans be submitted to the VA for approval prior to guarantee. H.R. 16710 would extend the automatic privilege presently enjoyed by certain classes of lenders to this new program. We believe the ab- sence of experience with this type of loan initially necessitates sub- mission of loans to the VA for prior approval, but we would not ob- ject to language which would authorize VA on a discretionary basis to permit lenders to process without prior approval when we determine such to be warranted. Our administration proposal provides for guaranty of 30 percent of the unpaid balance of the loan. This percentage was specified be- PAGENO="0096" 3506 cause it is the approximate equivalent protection which a lender mak- ing a conventional loan secures by requiring downpayment, which usually averages from 20 to 30 percent. Under H.R. 16710, however, no percentage of guaranty is specified and it would be necessary to apply t.he provisions in the existing law to determine the amount of guaranty. These are 50 percent, but not to exceed $2,000, in the case of a nonreal estate mobile home loan and, if the loan includes funds for acquisition of a site, 50 percent, but not to exceed $4,000, for that portion. We do not believe that a guaranty of this type would be acceptable to lenders from a risk standpoint. Hence, we recommend that the provisions in the administration bill be adopted. Unlike H.R. 16710, the administration~ proposal contemplates that lenders will have liquidation responsibility and that VA will not ac- cept a transfer of title to the mobile home security as it does in the case of conventional dwellings. The administration proposal contemplates a departure from the concept embodied in existing law (and in H.R.. 16710) of determining the reasonable value of the conventional type home as a means of arriving at a maximum permissible loan. Under the administration ap- proach, we would establish a maximum loan amount for a mobile home based upon the manufacturer's invoice cost to the dealer from whom the veteran purchased it. We contemplate a maximum loan amount of not to exceed such in- voice cost plus a specific percentage to cover miscellaneous costs, such as setup costs, transportation, and sales tax. We believe that a 15-percent factor would have the effect of reduc- ing the average downpayment to about 10 percent of the cost to the veteran. This contrasts with downpayments of 20 to 30 percent cus- tomarily required in conventional financing of new mobile homes. This invoice cost method of arriving at maximum loan amount is similar to the formula used by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and by the FHA in its title I program. If, as experience is accumulated, we find it necessary to revise the amount of downpayment upward or downward, the percentage portion of Our proposed formula can be adjusted accordingly. We propose a maximum loan maturity of 12 years and 32 days, the same as the FHA title I program. H.R. 16710 proposes 15 years. Conventional loans on mobile homes run 7 to 10 years. All studies lead us to believe that 15 years is more than necessary for a nonreal estate mobile home loan and that monthly payments will work out at reason- ably low amounts within the 12-year limitation. We consider that there would be justification for the 15 year maturity of H.R. 16710 where site acquisition is also involved. The portion of the loan to secure a lot could be amortized on a 15-year basis while the mobile home portion of the loan would be limited to a 12-year amortization. It appears that the maximum loan limits of the two bills are essen- tiafly the same. There are, however, some minor differences. The administration bill allows a degree of flexibility to permit the loan holder to make advances of funds to protect the loan security. H.R. 16710 would pei~mit an increase in the maximum in those instances PAGENO="0097" ~35O7 involving site acquisition by an amount determined by the VA to be necessary to cover the cost of site preparation. The administration proposal contains no corresponding provision. After careful con- sideration, we believe both the advance provision and the allowance for site preparation expense merit adoption. H.R. 16710 requires the veteran to make a downpayment in an amount determined by the administrator to be reasonable, but not exceeding 10 percent of the purchase price. The Congress has not, heretofore, required a downpayment in the GI loan program. There is no such provision in the administration proposal which we prefer. Our proposal specifically makes applicable to mobile home loans the existing requirement applicable to other home loans that the veteran certify he will occupy the property as his home. H.1R. 16710 has no comparable provision. Its inclusion would remove any doubt as to the necessity for the occupancy certification. H.R. 16710 also provides the mobile home be "so used at a fixed location." If the quoted phrase is intended to mean that the mobile home cannot be moved from its first location, it provokes a question as to the consequences of removal of the mobile home from the approved site. The language is not contained in the administration bill and we would prefer that no such provision be included in the legislation. The administration bill proposes to set the maximum interest rate by regulation. In the absence of a comparable provision in H.R. 16710 the present maximum rate of 8% percent applicable to all guaranteed loans would apply. A guaranty-type program must attract the partici- pation of the private sector in order to provide the intended benefit to veterans. At this point, we do not know what rate it will take to induce lender participation. Because of the uncertainties in this area and the need for flexibility, we believe the better course is, as the administration has proposed, to confer on VA authority to set the maximum by regulation. We propose, of course, to keep the maximum as low as possible and still secure lender participation. The administration bill would permit restoration of entitlement to mobile home loan benefits upon repayment in full of any previous mobile home guaranteed loan to the veteran. It is not required that the mobile home securing such loan be disposed of or that it be dis- posed of for a compelling reason. Having in mind that the mobile home may be a temporary or in- terim housing arrangement for the young veteran who may later wish to use his entitlement to acquire a conventional home, the purpose of this provision is to facilitate his doing so. There is no corresponding provision in H.R. 16710. We believe that there should be included a regulatory authority and a future effective date, as appears in our proposal. We recommend 90 days. In view of the novelty of the program, the need for extensive regulatory changes and indoctrination of field personnel, such lead- time is required to properly organize and launch the program. Pending the accumulation of adequate experience with the guaranty of mobile home loans, we believe it desirable and recommend a ter- minal date for the entire program, as provided in the administration 48-254 O-70---7 PAGENO="0098" 3508 bill. We consider a 3-year period will provide an adequate basis upon which to determine the need for changes in the program or for its continuance. H.R. 16710 would include direct loans in the mobile home program. Our proposal intentionally omits provision for direct loans. If the yield and risk provisions under the guaranty program are made ac- ceptable to lenders, there should be no need for a direct loan program. Retail dealers customarily have a line of financing available to their buyers. Hence, if there is a dealer, there is financing. We would recom- mend that a direct loan program not be authorized until a need for it is demonstrated. Mr. Chairman, our comparison of these two bills leads me to believe that the mobile home program could best be accomplished through enactment of the administration proposaL H.R. 16761 or H.R. 16762, modified as suggested, rather than 11.11. 16710. Mr. Chairman, I would like to discuss the proposals to remove the delimiting dates and discontinue the phasing-out of veterans eligibil- ity for loan guaranty benefits. On April 16, 1970, the administrator submitted to the Speaker of the House a draft proposal to remove the time limitation on the dura- tion of eligibility of veterans for guaranteed and direct loans, with a request that it be considered for enactment. On April 23, 1970, it was introduced as H.R. 17181 and referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. The provisions of H.R. 17181 and H.R. 16710 are somewhat comparable. There are, however, some differences, two of which I will mention. H.R. 17181 would revive the entitlement of World War II and Korean conflict veterans which was not used and which has expired, while H.R. 16710 would extend indefinitely only that loan guaranty entitlement which has not expired on the effective date of the enact- ment of the bill. All World War II entitlement expires July 25, 1970, unless ex- tended. Therefore, if enactment does not occur until after July 25, 1970, H.R. 16710 will be inoperative to extend any World War II veteran's entitlement. We do not `believe that this result is intended. We favor reviving the entitlement which has not been used, as pro- vided for in the administration bill, H.R. 17181. There are also some technical defects in H.R. 16710 which we have pointed out in our report on the bill to the committee. H.R. 17181 seeks to avoid these defects. Elimination of the delimiting dates on eligibilty for the GI loan program would be in line with the eligibility criteria for the FRA veterans loan program for which no terminal date is specified. Such a change would also simplify the administration of the VA loan programs. Further, veterans could adjust the timing of their home purchases and mortgage credit needs to coincide with favorable private market conditions, when sellers and lenders are willing to participate in the loan guaranty program. No veteran would be denied use of his entitlement because it had expired at a time when guaranteed loans were unavailable. We favor removal of the delimiting dates and feel this can best be accomplished through enactment of H.H. 17181. PAGENO="0099" 3509 H.R. 16710 proposes to eliminate the funding fee requirement for post-Korean conflict veterans. The administration bill contains no such provision. We do not favor the elimination of the fee which is designed tO absorb in part the cost of the program. Mr. Chairman, I shall now comment on those provisions of H.R. 16710 which are not i~icluded in the administration proposal. H.R. 16710 would amend chapter 37 of title 38 to require the ad- ministrator to pay to the lender on behalf of the veteran recipient of a guaranteed loan the closing costs for the loan, or a sum to be applied toward closing costs equal to 1 percent of the amount of the loan, which- ever is smaller. Similar provisions are also made for a subsidy to veterans obtaining VA direct loans. We note that the Report of the Commission on Mortgage Interest Rates of August, 1969, recommends that VA and FHA undertake a joint study of closing dosts for submission to the Congress, together with recommendations for reducing and standardizing such costs. Such a study is provided for in the Senate-passed Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970 (5. 3685) and `was retained in the House-passed version of that bill. Increases in closing costs during recent years clearly have added substantially to the cost of acquiring a home. The Commission recog- nized, however, that institutional practices in different States and localities are the primary determinant of many of the charges made at a mortgage closing. Also, charges for such things as title insurance, attorney fees, property surveys, and the like vary considerably across the country. In addition, they also vary with the amount of the loan or purchase price involved. We believe that consideration of a closing cost subsidy payment is premature at this time and that the preferable course is to defer consideration of su~h a proposal until a joint HUD-VA closing cost study is completed. H.R. 16710 would also require the administrator to pay to the lender an interest subsidy of 1 percent for 36 months on behalf of the veteran. In case of direct loans, there would be comparable reduction in the payment of interest by the veteran for the same period of time. Enactment of the interest subsidy provisions would result in payment of larger sums to those who have the least need. For example, we are currently guaranteeing loans for the purchase of homes as high as $50,000. We believe that any interest subsidy should be related to the income of the family and restricted to assisting only those acquiring a modest-type dwelling. In respect to the interest subsidy proposal in H.R. 16710, attention is invited to the provisions of title V of S. 3685 passed by the Senate recently, which provided for home mortgage assistance for middle- income families. Under title V, the Department of Housing and Urban Development would pay to the Federal National Mortgage Association or to a new Agency, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp., a mortgage assistance subsidy payment and thereby reduce the effective interest rate cost to eligible borrowers to 7 percent. S. 3685 was amended by the House to eliminate title V and is scheduled to go to conference. We favor the retention of title V rather PAGENO="0100" 3510 than a special subsidy program applicable only to the VA, as proposed inH.R. 16710. We hope that the provisions of title V of S. 3685 are extended to provide the same assistance to venterans obtaining financial loan assistance under chapter 37, title 38, as would be obtained by individ- uals purchasing homes with FHIA insured financing. This would provide a more uniform and equitable method of assisting all of our citizens in acquiring homes who desire to do so, regardless of the type of Federally-assisted loan they may obtain. We understand that an amendment to accomplish this result will be discussed by the conferees when Title V is considered for conference. Mr. Chairman, to sum up our position, we favor legislation regard- ing mobile homes and removal of the delimiting dates, but we do not favor providing a closing cost subsidy at this time. We also favor a loan interest subsidy, but prefer that this be accomplished through an amendment to title V in the Senate-passed version of 5. 3685, rather than the approach proposed in H.R. 16710. It is our feeling that such an amendment coupled with the provision in the administration bills, H.R. 16761 or H.R.. 16762 and }LR. 17181, will best serve to inaugurate these desirable changes and additions to our program. We urge their favorable consideration by your sub- committee. In clearing our report on }LR.. 16710, the Office of Manage- ment and Budget advised that enactment of H.R. 16762 and H.R. 17181 would be in accord with the program of the President. Mr. Chairman, this concludes my statement. Thank you again for the opportunity to express our views on the legislative proposals under consideration today. We will now endeavor to answer any questions with respect to these proposals. STAFF DIRECTOR. First, on mobile homes, Mr. Owen, can you state the administration position and then the difference between the bills and the administration position? Mr. OwEN. On the mobile homes proposed legislation, the admin- istration does support this type of legislation. There are some technical differences in the approach to the financing of the mobile home purchase. STAFF DIRECTOR. On the delimiting dates, the position of the administration? Mr. OwEN. The administration does support removal of delimiting dates for the use of loan entitlement by World War II, Korean, and other eligible veterans. The primary difference is that the administration bill would restore entitlement to those veterans who have not used but who have lost entitlement through the now effective phaseout formula. The other bill would perhaps not restore expired unused entitlement. This is th~ primary difference. We recommend that expired eititlement be restored. Of course, we do not propose that entitlement be restored to those who have used their entitlement. STAFF DIRECTOR. On the closing cost subsidy, in general it would subsidize about $200, typically, of the veteran's closing cost. What is the position of the administration on that? PAGENO="0101" 3511 Mr. OWEN. The position of the administration is that this matter be deferred pending a study which would be under way on the basis of legislation now pending in conference between the House and Senate. STAFF DIRECTOR. You referred to the so-called moderate income family provision? Mr. OWEN. That is right. I refer to 5. 3685. STAFF DIRECTOR. Is that the same position on the interest rate sub- sidy you propose, also? Mr. OWEN. Yes, sir. Actually, we prefer the approach .taken in title V of S. 3685 as passed by the Senate. STAFF DIRECTOR. One thing you did not mention in the summary- the proposal to make direct loans to veterans who receive the $12,500 specially adapted housing grant. As I understand it, that is an administration proposal? Mr. OWEN. That is correct. STAFF DIRECTOR. In summary, Mr. Chairman, the administration favors the mobile home financing bill with some technical approach differences. They favor removing the delimiting dates completely so that any veteran who did not use his eligibility would have his eligibility with- out limitation. They propose to defer any action on the proposal for the closing cost subsidy or interest rate subsidy pending solution of similar issues in conference at the present time in the Banking and Currency Committee. Mr. OWEN. Mr. Chairman and Mr. Meadows, on the proposal for direct loan financing for mobile homes, our position is that we see no need for it. Mr. ROYBAL. Is there a difference in down payment between the administration bill and the bill before us? Mr. OWEN. As to mobile homes? Mr. ROYBAL. As to mobile homes. Mr. OWEN. Our approach is that we would guarantee up to 30 per- cent of the loan to the veteran. The basic factor in determining the maximum permissible loan would be the manufacturers invoice price to the mobile home dealer. As to the other bill, H.R. 16710, we interpret the wording of the bill as leaving open to the amount of down payment which would be required. Mr. DERvAN. If I may add to Mr. Owen's remarks. Under the administration proposal, a modest down payment would be required because the maximum loan amount would be based on the manufacturer's invoice price plus a percentage allowance to take care of transportation and other costs. We visualize that the maximum loan which would be derived under the administration proposal would entail a down payment of ap- proximately 10 percent. As I remember the contents of the chairman's bill, it states that the veteran must be able to make a down payment but not to exceed 10 percent of the purchase price. The basis for determining the maximum permissible loan amount would be the reasonable value of the property PAGENO="0102" 3512 which presumably would be the retail price-this is essentially the difference between two bills. Mr. EDWARDS. How long would the loan be? Mr. OWEN. In the administration bill, we would propose the loan be for 12 years and 32 days. Mr. Dervan, can you speak as to the House Veterans' Affairs bill as to a term? Mr. DERVAN. I would add to Mr. Owen's remarks by pointing out that the 12-year-32-day maturity in the administration bill is the ma- turity which the Congress has already approved for mobile home financing under the FHA title I program. It is also approximately the same as the maturity which has been approved for new mobile homes financed by Federal savings and loan associations under the jurisdiction of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. If I recall correctly, the maximum permissible maturity in the chairman's bill is 15 years. Mr. EDWARDS. Is that a chattel mortgage? Mr. DERVAN. That is correct. Mr. EDWARDS. The vetera.n does not get the land under the mobile home set-up? Mr. OWEN. It would be possible for him to purchase land and this would be included in the mortgage. Mr. EDWARDS. Most of your mortgages would be chattel mortgages? Mr. OWEN. That is correct. Mr. EDWARDS. What precent.age do you anticipate would be land mortgage? Mr. OWEN. We would anticipate that the majority or most of the loans would be chattel mortgages As I understand it, the purchase price of the mobile home site also could be included in the loan if the veteran qualifies from an income standpoint and desires to purchase rather than rent a site. Mr. KERBY. Mr. Edwards, we feel a large number of these will be straight chattel mortgages on just the mobile homes themselves. Where there is a site acquistion involved, we would also take a lien against the land as we do on any real estate. Mr. EDWARDS. What would they look like after 12 years? Mr. DERVAN. Mr. Edwards, the economic life of mobile homes is a matter on which I have personally found not unanimity of opinion. The range of economic life attributed to mobile homes is considerable. I did notice, however, that in the President's Second Annual Report on National Housing Goals there was a paragraph or two devoted to the economic life of mObile homes which indicated that mobile homes currently being constructed appear to have an economic life of about 14 years. I would expect the manufacturers of mobile homes will maintain, and perhaps rightly so, that the life expectancy is longer. Nonetheless, by and large, the people in the business of making con- ventional loans generally place a maturity of from 8 to 10 years on the loans they make. Congress presumably felt that 12 years, which it authorized for FHA-insured loans would be adequate. PAGENO="0103" 3513 On that basis we selected the 12 years which Congress already had selected. The bill of the chairman, as I indicated, provides for a maturity up to 15 years. I believe Mr. Owen would endorse my observation that certainly when there is a lot purchase involved in connection with the purchase of a mobile home that a 15-year maturity would be helpful. Mr. EDWARDS. Do you not have studies on what the re$ale value of a mobile home is after 5,6, or 7 years? Mr. DERVAN. Yes. Depreciation is considerable. I am sure, as you are aware, Mr. Edwards, that mobile home financing largely resembles automobile financing. The depreciation is rather substantial in the initial years of the loan. Mr. EDWARDS. That is all, Mr. Chairman. Thank you. Mr.. BARING. Are there further questions? Mr. DUNCAN. I have no questions. Mr. BARING. Thank you very much, Mr. Owen. The next witness will be the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Associa- tion `and the Trailer Coach Associ'ation-~Mr. John M. Martin, manag- ing director, Mobile Home Manufacturers Association. STATEMENT OP JOHN M. MARTIN, MANA(HNG DIRECTOR, MOBILE B~OMES MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Mr. MARTIN. Good morning, Mr. Chairman and members of the the committee. My name is John M. Martin. I am managing director of the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association. I am also appearing on behalf of the Trailer Coach Association of California. We have a prepared statement which we would like to submit for the committee's consideration. If this is done, we will comment on some highlights we noticed during the questioning period. Mr. BARING. Without objection, it is so ordered. (`The statement follows:) Mr. name is John M. Martin and I am Managing Director of the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, 1800 North Kent Street, Arlington, Virginia. I am also appearing on behalf of `the Trailer Coach Association, 3855 East LaPalma Avenue, Anaheim, California. Both Associations support H.R. 16710 as introduced by Chairman Teague of Texas. Jointly, the two associations represent manu- facturers who build approximately 75 percent of the Nation's mobile homes. We support `this legislation because we feel that the veteran who prefers mo- bile home living should have the same access to the Veterans Administration loan guaranty which the site-built, home buying veteran has. At this particular point in time, it is even more inmportant that the veteran has this `choice. The Vietnam conflict has necessitated an incrbase in the number of veterans. Many of these young men have gone abroad to fight for their country only to return to find that after two or three years of service they have been priced out of the housing market. `They deserve a better `deal than this. This committee, with the subsequent assistance of the Congress, can help these vet- erans avail themselves `of new, quality-built housing. The Chairman and the Committee are to be congratulated for their foresight in holding these hearings. There has been much and frequent discussion about the severe housing shortage which would result from a sudden influx of veterans at the close of the Vietnam conflict. By providing the Veterans Administration with authority to insure as well as make direct mobile home loans at this junc- ture, you could be helping to avert a disastrous situation in the future. In addition, there is certainly a case to be made for granting the authority in view of the curren't status of the housing industry. Another significant feature of PAGENO="0104" 3514 this legislation is the provision to permit a loan guaranty- on the land under the home. This will of course, permit the veteran to build an equity rather than pay a monthly rental for park space. While we of the mobile home industry are deeply pleased that the proposed legislation has been introduced, we would like to point out that it does not take cognizance of some of the more recent technological and land development inno- vations within the industry. In particular, the loan guaranty limitations are in- sufficient to cover the typical "double-wide" mobile homes. Last year, some 36,000 double-wide homes were sold. These represented nine percent of the industry's total production. There is a wide choice of floor plans and price ranges. A 20' x 43' two bedroom models containing 860 square feet can retail for $7,500, while a 43' x 60' three bedroom model having 1,400 square feet might retail for as much as $21,000. On the average, these double-unit homes are approximately 24' x 50', contain some 1,200 square feet of space and retail for around $12,000. If it would please the Chairman, I would like to submit for Committee reference a copy of the Mobile Home and Recreational Vehicle DEALER 14th Annual Directory which profiles the home sizes and pricing spectrum. It is our feeling that by increasing the guaranty limitation to $12,500 or giving the Administrator the discretion to approve up -to a 25 percent increase in the case of the double-wide unit, the hous- ing needs of our veterans could be better served. A 15-year maturity period would facilitate the financing of this type of home. We would recommend that these units be built to the American National Stand- ards Institute Standard A119.1 and that they be sited in a location which is acceptable to the Administrator. The Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association and the Trailer Coach Associa- tion are co-sponsors, along with the National Fire Protection Association, of the ANSI A119.1. This standard covers plumbing, heating, electrical and structural equipment and installations in mobile homes. The standard has been adopted as a State code in several States and compliance is a condition of membership in my organization. NFPA and ANSI are widely recognized by State and local enforcement officials, and probably one of the most respected standards of these two organizations is the National Electrical Code. Electrical provisions for mobile homes. are included in the NEC. These mobile home standards were developed by a broad Committee of ANSI. Other groups represented, for example, were the National Association of Home Builders, Public Health Service, HUD, National Bureau of Standards, Building Officials Conference of America, Underwriters Laboratories, American Gas As- sociation, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, and many other profesional and trade organizations. We would strongly recommend that ANSI standard A119.1 be a requirement for mobile homes to be covered under the provisions of H.R. 16710. Copies of the standard will be given to the committee and the Veterans Administration staff. Another area of concern is the $3,000 site cost limitation for mobile home sites. While the proposed legislation provides for the inclusion of site improve- ments, the experience of our industry has been that in most areas an improved lot costs at least $4,000. On the other hand, siting the home on an individual lot outside of a community environment might be a little more expensive. However, a growing trend within the industry is to sell the mobile home owner a developed lot within a subdivision which is restricted to mobile homes, double-wides, or modular units. This creates a sense of community and gives the homeowner a planned environment w-ith desirable cultural amenities. We sincerely believe that this committee, the Con- gress and the Veterans Administration favor this type of planned growth for the manufactured housing industry. Our industry respectfuily suggests that the site cost limitation be increased to $5,000. We have consulted with land developers w-ithin our industry, as well as our own land development division, and find these figures to be realistic. De- velopment costs vary from $2,500 to $3,000 per lot when done on a volume basis within a planned community. Effected on an individual basis, these improvements would probably be more costly. In support of this recommendation, Mr. Chair- man, we would like your permission to include as a part of the record data substantiating these figures. Another and highly commendable aspect of HR. 16710 is the direct loan pro- vision. While we understand that this authority is only applicable in rural areas where veterans are unable to find financing through alternative sources, it is, nonetheless, quite significant in terms of the proposed program. PAGENO="0105" 3515 Conventional housing is extremely difficult to deliver at a reasonable cost in these areas. On the other hand, the mobile home industry has the unique capacity to serve these areas and make housing available to deserving veterans. One vet- eran in five lives in the areas designated for direct loan authority. To overlook them and deny them the opportunity to participate in the direct loan program Would b~ grossly unfair. Further, they have the same right to purchase a mobile home under this pro- gram as they do to purchase a more expensive site-built home. Contrary to the belief of some, all mobile home dealers do not have a guaran- teed line of financing readily available to them. This can be best demonstrated by quoting directly from the comments of dealers featured in Mobile home and Recreational Vehicle DEALER Magazine. `These remarks are carried in a regular monthly columii titled "Dealer Com- ments on Current Business." With the Chairman's permission, we would like to have some of these included in the record. Mr. Chairman, this concludes my prepared testimony. I would be pleased to try `to answer any questions which the committee might have at this time. Mr. MARTIN. Enclosed with the statement are some other studies and information provided for background information. (The information referred to follows:) INTERTIIERM INC. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, May 4, 1970. MR. RON JONES, Mobile Home Mannfacturers Association, Arlington, Va. To Whom It May Concern: The Community Development Division of Intertherm Inc. has in the process some 100 mobile home parks throughout the United States. We are finding that the average cost, per lot for developing a good modern home park, is $2700/space including the land cost. The average cost for land on a per lot basis is averaging $500/space. For mobile homes to be placed on private lots, the development costs run considerably more. These costs for including a septic system, a well, pump, storage tank and necessary piping, a foundation for the home itself which should extend below the frost line in deep freeze areas, a patio and parking runners also should be provided, and it appears to me that a driveway is a necessity. In addition, it would be necessary to bring in the electric services from the meter to the home. It appears to us that the total cost to be placed on a mobile home on a private lot, including the land, should run between $3500 and $4000 for the bare minimum requirements. Sincerely, REX Cox. TYPICAL COST PROJECTIONS FOR MoBILE Roman PARKS The following cost projections include both capital cost projections and operat- ing cost projections. Our capital cost projections are based upon: Land values of $3,000 and $5,000 per acre; Development densities at 5, 7 and 9 lots per acre; Mortgage financing at a rate of 9% per annum; Valuation "gross multipliers" at 7, 7.5 and 8 times gross income. Our operating costs are also based upon approximated conditions: 250 lots on 35.7 acres; $50/month rental rate; 100% occupancy rate. Excerpts from Formula for Financing-Mobile Housing Developments by N. G. Asbury. PAGENO="0106" 3516 CAPITAL COSTS/CONSTRUCTION COSTS At a cost of $3,000 per acre At a cost of $5,000 per acre, 9 spaces per acre 5 spaces per acre 7 spaces per acre 9 spaces per acre Cost 100 Cost 140 Cost 180 Cost 180 per Item space homes total per homes space total per space homes total per homes space total San-storm sewer $300 $30, 000 $280 $39, 200 $260 $46, 800 $260 $46, 800 Water distribution system 500 30, 000 280 39, 200 260 46, 800 260 46, 800 Grading 100 10,000 100 14,000 100 18,000 100 18,000 Street, drive and sidewalks 700 70, 000 680 95, 200 660 118, 800 660 118, 000 Other paving 200 20, 000 190 26, 600 180 32, 400 180 32, 000 Electrical system 250 25, 000 240 33, 600 230 41, 400 230 41, 400 Gas system 100 10, 000 90 12, 600 80 14,400 80 14, 400 Landscaping 150 15, 000 140 19, 600 130 23, 400 130 23, 400 Building construction 300 30, 000 280 39, 200 260 46, 800 260 46,800 Miscellaneous 100 10, 000 90 12, 600 80 14,400 80 14, 400 Total: Per space 2,500 2,370 2,240 2,240 Per park 250,000 331,800 403,200 403,200 Land 600 60,000 430 60,000 333 60,000 555 100,000 Grand total 3,100 310,000 2,800 391,800 2,573 463,200 2,795 503,200 [From Dealer Comments, February 19701 Washington-Wintertime! Enough said. Arizona-We have no housing in our area. Business is good because of hous- ing shortage. However, many new "wheelers" and dealers are moving into an already overcrowded dealer city-35 dealers in 350,000 population is just too many for a good profit on investment. Colorado-Tight money and increased interest rates along with higher living expenses are already taking a toll on the construction and auto industries. After 10 years in this business, we look for an increase in unemployment with a certain decrease in retail RY sales during 1970. Montana: High cost and taxes on conventional housing is making prospects good. New Mexico-Three months ago we had five dealers; now we have eleven. Utah-People are short on down payments and the weather is real cold. Wyoming-Prospects for business are fair because of some construction and new oil discovery. Business for 1970 should hold as good as `69 in this area. Delaware-Mixed feelings explain our outlook for 1970. Much housing is needed but will demand for mobile homes go counter to other businesses, which are expected to recede somewhat? Maryland-Prospects are good even with winter weather and bad zoning prospects. We, in Harford County, have organized and formed the Harford County Mobile Home Association-dealers, park operators, private mobile home owners. We had a mass rally January 7, 1970. We have 250 members and are shooting for 1000. Mobile homes are now permitted on private property. A new zoning proposal will eliminate all parking on private property. We are going to shake this county up! Florida-Used trailer sales down, inventories up. North Carolina-Retail business in the Southeast picks up right after Christ- mas. True, most of our bad weather comes in 3anuary-February, but this weather also brings us the apartment dweller who is out loOking for a warm home of his own. An upsurge of building of modern parks in the Southeast has brought new life into the retail sales in certain areas. Whether these parks, in some cases, will be closed parks (ones where they sell only in parks) or not remains to be seen. If this is the case and outside dealers can not sell in these parks, then business will not be helped by these parks. (Of course, it will help those building parks). Same old story "modern parks sell modern homes." South Carolina-This has been the worst December in four years. We had slow lot traffic. We had more credit-turn-downs than usual, although finance com- panies are not any stricter-just poorer credit risks hoping to buy. Virginia-Sales for December, 1009, were lower than any other month of 1969. Michigan-Whenever the building of homes falls off, the sale of RYs seems to increase, and building is down everywhere. Even though sales were higher for PAGENO="0107" 351~7 1969 over 1968, profits were down. One reason for this is we had several new dealerships that work on the small profit margin. Also, the buyer is spending more time and doing a lot more shopping around. Nevertheless, we are looking for- ward to the 1970 season with great hopes. Ohio-Business in general is fair. Traffic is down. Wisconsin-Money seems to be the problem. Minnesota-Winter slow-down is here. Business starts picking up in March. We look for a good year in 1970. Even stronger than 1969. We are carrying a much larger inventory than usual, which will give us a good start when business opens up in March. 14 wides will be coming to the front in sales this year. Missouri-Winter! Nebraska-We are hopeful. Prospects from last three months are "waiting until after first of year." California-We have no parks. For the first time in years our customers are feeling a money pinch. South Dakota-We expect things to be a little slow for the next two months, which is normal for this time of year anyway. [From Dea~ler Comments, March 19701 Missouri-No park spaces. Nebraska-We have to say prospects are "fair" instead of "excellent." It has to be this way because of the psychological effect of "tight money.' We don't have a "tight money" situation! Our interest rates have not gone up! We happen to be in a state with an interest rate ceiling. But we do have too many prospects "going to wait and see !" Cautious! South Dakota-Down payments are getting hard to come by, and high interest does slow things down. Texas-In the south Texas area for January, our lot traffic increased by about 30%; but more important is the fact that the majority of "lookers" were actually shopping for a mobile home. The most significant thing was that these prospects ~rere shopping for the best price available, not for the best construction, interiors, furnishings, etc., nor the lowest down payment. This attitude of the buyer, we feel, reflects the tightness of our economy; however, it still goes to show that there are many people who are willing to buy with less of the items they want than to keep paying rent for an apartment or house. Illinois-We have a housing shortage. Michigan-Traffic on our lot is increasing; caliber of prospects is good; we have no park shortage and financing is good. While 1961 was 70% better than 1968 for us, it `appears that 1970 will also increase over 1969. We did not suffer one repossession in 1969, and lost only one deal for credit reasons. Our average retail price of sold units was ~8,460 (`before taxes) for 1969. One third of the profit was made on the, trade-in sale. Minnesota-No parking space. Wisconsin-We have a new park, and we are filling it rapidly. Money is our biggest problem at the present time. People have the minimum down payments, but the banks are asking for the minimum down payment plus our 4% Wis- consin sales tax. The banks also are very hesitant to do any ten year financing on high cost units. Maryland-The new zoning proposal has people scared. It will ban mobile homes from private property that has ujo park space. We are fighting to keep mobile homes on private property. Every time a dealer hears and agrees with the phrase "mobile homes belong in parks," he is a damn fool if he pays an entrance fee in a park. If things continue the way they are at present, there will be no more dealers-just park operators selling homes to put in their park. Arizona-We have a housing shortage, which has caused an influx of "wheeler- dealers" renting lots by the month. They will stay till the rush is over, per usual, and leave a bad taste in some people's mouth for all: The dealers, manufacturers, and publishers! California-Good lot traffic. There is a shortage of houses and customers have an easier time selling their house and can buy a mobile home. We have an abun- dance of park spaces in our area and this is a great sales aid. The Cow Palace Show in San Francisco-March 4-8-will stimulate `business for the next four months. Outlook is bright if money loosens. Ohio-Snow! Delaware-We have a lack of mobile home parks. We can build 40 new spaces in 1970, so we are sure of 40 new sales. PAGENO="0108" 3518 Florida-Our sales of used units are down. North Carolina-Prospects are poor since we have bad weather, a shortage of money and bad credit arrangements. South Carolina-Traffic is slow. Wisconsin-Tight money. Maryland-We need parks badly. It would be a very good year for sales if park- ing spaces were available. California-We expect the biggest year we have ever had, based on our Decem- ber, `69 and January, `70 sales. Virginia-We have a shortage of homes. West Virginia-Weather is improving and there is a housing shortage to make prospects look good. We still handle. quality merchandise and were pleased to find, at the Louisville Show, that the manufacturers we represent are still build- ing with quality. Service is still important as far as we are concerned, especially to those living in a mobile home for the first time. Colorado-Tight money, housing shortage and good park situation should make this a banner year. Montana-Even with a depressed lumber market and high interest, 1970 looks good. We expect as good a year as 1969-or better. Utah-Shortage of money. Wyoming-Business was exceptionally slow due to cold weather. High interest rates and tight money may make business slow until late spring. Oil fields are active; there is some road construction and it generally picks up in spring of the year. We have no park spaces in nice parks. California-Prospects are excellent with continued conventional acceptance, continued conventional housing shortages and excellent park space availabilities. We do have high interest rates, however. Tennessee-Tight money. Oregon-Oregon is lumber countr~y. Construction and building are down. We had an excellent January, but it was more or less pure luck. I believe 1970 will be a quiet year. New Jersey-Things have picked up after a poor December. pennsylvania-Winter is still with us, and we made no sales in January, 1970. Connecticut-There are fewer spaces available, more competition cutting "into the pie" and the inflationary squeeze. January was a good month despite these problems and the very wintery weather. Maine-Winter is here; but there is a surprising amount of lot traffic for this time of year, and sales have been good. We look for an excellent year if we can find the space to take care of our homes and the interest rates are reduced. Minnesota-We do not have enough lot traffic to justify optimism. Tight money is having its psychological effects. We are not yet in the mobile home business, but thinking of it. Our banker wants us to get into it. Sounds silly, doesn't it. Michigan-Area income is very high, and lot traffic is good for this time of the year. Many people who put off buying last summer will be feeling the prc-s- sure to buy now. All the plus factors are present for a good first quarter, and we expect a very good sales performance. But sales for our industry are going to be affected a great deal in the first part of the year by the action of the Federal Reserve Board and the Administration's anti-inflation efforts. Present condi- tions behoove all of us to run a "tighter ship" this year. Wisconsin-We have a shortage of parking spaces. Banks are ready and will- ing, but there is a shortage of ready-to-buy customers. Also, shortage of spots to set homes on. Maryland-The government is cutting personnel 10% at Ft. Meade. We're going to start feeling "it" bad in a few months. Arizona-We have a shortage on spaces. Many winter visitors are leaving their trailers to hold spaces. California-No parks. Plenty of buyers, but not parks to put them in. We had to make four refunds last week because we couldn't deliver space as promised. Our new 200 space park will open next month which will help solve this problem. Missouri-We have too many dealers .and no business. Texas-Business has been null since November. We see no relief in sight. Illinois-Business is rough! California-California is in a definite mobile home slump. Registration are down. We have a tight money scare with a big lay off. Labor strikes are taking PAGENO="0109" 3519 their toll in mobile home sales. Smart dealers will prepare for a tighter market with less inventory. This is nothing new for this industry. Ohio-We have less traffic. Florida-Because of tight money, loan payments *being shortened and the market (stock exchange) "bad", customers are backing away. Oh well, these things come and go! Utah-Prospects look good-depending on parking space and the money situation. Hope it loosens soon. This should be a good year. Manufacturers are not so independent. I think that they will do a better job of building mobile homes. We dropped about 20% in Sales during January of this year over last year. I believe this is due to higher interest rates and the raising of prices by the mobile home parks. Oregon-There are some lay offs in the lumber industry. Buying is cautious because interest rates are high. Interest rates and shortage of money have caused cut backs in many of the dealers' inventories. Michigan-We didn't think the parking space situation could be worse; but, as of now, it looks like it may get worse yet before it gets better. Maryland-We are working harder, and we have more stock. Arizona-We are just coming into the travel trailer season. We desperately need neW parks in this area-particularly family parks. California-We have a housing shortage and apartment rentals are up 15%- 30%. Manufacturers that have been silently violating every sensible marketing approach will now sell to anyone who has flooring open. Overdue invoices are overlooked and consignment deals are beginning to pop-up in California. The fight for survival is on. Manufacturers are actually hurting more than dealers at this stage. I feel there is an interesting shake-out approaching. [Prom Dealer Comments, AprIl 19701 California-Lot play is picking up and new parks are to open soon. Now that all the "bally hoo," about what a great business this is has died down and stocks have dropped to where they should be, maybe we can all get down to work and sell mobile homes. Arizona~-We need more parks in this area. Closed parks are getting a foothold, and we need to combat this with an increase of supply. We particularly need nice family parks. Delaware-We are selling mobile homes for summer homes around the beaches in our area. Maryland-Business prospects are fair because of news reports, weather and park shortages. We are having a zoning hearing. Opposition to the 500 spaces is fearsome. The situation would make "a preacher cuss like a mule skinner." If it doesn't go through, I'd like to see low cost homes for extra large families- government backing, of course. Oregon-A simple answer to make business good: we reduce the profit a little and work a lot lwrder. Retired people are a large segment of our market. Persons in this age bracket usually own their home outright, and financing is difficult with the tight money situation. When the money picture changes, sales will boom again. Sales are faster when only an equity is involved. Alaska-Not much business, but we have had the mildest winter I have seen in my 20 years in the state of Alaska. Montana-Lumber and wood work has slowed, and we'll have to hustle to equal 1969 sales. New Mexico-Too many hungry dealers! Utah-Money is tight and people do not have down payments. Wyoming-More people are interested in mobile homes because of tight money conditions in the on-site building field and the extremely high rent on apart- ments. This has been an unusually mild February and lot traffic has held up well. South Carolina-We have good lot traffic and great interest in the Gi' and 65' homes. Manufacturer representatives are calling us every day and asking us to consider taking on their line. Good bargains in factory re-purchase merchan- dise are being offered. It looks like "shake out" time in this industry. Virginia-We cannot understand why we are off as much as we are. Illinois-New parks are going in, and there are more demands for mobile homes. I can't see how this can be anything but a banner year for the mobile PAGENO="0110" 3520 home in this area. The only thing that will stop it is financing and parking, and they don't look to be any problem now. Michigan-Our model change affected winter sales efforts as we went for a period without units to display for orders. However, traffic is good now, and March and April should be good. Tight money does directly affect us; it is influencing customer attitudes by focusing attention on interest rates. Sales of doublewides are affected by zoning, building codes and length of financing period; these are working out. Price is becoming a competitive issue as some unwise dealers are "selling dollars." It will be a good year for those who earn (sell) it. Kentucky-No parking spaces available. New Jersey-Space is available in a new park in our area. California-Spring always has a tendency to encourage additional lot traffic, stimulate movement to other locations and arouse the desire to purchase. Arizona-We carry a large stock and service our sales. Delaware-No spaces. (Maryland-Our sales are up, but deliveries are way down. We can sell `em, but we can't park `em. New York-Just think; prospects look good. Things looked bad in December, January and February, but suddenly, with the beginning of March, we had traffic and business. Connecticut-We have very limited parking. It was the worst winter weather in memory. Four new dealers got under way tying up six previously available parks. Even with this, a business slowdown felt by all businessmen in the area and news of lay-offs in every newspaper, we did more business than in any previ- ous winter since `59. Even after 20. years in this business, it's hard to figure! Maine-We have enough business, but down payments are hard to get. High interest rates are hurting, but the biggest problem is parking in a decent park. Parking is getting to be a major problem. We have never been bothered too much before, but now it is here. Michigan-Lack of space for parking. Wisconsin-Taxes have cleaned everyone's pocket. Prospects are only fair be- cause of the shortage of park spaces. Iowa-We have moved to a new location-Jet. 1-35 & 30-with high traffic count and good exposiire. Minnesota-Our Skyline Mobile Home Park is now full, and we plan to add 25 more spaces this year. If the weather gets straightened out, we look for good sales. Missouri-We are optimistic, hoping to get a new park zoned and approved; otherwise, sales will be down. Nebraska-More lot traffic and good prospects. South Dakota-Spring is generally the time that brings out the buyers. Texas-Too many dealers are selling at a small profit. Also, there is a high parking rent-$45 to $65 monthly. Three dealers went broke or out of business last month. Three more should go out of business this month. That will leave only 41 in town! California-We have no parks, banks are tightening up on credit and people without down payments make prospects look poor. Arizona-There is a shortage of spaces. Buyers are looking for cheaper homes. Delaware-Poorer times; tight money. Maryland-There are more military personnel moving into two new mobile home parks being built, and there are more lots being added to old parks. Illinois-It has been a cold winter. Sunshine and warn weather are good for business. Michigan-Lot traffic has been excellent, and we have a greater need for low cost housing. We have beautiful competitive, new 70 models and have added one of the best known lines of truck campers. Most dealers in this area appear to be experiencing very good activity, and we believe the people, who put off buy- ing last year because of different uncertainties, are going to add to this year's normal market, creating a very fine year for the industry as a whole. Let's hope this past year's results will have good effect on manufacturings' future pricing policies which have tended to climb excessively at times. Wisconsin-Prospects look good. Parking is available. Connecticut-We have good traffic and the need for commercial housing. I hope our spaces hold out or new ones open up. South Dakota-Construction should be starting soon. I believe this year will PAGENO="0111" 3521 be just as good as last year, not booming, but steady and normal. We have had a lot of traffic, so, if we get just 10% of the traffic as buyers, I'll be real happy. Utah-Prospects would be excellent if people had more take-home pay and fewer credit cards. Credit cards are taking too much money off the market and putting people in debt. We need more parks. And tight ffioney is hurting. Arizona-No housing! Our area has more dealers than it needs. Who know~ how many will be here next year, or later. [From Dealer Comments, May 19701, Delaware-Park spaces are drying up and no new parks are being planned. Florida-Our customers are not financing. Maryland-I would suggest dealers write and tirge a ten year ban on anti- mobile home zoning. Mobile home permits should be issued for one acre of private ground. Also, I would suggest that MHMA shower all county governments with a reasonable concept of parks; and let the park residents decide regarding expensive recreation halls, pools, etc. How about a salesmen's course (seminar) at the Harrisburg `Show-eight hours, of course? `North `Carolina-With spring weather, our prospects are already starting to make firm commitments. The slow down in the general economy ha's caused a "wai.t and see" attitude to develop among the better prospects. `Some lay offs or shut downs have affected our area. Virginia-~Because of the housing shortage, we `believe prospects for business in the next three months look good. Illinois-Weather has got to get better; it can't stay cold and snowy. Michigan-Spring weather is expected, and prospects look good. The 65' length is now legal and adequate financing of `mobile homes is available. Improvement in doublewide financing is `developing and doubles can soon be delivered when the weather `breaks. We have `more prospects appearing. We would like to say that this will be a good year-and we believe it will-but we know it will occur (the high volume sales) at `somewhat different times than last year in 1969. Profit margins will be lower for those who take orders rather than sell. More people know more a'bout buying mobile homes; therefore, they are better shoppers. Ohio-~Spring is coming! Wisconsin-No one seems to have the necessary down payment. Minnesota-Our Skyline Mobile Home Park is now full. We will add 30 `more spaces when the frost goes out. We have noticed that people are doing more shopping than previously, and many are bargain hunters. They are `slow in making up their minds to buy. Missouri-We have high interest rates and no parks. North Dakota-We have enough parking and more financing is available. South Dakota-We have a large selection of homes to choose from, and a number of purchase plans are available, so that `business prospects look good. Shopping-traffic has been heavy for the past couple of months, and now some are getting serious and starting to `buy; With our selection of homes `and purchase plans, we're doing some business. Texas-Even though we have new parks, we are losing one new dealer pew month. Old customers have stopped referring their friends to ns, and they now bring them in personally so that they don't get misled on the way. A good reputations seems to be our greatest asset. The park operators no longer hover over our drivers when they set up a home. Now they come out, see who it is, wave and go on a'bout their `business. Hope that flattery never goes to our heads! Kentucky-We are starting our third new mobile home park. Mississippi-AU we need is good weather, I hope! New Jersey-We have a lack of space. Pennsylvania-Selling is always good in April, `May and June. North `Carolina-We are training a salesman-the only one on the lot. We'll depend on him and his ability to sell. `Missouri-4t looks as if we will h'ave a new park, `hopefully, in six months or less. Unless a miracle happens, `business will be poor until then. `Maine-Our only problem is parking the units. Parks are `being built but not fast enough for the demand. `New Hampshire-We *have no finance `problems with mobile homes. It is going to `be a good year. The only problem is that manufacturers `are increasing prices and decreasing quality. We have noticed the construction is terrible in PAGENO="0112" 3522 some units. After talking with several dealers, we have decided to let-up on the orders and order units from other manufacturers who are taking a little pride in their product. When manufacturers' sales fall-off, they will investigate. California-Mobile home and travel trailer business in southern California is very depressed. Business is not even worth writing about; ariyw-ay, how can you write about nothing? Oregon-According to production figures, Oregon and Washington sales are down 15%. Even when sales return to normal, the profit "hey-day" is a thing of the past. Ten years ago there was only one plant in Oregon. and today there are 15 completely modern plants. These plants are capable of producing at least 75 units per day in a trade area that can consume a maximum of 50 units. At nearby Boise, Idaho, there are also 15 plants that ship into Oregon and Washing- ton; you can see the picture. Some plants keep adding new brand names, all in the same price range. More dealers mean stiffer competition; also, buyers are getting wiser. Arizona-We do not understand the big drop in business. It is slow, slow, slow! Montana-Business propects are good; we are w-orking harder and have one more salesman. Utah-People just don't seem to have the money to qualif~v. I have never seen things so slow at this time of the year. Missouri-Tight parking and tight financing! Florida-We still have plenty of visitors in the "sunny South" plus the travel minded folks that make Florida their home all year round. School is coming into its final nine weeks, and everyone is getting "itchy" feet to hit the road. Maryland-We have no parks. North Carolina-Our season will start in April. Michigan-With area employment very good, incomes high, lot traffic very good, increased advertising scope and new units very competitive, business prospects are excellent. Ohio-We have a rubber strike, construction workers strike, trucking strike, no workers and no lot traffic in our area. Wisconsin-Prospects are good if you can find a place to put them. Lots are scarce. From Knapp, Wisconsin, to the Twin Cities, there are no lots. All are full. Missouri-We have too many new dealers in our area. New Jersey-Prospects would be excellent if additional spaces could be found. Unless zoning against mobile homes is eased by most townships, the mobile home industry will be in a very serious position in New Jersey. We own three parks and still have a three month waiting period for our sales. California-It is past the time to pay taxes; the weather is now becoming a definite factor, and we have an increase in lot traffic. Oregon-Lumber industry employment is at a minimum at this time. This, naturally, affects the economy in our area. Quite a few dealers in our area still have a stock of 1909 models which they are trying to dispose of, and this makes competition a bit rough. Arizona-The shortage of housing here has helped the "fly-by-night dealers," as well as the old established dealers. Now let's see what happens when the summer rolls around. Maryland-Even with tight money and high taxes our housing prospects are good. We are holding our own against overwhelming odds. Zoning boards made up of realtors, contractors and builders, have made things difficult, as well as the poor conception of mobile homes and parks by the average house owner. We are still fighting for private property rights. The right of the individual to live in the home of his choice on his own property. North Carolina-Lot traffic is above average. Michigan-Honest selling and a one-year service free program make business prospects look excellent. New and old dealers are making me sick with their low pricing. We refuse to give our homes away. We spend a lot of money on advertising and train our sales people to make money. We "will do" over 500 this year with two lots. Ohio-We have a lot of folks looking. At a time when our government in Washington is recommending mobile homes for middle income people, our Ohio Attorney General has come out with a ruling that a home over 12' wide-two sections-is not a mobile home. He says a mobile home must be on a foundation and must be applicable to all local building codes. Wisconsin-Money is loosening, and we have a new subdivision with mobile home lots available. Missouri-We are having a normal spring, but interest rates are still too high. PAGENO="0113" 3523 OPERATION BLUESKY PROMOTES MH LIVING Producing more `attractive mobile homes for low cost housing is the project' undertaken by "Operation Bluesky", at the University of North Carolina Campus in Greensboro, North Carolina. The Bluesky project is a joint venture of the Southeastern Manufactured Housing Institute, Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association and the School of Home Economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. With the idea of improving the exterior design and interiors of mobile homes, the organizations agreed to design and furnish three model homes: for newly- weds, a retired couple and a family with two pre-school children. Conner Industries, Newport, North Carolina; Mobilcraft Industries, Inc., Spartanburg, South Carolina, and Modern Industries, Swainsboro, Georgia, are building the units. Some outstanding features of the homes include longer windows to create the appearance of a traditional home; master bedroom large enough for a queen size bed and ample closet space and children's bedroom with a bi-folding door which can be pulled out to form two rooms if desired. Bright, light colors and light-scaled standard furniture is used to prove good quality furniture can fit into a mobile home. It was felt many newly married would want to take the furniture with them when and if they moved into a conventionally-built home. Mr. MARTIN. Some of the points raised during the questions had to do with the direct loan provision. This is one of the things that the industry feels is important to the program. We have had indications there may not be money available to take care of any direct loans, but I do not think this should be the question. I think the ability to make direct loans when funds are available should be tied in with the reduction of funds for the Vietnam conflict and the return of the veterans at the same time. We should be able to provide housing on a direct loan basis. Another reason we bring this up is that the title I program is under an interest rate of about 81/2 percent at the present time. We are finding that there is not a great deal of interest by the financial institutions to get into this program, so it has been moving slowly. We feel that that program, itself, will need more strength. Mr. Edwards mentioned the depreciation and life expectancy of mobile homes. This is of concern to the industry and a question we have looked at with considerable study. We are finding that the 12-foot wide mobile home-which started in production in about 1960; in California it began in 1958 because the California Legislature enacted a statute governing construction of mobile homes-with the advent of those standards, we found the mobile home increasing in life expectancy. We are using a figure of 20-years-plus on the mobile homes now built to what we call A119.1. The 14-year figure mentioned by a previous witness has to do with, I think, a study done on a 12-foot-wide mobile home, which came into existence in the early sixties, so it is still a new product. I think they have used an actuaria.l approach to determine the life expectancy. We feel the new mobile home built to proper standards will exceed the 20-year period. Mr. EDWARDS. Can you furnish the committee statistics on what a mobile home sells for after 10 years-iS years. Mr. MARTIN. We can provide a book. It is called a `blue book. It is used by dealers nationwide and the variations will depend upon the market area. 48-254 O-70----8 PAGENO="0114" 3524 Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. Chairman, I would appreciate it. Mr. BARING. We would like to have it. Mr. MARTIN. We will see that the committee has that. As far as the depreciation is concerned, the person who is selecting a mobile home by desire or by need, is doing it to provide housing fr his family. The end result is not his prime consideration, the deprecia- tion, at this time. He is not able to afford more expensive housing. (The document to which reference is made was furnished and retained in committee files.) Mr. DUNCAN. About whit is the rent for pa.rking? Mr. MARTIN. Nationwide, the average is about $45 per month for a space in a park. This will vary from $25 in many areas up to some resort areas on the west coast where people might be paying $150 or $200 a month ±or a space. Mr. DUNCAN. Does that include utilities? Mr. MARTIN. In most cases, it includes the water, but probably not the electricity. Along with the direct loan, we would like to also indicate our sup- port for the 15-year provision-with the cost of money being what it is. The other point is the limitation on the dollar amount. Where we are talking about a $10,000 figure, we would like to recommend that this be $12,500 on the mobile home itself or at least give the Veterans Administrator the prerogative to increase it in areas where the veteran might select a doublewide home. Doublewides are attached together in a. mobile home park, or on a private site, and provide in excess of 1,000 feet of living space. The veteran with two or three children needs a little more space than a single unit might provide. Mr. BARING. I note that you have, on page 2, a figure that a mobile home having about 1,400 square feet might retail for as much as $21,000. How does that compare with the building programs over varous portions of the country? I know in certain sectons, they wouldn't allow them. Mr. MARTIN. The standard the industry has was adopted in 1963. Here we would like to recommend that it be a requirement that any mobile home under the VA program be* built to that standard. It is also included in the FHA program. That standard, at the present time, is either enforced by reference or by guideline by about 17 States nationwide. It is a requirement of membership in our association. Wre are also, at the present time, investigating third-party certifica- tion. That will assure that the manufacturer is building a unit to comply with these standards; It was felt that the need for one stand- a.rd instead of a variation of building codes was essential. S We are finding that the doublewide, $21,000 unit to which you referred, could be built to local building codes if it were not a mobile home; if it was just like a conventional site-built home. As far as the mobile home is concerned, you can buy a. $21,000 unit and it can go on private property in certain areas of the country. It is a very deluxe unit at that point. Those are the only points I wanted to elaborate on over and above our submitted testimony, Mr. Chairman. PAGENO="0115" 3525 Mr. BARING. Thank you very much. Mr. MARTIN. Thank you and we will submit the blue book to the committee. (The following supplementary material was submitted:) PAGENO="0116" PAGENO="0117" PAGENO="0118" 3528 Mobile Home/Recreational Vehicle DEALER assumes no responsibility for possible inaccuracies. Prices listed are suggested retail prices, f.o.b. AAA MOBILE HOME MFG. CO., INC. p.a.; Sonny Burns, pit. supt. 1650 Arclurus Ave., Ciearsvater, Fl. 33515. Ph: AC 813- Models produced: 442~SlI4. In busmess since 1966. Clias. Magin, pres.; 12'wide: 50' 1-2 bdrrn; 53', 60', 64' & 70' 23 bdrrn. Bout. Prestois, sm.; Paul Curtas, p.a.; JerrY Fernandez, pit. suN ALL STAR COACH, INC. ,\lodcls produced: 3131 E. Milber Tucson Az. 85714. Ph: AC 602-294- 12'wide: 36', 40', 44', 48' & 52' 1 bdrm. 85320-16775; 2641. In business since 1962. R. C. Ravenscroft, pres. 56' Is (30' 2 lulrm $7225-S7450. & II K b `t & Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 49' 2 bdrm. 24'wide: 36', Sfodcls produced: , 40' ~4S' 2 Ixirm. $9150-$11,820; 52' 3 bdrm. $12,800. 12'wide: 52' 1.2 bdrrn; 60' & 64' 1-3 bdrm. Special Units: Relocatable homes. ~ADSE~,M~Y MgBILE HOMES CORP. h. ALL STATE TRAILER CO., INC. .`l9$6~°431 op.) ox , osne, n. 4 46. P - AC Warehouse Rosy, P.O. Box 337, Jacksonville, Ar. 72078. - - , . Ph: AC 501-982-2144. In business since 1951. Ivan 0. BRANCH: Valdosta, Ga. 31601. Toler, pres.; Gene Douglas, sm.; Jerry Boyd, p.a.; 0. D. Mobile homes. ` Bradford, pit. supt. ACTIVE HOMES CORP Models produced: (Sub. Active Toni & Mfg. Co.) 7938 S. Van Dyke Rd., lTwide:51' 1-2 bdrm $7795; 56', 61' & 66' 2-3 bdrin Marirtte, Mi. 48453. Ph: AC 517.~635-9771. In business DaubIev'id°~ Units: 24'wide: 51', 56' & 61' 2-3 bdrm ~ $14,000.$15,500. \mj~4ç produced: ALL TYPE TRAILERS, INC. 8'wide: 6(1' 2-3 bdrm $6300-S9950. P. 0. Box 225, Philadelphia Rd., White Marsh, Md. 21162. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 40', 45', 51' & 57' 3 hdrm Ph: AC 301-335-7000. In business since 1967. John F. S12.500.S16.500. Toboll. pres.; Chas. Firs, Jr., g.m.; Daniel Bernhardt, sm.; * AIRE.LINE MOBILE HOMES CORP. W'm. Dunn, pa.: Richard Tippett, pit. supt. (Div. Cuerdon md mc) P0 Box 1259 Lo yR ,\focl(ls1)rodzlced: K 40 01 (F p 1 & m d I p d red Cu Special Units 12 60 C mm I & \l d 1 m d I doss hid.. Inc. individual listing.) BRANCHES: Ashburn, Ga.; Cabot, Ar.; Hazen. Ar.' ALLEN HOMES, INC. Scottsbluff, Nb.; South Hill, Va.; Chambersburg (Sub. Ray L. Alien & Assoc., Inc.) 315 N. Jefferson Pa. St., lbs 949, Olympia, Wa. 98501. Ph: AC 206-357- AIR.FLO MFG. CO., INC. 6661. In business since 1969. Dale B. Luscher, pces.; 67(I) 1)avis Blvd., Smithlleld, Tx., P.O. Box 13247, Ft. Chas. Snow, g.s.m.; Ron Fitzgerald, g.m.; John Thomas, Worth. Tx. 76118. Ph: AC 817-281.8400. In business head p.a.; Dan Andrade, n.m.; Dallas Lane, p.a. sisire 1961. Frederick D. CuIp, pres.; Robt. K. Bishop, Branch: Junction City. Ks. 66441, 1000 Perry St. gin. & sm.: Jerry Greenwood, pa.: Aubrev A. Byas, pit. hbodi4s J)roduced; - m~i Kesissetli Graham prod mgr. - 12'wide: 48', 52' & 56' 1-2 bdrm $4995-$5995; 60' 2-3 \lodels produced: . *~- bdrm $6495; 64' 2-4 bdrm $8995. 8'wide: 30' 1 lolrm $3450; 35' 1-2 bdrm $3895. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' & 4' x 12' tip-out Ivg on Special Units: Commercial & custom models in 8', 10' t11 models $500. & 12'svide. * ALBEE HOMES, INC.. . ALLIED HOME TECHNOLOGY CO. 931 Stsmniit St., Niles, Oh. 44446. Ph: AC 216-652-5861. 111 Hiiiiibi~ St., San Antonio, Tx. 78225. Ph: AC 512- \Vm. Cross, chin. bd.; Alex 6i'oss, pres.; Sam Gross, exec. WA4-4322. In business since 1969. Jay Lewis Rubin, v.p.: Ilosvard Mercer, v.p. & g.mmobtie home dlv. pres.; Myron C. Poole, exec. v.p.; Galand F. Boyd, n.m.; Models produced: Jack R. Kelley, p.a.; Thos. J. Walsh, prod. mgr. 12' & 24'wide nubile homes. Models produced: Special Units: Sectional housing. 12'wide: 60', 65', 70' & 75' 1-3 bdrm. ALL SEASON IND., INC. 14'wide: 68', 73,' 80' & 85' 1-3 hdrm. Al,is'vihle, Ga. 31001. PIs: AC 912-467.6251. In business 1969. Tlsos. B. Kimball, pces. ALTAIR HOMES, INC. ,`tfodels produced: (Sub. The Midland Co.) Box 567, Americus, Ga. 31709. \l,slsile 1oones. (latest available information) Ph: AC 912.924-6061. In business since 1969. Cecil Gui- ALL SOUTH HOMES CORP. lip, pres.; Roy Studstill, g.m.; Pete Johansen, sm.; Bob (Sub. Homes of America) RIe. 2, Box 23.5, Pavo, Ga. . Watson, pit. mgr.; John Bumette, p.s.; Ernest Mos~r 31778: Ph: AC 912-859.2491. In business since 1909. & Bradley Perkins, prod. mgr's. Larry A. Carr, pres.: Bill Moran, pit. mgr.; Bill Bibb, Models produced: 48 254 1~O Rrrn's Ade.rI,s,m,ntApPIIFS In `This cue d - 6 KOliLt euE/IEcnEATis*AL eceisLE SUitS PAGENO="0119" 3529 12'wide: 43' 1.2 bdrm; 51' 2 bdrm; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. Doublewide Unifs: 24'wide: to 65' 2-4 bdrm. AMERICAN COACH CO. (Div. l)~s1il Corp.) (For personnel & models produced see l)\lt I Corp. iinlividnal listing.) Branches: Milledgeville, Ga. 31061. P.O. Box 458, Eatotiton llw~. 441 North. Ph: AC 912-452-3581. New. fan, Ks. 67114. P.O. Box 388, Meridian Rd, Ph: AC 316- 283-1100. Sf, Louis. Mi. 48801. 1501 Virginia St. Ph: AC 517-681-2121 Schuylkill Haven, Pa, 17972, 1008 Pennsylvania Hwy. 61. Ph: AC 717-335-1660, AMERICAN HERITAGE RELOCATABLE HOMES. INC. P.O. Drasver 1834, Tallahassee, Fl. 32302, Ph: AC 904- 877-7918. In business since 1967. Myles R. Sahlgren, Models /)roduccd: ~slolsile honses. (latest available information) AMERICAN MOBILE HOME CORP. 14416 I-lamlin St., Van Nuys, Ca. 91401. linde/s produced: Mobile homes. (no information submitted) AMERICANA HOMES OF N.C., INC. (Div. Ilodgson Houses) Box 908, Maxton, Ne. 28364. Ph: AC 919-844-3521, In business since 1969. Rollan L. Jones, pres.; Larrie Ceiser, n.m.; Marcus Norton, pa.; hlansois ilunt, pit. mgr. linde/s produced: 12'wide: 51' 2 bdrin $4800; 60' 2-3 bdrxn $6000; 65' 2-4 bdrm $0400. Doublewide Unifs: 24'wide: 40' 3 bdrm: 50' 3-4 bdrm. Special Unifs: Sec. housing. AMERICANA MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Sub. hlodgson houses) 9th & Oak St., Berwick, Pa. 18603. Ph: AC 717-759-0341, In business since 1963, Jos. Patzsch, pres.; Peter Poole, g.m.: Bay Spotts, n.m.; Drue llottman, pa.; Umberto Fenicchia, pit. mgr. Branches: Berwick, Pa. 18603, Salem House, Larry Barrett, pit. mgr. Taylor, Pa. 18517, 5 Keyser Ave., R. H. O'Dell, pit. mgr, Models produced: 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm .$3995.$4495; 58', 60', 62' & 84' 2.3 bdrm $6495.$8495; 65' & 70' 2-4 bdrm $5995- $7995. Doublewide Unifs: 24'wide: 34' 2 bdrm $11,195-$11,- 495; 38', 44', 46' & 52' 3 bdrm $11,495-$14,195; 56' 4 bdrm 814,195.815,195. Special Unifs: Pre-built homes. ANCHOR HOMES, INC. P.O. ltox 98, Hwy. 81, Starr, Sc. 29684. Ph: AC 808- 352-6121. In business since 1985. D. N. Smith, pres. & g.m.: Waiter P. Lominack, n.m.; Thos. Hart, p.a.; Clarence R. Gentry, pit. mgr.; Russell M. Metz, pit. nupt. Models produced: 12'wide: 38' & 48' 2 bdrm $3100.$3795; 80' 3 $4895. ARCHER IND., INC. ilsvy. 24, P.O. Box 508, Archer, Fl. 32618. Ph: AC 904~495-2135. In business since 1988. Theodore Namis- i:sk, pres. llodel.s produced: Mobile homes. ARLINGTON HOMES (Div. Skyline Corp.) 15670 Perris Rd., Sunnymead, Ca. 92388. Models produced: Sectional housing. ARMOR MOBILE HOMES MFG. (Div. Guçrdon Ind., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 40201. (For personnel & models produced see Cuerdon hid., Inc. individual listing.) BRANCHES: Ashburn, Ga.; Scoffsbluff, Nb.; Se. bree, Ky.; Soufh Hill, Va. ARTCRAFT OF GA. (SOUTHERN HOMES) (Div. Wick Bldg. Systems, Inc.) Winder-Barrow Airport, Winder, Ca. 30680. Ph: AC 404-867-2103. In business since 1963. John Wick, pren.; Roger Davis, v.p. & g.m.: Jas. Wilson, mgr. & sm.; Sidney Bonisemer, pa.; Clarence Simmons, pit. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: Up to 68'. ARTCRAFT OF NEW ENGLAND (Div. Wick Bldg. Systems, Inc.) Concord Industrial Park, Concord, Nh. 03301. Ph: AC 603-225~2732. In business siisce 1968. John Wick, pres.; Roger Davis, v.p. &.g.m.: E. Arthur Zsvingelstein, sm.; Lloyd A. Ilomes, pit mgr. linde/s produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm; 64' & 68' 2-3 bdrm. ARTCRAFT OF TEXAS (Div. \Vi~k Bldg. Systems, Inc.) 2512 N. E. 35th St., Ft. Worth, Tx 76111. Ph: AC 817-838-2331. In business since 1956. John. Wick, pren.; Roger Davis, v.p. & g.m.; Don Black, pit. mgr.: Len Bruner, n.m.; Jim Franklin, p.a. Models produced; 12'wide: 56' 1 bdrm; 60', 62' & 64' 2-3 bdrm. ARTCRAFT OF WISCONSIN (Div. Wick Bldg. Systems, Inc.) Box 156, Spencer, Wi. 54479. Ph: AC 715-659-3911. John Wick, pres.; Roger Davis, v.p. & g.m.: Jas. Kemps, mgr. & n.m.; Dwayne Kortbein, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: Up to 68'. 14'wide: Up to 68'. ASHRIDGE HOMES (Div. Winston hid., Inc.) P.O. Box 579, Haheyvilie, Al. 35565. Ph: AC 205-489.5131. Paul Woodberry, pres.: J. Stiiwehi, pit. mgr.; Chas. Codsey, n.m.; L. Brewer, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 43' & 46' 2 bdrm. AURORA MOBILE HOMES, INC. 16831 Krameria, P.O. Box 4218, Riverside, Ca. 92504. Ph: AC 714-688.9710. In business since 1965. Richard J. bdnn Kothiow, pres.; Jack 0. Spencer, v.p. sin.; Gerald C. Bashaw, v.p. prod.; Allen Pond, pa. Rnn's Ad,.rt,,.m.nt Appsar, in This lssu. d.8 48 254 151 MOuLt 011E/SECOEATSOMAL VENICLE DEALE* PAGENO="0120" 3.fodcic produced: Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 57' 2 bdrm $12,150. 24'wide: 43', 52' & 60' 2 bdrm $ll,250-$15,695. AZALEA HOMES, INC. (Sub. AAIICO md., Inc.) 212 S. Livingston St., Clin- ton, Sc. 29325. Ph: AC 803.833-2340. In business since 1958. Norman F. Pulliam, pres.; Ben F. Copeland, g.m.; Barbara E. Bolt, sm.; Michael O'Gorman, pa.: Jos. B. Spillers, pIt. mgr. ,\fodrls produced: 12'wide: 49' & 55' 2 bdrm, 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrrn $5000- $8000. AZTEC MOBILE HOMES, INC. Box 27, Eastland, Tx. 76448. Ph: AC 817-629-1766. In business since 1969. Larry M. Blalock, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) B B & B HOMES CORP. P.O. Box 2186, Casper, Wy. 82601. Ph: AC 307-235. 1525. In business since 1967. Robt. Ingram, pres.; Art Terry, sm.; Sam Joday, g.m.; Roy Edenfleld, pa. Modrls produced: B'wide: 35' 1-2 bdrm $3995-$4095. Special Units: Commercial & labomtory models 8'wide: 20'-35'. BARCRAFT HOMES, INC. By-Pass #76, P.O. Box 716, Laurens, Sc. 29630. Ph: AC 803-983-5812. In business since 1962. Jas. A. Bames, pres. Mothl.s produced: Mobile homes, office & custom models. (latest available information) BARCRAFT HOMES OF ARKANSAS, INC. P.O. Box 72, 10 Sturgis St., Conway, Ar. 72032. Ph: AC 501-327-7706. In business since 1964. Dean Goodman, pros. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) BEAVER ENTERPRISES, INC. Industrial Pb., Fitzgerald, Ga. 31750. Ph: AC 912-423- 9333. In business since 1968. John W. Brister, Jr., pres.; Gerald R. Andrews, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Mel Hall, sm. & pa. Models produced: 12'wide: 40' 1-2 bdrm. BELLAIRE PRODUCTS. INC. Box 1490, Bradenton, Fl. 33506. In business since 1956. Robt. M. Bell, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available informa~on) Box 7638, Riverside, Ca. 92503. P1:: AC 714.687-0303. In business since 1950. John C. Crean, pres.; Dan Stretch, v.p. opec.; Gordon R. Collins, dir. mktg.: Bill Daffin, dir. mfg. services. Subsidiaries: Riverside, Ca. 92503, 3200 Myers St., P.O. lbs 7728, Ph: AC 714.687-5440, Chuck Brammer, pit. mgr. Models produced: Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 52' 2 bdrm; 60' 2.3 bdrm. *BELVEDERE MOBILE HOMES 111 Belvedere Rd., Box 756, Elkhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219-264-1128. In business since 1958. Hobart D. Blough, pres.; Howard Glen, g.m.; Dick Stewart, pa.; Ed Kelly, sm.; Bob Benson, pIt. mgr. Models produced; 12'wide: 56' 1-2 bdmi; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' & 4' x 12' T-Room lvg: 7'x 10'&7'x 12'BiIt-Morlvg. * BENTON HOMES (Div. Winston Ind., Inc.) P.O. Box 235, Kentland, In. 47951. Ph: AC 219-474-5171. In business since 1969. Paul Woodberry, pres.; Ceo. S. Witt, g.m.; Ceo. S. King, sm.; Flarley Hackett, pa.; Los Biffel, plt. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $6495-$6995. BIGELOW MFG. CO., INC. P.O. Box 138, Bigelosv, Ar. 72016. Ph: AC 501.759-2611. In business since 1969. Jas. Mandrut, pres.; Don Dooley, sm.: JerrY Franks, pa. Models produced: 12'wide: 44' & 51' 2 bdrm $3595.$4595; 60' 3 bdrm $5495. BILTMORE MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Kaufman & Broad, Inc.) 13821 Redwood Ave., Chino, Ca. 91710. Ph: AC 714-628-8978. In business since 1951. L. T. Caruthers, pros.; Jack Johansen, g.m.; Jim Cowan, controller. Division: Sahara Mobile Homes. (See individual listing.) BRANCHES: Chino, Ca. 91710, 13821 Redwood Ave., Douglas, Ga. 31533, RFD 83. Boise, Id. 83705, 4540 Apple St. Models produced: Mobile homes. BLAKELY HOMES, INC. P.O. Drawer 707, Blakely, Ga. 31723. Ph: AC 912-723- 3772. In business since 1969. Doyal Butler, pros.; C. Ben Rogers, g.m. & s.m.; Randolph Miller, p.s. If odds produced; 12'wide: 44' & 47' 1-2 bdrm S2995.$3295; 57' & 60' 2-3 bdrm $3895-$4095: 64' 3-4 bdrm $4295. 3530 L - ~U~ll9liIthiWj BOANZA HOMES (Div. of Redman Ind., Inc.) (For corporate address & personnel see Redman md., Inc.) PLANTS: Boos, Al. 35957, P.0 Bex 459. Alma, Mi. 48801, 925 E. Superior St. Tulsa Ok. 74fl5. 12.539 SkeIly Dr., P.O. Box BB. Hazleton, Pa. 18201, P.O. Box 189. If odds produced; *BARRINGTQH HOMES, INC. 12'wlde: 55'-flS' 2-3 bdrm. (Sub. fleetwood Enterprises, Inc.) 3196 Myers St., P.9. 14'wide~ 55'-70' 2-3 bdim. Rrm'i Adv.cth.m.nt App.an laThis Ins. d- 0 M~IILE ,,Kf/HCSSATDIALYENIILS DEA&tI PAGENO="0121" [ Iflff~jj~J~~n fd!iillL9litthiW ] *BOISE CASCADE MOBILE & RECREATIONAL PRODUCTS (Div. liaise Cascade Corp.) 61 Perimeter Park E., Atlan- ta, Ca. 30341. Ph: AC 404-458.3241. In business since 1962. Jack Clayton, g.m. product group; R. M. Ssvaffleld, gets. mktg. dir. Divisions: liaise Casrade Mobile Ilonses & Boise Cascade Modular Structures. (See individual listings.) *BOISE CASCADE MOBILE HOMES (Div. liaise Cascade Mobile & Becceational Products) 61 Perimeter Park E., Atlanta, Ca. 30341. Ph: AC 404- 458-3241. In business since 1962. Jack Clayton, g.m. prod- uct group; B. M. Ssvallieid, gets. mktg. dir.; Robt. \Veis, g.m. mobile home div. Brookwood Division: Art A. \Vacnec, g.m. PLANTS: Bourbon, In. 46504, Bte. 30, C. Woods, n.m. Clarion, Pa. 16214, P.O. Box 349, Phil Toppo, n.m. Salisbury, Nc. 28144, P.O. Itox 216, Hsvy. 29, 5. Wind- sor, sm. Texarkana, Tx. 75501, P.O. Box 1896, L. Jones, sm. Star Homes Division: Robt. Wagner, gus. PLANTS: Leesburg, Fl. 32748, P.O. lIon 44.1, 25tt0 Industrial St., M. Flanagan, s.m. Ottawa, Ks. 66067. 1550 Davis St., L. Smith, n.m. Union City, Mi. 49094, 101 S. Broadway, II. Miller, s.m. Brookhaven, Ms. 39601, 201 E. Montecello St., R. Coonfield, s.m. Mid. dleburg, Pa. 17842. 56 N. Creamery Ave., B. Udell, s.m. Western Division: George Pastilla, g.m. PLANTS: Colton, Ca. 92324. 250 Valley Blvd., C. Nevitt, sm. Downey, Ca. 90242, 9250 Washburn Rd., R. Parento, n.m. Santa Fe Springs, Ca. 90670, 13538 Excelsior Dr., R. Parento, sm. Woodland, Ca. 95695, P.O. Box 1427, 11 N. County Rd. 101, H. Foctney, sm. McMinnville, Or. 97128, P.O. Box 178, 1801 Or- chard Ave., F. Eardley, n.m. Modeia produced: 1 O'wide: 35'-49' 2 bdrm. 12'wide: 34'-44' 1 bdnn; 45'-49' 2-3 bdrm; 50'-59' 1-3 bdrm; 60' & over 2-4 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 20'wide; 35'-44' 2 bdrm; 45'-59' 2-3 bdrm; 60' & over 3 bdrm. 24'wide: 45'-49' 2 bdrm; 50'-59' 2-3 bdrm; 60' & over 2-4 bdrm. Special Units: Classrooms & commercial models. BOISE CASCADE MODULAR STRUCTURES (Div. Boise Cascade Mobile & Recreational Products) 61 Perimeter Park E., Atlanta, Ga. 30341. Ph; AC 404- 458-3241. In business since 1962. Jack Clayton, g.m. product group; R. M. Swaflield, gen. mktg. dir.; Hal Farnsworth, g.m. modular structures div. BRANCHES: Baltimore, Md. 21220, 500 Wilson Point Rd. Marlefte, Mi. 48453, 2746 LaMotte St. Models produced: Special Units: Two-story modular structures. BOLIN HOMES Es. 2, Box 388, Wichita Falls, Tx. 76303. Ph: AC 817- 766-3257. In business since 1968. D. H. Bolin, pres.; R. L. Bolin, g.m.; Jarrell Reeves, sm.; Lowell Craves, pa.; Phil Alsup, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 48' 2 bdrm $4500.$4700; 60' & 65' 2.3 bdrm $559547500, Sp.clal U.Its: 42' & 52' office models. BONUS MFG. CO. Hsvy. 116 Esler Field, P.O. Box 356, Tioga, La. 71477. Ph; AC 318.448.1621. In business since 1967. Robt. B. CilFord, osvner. Models proriuced: Mol)iie houses. (latest available information) BOWEN MOBILE HOMES, INC. Box Y, Tifton, Ga. 31794. Ph: AC 912.382-5621. li~ bosissess since 1068. Huie Bowen, pres. Maciris produced; Mobile homes. (latest available information) BRAD'S MACHINE PRODUCTS. INC. 4000 5. Park Ave., Tucson, Az. 85714. John C. Bradford, chm. bd. Morielt produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) BRANSTRATOR ENGINEERING CORP. 11400 ltlnffton Rd., Ft. Wayne, In. 46807. PIt: AC 219- 747-4105. In bnsiness since 1946. W. B. Branstrator, pres. Models produced; Classrooms. (latest available information) BRIGADIER IND. CORP. 234 Main St., Thomson, Ca. 30824. Ph; AC 404-595- 1507. In business since 1967. J. A. Ftutchinson, Jr., pres.; Baysnond D. Baker, v.p. operations; Tom Jessup, pa. Branches: Millen, Ga. 30442, P. 0. Box 619, Tom Jes- sup, pIt. mgr.; Bob hart, sm.; Ron Hickman, pa. Ocala, Fl. 32670, P. 0. Box 386, Jack Hay, pit. mgr.; Bob Dear- man, sm.; Bill Krumm, pa. Sylvester. Ga. 31791, P.O. Box 76, Bolt Turner, pit. mgr.; Harry Dale, sm.; B. A. Powell, pa. Models produced; 12'wide: 44', 48' & 50' 2 bdrm $3400-$3900; 57' & 60' 2-3 bdrm $4400-$4700; 64' 3 bdrm $5000. Special Units: Commercial, classroom & custom models. BRIGHT LEAF CORP.. INC. Northside Industrial Pk., Douglas, Ga. 31533. Ph; AC 912-384-7817. In business since 1969. L, W. Wade, Jr., pres. & sm.; Bob Dubois, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Van Evans, pa.; Ralph Bell, prod. mgc. Models produced: 12'wide: 48', 52' & 56' 2 bdrm $3195-$4500 & up: 60' & 64' 2-3 bdrm $3895-$4500 & up; 70' 3-4 bdrm $5000 & up. * BROADLANE HOMES, INC. OF INDIANA 2501 Middlebury St., Eikhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219- 522-9846. In business since 1965. Harry Craffls, pres.: Dewey A. Weidy, sm.; Francis Cappeiletti, g.s.m.: Eve- lyn Craflis, p.s.; Frank Myers, pit. supt. Models produced; 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $6995-$7595; 70' 2.4 bdrm $8095. 3531 * BROADMORE HOMES. INC. (Sub. Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc.) 3196 Myers St., P.O. Box 7638, Riverside, Ca. 92503. Ph; AC 714-687-0303. In business since 1950. John C. Crean, pres.; Dan Stretch, v.p. opec.: Cordon R. Collins, dir. mktg.; Bill Daffin, dir. mfg. services. SubsIdiaries: RIverside, Ca. 92503, P.O. Box 7697, 3051 Myers St., Ph: AC 714.687.2233, Austin Conley. pit. ~Rrm's Adoertisement Appears In Thh Issue ChILE KShE/IECIIATISUAL VEhICLE hEALER ii- 12 PAGENO="0122" mgr. Nampa, Id. 83561, 150 Industrial Rd., Ph: AC 208-466-8448, Jim Dean, pit. mgr. Douglas, Ga. 31533, P.O. Box 305, P1;: AC 912-384-4779, Jim Stapleton, pit. Engr. Bowling Green, Oh. 43402. P.O. Box 237, 1032 S. Maple, Ph: AC 4t9-352-5141, Ed Gould, pit. mgr. Ringtown, Pa. 17967. P.O. Box 300, 100 Fleetsvood Dr., Ph: AC 717-889-3112, Elson Sommers, pit. mgr. Waco, Tx. 76703, P.O. Box 370, 2800 E. Industrial Rd., Ph: AC 817-799-62(16, Glen Pense, pit. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 52' & 56' 1bdrm; 60' & 64' 2-3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 60' 2-3 bdrm (some pits.) Expandable Rooms: 8' x 11' & 8' x 13' expando lvg. BUDDY MOBILE HOMES (Div. Skyline Corp.) P.O. Box 1224, 1711: & Hively St., Elkhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219-293-2381. BRANCHES: Decatur, Al.; Hemet, Ca.; Ocala, Fl.; Boise. Id.; Arkansas City, Ks.; Bossier City. La.; New UIm, Mn.; Charlotte, Nc.; Leola, Pa. Models produced: Mobile homes. BUDGER HOMES (Div. Wick Bldg. Systems, Inc.) 11182 Penrose St., Sun Valley, Ca. 91352. Ph: AC 213-875-1450. In business since 1958. John Wick, pres.; Jos. Heath, g.m.; Lame Hansen, n.m. Models produced: Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'wide. BURKIN HOMES CORP. - Rte. #131, White Pigeon, Mi. 49099. Ph: AC 616-483- 9017. In business since 1969. Roger A. King. pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) BUSCHLEN IND. 14602 E. 6th St., Corona, Ca. 91720. Ph: AC 714-735- 5088. In business since 1968. Dwight L. Buschlen, pros.; Ron Evans, pa.; John Bossard, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 52' 1-2 bdms 85650-85695; 60' 2 hdrm S6195. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 43' 2 bdrm 87495. 24'- wide: 53' & 60' 2 bdcm S10,250.$11,395. Special Units: Commercial models. BUTLER HOMES OF GEORGIA P.O. Box 335, Butler, Ga. 31006. Ph: AC 912-862-5243. In business since 1968. Phil Carroll, pros. & g.m.; Jim Ricks, sm.; Des: Player, p.s.; Bob McChargsse, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 58' 3 bdrm 84900; 60' 2-3 bdrm $5400-$7000; 65' 3 bdrm 86000.87500. BYERLY TRAILER & MFG. CO., INC. 11601 Manchester Rd., Kirkwood Mo. 63131. Ph: AC 314-YO5.I221. In business since 1948. John B. Patton, pros. Models produced: 8'wlde: 35'-40' 1-2 bdrns custom models. cl.l4 C * C & G CORP. 3366 \V. Franklin St., Elkhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219- 523-5550. rn business since 1963. Don L. Greenawalt, prcs.; Jim Greenawalt, v.p. & g.m.; Rod Bale, p.a.; Robt. Johnson, pit. mgr.; Robt. Whetstone, s.m. Models produced: 12'wide: 44' & 50' 2 bdrm; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' tip-out lvg or bdrm on 60' & 65' models: 7' x 13' & 10' a 13' pull-out lvg or bdrm on 60' & 65' models. CWH MFG. CORP. P.O. Box 367, Childress, Tx. 79201. Ph: AC 817.937-2511. In business since 1969. Ben D. Woody, pres.; Henry H. Buck, g.m.: Bob Agnew, p.a.; Jim Miller, prod. mgr. 11 odds produced: 1 2'wide: 64' 2-3 bdrm $6200.$6500. 14'wide: 68' 2 lsdrm .87500; 72' 3 bdrm $8000. CAMBRIDGE HOMES (Sub. Monarch md., Inc.) Box 176, Syracuse, In. 46567. Ph: AC 219-457-3136. In business since 1965. D. L. Hart, pres.: Max Ganshoni, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Dave Weidner, Models produced: 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' & 4' x 12' tip-out on 12'svide: 50' & 6(1; 8' x 12' roil-out on 12'wide: 65'. CAMINO VILLA OF AMERICA, INC. P.O. Box 152, Broken Arrosv, Ok. 74012. Models produced: Mobile homes. (no information submitted) THE CAMBRIDGE MFG. CO. (Sub. U.S. Financial) 12118 S. Bioomfleld Ave., Santa Fe Springs, Ca. 92670. Ph: AC 213-878-9878. In busi- ness since 1963. Tom Neilson, pres.: Richard Molnar. sm.; Anthony L. Getzfrid, g.m.; Jiyun Nakaji, p.a. Models produced: Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 55' & 57' 2 bdrm 813,000- 820,000; 60' 2-3 bdrm S14,000-$21,000. Special Units: Triple units 55' & 60' 2-3 hdrm .820,000- $26,000. CARMICHAEL MFG. CO. IIss-v. #50, Lanett, Al. 36863. Ph: AC 205-576-2121. In business since 1966. J. H. Carmichael, pros.; H. H. Car- miclsael. sm.: E. M. Cagie, g.m.; Edith Carmichael, pa.: John E. Keel, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 45' 2 bdrm $3500. Special Units: 10'svide: 30' office models. CAROLINA MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Div. Guerdoo md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 40201. (For personnel & models produced see Guerdon md., Inc. individual listing.) BRANCH: Rockwell, Nc. 3532 CARPER IND. P. 0. Box 898. Jacksonville, Nc. 28540. Ph: AC 919-347- CRrm', Ade.rth,menf Appears Is Thh Issue MOntLE NOKE/IEcIEATIOIAL VEHICLE DEALER PAGENO="0123" OIlS. Is i)uSsIeSS since 1969. Liiidin C. Carper, pres.; RelIc C. Carper, g.s.m.; Waiter 11. Willard, g.m. & p.a. treason \ogel, pit. mgr.; Lewis M. Carter, sm. ,\loilel,s /)rodsce(l: 1 2'wide: 45' & 50' 2 bdrm $3695.$4095. CASTLE ENTERPRISES. INC. P.O. Box 8, Stryker, Oh. 43557. Ph: AC 419-682-3411. In lmsmess sinre 1935. A. M. Dosofrio, pres.; VT. D. Thomas, Jr., g.m.; Doyle Margrave, g.s.m.; Donald Beck, pa.; harry McVey, sm.; Larry Lundgren, pIt. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 60, & 65' 2.3 hdrm $879547995. CASTLE HOMES, INC. hwy. 11 \Vrst, Abingdon, Va. 24210. Ph: AC 703-628- 6021. In business since 1968. Harold E. Bose, pres.; A. L. Smeltzer, g.m. & pa. Models jiroduced: ~slohiile homes. CASTLE IND., INC. P.O. hiox 5187 - N. Cray & Loop 289, Lubbock, Tx. 79400. Pb: AC 81)6-765.8881. In business since 1969. \V. I). Rogers, pres. Models produced: ~slolele houses. (latest available information) CATELINA HOMES, 1NC. Shirley Ave., Douglas, Ga. 31533. Models ))rO(luce(l: ~slolnie homes. (latest available information) CAVALIER HOMES, INC. (Sssl,. Zimmer homes Corp.) Cordele Industrial Pk., Cordels', Ca. 31(115. Ph: AC 912-273-5320. In business since 1965. Pasil II. Zimmer, chm. bd.; Bernard T. Budd, Pres.: l)as'id 1). Curland, v.p.; Roger Williams, v.1). pur.; Fred II. McKaig, g.m.: Jim Fountain, dir. ohs.; Jim John- son, son.; l)esver Rikard, p.a. Models produced: ~ilOh)il5' homes. (See Zimmer homes Corp. listing.) CELEBRITY HOMES CORP. Jefferson, Ga. 30549. Ph: AC 404-367-5276. In business Sisc(' 1968. P. S. Nestor, Jr., pres.: W. J. Kaun, V.P. mktng.; C. T. Carloss, v.p. mfg. ,i!odel.s produced: 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm $4000.$4300; 60' 2.3 bdrm $4600- .85000. CELEBRITY HOMES, INC. E. Anderson, St., MrKinsey, Tx. 75069. Ph: AC 214-542- 1162. Is business since 1969. Gilbert L. Dial, pres. Slmlel.s pro(luce(l: ~siobiie homes. (latest available information) CELEBRITY HOMES, INC. 620 N. Iosva, P.O. Box 1185, Redlands, Ca. 92373. Ph: AC 714-793-2037. In business since 1969. A. B. Braswell, pres. & g.m.; \V. \V. \Valther, s.m.; Jerry Griffin, p.s.; C. I). I)orsev, pIt. mgr.; A. B. Kelley, pit. supt. 31o(lelc produced: 1 2wide: .1:)- 1 tslriu $53011; 60' 2.3 bdrm $6500. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 43' 2 bdrm $8700; (10' 2-3 bdrin $10,500. CENTRAL HOMES, INC. (Div. U. S. hd., Inc.) 237 22nd St., Creeley, Go, 806.31. Ph: AC 303-353.3533. Is business since 1965. Chas. Rymes. pres.; l)onald Nelson, pit. mgr.; Jas. Martin, sm.; Robt. Schroeder, pa.; Deirnar Schroeder, prod. mgr. Branch: Trenton, Mo. 64683, Tom Beacham, pit. mgr. 3Iodels 1)roduced: 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm $5000; 60' & 65' 2.3 hdrm $5000- $8000. 14'wide: 52' 2 bdrm $7500; 65' 2-4 hdrm $9500. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 43' 2.3 bdrm $9000: 53' 3 bdrm $10,000; 55' 4 hdrm $10,000; 60' 3 hdrm $11,- 500; 65' 3-4 hdrm $12,000. Special Units: Classrooms. * CHAMPION HOME BUILDERS CO. 5573 E. North St., Dryden, Mi. 48428. Ph: AC 313-798- 2206. In business sisce 1953. henry E. George, pres.; Jon. L. ?shrris, v.p. sin.; \\`m. Plumb, pa. BRANCHES: Lindsay, Ca. 83247, P.O. hbsx 429, Keith Conn, pit. mgr.; Ken Muse, sm.; Carl Quails, pa. Berthoud, Co. 80513, P.O. hiux 10, Marc Gattis, pit. mgc.: Bob Roper, pa.; EIIaviIIe, Ga. 31806, P.O. Box 5, Murray Ellis, pit. mgr.: Bruce lialiork, sm.; Sam Lee, p.o. Weiser, Id. 83672, 111)1) Scrvatins, pit. mgr.; Mike O'Shea, s.m.; R. W. Cushman, p.a. Ridgeville, In. 47380, P.O. hiox 57. Dryden. Mi. 48428, 5573 E. North St., Ray Greenman. pit. mgr.; Pani hlilliker, sm.; Gordon Jager, pa. York, Nb. 68467, P.O. hlox 525, Rex Obermier, plt. mgr.: 11)11 Mooney, sm.; Dsvaue Scisnec, pa. Lillington. Nc. 27546. P.O. lbs 1146, 61)1) Garrett, pit. ingc.: h)ick Cress, sos.; Dati Adcock, pa. Buffalo, Tx. 75831, P.O. hbox 459, Jim Witman, pit. mgr. Divisions: Claysburg. Pa. 16625, Atlantic Ihsnes Div., P.O. Box 256, 11)11 Laurent, P1~ mgr.; Jim Rescossin. sm.; Mike Ramsey, pa.; also Henry, Tn. 38231, P.O. Box 3507, LeRoy htaker, pit. mgr.; Kirk Bates, sm.; John Olive, pa. Oneco, Fl. 33558, Manatee Homes Div., P.O. Box 1238, itemian Lick, pit. mgr.: Tom Jensen. n.m.; Ken Bosvser, p.s.: also Commerce, Tx. 75428, P.O. Box 663. Chas. lieu, pit. mgr.; Terry Minor, sm.; Dale Trostt, pa. Weiser, Id. 83672, Tamarack llomes Div., P.O. Box 190. Joe LighE, pit. mgr.; John Engle, n.m.; I-henry Diener, p.a. Subsidiaries: Concord Mobile Homes, Inc. & Concord Mobile llomes, Inc., Titan Div. (See individual listing) 3! orlel.s produced: 1 2'wide: 50' 2 hdrm; 60' 2-3 hdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 42' & 50' 2.3 bdrm: 60' 3-4 bdrm. Special Units: ?sioduiar home 23i1' x 56' 3 hdrm (6cr. thoud, Co., Ridgevihie, In. & Weiser, Id. pits. only.) CHAPARELLE MOBILE HOMES, INC. Harkleburg, Al. 35564. Ph: AC 205-935.3111. In busi- ness since 1968. C. 11. Ssvindhe, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) 3533 L ~ ~ ~ CHARIOT MOBILE HOMES, INC. Rt. #2, White School Rd., Sturgis, Mi. 49091. Phi: A( 616.851.7861. in hoisiness since 1969. Ceo. M. Ungar. pres.: Jas. H. Vanderheck, g.m.; pit. mgr. & prosh. mgr.: Henry E. ilazeiwood, n.m. Models produced: 5Firm's Ad,ertisemenf Appears In This Issue nincle 349 d-l6 PAGENO="0124" L ~ 12'wfde: 60' 2 bdrm 57500.88000; 65' 3 bdrrn $8000. 81)005. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' & 7' x 12'. CHATEAU MFG. CO.. INC. (Sub. Puloron Corp.) Redmond Rd. & Main St., Jackson. viih', Ar. 72076. Ph: AC 501-982.3151, In business since 1965. Keith 0. Boaz, pres. & pIt. mgr.; Don Boshers, Sm,; I)an:m il Posvnaii, p.a.; Willard Brewer. pit. supt. .3/mid produced: l0'wide: 47' 2 hdrm $3970. 12'wide: 45' & 50' 2 bdrm 84150.54450; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdnn 85795-86395. CHEROKEE HOMES, INC. Box 216, Noel, Mo. 64854. Pit: 417-475.3121, In business since 1968. Guy E. Deatun, pres. ,3fodeis produced: Mobile tomes. (latest available information) CHICKASHA MOBILE HOMES, INC. P.O. Bus 4(15, llsvv. 81 N., Chickasha, Ok. 73018. Ph: AC 405.224.2456. In business since 1959. Stanley F. Raczvnski, pres.; Ronald Rarzvnski, g.m.; Don Blaviock, g.s.m.; liii) Lester, head pa.; Henry \\`ond, pIt. mgr. & pa.: Frank Moore, prod. mgr. BRANCHES: Vidalla, Ga. 30474, P.O. Box 585. Stanley Ilaczvnski. Jr., pit. mgr. & pa.; Billy Bugg, n.m. Waferfown, Sd. 57201, P.O. Box 3. Montv Perkins, pit. mgr. & pa.: Cull 0ose, n.m. lfode!.c produced: 12'wide: 46', 50' & 55' 2 hdrrn; (91' & 65' 2.3 hdrm. 14'wide: 55' 2 bdrm; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrmn. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 4(1' 2 bdrm: 50' & 55' 3 bdrm; 6(1' & 65'. CLASSIC MOBiLE HOMES, INC. 242A - Rt. ~4, Ft. Smith, Ar. 72901. Ph: AC 918436. 2401. In business since 1969. Gordon \V. Brackeen, pres. Mo(lels -produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) CLAY BUILDING SUPPLY, INC. 15 & 26 E/S Palmetto Ave., Green Cove Springs, Fl. 32043. Ph: AC 904.284.3787. tn business since 1969. harvey II. Robinson, pres. If or/el.: prorluccd: isloltil:* i:omnes. (latest available information) CLAYTON CRAFT, INC. Acre St., Gultenberg, Ia. 52052. Ph: AC 319.252-1526. in business since 1966. Ceo. Maine, pres., g.m. & pa.; Kenneth Neverman, sm. Models produced: - 8'wide: 35' 1-2 bdrm 83595.83995 CLEARFIELD HOMES, INC. P.O. Box 112, Wallacetosvn, Pa. 16876. Ph: AC 814-342- 04513. In business since 1968. Frank 0db, pces. .3! ode/s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) CLIFF (ND., INC. (Sub. Odyssey, Inc.) 1750 McNaughton, Elkhart, In. 411514. P1,: A(: 219.2(14-4126. In liusiriess si in' 19117. 0. II. Miller, Jr., pres. & g.m.; Jas. Meisteehrim, pa.; jas. Berry, pit. mgr.; Cordon Butler, prod. mgr. ,\lode'ls produced: Special Units: 8', 10' & 12'svide field & closing office CLINTON MFG. CORP. - Hsvv. ~ - P.O. Box 659, Clinton, La. 70722. Ph: AC 504:653.8322. in business since 1968. Frank Reedy, pres. `i/ode/s produced: Mobile I:omes. (latest available information) COASTAL TRAILER CORP. (Div. The Kirk Corp.) Allender Rd., White Marsh, Md. 21162. Ph; AC 301-335-5600. In business since 1960. L. S. Stanley, pees.; Jack Winter, sm.; Leonard Wiizel pa. .ll,:dels producer!: Special Units: Two-story, sec. housing & commercial models. COBURN IND., INC. - Box 160, Nashville, Nc. 27856. Ph: AC 919-459-2151. in business since 1965. B. A. McGilvary, pres.; D. L. Cramer, v.p.; Ceo. Nihart. Jr.. sm.: \V. B. McCilvarv. p.o.; Cecil Smith, prod. mgc. - .1! odd produced: 12'wide: 44' & 48' 2 bdrm 8.3695-83995; 52' 3 bdrm 84195: 56' & 60' 2-3 bdrm 84595-85295; 63' 3 bdrm 85795. Special Units: Classrooms & commercial models. COLONIAL COACH MFG., INC. (Sub. Cat:as'eral Intl. Corp.) 710(1 Biscayne Blvd., Miami, Fl. 33138. Ph: AC 31)5.759-2441. Iii business since 1969. Phillip Hynson, pres. Moe/cia producer!; )ulobile homes. (latest available information) COLUMBUS HOMES CORP. (Sub. Homes of America Corp.) P.O. Bus 5100, Hwy. 701 By-Pass, N., Whiteville, Nc. 28472. Ph: AC 919- - 642-7011. In business since 1968. Larry A. Carr, pres.; \\7 F. White, n.m.; B. T. Harss'uod, pa.; Kenneth F. - Fincannon, pit. mgr. Models produced: I2'wide: 45' 2 bdrm 83095-83145: 50' 2 hdnn $3790- 83865: 60' 2.3 bdrm 85390-85365. 3534 THE COMMODORE CORP. 8712 W. Dodge Rd., Suite 4000, Omaha, Nb. 68114. Ph: AC 402-393-5000. In business since 1952. Meyer Katzman, chm, bd.; Daniel Katzmau, pres.; Morley Zi- pursky, exec. v.p.; John W. King, sc. v.p. mktg.; Ray Isard, v.p. pur. Southern Division Office: P.O. Box 510, Haleyville, Al. 35565. J. C. Forman, exec. v.p.; Jerry W'ilson, v.p. mfg.; Don Lame, div. n.m. Western Division Office: 10636 Midsrav, Cerritos, Ca. 90701. Leonard Ferris, v.p-div. mgr.; Al Stephens, div. Divisions: Commodore Mobil-Homes, Inc., Commodore Mobile Homes Ltd. (Canada), Frontier Homes Corp., Guardian Mobile Homes, Safeway Mobile Homes, Shelby - Homes Corp., Vegas Mfg. (See individual listings.) `u/ode/a produced: 12', 14' & 24'svide units. KORILE HORE/RECREATIQKAL VEHICLE DEALER `Ffrm's Ademfl,,menf Appaers In This Issue d- 18 PAGENO="0125" 3535 CONTEMPORI MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Sub. `Williams Mobile Home Mfg. Co., inc.) P.O. lbs 827, Arlington, Tx. 76011. Ph: AC 817.272.9291. In busi- ness since 1956. Roht. W. Dailey, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest availalsle information) CONTESSA HOMES, INC. lisvy. 46, Clinton, Sc. 29325. Ph: AC 803.833-4200. In business since 1969. Ernest Barnes, pres. odrls produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) * CONTINENTAL MFG. CO.. INC. (Sub. Mine & Smelter Supply Co.) 999 Var i Buren Ave.. Loveland, Co. 80537. Ph: AC 303.667-6423. In business since 1962. \Vade Halvorson, pres.; Jas. P. Wolfe, g.m.: llarold Nelson, sm.: Don Simpson. p.a.; Keith Bogert, prod. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 64' 2 bdrm $8500.$9800. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 44' & 56' 2-3 l)drm $9000. $15,000; 64' 3.4 bdrm $11,000.$18,000. Special Units: Classrooms, commercial & modular hosts. ing units. CONTINENTAL UNITS CORP. 301. Rt. 10, Box D, Whippany. Nj. 07981. Ph: AC 201- 887-8400. In business since 1964. Ceo. H. Matthews. pres.; Steve Zmenski, g.m.; Richard Matthews, pa.: Stan Harris, n.m. lilodels produced: Special Units: Relocatable homes, sec. housing, tsvo- story, commercial & custom models. CRAFTMADE HOMES. INC. P.O. Box 364, Ashburn Hwy., Sylvester, Ga. 31791. Ph: AC 912-776.3466. In business since 1965. R. V. Powers, pres.; C. R. Conley, g.m.; Macy L. Folmar, n.m.; Hoke \Vihhiams, p.a. Itfodels produced: 12'wide: 55' & 60' 2 bdron $5000.$5250; 65' & 70' 3 lndrm $5850.$6200. Special Units: Commercial & apartment models. CRAFTMADE HOMES OF TEXAS. INC. 1609 Industrial Dr., Henderson, Tx. 75652. Ph: AC 214- 657-6571. In business since 1968. C. Leroy Cooper, pres.; John W. Lowe, g.m.; A. Burke Green, n.m.; DeWayne Taylor, p.a.; R. Neal Spencer, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm $6500: 65' 3 bdrm $7100. CRAFTWOOD COACH CO. RFD1, Norman Park, Ca. 31771. Models produced; Mobile homes. (no information submitted) CRESTLINE, INC. industrial Air Center, Rossvell, N.M. 88201. Ph: AC 505- 347-5468. In business since 1968. Models produced; Mobile homes. (latest available information) * CRESTWOOD MOBILE HOMES. INC. P.O. Box 486, Berwick, Pa. 18603. Ph: AC 717-784. 8620. In business since 1969. Chas. Bobbins, pros. ,`tfodel.s produced; Mobile homes. (latest available informatissn) ~Ofroo,'s Adeee+;see,ent Appears In Thh Issue MOBILE HOME/RECREATIONAL VEHICLE DEALER [ ~tiiE1ft.1~llIt.~Ji' ~.t~1iili~ ~it~1ai.~i, COMMODORE MOBILE.HOMES, INC. (The Cornnsmlore Corp.) 8712 \V. Dodge Rd., Suite 4000, Oh:, Nb. (18114. Phi: AC 402.393.5000. In bnsi. tress si icr' 11)52. Meyer Katzman, christ. bd.: Darsiel Katz. rn:ssr, pres.; Mrrrley Zipursky. exec. v.1).: julio \V. King. sr. `P nsktg.: has' Isard. ~.p pr BRANCHES: Hamilton, Al. 35570, P.O. Itox 8, Phi: AC 2)15.921-2141, Door West. pit. mgr.: C. \V. Bradley. sm.: Don Itolton, pa. Danville, Va. 24541, P.O. Box 300, Ph: AC 703.793.8811, Dick Coba, pit. mgr.; Jesse Felts, son.; Chas. Boyster, pa. Falls City. Nb. 68355, Phi: AC 402.245.2491, huh Curren, pit. mgr.; Dave May. son.; Cars Ramer, P Corsicana. Tx. 75110, Hwy. 31 E., Phi: AC 214.872.2501, huh French, plt. mgr.; Pat Seymour. n.m.; Tons Darhy, p.a. :lIo(lelS produced: hI'. 1.1 & 24'svide sssodehs. COMMUNITY HOMES. INC. P.O. htox 45, Bethiewh:s, Ohs. 43719. Pit: AC 614.484- 4311. In hmsiness since 1967. Nick Dobrich, pres. Mod,'l.s produced: 12'wide: 52' 2.3 bdrm: 60' & 64' 2-4 h)drm. *CONCORD MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Stilt. Chianspton home Iboilders Co.) P.O. Box 482, Elk. tart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219.293.6581. In business since 1959. llenry George, pres.; Hosvard Brandt, g.m.; Jas. \Vitm:sn, sm.; Chester Bahcom, pa.: Marlin King. pit. mgr. BRANCH: Lake City. Fl. 32055, P.O. Box 887, Bill Pas'ne, pit. mgr.; Ed Demihie, n.m.; Jas. Croft, p.s. 3lO(lelS produced; 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2.3 bdrm. * CONCORD MOBILE HOMES. INC., TITAN DIV. (Stun. Champion Home Builders Co.) P.O.Box 96, Elk- hart, hut. 46514. henry George, pres.; Dick Schihtz, pit. engr.: H. A. Kifoseit, sm.; R. E. Summers, p.s. Sfo(lel.s prodticed: 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2.3 bdrm. CONJURE, INC. P.O. Box 503, hwy. 584, Oldsmar, Fl. 33557. Ph; AC 813-855-1334. In business since 1969. Chas. Nelson, pres.; Jim Stihhson, sm,; Jan. Freeder, g.m.; Edw. Fenal, pa.; Floyd llcChatn, pit. mgr. Models irorliceel; 12'wide: 32' & 36' 1 bdrm $3495.$3995. Expandable Rooms: 8', 10' or 12'svhle: 16'.48' indoos. famils' rot or b:stb comb. $1895.$3500. Special Units: Commercial models. CONNER HOMES CORP. P.O. Box 520, Hwy. #70 E. By.pasx, Nesvport, Nc. 2857lt. Ph: AC 919-223-8861. In business since 1964. Wallace J, Conner, pres.; Fios'd A. Green, g.m. & head p.a.; S. T. Vtck, g.s.m.; Keithi S. Mason, sm.; Reginald W. Adams, pit. mgr.; Lenvis L. Edwards, p.a.; Philhip E. Monteith, prod. mgr. Branch: Macon, Ga. 31203, P.O. Box 2504, 7702 In. dustrial 1-hsvy., Nusrris E. Day. pit. mgr.; Larry Cosvher. n.m.; Calvin B. Chark, P.S. 3!odt'l.s produced: 12'wide: 40', 42', 48' & 52' 2 hdrm; 80' & 64' 2.3 bdrm. d - 20 PAGENO="0126" CYPRESS HOMES CORP. Itftt'IHt w1J11ld!li~~ ~i ~ 1~ ~ h~3I~ 8(1 88 1 ll~ - D.ttttt'i I.. 88111(15. Itres. Iltialtl I'. Simon. sm.; Steve' CRIMSON HOMES. INC. Alt'sande'r, pa.: Edd iiirclteat. pit. mgi. I)iv.Witut,:u md.. Inc.) P.O. tins 187. t):tnlile Springs. 12wide: 48,52' & KY 1.3 ittlrtii 84495-855(1(1: 64' 1-4 (i. .(o.j~.t. I it: At. ~-480-o 161. Itt lmsiiiess since 1965. lidrin 86000.86500 1'.tul \\tnn 11 arm. pres.: ( tirtis l)oiialds:tii, Sr., gin.; Jerry ll:isvi'li 1.10.: lraiik I 1:iiiler_ Jr.. pa.: Bui1~ (Vilsoti. pit. pro(lut~cil: D 2'wide: 52'. 60' & ((5' :2-3 lnlrin S 17()0-$6095. CRISP MFG. (40-I C~ij Beach liii.. \Vilntiitgtott. Xc. 28401. Pit 1) I9.76:t.((3S. 1 itticitti'ss siitce 1955. R. E. Crisp, 31t)ilels ~tn:t laced: Sitibile' lt::ttti'c. (latest avaiiai)It' ittlorniatitin CROSS HILL MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Sub. ~i tin icr ll:-tt:'s (tip.) tlsvv. ~72 S., Clinton, Sc. 29:325. l'l AC'. S0:t-S33-3151 - I liitsittess sitce 1964. Patti II. Zitntitt'r, chin. liii.: Iteritard T. Ititcld, pres.; David it. Cttrl,tttd. v.p.; Huger \\ilitants. v.p. pur.; Fred H. SicKaig. gilt.; James t)avis, sit:.: Chits. R. Register, pa. ,`dttt!t'lx jtcttt hteed: Stttitilt' I t~itit's. (See Zitnmer homes Corp. lIstiitg.) *CROSSLAND HOMES (Stilt. \itttlait' Corp.) 615 Davis St., Crossviile, Tn. 38535. Pit: AC 615-484-5183. Iii bttsiitess sittce 1958. Ben Fiti' Ie~. pit. itigr.; Slterhev \8'vatt, pa. ,`tIttd~/s jtcttilttcetl: ~2'wide: 61' 2 htdrrn. Doublewide Units: 24'svitle: 48' 2 Ixirm: 57' .3 ltdcm. CROWN. INC. Crtss St., P.O. tins 98. itristitl, Ct. (16011). Pit: AC 203- 5S4.t)931. lit litisittess siitce 1966. Karl j. Srhsvartz, pies. .\!tttltls (trttt!itct'(!: Special Units: Cniiiiiiercitl ( itti iitftirtnat(itit submitted) CROYDON HOMES CORP. ltttx 61(t, Stiddieburv, lii. 46540. PIt: AC 219.825-2182. lii 1 t:tsitt ess since 1969. Russell S. \Variter, pies. & g.m.: Cltas. It. Folger. s.m.; Lester Stiller, pa.; Jas. Sherer, pit. mgi. ,tfttdcls jtrodiiccd: 12'wide: 60' & ((5' 2-3 iidnn .87500-87800: 70' 2-1 ltdim 882(10. * CULLIP IND.. INC. (SuIt. TIte Stitliatid Cii.) ittix 366, Eii:tviile, Ga. 31806. PIt: AC 912-937-2421. lii liitsiitess siitce 1964. Cecil Cati. li1i, pies.; Itoh, Jitites, g.m.; hub Watsttn, pit. mgr.; Bill Punier, sin.; Jintmv Pltillips, pa.; Beittlev Thetis. prod. M~dcls produced: 12'wide: 38' 1 ltdrutt: 43' & 50' 1.2 hdrm; 60' & 65' 2.3 itdcm. THE CUSTOM COACH CO. 8332 Ptulaski hisvs'., llaltimnre, Md. 21237. Ph: AC 301- 667.7200. in busittess since 1949. Richard A. Albright. sri's.; jas. E. (`.aiinttuu. sm.; Richard T. Albright, g.m. & ia.: l)itttathd A. Ahbright, pit. mgr. & pit. Stipt. .ilittlt'Is 1irti(!itC('th Special Unit's: Cttmmerci;tl & ciistttm mtdeis. ftt'm's Adnet-+(,euuueuu( Appetus It TIuS tunic * DMH CORP. 1517 Virgittia St., St. Liiitis, Mi. 4888)). Plt: AC 517-681- 2111. Itt littsini'ss sitici' 1954. St. I. I littchtiutsnut, pies. & lit1.; C. It. Lttc:ts, exec. v.1s.: . F. Trash. exec. v.p.; j. II. l(icit:trths. exec. \.p. Divisions: Antenicaut Cixcit (~t. 8 1)etrttiter Sitihiile I ltottts, Iitc. (See iitulisithiial listitigs. .\!udcls /trttdtttt'(!: 10'wide: 4t)' 2 ltthrin. 12'wide: 4))' 8 44' 2 ludruti: 56'. 60', 64' & 6.8' 2-3 hiclcm. Daublewide Units: 24'svitle: 5.8' 3 t:tirm. DAVENPORT MOBILE HOMES MEG.. INC. 540 Seittinnie ltivd., Largtt. Fl. 3354)). Pit: AC 81.3-584- 1254. ~ litisiness sitice 1964. Al I):tsu'itpttrt. ties.; jititit D:tvi'ttpnrt. g.m.; Doug l);tveitp:trt. s.nt.; D:tvi' Ye:tstiitg. isa.; \Vavi itt Nelsott, pit. nsgr. & pit. stipt. ,\!ttdil.t /trus(litcr(1: `I 2'wide: 4))' & 45' 1 htclriiu .86(t0tt.S651(t): St) 2 lidriti S7tOt;t. Doublewide Units: 2t)'svtde: 4))', 44' & 46' 2 httlrm 61(1.11(13.81 1.000. Special Units: tt'svide relticataltle httitises. DEBONAIRE MOBILE HOMES. INC. 31(14 \V. itroadsvav, West Sleinphtis. Ar. 72301. PIt: AC 561-735.6647. In business siit ce 1967. J. C. t):nilev. pies. ,Sfudt'it jtcodutct'd: \Itultilt' lt::mes. (latest asailahuit' iutfttruiuatititt DELTA COACHES, INC. Rte. 1, Box 152E, Sitinrtte, La. 71201. Ph: AC 318-387- 524)). lit luutsittess since 1969. B. W. Morris, ~ ,Slothls Jtcodiucc(!: Shtiuiie busses. (latest avaii:tttte ittfttmt:ttion) * DELTA HOMES CORP. P.O. l(ttx 6)16. Cittutttv Rd. ~3. Elkhtart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 2t9.523-t)337. lit lutisiress sitice 1966. B. U. ileutrik. Seii, Jr., pies.; j:ts. Iieattv, g.m. ,tft:dc!.c jtr(tditr('d: 12'wide: 56-68' 1-4 hidrm. Expandable Rooms: Tx 12' Ex-Teut'I)ti roonu. Special Units: Citstt:m mttchehs. DeLUXE HOMES, INC. - 9th & Oak, Ilersvick. Pa. 1861)3. Ph: AC 717.752-5914. Iii bnsittess sittce 1965. Donald E. Steske, pres. & g.m.; Kenneth L. ScItick, 5.05.: Dottaltl E. Thttmas. Itead pa.; Clias. Zek:ts, pit. ungr.; Jas. Ctpni;ttti. 1)1. Branch: Quincy, Mi. 49082, E. Chicago Rd., I)ox 115. jas. Thieh, pit. uuugr.; lieu Cltapmauu, sm.; Rutnald Sir- Cormick, p.a. .`lfuidt'/s ,tcnt!uueed: Doublewide Units: 24'svidu': 40', 44' & 48' 2.~t (`liii: 52' & 56' 3-4 hudnis; 60' & 64' 4-5 hichrm. 3536 d .22 MOCtLE HtNE'RECCEATItNCt. VEHiCLE DEALER PAGENO="0127" *DEROSE ND., INC. -1(052 \Ieadosvs Dr., Suite 116, Indianapolis, In. 46205. i'li: AC 317.5 l5~6tl5. hr 1)usiness since 1946. Robt. A. Detluse, pres.; Bichard D. Bennett, dir. pur. BRANCHES: Bainbridge, Ga. 31717, P.O. Box 576, C. II. hale, g.m.; J. Fuzzell,, sm.; N. R. Angle. p.a. Knightstown, In. 46148, Elmer Richards, sm.; Pal Nor- ris. pa. Cassopolis, Mi. 49031, 200 N. Michigan, P.O. Box 97, K. Clover, g.m.; Ad Seekins, sm.; RD Tlsisnlar, p~ Chambersburg, Pa. 17201, P.O. Drasver "K", Elmer Eger, g.m.; Neil Bechtel, s.m. Gunther Worth, pa. Bonham, Tx. 75148, P.O. Drawer "C", Leonard E. Rile~, g.m.; l'ed II. Cope. sm.; J. Lipscomb, p.a. linde/s produced: 12'wide: 44' 1-2 hdrm; 50' & 60' 1-3 bdrm; 64' 1-4 1 4'wide: 72' 1-4 bdrm. (Bonliam plant only.) Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 44' 2 hdrm. Special Units: Classrooms, 60' x 12' sectional housing (Kniglilstosvn), commercial & custom models. DESIGN HOMES CORP. 6075 Roswell Rd., N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30328. Ph: AC 404-252.63S9. In business since 1968. R. P. WokI. pres.: M. P. Reed, v.p. mfg.; J. J. Moss, v.p. mktng. Branch: Rome, Ga. 30161, Old Lindale Rd. itIo(lClS Produced: 12'wide: /rlssbile homes. DETROITER MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Div. DM11 Corp.) (For personnel & models produced see D/slIl Corp. individual listing.) Branches: Albany, Ga. 31702, 600 Mock Rd., Box 363. Ph: AC 912-432-9361. Hutchinson, Ks. 67501, 400 S. Ilalstead St. Ph: AC 316-663-9101. Alma, Mi. 48801, 903 Michigan Ave. Ph: AC 517-463-3101, Red Lake Falls, Mn. 56750. 100 Third St. Ph: AC 218-253-2715.. Schuylkill Haven, Pa. 17972, 1008 Pennsylvania Hwy. 61. Ph: AC 717-385-1660. DEVOEIND.,INC. Box #39, Augusta, Ks, 77101. Ph: AC 316-SP5-6391. In business since 1969. De Voe Treadwell, pres. Models produced: Mobile lsssmes. (latest available information) DIPLOMAT HOMES, INC. Rt. 2, Box 132, Noel, Mo. 64854. Ph; AC 417-475-3121. In business since 1966. Guy E. Deaton, pres.; Lew Rich- ardson, g.m.; Joe Fischer, n.m.; Buddy Peck, pa.; Frank Cory, prod. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 44' & 50' 2 bdrm $3995-$4295; 56', 60', 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm $4695-$5995. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 41' & 56' 3 bdrm $7995. $9995; 60' 3.4 bdsm $11,000. Special Units: Classrooms, commercial & motel models. DIVERSIFIED SY'RUCTURES, INC. Hsvy. 58, \V., Box 497, Lawrenceville, Va. 23868. Ph: AC 703-848-2105. In bus/ness since 1969. Jan. W. Wil. cox, pres.; E. B. Moody, p.a.; A. B. Kennedy, v.p. & prod. mgr. Models produced: Special Units: Cust,srn nsodel classrooms, rm'l,,s:st:sblr' homes, si's'. housing & commercial. DOLAN CORP. 431 ltsssstsvell Rd., Lake Worth, Fl. 33460. Ph: AC 305~ 585.0011. Irs business since 1963. Arvin K. Lin, pres., g.m. & p.a.; 0. Rs:dberg, s.m.; II. Ilaylett, P.S. lInde/s produced: Mobile homes. DON.A.BELL HOMES, INC. 203 Sixspan Rd. South, Elklsart, Irs. 46514. Ph: AC 219. 524-0710. Irs business sirsce 1956. Lester Bell, pres. :`SI(olels produced: Mobile Ironies. (latest available information) DOUGLAS HOMES. INC. P. 0. Box 228, 513 5. Caskins Ave., Douglas, Ga. 31533. Ph: AC 912-384-1222. Irs tssssissess since 1963. Winfred E. Sssutlser, pres. 11 odds produced: Mobile homes. (latest availalsle information) DUAL.WIDE, INC. (Sub. Pacific American Insd.) (501 E. Wooley Rd.. Ox- nard, Ca. 93030. Phi; AC 805-483-2428. Irs business since 1959. Jerry Baer, pres.; Jim Adan, s.m.; harry McCuIIy, pIt. mgr.; Carl Qnalls, p.a. If ode/s produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm $7560. Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 50', 57', & 60' 2 lsdrm $12.- 933-$14,399. 24'svide: 57' & 60' 2 bdrm $14,896-$17,896. Special Units: Relocatable homes, classroom, comnner- cial, motel & custom models. DVORAK BROS. TRAILER WKS. 2107 Pecan Dale Dr., Arlington, Tx. 76010. Ph: AC 817- CR5.2227. In business since 1960. J. E. Dvorak, pres. Models produced: /vlobile homes. E E&EMFG.CO. P.O. Box 135, Moore, Ok. 73060. Ph: AC 405-794-6000. In business since 1967. j. L. Elliott, pres. & n.m.; Ver- non M. Scott, g.m. & p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 50' & 54' 2 hdrm; 60' 2 & 3 hdrm. ECON'O'LINE HOMES, INC. Rogersville, Al. 35565. Ph; AC 205.486-5259. In business since 1969. Jas. Weeks, pres. Models produced: Mobile Isomes. (latest available insfornnation) 3537 [ ~ ~i~iiii~ EDGETOWN HOMES, INC. 15 Industrial Ave., Wellington, Ks. 67152. Ph: AC 316- 326-2216. In business since 1965. Fred C. Weir, pres. & g.m.; Doyal Kinyon, sm.; Darrel McGee, pit. mgr.; Ernie Howell, p.a.; Orville Munsson, pit. supt. Models produced: 8'wide: 35' 1 & 2 bdrm $3600-$3700. eFirm's Advertisement Appears In This Issue NOBILE HOME/RECREATIONAL YEHtCLE DEALER d -24 PAGENO="0128" 3538 * ELCONA HOMES CORP. 22)11) ~sIiddh1uirv St., P.O. Box 520, Elkhart. In. 46514. I'S: AC 2 I(L522-8339. III business since 1957. \V. A. P1 jet', )u's.: B. P. ~sI v(r, t'xcc. v.p.; C. I. Price. v.p. S g.m.; ( . V. St over, 5J~ oft-site upecs: 1,. A. \~eu1ner, Slot. p.:). Branch: Valdosfa, Ga. 31601 * 7111) Industrial Blvd., Ivh Osl torn-, gin.: (:`riId Pcrrou, sm. .titshis j,rodurrd: 1 2'wide: 52' 2 inlrtit: (10' 2 & 3 1)11110: 65' 3 lulrm. ELDER TRAILER & BODY. INC. 483(1 Itace St.. l)cuvcr. Co. 50216. P1 :AC3))3.292-480J. lii lnisim'ss silas' 19-15. 1-orrest E. \IcGratli, pres. `th~h1s j,codsr(d: \Iohih' bum's. fittest available mimfornmation) ELK RIVER HOMES. INC. 111. 1, Southwest (3tv, \I. (i-1S6:t. P1: AC 417-762-3276. lii business sinr-e I 9)S. J. II. \Veersiug. pres.; Jack Timomp- Son, g.m. 8 pIt. nsgr.: 1~. I). llavt's, sum.; Neal Slandrell, pa.: honey ltrosvmming_ prod. mgr. prmimhtced: 12'wide: 45' 1-2 inirm. 55' 2 Mon. ELKHART MANUFACTURES. INC. 2242 E. \Vasliington St., Pliseim ix, Az. 55)134. Pit: AC (1)2-252.8837. In lmsiimm'ss sttmcm' 1964 Llssd Tucker. pres. & g.m.: Li-c Larson. sum.: lIon I loll, p.o.: \Varreim Tucker, pit. nm2r.: Cm-u. Kmmnno 11. pnmd. mgr. 1hslrl.s prom hired: 12'wide: 53', 55' & 57' 1 lidrio $70004770)): 60', 62' 8 (B' 1-2 Immlrni 58150-5975)). 14'wide: 6))' 1 Inlrm 89700; 65' & 70' 1-2 bdrm 510,- 2)10.511 Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 53', 60' & 65' 2 bulrm $16,- too-S 1.8.1)1)0. Special Units: Coinniercial & custoni models. * ELLIOTT MOBILE HOME MFG. CO., INC. lIoc 25, Moore, Ok. 73)16)). P1): AC 405-155-5616. lumsium'sx 5)11CC 1965. j. Ellimitt. pu's. .`tfmimlmls jmrodttced: 10'wide: 50' 2 Iidrni.; 56' 3 bmdrm. 12'wide: 50', 52', 55' & 56' 2 bdmi.; 6))'. 64 & 65 2-3 lidrni. I.mtcst available informatioo) * EMBASSY MOBILE HOMES (I)iv. Cuerdoim hid., Inc.) P.O. l3ox 1259, Louisville, K~. 4021)1. (For persooltel & models produced see Cuerdon liul.. Inc. individual listing.) BRANCHES: Alexander City, Al.; Boise, Id. EMPRESS HOMES, INC. (SimS. AAI)C() hid.. lime.) Kiiiards, Sc. 29355. Ph: AC 81)3.697-6796. 3m liustimess since 1967. Norman F. Piml- 11am. cm's.; Philip L. liamby, gm.; Eddy Madden, g.s.ni.: `this. II. \Voinble. 1)_a.; Jus. K. Cr:mig. pit mgr.: Bonnie Ilitrt mu, sm. Divisions: Coiiimtess llomc's & Nesv England Homes, Jii' anon, Sc. 29351. .\f 0(1(15 producer!: 1 2'wide: Lengths to 65' 2-3 bdm $5000-$S000. ENTERPRISE MOBILE HOMES. INC. P. 0. Box 11, Landis, Nc. 281108. Ph: AC 7113-857-8014. In business since 1968. D. L. Thompson. pm's. it! cmde!s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) EVERGLADES DIV. J. I). \I.mimlv ( ons) iom-ti:'n Co.. Inc.) 142)) Simnmter, P.O. Box (ill), Lt'estuicg. II. 32748. Pit: AC 9t)4-757-2545- itt lmnsincss sims' I ))-h7. \\ahlm'r I.. Manly, pet's. 3!otlih ;mrmt(hmlm(/: \lotlilm' I (sImm's. ( latm'st avoImhlm' mldmlciimmtimilm EXECUTIVE HOMES, INC. file I - P. 0. lltmx 35-A, l'ium'vilie, Mo. 64856. Pit: AC 417.22(1.4511 - lIm blmsilmm'ss silmce 1969. lIen B. Spcilmg' Models jicmslueed: )slubilm' Itoum es I balms) ,mvaibalmlt' inlmmcniatllmli) F FACTORY HOMES CORP. :t(t63 limmlustci:ml P:mrk Rd., \;mu Ihmmen. Ar. 72956. Pb: AC .3)11 .-)74-:349b. Iii lmlmsittm'ss silmct' 1960. J;mck \V. Li'atlmer- mali. pu's & gil): lliclm:mrd II. Cl;mrk, sill: Fc;mmmk 8\'ebmbi, hlolit \\ S)atm'c. lilt. nmgc: P01mb lti'cmtbm;mnilt, iibt. slmlit: Ilolit Krmtz_ wi nigc. .\fmldtl.v )tvo(!ucmtl: 1 2'wide: 52' 2 limb rot-. 60' 2-3 Iubclli:-)iM' -I lslcmmm Doublewide Units: 2-b'wimlm': 44' & 52' 3 bml ml: 6))' 4 FALCON COACH CO. - \Vm'st ntc 1 .Amlmhiti:ilt, ( rm':m t l)m'mmm I, Ks. 675,)t) Pit: AC 116- 792-2546. lIm limmcinm'ss Sill))' 1965. \`irgil 0. St:mimdisbm, lines: lIit)tt. 1,: II mi-mm I mtm, simm.: I)nrsev I) l):mkm'r, gum.: t.t-st'tm \Vimll_ pam.: Ilmilit I) \Vmst ttsi'r, prmlml. imigr. 3lmmmlm/s /)rO(lll(lm!: 12'wide: 44' 1-2 bsbrllm 5:1495-83595: 52' 2 )mtlcui 51995- S475)t; (ii)' 2.:) IllIcit 54233-55250 Doublewide Units~ 24'svimle: 4' 2-3 bidnum 57995-85995: 49' & 57' 1 bmtbrmn 5891)5-Si 1,0)1))). FARMINGTON HOMES. INC. 11:))) \Visslh:msvmm, P.O. Btmx 1346. EikIm:mrt, 111. 46514. Phi: AC 2t9-264-7822. tim bllmsiuess simtce 1966 mmliii Ahmlmtmtt. pres: \I:mrsiit \\`rightt. sm & gill: Adl:mi \tilli'c, pIt. immgc.: In Il:mrmimt P1 i'll (I, pam 3itmth/s )tcmlt!lmr('(!: 10'wide: 35' & 46' 1-2 btdrm 12'wide: .35' & 52' 2 11dm): 42' & 46' 2-3 limbrm; ((0)' 8 65' 1-3 11(1011 Doublewide Units: 24'svidi': St). 6))' & 65' n'l:tssrmmmmlmms & cmst~~~tm'rcial inmodels. FAWN CORP. (I)is. Monarcbm 11111.. Inc.) l)mmx 157 lt:d. Bin'. 9 N., I loose. 111 76746 Ph: AC 219-562-2511. hIm htmsiness sitmce 1966 I) L. lb:trt, pces.: W':ivile Chmristimer, g.m.; 111th Frielttb. st~m: hliclnmrd I)rmtsstl, l)im 2!tmdmls Jmctldurm'd: 1 2'wide: 5))' & 52' 1-2 ialmmmm: 6))' & 65' 2-3 bahmni Expandable Rooms: 4' x it)' & 4' x 12' tip-mill) mill I2'- ssi15': 5)0' & 6(1'; 8' x 12' rmmll-mmii) lilt 1 2'cvithe: 65'. * FESTIVAL HOMES. INC. (SuIt. Fleetsvtmttd Eimterprises, Inc.) 3196 Myers Si., P.O Box 7638, Bisemside, Ca. 92503. Ph: AC 714-687-0303 In busiltess since 1950. JulmIl C. Creaim, pu's.: Daim Stretch, x'.p. oper.; Cordolm B. Ctilhius, dir. mkhg.; Bill Dm11111, dir. mfg. semx'ices. Subsidiaries: Romoland, Ca. 92370, P.O lbtmx 87S (Perris), 27126 Watson Rd., Ph: AC 714-657-2177, Ruth L:t\Illltk, Pu nigr. .\foth1s )lrodllced: Doublewide Units: 24'xvide: 44'~60' 2.3 ltdrm. Flnn's Adi'erlisement Appeets In This Issue etnttt Htet/nEceEATttuAL vrsictt suette d ~26 PAGENO="0129" FISCHER MOBILE HOMES 555 - Testli Ave., Safety lIarl)or, 11. 33572. Ph: AC 81:3.726.3515. In l)uSiness since 1965. Melvin 0. Fis- \hale!s 1r;luc(d: iSiol)il(' Issues. (latest available information FLAIRE MFG. CO. 1315 \V. I litist Blvd., hurst, Tx. 76053. Ph: AC 817- 281-7680. E. B. I)aiiey, oWner; J. F. Washburn, pit. supt. 3IothIs 1irotluceil: 8'wide: :10.40', Special Units: 10' & I 2'wide custom models. FLAMINGO HOMES l)iv. ltedmau hid., Inc.) (For corporate address & pt'is~tutt'i Set' liedinan Imi.. Inc.) PLANT: Gardena, Ca. 90247, 777 \V. l9(ttli St. 31o(!('Is jtrothzct'il: Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'wide: 48'-60' 1-3 bdrm. * FLEETWOOD ENTERPRISES, INC. 3196 Nlvers St., P.O. htox 7638, Riverside, Ca. 92503. Pit: AC 7l4-687-t)3((3. In boxiness since 1950. John C. Crean. )~,s; l)an Stretch, v.p. opec.; Cordon R. Collins, dir. niktg.; till l)alliii, dir. nsfg. services. Subsidiaries: Itarrington homes, Inc., Broadmnore homes, liii'.. l'estical Ilontes, hit'., Fleetsvosd homes, Inc. (See iiidis'iiioal listings.) * FLEETWOOD HOMES, INC. (Sob. F(e('tWood Enterprises, Inc.) 3196 Myers St., P.O. Itox 7638, Riverside, Ca. 9251(3. PIt: AC 714-687-0303. lii l)(15i(ieS5 since 195(1. joint C. Crean, pres.; Dan Stretch, v.p. ops'r.; Cordon B. Collins, dir. nsktg.; Bill I)aIiiti. dir. nfg. S('(S'(d'('S. Subsidiaries: Riverside, Ca. 92503, P.O. Itox 4(138, 7(1(17 Europa Ave., Ph: AC 714-6885353, Dos NicCord, ~ nigr. Woodland, Ca. 95695, P.O. Itox 13(18, 225 Mt m 11(1., l'li: AC 91 1(.~p(2.:(223 Jon Nord, sit. mgr. Douglas, Ga. 31533, P.O. hiox 272, Ph: AC 912-384- 11.17, Nlorrie Egan, lilt. mgc. Nampa, Id. 83651, 112 Industrial Rd., I'li: AC 2(18.466.2438, Alien Ackroyd, pit. mgr. Macomb, II. 61455, P.O. Box 568, 730 Rosver lId.. Ph: AC 311l)-833.55(t2, Jins Rislgers, pit. mgr. Lex- ington, Ms. 39095, P.O. Itox 0, (((1) Fleetsvoocl Circle, Ph: A( 601-834-1(1(15, joel Smith, pit. mgr. Cresfline, Oh. 44827. P.O. I(ox 188, 825 W. Livingslose Ave., Pit: AC 419.683.31(0(1, Joel Van \Vesterhuvzen, pit: mgr. Carbondale, Pa. 18407, P.O. Box 515, 15 Fleetsvood ltd., Ph: AC 717-282.1)11)0, Veil Ness'some, pit. mgr. Westmoreland, Tn,, P.O. I(ox 60(1, Fleetwood Dr. at Ilasckius St., Itoh Miller, pit. mgr. Waco, Tx. 76703, P.O. Ilox 149, 2901 B. Industrial Rd., PIt: AC 817-799- 2-133, Cliff Iireitsveg, pit. mgr. Rocky Mount, Va. 24151, P.O. Ilox 111(1, hlsvy. 40W., FRD4, Pit: AC 703. 783-5171, 1mb Iloiiects, pit. mgr. A/is/i/s produced: 12'wide: 4(1' 1 iiilrmn; 48' 2 Isdrm; 52' 1-2 bdrm; 56' bum; 110' & 64' 2-4 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 44'-tlO' 2-3 bdrm. (some plants) Expandable Rooms: 8' x 11' & 8' x 13' expando Is'g. FONTANA HOMES (Div. Winston limO., Inc.) Rte. 1, Box 85W, Pinevihie, La. 71360, Paul Woodberry, pres.; Horaee Sholar, pIt. mgr.; Firm's Adv.rtisemsnf App.ans In This Inn. d-30 FOREMOST MFG. CO. (Div. Lane Wood Intl., Inc.) 170(1 Shady Oaks l)r., I)emm- ton, Tx. 76201. PIt: AC 817-382.9663. Iii business sitice 11)61. C. P. Almerg, pres.: Mirltael Fimslay, gm.; J. C. Bolt- i(i5(iii, 1alt. mmtgr.; Mike Badolato, sm.; W. j. Cordie, pa.: 1(111 `tracy, pci. tngr. Mode/s jirodsi'~'d: 12'wide: 6(1' 2 lidrtts $112115; 65' 2-3 iidittt $6995; 70' 3 liiiitn $71315. FOREMOST MOBILE HOMES MFG. CO. Shady Oaks I)r., P. 0. Itox 430, Dentott, Tx. 762(11, Pit: AC 817.382.3(663 Iii ltitsiiiess since 1959. B. /~ii- rest Lvticli, chin. liii. & sri's. .3/itt/i/s priidstci'd: Nlolmilt' imooses. (latest as'aiiaiile information) - FORTUNE HOMES CORP. (Sttli. `hue I)elloiia Corp.) 1361 Ccittmity Litte Rd., Sara- siit;t, Fl. 33581). Pit: AC 813.355-7676. In bttsinesssimtee 13)61. Satit h)ee, pres.; Mark South, s-tn.; Joe Capdarest, pa.; Maurice Smith, dir. ntfg. A/itt/c/s /irii(/itCi'(/: 12'wide: All icngths. Doublewide Units: 2))' & 24'ss'ide: All leiigtlts. FOUNTAIN MOBILE HOME CO., INC. 2114 Atriscit, N.\V., A(ltmtijmteri1tic, N. NI. 87105. Itt itiisitit'ss siiice 1969. Clxix. B. Freeman, pres. A/tv/i/s proditccd: Nhiiltile iionses. (latest avaiiaitie infmmrtnation FRANKLIN HOMES, INC. Rt. 3, Ritsselis'iiie, Al. 35653. Pit: AC 2tt5.:(32.45l0. lit imitsiness sitice 1969. Jerry James, pres.; Dititgias Ctnmnin, pa; Jitntny Jacksoti. sits.; Tititmy NVakefieid, pit. supt. A/tide/s proc/seed: 1 2'wide: 61)' 2 hmmirttm $74115; 65' 3 lidros $8995. FRONTIER HOMES CORP. (The Comossdiire Cimrp.) 8712 NV. I)iolge Rd.. Sitile 4ttOO, Om:tiia, Nit. 68114. PIt: AC 4t)2.393.5(tt)0. itt imitsitmess since 1952. Meyer Katztitami, chum. iid.; l):tnii'l K:ttzni:tn, pres.; Miiriey Zipurskv. exee. vu).; Jiihtti NV. Kitig. sr. v.p. nsktg.: Ray Is:trd, `,.~a- ~ BRANCHES: Haleyville, Al. 35565, P.O. l(imx 5111, Pit: AC 205.486-5241, Jerry Perkimis, pit. ttgr.: Cmix Car- rard, sm.; Larry hlmmitimmi, pa. Elkhart, In. 46514, P.O. Bits 866, Pit: AC 219-293-6133, h(olm Wilsoit, pit. tttgr.; Jack Wells, sm.; Pat Scitimetzosv, pm. FaIls City, Nb. 63835, Pit: 402.245-2491, Bill Curren, pit. mgr.; D;tve Max', sm.; Gary Ramer, pa. Lebanon, Or, 97355, P.O. Box 565, Pit: AC 503.258-7114, Kmmrt (`.eitrge, I)lt. mgr.: ltili Bmmyle, sm.; Dick Matlick, pa. Corsicana, Tx. 75110, llsvy. 31 E., Phi: AC 214-872-2501, Bill Fretmclt, 1)11. nmgr.; P;tt Seytmssmmmr, sm.; Tom Darby, pa. A/ode/s prodmicer/: 12', 14' & 24'svicle models. * FUQUA HOMES, INC. (Situ. Ftmqmta hod., lmmc.) 14286 E. Sixtlm St., Cmmrmmtma, C;t. 91720. PIt: AC 714-737-8223. In business simmre 1969. Dale L. Miller, laces.; Cmterdotm T. Wolfe, v. dim.; RoimI. N. West, dir. oper.; Nmrman Swishmer, sis. coord.; Ron- ald J. hiemiedict, sec.-treas. Subsidiaries: United States Mmmbile ilomes, Inc., C. T. Wolfe Mohmiie Flomes, Inc. & Sectional ilousing Systems, Inc. (See individual listings.) MOBILE NONE/RECREATIONAL VEHICLE DEALER 3539 P ~ Ittyaim N.mglm.,sttt.; Itmimit Id "ccitt 1 ~ ~ujjj~j~. ~ th.!~primm~/~t,m.ed~7, 2 bmmlrtn, 60' & 65' 5.:( lmmlrmtt $31)ttt). - ------ `-~ $611110. 48-254 0 - 70 . 9 PAGENO="0130" Special Units: Itelocatabli' bones, sec. housing. cunimer- & (iistiini niodels. * GERRING IND., INC. bIte. #1, Box 1-B, Shipshewana, In. 46565. Ph: AC 219- 768.4133. In Iiirsiiiess since 1964. Harold Gerritig, pres.; Jim Itcintrager. sm.; Ccc llalm, g.m.; Rex Vaughn, Ii..; Ycliciocs Miller, pIt. mgr.; Golan `toder, prod. mgr. ,\foch'ls 1cnccfcicech 12'wde: 52' 1-2 bdrin 56500-87100; 60', 62' & 65' 1-3 mmcc 87509.591300. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 52' 3 bdrm S16,000-S18,- 000. GILES INDUSTRIES \Viccclu-ster Ave., Micicllesl sun,, K~. 40965. Ph: AC 61)6. 248-5520. Icc Inisiccess since 1958. R. 0. Cues, pres.; Ray Nc'clv, gui.; (:11 Robertson. sm.; Jas. Cues, pa. .\fccclcI.s 1crcciluccd: 1O'wide: 39' & 51' 2 mImi 83395-83695; 56' & 61' 2.3 lc(lrm 5:3995.8.1395. 12'wide: 41' & 51' 2 bum 53595-83995; 56' & 61' 2-3 Icclrm 84395-54995. Daublewide Units: 20'svide: 43' & 51' 3 bdrcn 85895- 861395. 24'svide: 43' & 51,3 lcdrm 811:395-87195. Completely Expandable Units: 21)' & 24'wide: 56' 3-4 Ixlrm .57295-57995. Special Units: Commercial & custom models. * GLOBEMASTER MOBILE HOMES. INC. P.O. lbs 206, Coslmen, In. 46526. Ph: AC 219-533-4040. iii lmsiness since 1952. Keith Johnston, pres.; Jas. John' stun, g.m.; Bill Ilelpin, sm.; Roy Miller, pa.; Roy Ron' trager. pit. supt. .lhcc/e/s ;ceorluced: 12'wide: 51)' 2 ludnius; 61)' 2-3 Moo; 64' 3 hdrmn; 68' 3-4 l)clrm. GOLDEN STATE MOBILE HOMES. INC. P. 0. Itox 56, 339 E. Collins, Umatilia, Fl. 32784. Pb: AC 904-669-6201. In business sine e19t35. Neil T. Resne, pr's. Moth/s prothiced: \luhule bionics. (latest available information) GOLDEN WEST MOBILE HOMES 1929 E. St. Andresvs Place, Santa Ana, Ca. 92711. Ph: AC 714-835.0999. In business since 1965. Jerry Golden. dunn.; harry E. Karsten, Jr., pres.; Fred Hill, g.s.m.; Rich. ard Keller. isa.; Norm Martin, s.m.; Jack Takahash), pit. BRANCH: Villa \Vest Mobile Homes. (See individual listing.) .1/ode/s jcrmluced: Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 45' 1 bdrm; 51' & 55' 2 bdnn; 57' & 60' 2-3 bdrm. 24'svide: 60' 2-3 hdrm. GOOD MFG., INC. Florence Rd., Constantine, Mi. 49042. Ph; AC 616-43.3. 5115. In lsusiness since 1961. Ken Good, pres.; & g.m.; Richard Outman. n.m.; Wm. Sanner, pa.; 0. K. Naylor. pit. mgr. Afoulc1s ;crodured: B'wide: 3.3' 1-2 bdrm 54195.54295. 10'wide: 35' 1 bdrm $4395. 12'wide: 35' 1 bdrm $4550. Special Units: Commercial & custom models. * GRAND WESTERN HOMES (Div. Gue~don md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 3540 [_~1b~I4Iit~' ~ I G GALAXY MOBILE HOMES, INC. 1'. 0. ltccx iu204, (~ccrmcer Ssveltzer & King Rd., Loccmnu, (a. 1)513511. Plc: AC 916-652-72.36. In business since 151)3. b):ccc 1.. l'lccnta, pres. .11cc/c Is /ceccc !ucrcd: Yclccicit:' icccccces. (latest available information) GARDENIA HOMES. INC. P. 0. Itccx 8, lIssy. 101 E., Gray Ct., Sc. 29645. Ph: AC 803.576-2151. hi busiucess since 1963. Joe \Veis- icr, crc's.: Jccaic \Vatsccmc, n.m. ,1fccc/c/s Jcrcccluc('d: Ychclcibe Iccumes. (latest available inforunation) - GEER CO. (t)is. Ssvc'tt Ibcunues, Inc.) E. Hsvy. 30, Grand Island. Nb. 6850)1. Plc: AC 308-382-9250. In business since 1886. Tncl lhcrke, pres.; Norris Olson, n.m.; Ceo. Bross'n, 3/rn/c/s 1ceccc/uccc'd: 12'wide: 65' 2 bdum $10,000. Doublewide Units: 22'ssicle: 44' & 54' 3 hdrm $12,bbb))I. 51.1.11(1(1. GEM HOMES, INC. (Suik `lice Ycliullamcd Cu.) P.O. box 848, Ahingdon, Va. 24211). Ph: AC 703.628.5131. In luusiicess since 1969. Gait Yclul)auciel, pres.; Curtis YclcD:cmciel, pa. :\hcc!c/,c ,crccc/uccc'd: 1 2'wide: .1.1' 2 bclrcn; 60' 2-3 lolrmn. Doublewide Units: 24'ssicle: 45' & 52' 3 bdnun. GENERAL MODULAR CORP. 3111) \It. Vencouc Ave., Alexauccinia, Va. 2231)5. Ph: AC 7)13-836-3559. In Icuushcess siucre 1969. C. \V. IIa'Tis, pres.: I). Cccrdrv, g.s.o'..; I,. C. \Voccd, Jr.. v.p. mfg. & cog. Divisions: Columbia, Al. 36319. Yul:cc'or Div., j. Par. ult. uugr. Newport. Ar. 72112, Diversa Dis'., D. I. Kmscncubs. ult. ncgr.; R. ltem'cb, usa.; I). Cordry, sm.; F. E. Dr:cke, prccd. mgr. Gallatin, Tn. 37066. Keicsvoorl Div. J. Bccgc'rs. pIt. mgr. .`clucdclc- produced: 12'wide: 38', 48' & 56' 2 budrun; 6(3' 3 hdrm. Special Units: Cbassrocums, comfort stations, driver traium- hug ucucits. dice umucit 1 2'ssiuie: 28' & .38' & custouui models. GEORGE & RUSS MOBILE HOME SLS., INC. 6718 4th St., W., Bradmcton, Fl. 33505. Ph: AC 813-755- 3775. luc lnushcess siucne 1956. Ceo. C. Perreaut, pres. .Uucclc/.c produced: Mobile lcccmes. (latest available inforunaticium) GEORGIA MOBILE HOMES 403 jefferson Davis hun'., North Augusta, Sc. 29841. Ph: AC 803-279.01(55 & 0656. In business since 1967. RobI. \InKrttrirk, gun. & prod. mgr.; Glenn E. Fox, sm. & pa.: II. E. \Icmrris, pIt. mgr. Branches: Augusta. Ga., Cordon Hssy. Clearwater. Sc. 29822, Storm Rearlm Rd., Robert MrKettrirk, pit. mgr. ?l/cccb'/s produced: Completely Expandable Units: IQ'svide: 20' 1 bdrm 52)10)). 20'wide; 33) 3 hdrrn $4500. 22'svide: 22' & 28' 2 Iudrm $3500.$3995; 30' custom nfIice 56700. Rrm's Ad,.e)(seruuen) Appeers he ThTs Issue d.32 Ultt.E HOME/SECIEATIOSAL VEHICLE SCALES PAGENO="0131" [ ~ ~L~.]i1li~ Ill!1u.I~__j lit pt :ii0o I 8i ttiiidi'ls l)ri)ilii(t(i ~t'i' (:tIi'~d0ii liii. tutu' tutu hsltutg.) BRANCH: Lubbock Ix. * GRAY.VELLE MOBILE HOMES, INC. Sub. Stualtaut 511g. Cii.) (II I)) `IV. I itIIsl tutruttigli. Tampa, II. :3:0111. INstil `IV. Slr:Iituu, pieS. 3101/1/5 juuuuu/suu'uI: Nluuluilu ltuuuuut's. ( I;ulust uv;til.tlulu' itufottttatO)tt) * GREAT LAKES VAN DYKE MOBILE HOMES (I )iv. Cu loIn ii 111(1.. liii.) P.O. lbs 1259, Louisville, Ky. 1 . (liii Itt'rO)tO il 8 ills priiured see Cutu'rciou III.. lu. itudirsltal listing.) Branches: Corona, Ca.; Lake City, Fla.; Boise, Id.; Marlette, Mi.; Merced, Ca.; Newton, Ks.; Cham- bersburg, Pa. GREENVILLE MOBILE HOME CORP. liss ~. 10 K., (:5-v ill'. Al. :360:37. Ph: AC 205-382- 2(115. lu buusiutu-ss site 11)69. Ilyriuti S. Griffith, Jr., pres.; I kiwis, p.o.; I arId K. ibuisli, prod. mgr. .31/i/s /rin/ttueu/: 1 2'wide: Ii))' 2-:3 lit 870(1(1-87151). GREGORY MOBILE HOMES, INC. I wv. g:b 19, Tilts, ~ :3171)4. Pit: A(: 912-382-7324. lu toss sure 196(1. ito'' I luu)luuu;tut_ p's .\loil'/s )trttt/uuu't(/: \lutliilt' liuutuit's. ( hilt-sb availalult' iutforuutatiout) GUARDIAN MOBILE HOMES II- :uiuuuuuuiuduurt' ( orp. ) 8712 W. 1)odge ltd., Suite .11)1(1), ()ttt:tlua, Nh. (18114. Ph: AC 402-393-5)))))). Itt sitiru' 11)52 . Sliver Katensan, chin. lid.; 1)auiei K: / tt:.:n - iris.; Siuirlu'v Zipursky, ext-c. v.p.; Jnltuu W. Kituu~. Sr. \`.~t. ntktg.; 1ba~' Isard, v.1u. ~ BRANCHES: Carbon Hill, Al. 35549, Pit: AC 21)5-924- 24:11. 1':tttl Ni:trbitt, pIt. uttgr.; Diii Fox, sin.: Tt'd Logan, p Danville, Va. 24541, P.O. ibiux 31))), Pit; AC 703- 711:3.881 1, 1)ick (:ttlt:t, pIt. ntgr.: 11111 Iloisseau, sm., Citas. Ititvstt'r, lit. .\Itutlu'/s jtrodutt'id: I 2's SIt' uusctdu'ls. * GUERDON IND., INC. I'D. bits i259, Lusiisvillt'. Ky. 41)21)1. PIt: AC 502-583- :311:31. lu luuusitt-ss situ-i' 11)51. i. L. C:tpp:uu'rL urt's. & cliii. liii.; Vu'. A. `Ilarsltall, cli. user. tourer; `I'. 1'. Nit-vt-us, `s~'. 5_p.; K. 0. i)ilsuutt, hr. naIl. cttuttrttl. BRANCHES: Alexander City, Al.; Ashburn, Ga.; Boise, Id.; Cabot, Ar.; Chambersburg, Pa.; Chino, Ca.; Corona, Ca.; Elkhart, In.; Greenwood, Ms.; Hazen, Ar.; Lake City, Fl.; Lubbock, Tx.; Manila, Ar.; Manhattan, Ks.; Marlefte, Mi.; Merced, Ca.; Newton, Ks.; Ocala, Fl.; Phil Campbell, Al.; Scotts- bluff, Nb.; Scranton, Pa.; Sebree, Ky.; South El Monte, Ca.; South Hill, Va.; Stayton, Or.; Rockwell, Nc.; Vicksburg, Ms.; Waycross, Ga. 3/nt/c/c ~uror/sccd: /`uiohtilc iuomcs, offices, nsuuduiar & sectional housluig. * GUERDON MOBILE HOMES (1)iv. (;ttcrdutn hid., itic.) P.O. Buix 1259, Louisville, Ky. 4(1201. (Fttr persutututel & models produced see Cuer- iii ltd., Inc. iuuulivicitu:ui iustiuug.) BRANCH: Stayton, Or. H * HALLMARK HOMES (l)iv. llu'tlttuatt Intl., iuut-.) (Inc c~tur1iutr:tte address & n.usouuuutl s Ilu'ulttt;utt ui., iii.) PLANTS: Richland, Ga. 31825, P.O. ituux 248. To- peka, In. 46571, P.O. Ibis 95. Ephrata. Pa. 17522, `.0. thus .125 Athens, Ix. 75751. 3/,/u/s ,urtn/uured: 1 2'wide: 4.1-7))' I -3 sIr. Expandable Rooms: 7' x ill' slitie-a-iu;uy hg. on uuuuust *HAMPTON HOMES, INC. i'D. Ibis :377, Etlss:trdsluuurg, lxii. 41)112. PIt: AC 616-663- :3715. Itt iuuusiutu'ss sittce 11)65. ibuussu'li C. Covey. pru's.: Vu'nt. K. `l'tft suit.; Jessu' TItr:tslt. pa.; Jo. Eckmaui, jilt. A/ui/v/s puus/ttus(/: 1 2'wide: 6(1' 2-3 lttlrtuu $$5)))).$87b)(b; 65' 2 3 turin $91011- $ 11:3)))). Expandable Rooms: .1' x 12' ti1t-uuuut Ivg 851)0; 7' x 12' & 7' x Ii' ttulbiuuub lvg $7)())-$85b). HANCOCK COACH CO., INC. Iauuuil0utt Sb., P.O. box 3111), Sparta, Ca. :311)87. Pit: AC 41)4.444.2121 Itt buuusiutu'ss siutc-u' 1/68. TItus. K. Nicitutils. l~°'~ & gut.: Jolttt L. i':tscit:tI, s.uuu.; Ed itarhtsv, Pu.; (irIs C. Poutuuuis, Jr., lilt. uuugr. & Itroul. uuugr. 1/un/v/s ;trm/uu'ts/: 1 2'wide: 45' 1-2 lutlrtuu $3055-$321)5; 5:3' 2 iutlruuu $3380- $:b475; (ill' 2.:3 Iuulruuu 8:171)5.83795. HARMONY HOMES, INC. P. 0. iliux 71)8, I)iiuugl:us. (:t. 31533. b'lu: AC 912-384- 71)17. lii luuusiuiess since 1968. ibrusiie F. J. Tiuusuius, pru'S. 3/ui/i/s ~tcuuduuuux/: luiutltiie ituitnes. (lilt-st availalule ittfuuruuu:ul uttut HARTFORD HOMES, INC. 8833 Shaver ltd., Port:tge. Mi. 49081. I'ht: AC (116-327- 7775. Itt iuuusiutess slur-c 1963. Ii. L. Slutshtu'c, iris.; lay 11111, situ.; Wayuue Ite:trdituu, li_ut.: lluuy l)ut'tcic'it. pIt. iiugr. 3/un/u/s /tc(n/tt('i(/: 1 2'wide: 6(1' 2-3 luulruuu. HAUSER HOMES, INC. (Sutlu. Pttlcurtuti Pusuuiuurls, Iuuc-. ) 72 hinge Itti., Middlu'luturg. P:u. 17842. Pit: AC 717-837-1515. Itt iuuusiutess sluice 191'uG. P:ttul E. II:uutser, Pres. Ib:trrv Feeluer, g.m. & lilt. mgr.: \V:tvtte Suuderstruuuui, s.uut.; Butt (`.eiurs, 1)0. 3/un/i/s jucuuu/uucuu1: 1 2'wide: 51' 2 lutlruuu $3995; 6))', 65' & 71)' 2-3 itdros $4995.$9995. HAVELOCK HOMES CORP. iIss'y. 71) `IV., Haveliuck, Nc. 28532. Plu: AC 919-447- 7122. Itt. iuuusittess siutce 1969. Ceuse A. J:uc-kstun, put's., g.uuu. & sun.; A. C. Tiuuuruututuu, p.o.: Edo'. Ciuturcites, pIt. ougr. & I)rui. uuugr. Attn/c/c ,tcoduuccd: 12'wide: 44' & 52' 2 iudruui $3695.$4395; 60' & 65' 2-3 hdrm $5695.$6495. 3541 HENSLEE MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Stilt. Reptulilic Cypsuum Co.) P.O. I3uux 38, 2410 `IV. Divisiuuuu, Ariingtoui, Tx. 76010. Plu: AC 817-274-7376. in busiuuess sluice 1948. Ruuyuue Simpson, Jr., pres.; C. A. R:uinwater, g.m.: Keith W. Cccii, Jr., pa.; Juts. W. human, pit. mgr.: J. D, Iie'isiee, pit. supt. *Firm', Adeeu-ti,emeuut Appnaus In Thi, I,suie d.34 NOBtL~ HOME/tECKSATIONAL VEHICL( DEALEI PAGENO="0132" ~I[a~I~11[(~ 1~j~jj~ ljj~j~ j Branch: Arlington, Tx. 76010, 4500 S. Cooper, Kenneth Willis. pit. mgr.; Ceo. Cutlirie & Eulan Brown, pIt. supt's. Models iroclicecI: iO'wide: 44' 1-2 driB $3795. 12'wide: 48' 1-2 bdrm 84695; 52' 2 bdrm 85495; 60', 66' & OS' 2-3 hdrin $6150-S7995. 14'wide: 68' 2 i)drm 59495; 72' 2-3 bdrm 59950. Doublewide Units: 24'xvide: 51' & 63' 2-3 hdrm 512,55(1- 515.350. HERITAGE 204 N. I)oolev, Grapevine, Tx. 76501. Ph: AC 817-BUY- 2821. In business since 1964. E. A. Smith, pres.; Bill loster, sm.; Tommy Scott, head p.a. & pit. mgr.; Jas. R. Smith. isa. ,\fothls produced: 10'wide: 56' & 60' 1-2 bdrm S9000'$lO,OOO; 64' 1-3 bdrm S 10,700. 12'wide: 56' & 60' 1.2 bdrm S10,000-$tO,500; 64' & 70' 1.3 bdnn S11,000-$11,900. 14'wide: 64'. 70', 74' & 76' 1-3 bdrm 513,640-817,500 Special Units: Commercial & custom models. * HERRLI IND., INC. (Sub. Swift md., Inc.) 2801 Oakland Ave., Elkhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219-522-7610. In business since 1953. Max Ilerrli, pres.; Dean Hamilton, sm.; Jan Slagle, p.a.; N. A. Randolph. prod. mgr. .~Iodels prothzccd: 12'wide: 60', 62' & 65' 2-3 bdrm 87750.89750. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 50' & 55' 3 bdrm $12,950- 513,695; 58' 4 bdrm 514,325. HIGHLANDER HOMES. INC. (Sub. Poloron Products, inc.) 74 Ridge Rd., Middleburg. Pa. 17842. Ph: AC 717-837-1515. In business since 1966. Paul E. Itauser, pres.; Barry Feeher, g.m. & pit. mgr.; \Vavne Soderstrosn. sm.; Ross Gehrs, p.a. `If odds produced: 12'wide: 46' & 51' 2 isdrm .53600.53995; (30' & 65' 2-3 bdrm 54995-55200. HILLCREST HOMES (Div. Skyline Corp.) P.0, lox 147, 2520 By Pass Rd., Elkhart. 1.46514. Ph: AC 219-523-4180. BRANCHES: Decatur. Al.; Hemet. Ca.; Ocala, Fl.; Halstead. Ks.; Bossier City. La.; New Ulm. Mn.; Charlotte. Nc.; McMinnville. Or.; Leola, Pa. `If o(lel.s produced: Mobile homes. * HILTON HOMES Box 549, Cuttenherg, Ia. 52052. Ph; AC 319-252-1420. In business since 1957. Don Ferring, pres.; Elmer Rome. g.m.; Robt. Emster, pIt. mgr.; Eric Simons, sm.; Loris Kirkbush, p.a.; Elmer Radahaugh, pit. supt. Mod('ls produced: 12'wide: 60' & ((4' 2 bdrm 87500-88000; 68' 3 hdrm $8500. 14'wide: 64' 2 bdrm $8900; 68' 3 bdrm $9400. Doublewide Units: 23'wide: 44' 3 bdrm .89895. 24'. svide: 44' 3 bdrm $10,000. Expandable Rooms: 6id x 12' expando Ivg $730. Special Units: Classrooms, sec. bussing & commercial models, HOLIDAY MOBILE HOMES 915 Piner St., Santa Rosa, Ca. 95401. P1: AC 707-544. 3131. in business since 1968. B. Harbeke, pres. & g.m.: Ray Price, s.m.; W'. Pars-v. p.a.; H. Erholeiss. pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 55' 1 bdrm S7000; 60' 2 bdrm $8000. Doublewide Units: 24'sside: 60' 2.3 hdrm 513.000. HOLLOWAY IND.. INC. P.O. Box 1378, Issdustrial Blvd., Waycross-Ware Coussty Industrial Pk., Waycross, Ca 31501. Ph: AC 912-285. 8010. In business sisice 1969. Barron T. Holloway, pres. & g.m.; Emery 11. Davis. Jr.. s,.p. si.; Roht. L. Johnson. p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 50', 55' & 61)' 1-2 bdrm .84195-85995; 65' 2-3 bdrm 85995-56595. Doublewide Units: 24'ss'ide: 50', 55' & 60'. HOMES BY FISHER. INC. P.O. Box 248, Richfield, Nc. 28137. Ph: AC 704-463. 2081. Is business since 1969. J. E. Fisher, Jr., pces. & g.m.; V. L. Beck. p.s.; Dosig McKenzie, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. Models ;sroduced: 12'wide models. 3542 * HI.RISE MOBILE HOMES. INC. 1052 ~V. Sixth St., Suite 626, Los Assgelrs. Ca. 90017. Ph; AC 213.481-2118. In business sissce 1969. Stassley E. Lossg. pres.; Joisss Dellart, Jr., g.m.; Sd Poche, pit. mgr. Branch: Huntington Park, Ca. 90255, 3383 E. Cage Ave. Models produced: Doublewide Units: 16'wide: 34' 2 bdrm 814,500. 20'- svide: 40' 3 bdrm 515,500. 24'svide: 50' 3 bdrm $16,500. Special Units: Relocatable homes & tss'o-stocy models. HIWASSE HOMES. INC. P.O. Drasver N, Cravette, Ar. 72736. Ph: AC 501.787- 5612. In business since 1969. B. T. Rogers, pres.: Roht. C. Durst, g.m.; Debsier ShaPer. pr:sd. mgr. `If odels produced; 12'wide: 50' & 55' 2 isdrsss; 60' & 65' 3 bdrm. 14'wide: 55' 2 bdrm; 60' & 65' 3 bdrm. HOLDER MOBILE HOMES Rte. One, Pissckneyviile, II. 62274. Ph: AC 618-357- 2249. In business since 1968. Jos. M. Holder, pres.; Floyd F. Holder, pit. mgr. If odds produced: 12'wide: 44' & 50' 1 lsdrm $4000 & $5000. Special Units: 12'svirie room addition in iesigths from 12' to 50'. HOLIDAY HOMES, INC. (Sub. Beatrice Foods Co.) P.O. Box 157, Lynn, Al. 35575. Ph: AC 205.893-5203. In business since 1964. Walter H. Green, pres.; Clarence Bales, g.m.; Ray Harper, g.s.m.; Nuford logic, pit. mgr.; Ron Cues, s.m.; Clipper Green. p.a. Branch: Hamilton, Al. 35575, Loyd Wakefield, pit. mgr.; Lewis Holmes, sm.; Lasidon Farcis, p.a. `If odds produced; 12'wide: 50' & 55' 2 hdrm 54795.54995; 60' 2.3 bdrm 55695.55795: 61' 2 hdrm 56295: 65' 2-3 hdrm $7195- 57295. Rrvn's Adn.rtis,m.nt App.as's In This I,su. d .36 ISBILE NISE/SECIEATIRSAL VEHICLE DEALER PAGENO="0133" 3543 [ ~bwii~t'i&.i~ ~kii11t3 1i1lii~~] *HOMES OF AMERICA CORP. Stilt. Ex:jttisite Form bid., Inc.) P.O. BOX 5026, Fav- t'tttvllt', \c. 25:303. 1'!: AC 919868-4116, In business isis' 1969. Larry A. Carr, pies.; Jas. F. \Vager, exec. np.; I)sstt.dtt P. Murray, v.p. sin. Subsidiaries: All SusittIt unit's (sup. & Colominus Ilsumes Corp. (See isiclividital listing.) HOMESTEAD IND., INC. 314 S. Slain, Ii pt'. Ar. 718)11. Ph; 501-777-5791. lit business since 19(iS. I. B. Bennett, pres. ~truuu/ttuus/; 12'svisle: 60' \luuhules lswiues. I latest available information) HOMESTEAD MOBILE HOMES. INC. East Anderson St., \icKitsuuev, Tx. 75996. PIt: AC 214. .512.1162. Its lntsiis s'ss sits cc 1969. Cuber) L. Dial, pres. 31(1(5/s ~sruuducut/: Slusiolt' lt:uuttes. 1 latent available nutsuitnation HOMETTE MOBILE HOMES (i)o. Skvlisue Corp.) P.O. Box 1224, l7tlt & liivelv St.. Elkisart, us. 46514. Pit: AC 219-293-6516. BRANCHES: Decatur, Al.; Hemet. Ca,; Ocala. Fl.; Arkansas City, Ks.; Bossier City, La.; New Ulm, Mn.: Charlotte, Nc.; McMinnville, Or.; Leola. Pa. .llsus/r/s /sTsuditCeil: ~tlO1)il5' lumen. * HORIZON MOBILE HOMES. INC. P.O. Itox it)47, U.S. Rte. #27 N., Portland, Itt. 47371. Pit: AC 317-726-8107. in business since 1964. Fred II. Ln;dsas', ~ & g.m.; R. 13. Stamper, g.s.m.; Ricitard E. Lance, head pa.: Wes Morse, n.m.; Jan Crouch, pa.; Ravntotsd P. Riendean, pit. supt. linde/s product-ri: 12'wide: 60' & 64' 1.3 bdrm. Completely Expandable Units: t2'svide: 60' 2-3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 7' x l(t' pnll-mtt bdrm; 7' x 23' Pttll-Ottt hg & d. Special Units: Commercial models 10' & 12'uside: 26'. 64'. HOUSE OF HARMONY. INC. S. l)esvey Ave., Reedsburg, \Vi. 53959. Pit: AC 608- 524-4313. Itt hitsiness situce 196 4. Margaret Vats Ert, l)res.; Leo Van Ect, g.m.; Ronald A. Huber, sm.; Walter Lnepke. pa.; Carrstii Holmes, pit. mgr. liusds!s peocittced: 12'wide: 56' & 60' 2 bdrm 87)323-87928; 65' & 68' 2.3 iusirttt 58027-88682. 14'wide: 60' & 68' 2.3 bdcm 88754-810,297. Expandable Rooms: 7' x 10' pttsioout leg on 68' 12'- wide S881); 7' x 12' posIt-ott ivg tnt 68' 14'wide $880. HOULE IND.. INC. 611 Csnnntt'rce St., L;trgo, Fl. 3354tt. Pit; AC 813-585- 8684. Itt ititsittess since 1962. Wm. J. Houle, pres. .lfodci.s peoduced; Sloltile itmnes. (latest available informatitttt) * HOUSING BY TIFFANY, INC. (l)iv. Ilttttsittg lty Vogtie, Inc.) Industrial Pk., P.O. Ron 12:15, Mtntltrie, Ca, 31768. Pit: AC 912-985-8510. in ltttsitst'ss sittce 1968. I)ottaitl C. Allen, pren., g.m. & sm.; Charles I ltittott, p.a. Ibis/s/s prtudtsctd: 12'wide: 4))', 44'. 48,54's (i0' 1-3 hdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'svide; 4)1' 3 hdrm. Special Units: Coin,ttercial ttutdeis. * HOUSING BY VOGUE, INC. i Sitit. \Ittltiie I Ittttte litci., Ittc.) 440 Siteifer St., P.O. ituix 1058, Qttutuc~, Fl. 32351. Pit; AC 904-627.7505. in itttsitsu'ss sistre 1968. l)stttalsl C. Allen, pres., g.m. & Sm.; Cisaries Iluttutit, pa; Jas. V. Peters, pIt. mgr. Division: Hstttsing b Tilfatty, inc. (See individtial list' ing.) Iltuuls'i.s prtnlutcs'cl: 12'wide: 6(1' & 65' 1-3 bdmt. HOWDAN MFG. CO. 2416 58'. Carsoit St., Torraitce Cus., 90501. Ph: AC 213- 320.3819. Itt bttsittess siisce 1961. Robt. J. Baiiard & olttt A. Chapman, partners. .\Iodcls prothiced: Mobile itomes. (latest available information) HUNTINGTON DISTRIBUTORS. INC. P. 0. Box 545, Cattdor, Nc. 27229. Pit; AC 919.974. 41111. In bstsiness since. 1963. Models produced: Mobile huumes. (latest available iitformation) I-i INTERNATIONAL MOBILE HOMES. INC. 6110 5. Cncamonga, Ontarist, Ca. 91761. Ph: AC 213- 323-7140. in bstsiness since 1964. Donald R. Stesvart, pres. .1/ode/s prouittcs'ci; Mobile itomes. (latest available infonnation) JACOBSEN M~BILE HOMES MFG.. INC. P.O. itox 368, 810 Sixth St., N., Safety Harbor, Fl. 33572. Pit; AC 813.726-1138. In busitwss since 1959. Vim. Ja. pees. & g.m.: Jos. J. Cltichetti, sm.; Patti Meisner & Citas. Tctmcst, pa's; Dsuvie Montgomery, pit. supt. 3! odds /teOdttCe(i: 12'wide: 44', 48' & 52' 1 bdtm $4626'$5146; 56' & 60' 1-2 bdtm $5364'$5722; 65' 2.3 bdrm $6367.$6674. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 45' x 39' 2 bdrm $8899. 24'wide; 37' & 42' 2 bdrm $849849226; 45' x 39' 2 I)dtOt $9289. Special Units: Custom models. JAMISON HOMES. INC. US 301 & Sitosv Rd., Beileview, Fl. 32620. PIt: AC 904. 245-2456. in business sittce 1968. E. L. Jamison, pres.; Terry Trexier, g.m.: Dale Kimes, pit. mgr.; Steve Ether. ington, sm.; \Vaytte Chtilders, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 44', 48', 52' & 56' 1.2 bdem: 6))' 1-3 hdrm; 64' & 68' 2.3 itdrm. J'VILLE HOMES. INC. (Sub. Hunt Modular Systems) Myrtle St., P.O. Box 1697, Jacksonville, Tx. 75766, Ph; AC 214-586.2286. In busi- ness since 1968. David B. McKinnon, pres.; W. A. Rob- inson, g.m. & pit. mgc.; T. C. Hudson, sm.; L. J. Leiut. decker, pa.: E. L. Bernard, prod. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $5595.$6995. 14'wide: 60' & 65' 2-3 hdrm. d . 40 *F)rm's Adue?tisement AppmrsIn This Issue ISnILE HONE/HECIEATIOIAL VEHICLE HEALtH PAGENO="0134" K KARSON IND., INC. Ctrino Airport, hangar 4, Chino, Ca. 91710. Ph: AC 714- 628-4765. In business since 1961. Ester Karshmer, pres.; Vern Copenran. gm.: Garland Price, head p.a.: Wm. Davies. sm.: Mike Phillips. pit. mgr.: Dan Wins, p.a.: Cit Ilollins, pit. supt. .)Iodel.s pco~Iueed: 12'wide: 60' 1-2 l)drm. Doublewide Unit's: 20'svide: 45' & 54' 2 hdrnr. 24'wide: 47'. 53', 60' & 68'. * KENTLAND HOMES (1)iv. \\nntun bid., Inc.) P.O. Box 2.3.5. Kentland, In. 47951. Ph: AC 219-474-5171. In business since 1969. Paul \Vocctberry. pres.: Ceo. S. Witt. g.m.; Ceo. S. King. sm.: llarlev Hackett. pa.: Len RiPe1, pit. mgr. Sloth/n prot/uced: 12'wide: 60' 8 (iS 2-) t'drm 86995-87495. KENWOOD HOMES, INC. hlsvv. 97, Stratford. \Vi. 54484. Ph: AC 715-687-4611. In tnininess since 1966. Hirhard Jones. pres. & g.s.m.: (irs hlostail. gin. 8 read pa.: Joe Langreck. pit. mgr.: I,osue ones. sin.: Torn Loon. pa. Branches: Montevideo, Mn. 56265, 1(120 Tusvn Line tbt.Rapid City, Sd. 57701, 3815 ~ 79 S., Eugene \irk. pit. mgr.: Lrnrise Ahciridge. n.m.: Jan. Richardson, p.a. .\/udrln jiroduinil: 12'wide: 51)' 2 Moo: (itt' 8 63' 2-3 bdrm: 68' 2-4 bdrrn. 14'wide: (ii) 2 ixlrm: 68' 2-4 bdcm. Special Units: Commercial 8 custom models. *KEYIND.. INC. P.O. lion 273, Strirgis. Mi. 49(191. Ph: A(: 616-651-5477. lii business since 1965. Rrdnev Baker. pces.: Omac Hoch- stiller, sm.: Leo hilton. pa.: Tom Sivits. pit. mgc. .\loth1.s j)eodueed: 12'wide: 52'. 6(1' & 1)5' 2 bdrm 86300-88100. KEY WEST HOMES, INC. Bldg. 821-D, Mien Loma Space Center, Mira Loma, Ca. 91752. PIt: AC 714-68.5-5243. In business since 1969. Robt. D. Totter:. pres.: Doyle \V. Bovdstun, g.m.; John S. Ratzlatf, g.s.m.: Robt. J. Henry, head pa.; E. J. Schreiber, sm.: Larry B. Ivernon. pa.: Darrell D. Coetsch. prod. .\10thIs produerd: Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 52' & 60' 2 hdrm $11,900. 813.900 est. umifumished. *KING HOMES, INC. 100 ltmmckimrglmam Rd., Ehkhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219- 523.5579. In business since 1963. Frank A. Konn, pres.; hlosvard \V. Leshrer, n.m.; Harold McLaughlin, g.m.; Dick Garner, pa.; Paul Lee, pit. mgr. ,\iodci.c produced: 12'wide: (10' & 65' 2.3 bdrm $7995.$9495. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' tip-out lvg $400; 7' x 12' roll'out lvg $750, KIRKWOOD HOMES (Div. Redman md., Inc.) (For corporate address & per- sonnel see Redman md., Inc.) d .42 PLANTS: Industry. Ca. 91745. 17171 1:. (aim Ave. Americus, Go, 31709, Hmmtmmmami Ilil., P.O. lix 1117. Grand Island, Nb. 68801, 1515 E. 4th St., Washing' ton Court House, Oh. 43160. 2(6(0 Kemrskill Ave. Silverton, Or. 97381, 1204 Mill St. Athens, Tx. 75751. Grand Prairie, Tx. 75050, 2444 \V. Main St. ,`tlodel.s pcoritcrd: 12'wide: 44-65' 1.3 bdcmn. Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'sride: 43'-GO' 1-3 lxirrn. Expandable Rooms: 7' x 10' & 7' x 14' slide-a-bay lvg. on most models. *KIT MFG. CO. 141(1 \V. 17th St.. Long Ite:irhi, Ca. 9(1813. Ph: AC 213.437.7494. lii hrmmsirress since 1946. I)an Pocapalia. pies. & gin.: T. C. lapin. v.p. & g.s.tn.: Chas. II. \Vat' mrs in.: Dorm Connors. p.m.: C. C. Atss'orrd, prod, meg. BRANCHES: Riverside, Ca. 92502, 92)) Citrus St.. Robt. Itu'rkhiold. pit. urge.: (omu. C. Futrtsch, n.m.; Lmuss'- eli Jones. pa. CaIdwelI, Id. 83605, P.O. Box 259. Rout. Doyle, 1~it. mgc.: Clyde Chevengec. s.mmi.: Raleigh Stilt. ~sa McPherson, Ks. 67460. P.O. Box 649, Cecil Chr:up. man, pit. mgr.: Marvin Peters, n.m.: Chomrk Millesomm, pa. McPherson, Ks. 67460. 1st & Elm Sts., I)ick Weatheriy. 1~lt. mgr.; RoLl. hirentnmr. sin. Mt. Vernon, Oh 43050. P.O. lIon 470, Rmubt. Alexander. hilt. nsgr.: Ron Ceier. sin.: JoIm Hegemamun. pa. .\lod(/s 1rrodt:em'd: 1 Owide: Unuitrnishmed. 5(1' 1 l,drmn: 55' 2 bdnn: 57' 3 don. 12'wide: Unfurnislred. 41)'. 45' & 5)1' 1 huclrm: 55' 1.2 hxhrm: 6(1' 2-3 hxhem. Doublewide Units: Um:furninhrrd. 2tt'svide: 43' 2 hudrmn: 45' & 55' 2-3 hrdrm. 24'svide: 45'. 52'. 55' & 60' 2-3 lirlem. K.LINE. INC. Itux 721. (:munmsvrv, Ar. 72(132. Ph: AC 51)1-329-8328. lii brtsinens since 1967. Denim Cmnhniaii. p~'~ 3/ode/-c jrrrmdtieed Mobile Ironies. (latent available iii) orm:itiomi) *KROPF MFG. CO.. INC. Rd. 15 N.. Gushers. Iii. 46526. Phi: AC 219-533-2171. Iii hotntness niirre 1946. Solomon Kropf, pres.: Dun Miller, nor.: Saris \Vvne. Ira: 1)orr Bixier. Pit simpt. .)iothlx /ierr(/min'r,d: B'wide: Custom models. lOwide: 53'.62' 1-3 hrdnn .8903t)-$10,000. 12'wide: 50-62' 1-3 hrdcm .89920-S10,895. Doublewide Units: 20'nvide: 50'-62' 2-4 bdrm $13,960- .815.415. 24'svide: 50-62' 2.4 hutirm .8l4,970-S16,520. KUSTOM MOBILE HOMES MPG. P. 0. Box 1055, Sari Harimito. Ca. 92383 3/or/c/s produced: Mobile homes. (latest availahile information) L ~RDILE HDME/IEC&EATmDIAL VEHICLE DEALER 3544 ___ ~iw J: L & M TRAILER MPG. CO., INC. 475 \V. 1st St., P.O. Itox 518. Ephraim, Ut. 84627. Ph: AC 801-283-4841. lii brininess since 1964. Harry \V. Mosher, pres. Mode/s prodmmced: Mobile homes. (latest available imuformation) LAKEWOOD IND., INC. 18026 S. Broadway, Cardena, Ca. 90247. Ph; AC 213- Rr-nn's Adu'eeI'rsnrnenf Appears In Thts Issue PAGENO="0135" [ ia~ii~a~ i~1t~ tt~iiii~j 32.3-7140. In business since 1948. Ceo. E. Mullenex, ~ A. \V. Gale, g.m.; Clyde joimson, p.a.; \Vm. R. Davidson & Norman Miller, s.m.s; Jas. R. Fisk, prod. mgr. .\iodel.s /rluc('ci: 12'wide: 52' 1 hAm $60311; 60' 2 lsdrn; 87000-87600. Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 43', 51' & 58' 2 bdrm 865t)0-S9000; 55' 3 Isdrm 585(10. 24'wide: 45', 48' & 60' 2 l)dlnt $8100.5 10,500. LANCER MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Sub. Standard md., Inc.) 1660 Magnolia Ave., Corona, Ca. 91720. Pit: AC 714-737.7620. In business since 1965. Ken Moore, Pres.; Dots Tapson, pit. mgr.; C. E. Milligan, Sm.: Itoh ilormel, p.s.; Art itradlev, pIt. supt. Branches: Marysville, Ca. 95901, 1401 Melody Rd., Lesard Smith, pIt. nlgr.; C. R. Luekenga, sm.; Art Crane, ~ Riverside, Ca. 92503, 9800 ileau Ave., Jas. \Veaver, pIt. mgr.; ilob James, sm.; itili McNliilan, p.a. The Dalles, Or. 97058, 221 \Vebber Rd., \Vait Payne, pit. mgr.; Ray Robinson, Jr., s.m.; Duke Robbins, pa. `linde/s produced; 12'wide: 53' 2 bdrm $5695; 57', 60' & 63' 2.3 bdrm .S6051.5.57000. Doublewide Units: 20'svide; 43' & 53' 2 bdrm $6995- 87995; 57' & 60' 2-3 bdrm $8500-$10,500. 24'wide: 53' 2 bclrsn $9000: 57' & 60' 2-3 bdrm $9500-$15,000. Special Units: Sec. housing & custom modeis. LANDMARK IND., INC. P. 0. itox "0", 807 \Vest Ave., Cedartown, Ca. 30125. Pit: AC 404-748-6580. in business since 1969. B. E. Tyler, pres.; Henry F. Brandt, g.m.; Lawson Vann, p.a. & prod. mgr. `list/c/s producer!: 12'wide: 55' 2 bdrm; 60' & 64' 2-3 bdrm. LANDOLA. INC. (Z-industries, inc.) N. Edsvards St., P. 0. Box 466, Con- verse, In. 46919. Ph: AC 317-384-3363. In business since 1946. Dolin W. Young, pres.; Phiiiip Young, g.m.; Frank Carber, sm.; Robt. Mock, pa.; Herb Garber, pIt, mgr. Modei.s produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm .59100-$11,470. Doublewide Units: 24'svide: 56' 3 hdrm $16,690. LEFLOR MOBILE HOMES (Dis'. Cuerdon lod., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 402(11. (For personnel & models produced see Cuerdon intl.. inc. individual listing.) BRANCH: Greenwood, Ms. LEXINGTON HOMES, INC. P.O. Box 97, Chapin, Sc. 29036. Ph; AC 803.345. 5464. in business since 1969. J. Alien Shumaker, pres. & g.m.; Michael Callahan, sm.; Emory Lester, p.a.; Ceo. Manor, pit. supt. 3/ode/s produced; Special Units: Relocatable & sec. housing. LEXINGTON IND., INC. 1Isvv. 1(11 N., Lexington, Al. 35648. Ph; AC 205.229. 6635. in business since 1969. Fred S. Ciascock, pres. & g.m.; Ceo. Reynolds, sm.: Gerald Conk, p.s.; Loyd Frost, pIt. supt. tfode/s prs)dsCed: 12'wide: 40', 44', 50' & 56' 2 bdrm; 60' & 64' 2.3 bdrm. * LIBERTY HOMES, INC. P.O. Box 608, Syracuse, In. 46567. Ph; AC 219-457- 3121. In business since 1941. Edsvard J. Ilussey, pres.; Joseph McCarthy, v.p. nati. sis.; Max Carison, pa.; liar. old Weaver, prod. mgr. BRANCHES: Thomasville, Ga. 31792, P.O. Box 145. Yoder, Ks. 67585, P.O. Box 18. Leola, Pa. 17540. P.O. Box 129. Dorchester, Wi. 54425, P.O. Box 338 (lode/s produced; 10'wide: 36' 1 bdrm; 43', 46' & 50' 1-2 hdrm; 55', 61)' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. 12'wide: 36' 1 bdrm; 43', 46' & 50' 1.2 bdrns; 55', 60' & 65' 2.3 bdrm. Special Units: Commercial models. * LONERGAN CORP~ (Sub. Csserdon Ind., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 40201. (For personnel & models produced see Cuer- don hid., inc. individual listing.) BRANCHES: Elkhart, In.; Ocala, Ft.; Manhattan, Ks.; Scranton, Pa. LONNIE'S TRAILER SALES, INC. U.S. Hwy. #30, Schuyler, Nb. 68661. Ph: AC 402.352. 3802. rn business since 1955. Berion R. Spies, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) M MADISON IND., INC. 2308 Meridian St. N., Huntsville, Al. 35811. Ph; AC 215-539.2745. In business since 1969. Chas. H. Cum- mings, Jr., pres.: H. E. Roth, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Richard P. Watts, g.s.m.; J. D. bit, pa.; E. C. Aiston, s.m. Mode/s produced; 12'wide: 52' 2 bdrm 54100-55800; 60' 2-3 bdrm $4600. $7500. MADSEN CORP. Waiconda, Sd. 57073. Ph; AC 605.265-3255. in business since 1965. Miliage Madsen, pres. Models produced; Mobile homes. (latest available information) MAGNOLIA HOMES MFG. CORP. (Div. Cuerdon md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville. Ky. 40201. (For personnel & models produced see Cure- don Ind., Inc. individual listing.) BRANCHES: Scoftsbluff, Nb.; South Hill, Va.; Vicksburg, Ms. MAJESTIC MOBILE HOMES CO., INC. P.O. Box 565, Haleyviile, Al. 35565. Ph; AC 205.486. 3870. In business since 1969. Bill Rice, pres. Mode/s produced; Mobile isornes. (latest available information) 3545 *MANOR HOMES, INC. R.R. #3, Box 456A, Eikhart, In. 46514. Ph; AC 219-293. 1502. In business since 1963. Wilber Witmer, pres.; Patti Thibault, v.p. & g.s.m.; Dave Osborne, head pa.: Dais. Lee, pit. mgr.; Bill Lorenz, sm.; Tom Cripe, P.S. Ftrrn', Ads'er)tsemen$ Appears In Thu Issue MOBILE HOME/BECCEATIOCAL VEHICLE DEALER d- 44 PAGENO="0136" 3546 ~ ~~rtr.to61;5 ii id / / MARSHFIELD HOMES 12 wide ~C 10 ( & (4 1 birm 65 68 & 0 23 ~ ld'\\ 1. Bldg Sst )301E 411 St \Sck IC 10. -, pres.; Harry Federwitz, div. mgr.: Paul Frederickson sm.; Expandable ~o~ms~ 14g ~ 12 t~ t hdfllS C I K Ru t d p B It II g op mg I) Holterman. pit. supt. * MANSION HOMES CORP. Branch: Chillicothe, Mo. 64601, Arnie Fenske. oper. P.O. Box 756. Bobbins. Nc. 27325. Ph: AC 919-948- nigr.; Mark ~oung, sm.; Wesley Davis. prod. mgr. 2141. In inisinrsx since 1969. Allen McDonald. pres.. .~hddelS produced; Ceo. F. Ileatsvole. sm. Chas. Davis g.m.: Don \Valker 12'wide: 52' 2 bdrm; 6(1' 2-3 bdrm. 64' & 68' 2-4 hdrm p a.; Rodger (rixrne. 1)11 mgr. 14'wide: 52' 2 hdrm; 60' 2-3 hdrm: 64' & 68' 2-4 hdrm .1! oth'ls ~rorlzc:rl: MAR VAL IND INC l2wde 46 S4000 &6 I trio 54 011 S 1)0 B 44 OiSh ~ E 19 9L 18643 Ph kC MARK HOMES. INC. MOdels produced: 2713 \V. Whitner, Anderson. Sc. 29621. Ph: AC 81(3 Mobile homes, commercial units. (latest available infnr 226-6049. In business since 1968. vance Wells. pres. mation) Models produced: . MASCOT HOMES, INC. o n e omen. ( atest axariable information) P.O. Box 127, Gramling, Sc. 29348. Ph: AC 803-472- MARK Ill MOBILE HOME MFG. CO.. INC. 9000. In business since 1965. \V. Ed Mitchell, pres. Intersection of Ilsvv. 377 & 114, P.O. Box 220, Roanoke. .\fodeis produced: Tx. 76262. Ph: AC 817-963-2711 & 268.1141. In business Mobile homes. (latest available information) since 1919. Basmond F. Hathrox. g.m.; Ceo. W. Stone. MASTER HOMES ~ S p Fl d F irs pit mg 1 04 \S SI k t St BI gt II 6~01 12'wide: 60' & 63' 2-3 bdrm 86030-86700. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) MARK IV HOMES. INC. \Ioosic Rd. at Honey Lane, Old Forge, Pa. 18518. Ph: MATKIN.HAMRIC, INC. AC 717-457-8311. In business since 1969. Paul Delaney 1300 S. Key, Lampasas, Tx. 76550. Ph; AC 512.556- pres & g.m.; John Thomas. v p & s m.; Jas. Leitzel, pal; 5841. In business since 1968. Wm. A. Matkiu, pres. Bobt. Schmidt. pit. supt. .~lodels produced: Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm 83995: 60', 65' & 70' 3-4 bdrm 84995.55995. MAVERICK MOBILE HOME CORP. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' tip-out lvg 8450; 7' s 12' Box 15489, Tulsa, Ok. 76116. roll-out lvg $595. ,\fodclsj)roduccd: lOwide: 50' 1-2 hdrm. *MARLETTE HOMES. INC. 12'wide: 44' 1-2 hdrm: 60' 2-3 bdrm. 3305 \ViI.sor St., Maclette, Mi. 48453. Ph: AC 517-635- Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 50' & 55' 1-2 hdrm: 60' 6511. in business since 1953. Earl \V. Swelt, pres.; 2-3 bdrm. 24'xvide; 60' 2-3 bdrm. Wayne L. Swell. exec. v.p.; Calvin Swett, V.P. sb.; Ceo. Pollak. v.p. pm'.; Norman C. Hancock, dir. sic. East: MEDICAL COACHES, INC. Earl Carter, dir. sls. \Vest. Counti'v Club Rd., Oneonta, Nv. 13820. Ph: AC 61)7- Branches: Americu.s, Ga.. Tom Holman. pIt. mgr.: 432-1333. In business since 1952. Ian M. Smith, pres.: Dale Gay, sm.; Hugh Joiner, pa. Great Bend. Ks., Locus Morris Leedkie, g.s.m.; Richard Greene. assi. g.m.: Stan- Carter, pit. mgr.; Dave Harvey, n.m.; John Srhreiber, pa. ley Roseboom, pIt. mgr. Marlefte. Mi., Horace Wright, pIt. mgr.; Jerry B. Burton. .`)fodels produced: s.m.; Jack Gleason, pa. Hemiston, Or,, Mel Kiefer, pIt. Special Units: Medical, educational. display, dormitory & mgr.; Al Rogerson. s.m.; Tom \\`right, p.a. Lewistown. custom models. Pa.. Gus' Amold. pit. mgr.; Joe Takacs. sm.: Ken Morgan. p.a. MEFCO, INC. Models produced; Box 452, Scottsville, Tx. 75670. Ph: AC 214.935-6638. 12'wide: 50'. 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm In business since 1967. Chas. Cobb. pres. Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'svide: 48'. .55'. 60 & 62' Models produced: 2.3 bdrm. Mobile homes. (latest available information) Expandable Rooms: Expandoon 12'wide: 4' x 10', 7' 10' & 7' x 18' lvg on 50'; 4' x 12'. 7' x 12', 7' x 18' *MELODY HOME MFG. CO. & 7'. x 21' lvg on 60'; 4' x 12', 7' 13' and 7' x 18' hg Box 1227, Ft. Worth, Tx. 76101. Ph: AC 817-232-0350. on 65'; 7' x IS' and 7' x 21' xv/3rd hdrm. In business since 1954. Maui')' Owen, pren.; H. W. Luker. g.m.; Ro~' Sculley, sin.; Clara Rich, p.s.; Gene Knutson. * MARRIOTT HOMES pit. mgr. (Div. Winston md., Inc.) P.O. Itox 346, Double Springs. :Sfodrlo prorluced: Al. 35553. Ph: AC 205-489-5121. In business since 1987. 12'wide: 50' & 56' 1.2 bdrrn: 60' & 64' 2.3 bdrm. Paul Woodberry, pres.; Jimmy Wilson, pit. mgr.; Tex John' 14'wide: 68' 2-3 bdrm. Flrm's AdrerIisemerf Appears Iii This issue d .48 IDRILE IADRE/RECREATIORAL VEHICLE DEALER PAGENO="0137" 3547 Jlithi5thi~ MINUTE SPACE CORP. (1nno Airport Bldg. #10, Ciiino, Ca. 91710. Ph: AC 714- (i~S.74(8). Iii business since 1966. Earl L. Lewis, pres., gin & sin.: Ronalsi Toth, pa.; Edsv. liosvard, pit. mgr. .310(1, 1.. j:rishiced: Special Units: (.llssr(nis. consnerriai & custuns molule mime nnsds'is. MOBILCRAFT IND., INC. 1'.O. Box 5881, Spartanburg. Sc'. 29301. Ph: AC 803- 5S2.72~4. In business since 1968. Richard V. Waiters, pres. & g.m.; Perry T. loud. Jr., n.m.; Rssbt. L. Ewing, pa.: l)ougi.ss L. Kitchens & Bssbbv J. Soiesbee, pit. mgr's. .\fs)(1,-1.s produced: 12'wide: 48'. 5(1'. 53' & 57' 2 bdrm 84395.54895; 60' 2-3 bdcm 85195-85295. Special Units: 12'wide: 56' or 60' motel; 60' oflIce. 2 l's, ide: 40' sec. 5 `(lice nnit; 60' modular houses. MOBILE FACILITY ENGINEERING, INC. \V. State St., Cassopoiis, Mi. 49031. Ph: AC 616-445-3119 & 2421. In business since 1962. David E. Crozescu, pres. & g.m.: Orval Allison, Jr., p.a.; Durehl Young, pit mgr. 3!odel.s produced: Special Units: Office models 8', 10', 12' & 24'wide: from 16-65'; cnstssm & commercial models. MOBILE GARAGE MFG. Rd. 1, Carmirl,aels, Pa. 15321. in business since 1953. .1! odel.s produced: \lohsiie garages. (no inforniation submitted) MOBILE HOME ESTATES, INC. Rte. #4. State Rd. #6 E., Bryan, Oh. 43506. Ph: AC 419- 636-4511. In business since 1969. Jas. L. Newman, pres. .\f ode/s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) MOBILE IND, INC. P.O. Box 1016, Chehaiis, Wa. 98532. Ph; AC 206-748- 8881. in business since 1968. L. C. Merta, pres.: F. A. Livmugstone, mktg. dir.; Max McCasiin, pa.: Ken James, 1)11. mgr.; Bruce Eyring. n.m.; Pete DeDominico, prod. 31~sde1s produced: 12'wide: 48' 1-2 bdrm 53995-55000; 52' & 60' 2 bdrm 84500.56500; 64' 2-3 bdrm 85500.86800. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 44' 2 bdrm 58500-510,000; 52' 3 bdrm 59800-511,500; 60' 2-3 hdrm $10,800-$12,- 500. MOBILE LIVING, PLANNING & SLS. CORP. P.O. Itox 528, Montezuma, Ca. 31063. Ph: AC 912- 472-7506. In business since 1969. Clifford E. Baird, pros. .\!odel.s produced: ~niobiie homes. (latest available information) MOBILE OFFICE, INC. 4845 \V. 111th St., Chicago (Aisip), III. 60658. Ph: AC .312-735-65(10. In business since 1962. Carl Bveiland, pres. Models produced: Field oflires. (latest available information) MOBILINER MFG., INC. (Boiling Int'l line.) Ft. Worth Hwy. at Bayou, Brosvnwood, Tx. 78601. PIn: AC 915.643.4312. In business nince 1958. Thus. J. Zagorski, pros. Shul,l.s produced: ~siobilr bunnies. (latest available information) * MODERNAGE HOMES SALES (Dii'. Cuerdon Ind., Innc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Xv. 4(1201. (For prrsom:ei & models produced see Guerdon bid., Inc. inciisiclual listing.) BRANCH: Phil Campbell, Al. MODULAR CONCEPTS. INC. (ox 22. 124 l(aihcoa,I Rd., Lasvrenceviihe, Ca. 3(1245. l'l,: AC 4(14.1)63.1843. In business since 1969. \~ii' lard C. Itvrd, ~ .\lo(I,'I5 ((r(i(15e('(l Office units. (latest available information) MODULAR DESIGNS. INC. P.O. (ox 997, Mansfield, La. 71052. Pb: AC 318-872- 2446. Iii business since 1969. Bill Losvrev, pres.: Sam C. Pool, g.m.: Oscar Phillips. n.m.; Doug Traxier, p.a.; Ralph M. Cain, pit. nupt. ,\f ode/s produced: 12'wide: 44', 51)' & Oh)' 2 bdrm 53995.55844; (35' 3 bdrm 85870-86170. *MODULAR HOMES, INC. E. ist & Barr Sts., McPherson, Ks. 67460. PIn: AC 316- 654-4522. In business since 1969. Larry Staiey, ~ & sin.: Steve \levhesv, pa.; Henry Deschnner, prod. mgr. Models /(ro(inced: Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 52' & 56' 3 bdcm; 66' 3-4 bdrm. MODULAR HOUSING, INC. 17672 Arnsstrong, Santa Ana, Ca. 92705. Ph: AC 714- 540-7165. In business since 1969. John T. Dodds, pros. .\!odel.n produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) MODU.LINE IND., INC. 4364 Sandy Lake Rd.: Ravenna, Oh. 44266. In busimness since 1969. Stan Bach, pros. Models produced: ~sIobiie homes. (latest available information) * MONARCH IND., INC. P.O. Box 441, Middlebury, In. 46540. Ph: AC 219-825. 2171. In business since 1962. D. L. Hart, pres.: C. ones, v.p. mfg.; Larry Haviland, g.m.; Jan. Weidner, dir. sin.; Bob Hasne, head p.a.; Sam Weidner, n.m.; Jack Eiam, p.a. Division: Fasvn Corp. (See individual listing.) Subsidiaries: Cambridge Homes & Regent homes. (See individual histimngs.) .\lodels produced: 12'wide: 46', 50' & 55, 1-2 hdrm; 58' 1-3 bdrm; 60', 62' & 65' 2.3 l)drm. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 35', 40', 44', 48'. 52' & 60'. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' & 4' x 12' tip-out on 12- svide: 50' & 60'; 8' x 12' roll-out onn 12'svide: 65'. Special Units: Sectional housing to he placed on base- ment or foundation. MONTEREY MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Dii'. Winston md., Inc.) P.O. Box 489, Cuin, Al. 35563. Ph: AC 205-468-3366. In business since 1969. Paul W'oodberrv, pren.: Jackson Davis, pIt. mgc.: Jerry Leivis, n.m.; Jan Arnold, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 52' & 60' 2-3 bdrm 55038-56050; 65' 3 bdrm $6990. d .50 *F;rm', Adnertisement Appeers In This Issue COllIE HOUE/IECREATIOHAL VEHICLE DEALER PAGENO="0138" 3548 ~ d~o0 2lmd1~u M000~5000 60' 1~mn $60~~- - Doublewide Units: ltYwidc: 45' 2 bdroi $5000.$(ittt)O; MONTGOMERY HOMES (30' 3 t)drm 89000-Sflt.000. 214 N. Scott, Sikeston, Mo. 63801. \fj~JrJç produced: * NEW MOON HOMES Mobile homes (no information cul)nutted) (Div. Redman md., Inc.) (For corporate address & per. soon ci see Redman md. Inc.) MYLAND IND.. INC. PLANTS: Industry, Ca. 91745 17171 E. Gale Ave. P.O. Box 14i, Battle Creek, Ia. 51006. Ph: AC 712- Americus, Ga. 31709. Redman Rd., P.O. Box 1127 365-456. In busmess smce 196:. Ralph Hilker, pres. Topeka. In. 46571, P.O. Box 95. Grand Island, Nb. .Sfodels jiroduced . 68801. 1515 E. 4th St. Silver-ton, Or. 97381, 1204 Mobile homes. (latest available information) Mill St. Honey Brook, Pa. 19344. P.O. Box 368. Grand Prairie, Tx. 75050, 2444 W. Main St. KI \lodels produced: I ~ 12'wide: 43-70' 1.3 bdrm. 14'wide: 5(t'-70' 1-3 bdrm. NAMCO IND., INC. Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'wide: 43'-60' 1.3 hdrm. (Sub. Zimmer Ilomes Corp.) 300 Six Span Rd., Elkhart, Expandable Rooms: 7' x 10' & 7' x 14' slide.a-bay in. .16514. Ph: AC 219-523-2188. in business since 1962. lvg on most models. Paul 11. Zimmer. dim. bd., Bernard T. Budd, pres.; David Special Units: Commercial & church models. Curland. v.p.; Roger Williams, v.p. pur.: Jas. Stanley g.m.; Jack Scott. dir. sls.; RuM. Pickrell, sm.; Cecil Holmes, p.s. *NEW YORKER HOMES CORP. Branch: Newton, Ks. 67114, 1400 Spencer Rd., Ph; 7(tl Collins Rd., Elkhart, In. 46514. Pu: AC 219-522- AC 316-283-4591. Robt. Namisnak, g.m.; Tony Vernon, 3380. In business since 1959. Donald E. Castello, pres.: n.m.: Elmer Vega. pa. Philip A. Shafer, g.m. & sm.; Ernie Welsch, p.s.: Ken ,3fodel,n pcodticcd: Harrison, pit. mgr. 1 2'wide: 2.3 bdrm. Models produced: * NASHUA HOMES 12'wide: 60' 1-2 bdrm $7995; 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm $8995- (I)iv. Coocliemco. Inc.) 610 N.E. 76th St., Kansas City \l C-Il IS P1 &C 816 436 3800 1 bus est s ce 1949 ~p~0R0509~ ~ nit 1 g 12 d oii.ib \\. ec rentien, pres. 60' 65' & 0' $500 BRANCHES: Tulare, Ca.: Macon. Ga.: Boise, Id.; Montoursville, Pa.; Greenfield, Tn.; Tyler, Tx.; NEWPORT HOMES, INC. Wichita Falls, Tx. RIe. 443, Pine Grove, Pa. 17963. Ph: AC 717-345-2531. Moth ls peorluced. In business since 1966. P. E. Moron, pres.; E. Gorman - lobile homes. & R. D. Weber, reg. nm's; John Caldwell, p.s.; \\m. * NATIONAL MOBILE HOMES Jennings, plt. mg (Div. National Homes Corp.) 42.3 5. Paula Dr., Dunedin, Models produced; Fl 33528. Pls: AC 813.733.1131. In business since i~o. 12'wide: 44' & 50' 2 hdrm 83995-84295; 56', 60', 64' Waiter J. Piper, pres.: Glenn D. Harper, v.p. nis.; Cunarn & 70' 2-3 bdrm 84594-$6895. Gavarn. v.p. pur.; Jas. LeVines, v.p.; Jas. Fontaine, dir. sic.: Join Thompson, dir. prod. NOBILITY HOMES, 1NC. BRANCHES: Tempe. Ax. B52B1, Alexander Recviskt, 1923 5. W. College Rd., P.O. Box 1275, Ocala, Fl. 32670. pit rngr.; Oliver Geeting, n.m.; Gary Alhright, p.s Palm Ph: AC 904:629.0085. In business since 1967. Terry Trex- Harbor, Fl. 33563, Rte. 1, Box 576. Edwin Lampman, Icr, pres. & g.m.; Jesse j. Bridensttne, n.m.; Tlsomas F. pit. mgr.: Richard Spivey, n.m.; John Baddern, pa. Gray, Carroll, pa.: PanI E. Etzcom, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. Ga. 31032, Stephen Rowen, pit. mgr.; Thon. Schneider, o~1s produced; m: John Davis, p.s. Austin, Tx. 78701, Thon. Hard- 12'wide: 48' 1 bdrm; 50' 2 hdrm; 52' 1 bdrm; 56' 1.2 ing. plt. mgr.; Weston Carter, sm.: Roht. Conover, p.s. bdrm: 60' & 64' 2.3 bdrm. Divisions: Knox Mobile Homes, Thomson, Ga. 30824, Doublewide Units: 24'wide; 48' 2 hdrm. Rout. Strickland, pit. mgr.; Mark Becker, n.m.; Jan. Fian. dccc. p.s. National Mobile Homes. Tyler, Tx. 75701, Lar- NORRIS IND., INC. rv Osborne, pit. mgr.: Rick Pfeil, .m. National Mobile Hws'. 11W, Bean Station, Tn. 37708. PIn: AC 615-586- Itomen. Bicknell, In. 47512. John Thompson, pit. mgi'.; 2411. In .businens since 1966. Eph Gone. pres.; Genie G,monon Roggs. n.m.; Wm. Osborne, ~ Gone, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Fran Dennev, n.m.; Jim Gone, p.s. Models produced: Models produced: 12'wide: 48' & 52' 1.2 hdrrn .84200.85000: 60' 2-3 hcirm 12'wide: 61' & 662-3 bdrm. .$5000.$6500; 64' & 68' 2-4 bdrm 85500.87500. 14'wide: 60' 1-3 hdrm $7500; 64' 2-4 bdrm S8000. * NORTHERN STAR MOBILE HOMES, INC. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 44' 1.2 bdrm 88000; 52' Stratford, Wi. 54484. Ph: AC 715.687-2311. In business & 60' 2.3 bdrm 23200.810,000. . since 1960. D. \V. Ferring, pres.; Dean Wieland, g.m.; Gordon Ehrike, n.m.; Ken Brett, pa.; Floyd Farmer, pIt. NCI MOBILE HOMES DIV. supt. (Sub. ATCO md. Ltd.) 1205 Northland Dr., Box 530, If odds produced; Nampa, Id. 83651. Ph: AC 208-468-8455. In business 12'wide: 60' 1-2 bdrm $6895; 64' & 68' 1.3 bdrm $7195- since 1965. B. D. Southem, pren.; K. Knobel, sm.; J. A. $7495. Clark, g.m.; H. A. Young, p.s.; H. Schanbeck, pit. mgi'. 14'wide: 64' & 68' 1.3 bdrm $8095.$8395. `Firm's Adeerthement Appears In This sine d . 52 essite eieE/nmcnEATtmnAL VEHICLE DEAt.E* PAGENO="0139" [ ~t'~iILthL1Ill~ 1~iL~tll~iith] Doublewide Units: 24widc: 48' & 52' 2-3 bdrm $12,. 800.81 1,400. Special Units: Classrooms & commercial models. NORTHERNAIRE HOMES, INC. (Sob. Nortliwood & Deerwood Plants) Box 6, Auburn. dale, \\`i. 54412. Pb: AC 715-652-2101. In business smce 1)11)5. Cerakl Toberman, prrs.; Ilill Lemon. g.m., head pa. & pit. ngr.; lion Nlilclirllrttr, sm.; Iloss-ard Sipe, pa.; Jim Anderson, prod. mgr. .\hslels J(rO(!u('((h 12'wide: 53' 2 bdrm $5000; 63' 2 l)drm; 68' 2.3 hdrm $7000. 14'wide: 53' & 63' 2 bdrm $5500.$7500; 68' 2.3 bdrm $9500. Special Units: Ilanks, dormitories, commercial & custom * NU.WAY MOBILEHOME MFG. CO., INC. P.O. lox 4463, Fl. Worth, Tx. 76106. Ph: AC 817-232- i~150. In business since 1962. Allen Blair, pres.; Lou Easterling, sin.; i)on Clsambless, g.m.; Don Norris, p.a.; Itoh O'I)eli, prod. mgr. .110(1(15 1(rodu('(d: 1 O'wide: Costons nn)dels mile. 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm $4925; 60' 2-3 bdrm $5873-$7495; 64' 3 bdrm 86845-58675. 1 4'wide: Custom models only. Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 50' 2 bdrm $9500; 55' & 60' 3 bdrm 89800-810,100. 24'wide; 55', 60', 64' & 70' 3 bclrm 810,500-812,500. Special Units: Sec. housing & custom models. 0 Crahiree, pit. mgr. 3!or!el.s produced: 12'wide: 48', 51)' & 56' 1-2 hdrm $3800-$5300; 61)' 1.3 lsdrns $58tt0; 64' & 70' 2-3 hdrm $650047200. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 37' 2 hdrm $7200; 50' 3 bdrm $8400. 24'wide: 37' 2 bdrm $7600; 50' 3 bdrin $88011. Special Units: Classrooms, commercial & custom models. ORLANDO MOBILE HOMES. INC. P.O. Box 14185, Orlando, Fl. 32807. Ph: AC 305. (37 1-481)7. In lsssstncss since 1969. A. H. Kilbey, pros. 3!odel.s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) OMEGA HOMES (Div. Tift-Dodge Corp.) P.O. Box 258, Hwy. 319, Omega, Ca. 31775. Ph: AC 912-528.4291. In business since 1969. Silas llardin, Jr., pros.; Homer L. Cline, v.p. mfg.; Robt. L. Colby, v.p. mktg.: Joe Rocker, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 56' & 60' 1-2 lolrm $6995.$7995: 64' & 68' 1-4 lsdrm $8995-.$9995. OUCHITA MOBILE HOMES Miller Rd., Box 152E, Monroe, La. 71201. Ph: AC 318- 325.4778. In business since 1968. \V. C. Coggins, owner. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) *OXFORD HOMES (Dts. Parksvood Ilomrs, Inc.) County Rd. #4, P.O. Box 521, lliddiehnrv. In. 46540. Ph: AC 219.825.2149. In business since 1968. Raymond Bassett, pres.: Jas. 0. Lose. ts, g.m. all pits.; Earl Looter, g.s.m.: Ronald J. Freshour, brad p.a.: Tom O'llara, pit. mgr.; Wm. Compton, n.m.; Robt. Kimes, pa.: Jim Van Dam, pit. mgr.; Jim Wiess, prod. mgc. ZlIoe!els produced: 12'wide: 60', 62', 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 5' x 12' tip-out Ivg on 62', 65' & 70' models; 7' x 12' roll-out Ivg on 60', 62', 65' & 70' models. OZARK MOBILE HOMES MFG. CO., INC. Hwy. .4(71 - Box 191, Neosho, Mo. 64850. Ph: AC 417- 451.1224. In business since 1960. A. B. Caudell, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) *PACEMAKER MOBILE HOMES (Sub. Csicrdon md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259. Louisville, Ky. `11)201. (Fm' persssnssrl & models produced see Cnerrlon hid.. Inc. issdis'idual listing.) BRANCHES: Elkhart, In.; Ocala, Fl.; Manhattan. Ks.; Scranton, Pa. 3549 OBERLIN TRAILERS. INC. P.O. lbs 101. Oberltss. Ks. 67759. Ph: AC 913.475.2311. In lsssissess sissre 1966. Ibill Ulory, pros. & g.m.: Betty lles\. v.p.; Dick Murray, pa. ,llssilils jseodsiced: 12'wide: 60', 63' & 65' 2-3 lsdrm. *ODYSSEY HOMES. INC. Csssndv Rd. #3. Elkhsart. In. 46514. Pb: AC 219-293.3548. In bnsissrss sissce 1969. Milton Dreskin, pres.: Wm. Schnei. dec. v.p. sis.; Karl B:dveat, g.m.: Dale Cuip, pa.; Fred Ysssls'r, pit. mgc.: Lloyd Miller, pIt. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: (10' & (14' 2.3 lsdrm $9000-$l0,700: 68' 2-4 bdrm 512,9111). Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' tip-out $470; 8' x 12' roll. (((It $675. *OLD ORCHARD HOMES, INC. RB. #51 North. Box 55, Assna, II. 62906. Ph; AC 618- 893-2126. Is, business since 1969. jack Lewis, prrs.: Vinre Niesess. g.m.; Frank Niesen, six. dir.; L. A. Bedford, dir. operatiosss. Models produced: Mobile Isssmrs. (latest available information) PACIFIC MOBILE IND. 1614 E,, Holt Blvd., Ontario, Ca. 91762. Ph: AC 714. OLDSMAR IND., INC. 984.5910. In business since 1966. Thos. H. Core, pros.. P.O. Box 306, State RIo. #584, Oldsmar, Fl. 33557. Ph: g.m. & pit. mgr.; Chuck Perrot, n.m.: Harry Chudacoff, (Tampa) AC 813-855-4455. In business since 1967. H. pa.: Ray Kogust, prod. mgr. Fay Parkes, pros. & n.m.; Ron Eberspeaker, pa.; Floyd E. Models produced: Firm's Advertisement Appears In This Issue d .54 MORILE HOME/RECREATIONAL VEHICLE DEALER PAGENO="0140" rJ~14J1~ _I~i1~J1~ I 12'wide: (30' 2-3 bdrm 56795-56895. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 45', 51' & 55' 2 bdrm 57295-89495 24'wide: 45' 51' & 60' 2 bdrm .58495- -510.695. Special Units: Cuninwrs-iai models from 8'wide 30' to .nivssidlli 8 Ieiiglli. PACESETTER MOBILE HOMES 185(1 \V. Pomona Rincon, Coruiia. Ca. 91720. Ph: AC 714-737-7776. In business since 1968. howard B. Wag- ModeLs produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) PALMETTO HOMES OF LAURENS, INC. P.O. Box 579. Laurens. Sc. 293(30. Ph: AC 803-682- 3161. In business since 1963. Jas. A. Barnes, pres.; At- viii A. Nabors, sm.; Mike Able, p.s.; Allen W. White, pit. ngr.: \\. C. Lawson, 1)rod. mgr. \!othls produced: 12'wide: 41', 45', 47', 50' & 51' 2 bdrm; 55' & 60' 2-3 i)dIIn. PARK ESTATE HOMES (Div. Lndiosv Corp.) M.40 S., Dowagiac, Mi. 49047. Ph; AC 616.782-8604. In business since 1963. Dale Lyons, pres. 8 g.m.; Frank McKave, sm.; Don First, p.a.; John Williams. pit. mgc. .3lothLs lie;! iced: 12'wide: 52' & 56' 1.2 lndrm; 60', 62' & 63' 1-4 bdrm. Daublewide Units: 24'wide: 52' 3 bdrm. *PARKWOOD HOMES, INC. County Rd. #8, Bristol, Iii. 46507. Ph: AC 219-848-4421. Iii business since 1962. Raymond Bassett, pres.; Jas. Lewis, g.m.; Earl Lozier, g.s.m.; Ronald Freshour, head pa.; Richard O'Hara, n.m.; Elizabeth Custer, p.a.; Keith Furgeson, pit. supt. Branches: Moultrie, Ga. 31768, Industrial Pk., Michael Collura, pit. mgr.; \\Tm. Stuckey, sm.; Roht. Eunice, pa. Lufkin, Tx. 75901, Industrial Pk., Ralph Bayer, pit. mgr.; Larry Elliott, n.m.; Rnbt. Karr, pa. Divisian: Oxford Homes. (See individual listing.) .3! ode/s produced: 1 2'wide: 52' & 56' 2 bdrm; 60', 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm. 14'wide: 60' 2 bdrm; 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm (Texas pit. PARLIAMENT MOBILE HOMES DIV. (Brvson Furniture Mfg. Co., Inc.) P.O. Box 400, Rus- seilville, Al. 35653. Ph; AC 205.332-0111. In business since 1969. Gene 11. Brvson, pres. Moe/c/s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) PARTNERS PRIDE CORP. N. Edward St., Cassopolis. Mi. 49031. Pb: AC 616-445- 3831. In business since 1969. John B. Lonergan, pres.; Richard Eckmvre, v.p. & pa.: John Carman, v.p. & pit. M~rlels produced: 12'wide: 60' 2-3 bdrm $6000. Completely Expandable Wilts: &Ywide; 12' 2-3 hdrm $6750. SpecIal Units: Commercial models. d .56 * PATHFINDER MOBILEHOME. INC. 41)1) Nan,:: St., Spencer, Wi. 54479. Fl:: AC 715.659. 24 II. in business since 1953. Edward 0. Dirkn:a::, pres.. g.m. & pit. mgr.; Lou Bums, exec. v.p.; Jed Kaiser, n.m.; W. J. Straub, p.s.; Floyd ~Vichman, pIt. supt. BRANCH: Hastings, Pa. 16646, Russ Klein, pIt. mgr.; ed Kaiser, n.m.; RobI. Weaver, p.a. .1! ode/s produced: 12'wide: 52', 6(1' & 68' 2 bdrm $5I94.$9224. 14'wide: 52', GO' 8 68' 2 bdrm 85714.$9035. Doublewide Units: 24'sride: 40' & 48' 3 bdrn: $10,205. 5111.313(5. PEACHTREE HOUSING (Dis-. C. 0. Smith, Jr. Inch., Inc.) Rte. 6, ~slo:ilirie, Ga. 31768. Ph: AC 912.985-7717. In business since 1969. C. 0. Smith, Jr.. pres.; Ceo. Alexander, s.m.; Cecil Alvin, g.m.; J. L. Pate, p.a.; Floyd Strickland, pit. mgr.; Erman Perry 1:11. snpt. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm 56000-87400; 65' 3 hdrm $8400. Special Units: Classrooms & commercial models. PEMBROKE HOMES. INC. 106 Sheep Davis Rd., Concord, NIl. 03301. Ph: AC 603.225.3672. In business since 1966. Gerald E. EIweII, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest asailable infomnation) PERMA PORTA STRUCTURES, INC. P.O. Box .496, Homosassa Springs, Fl. 32646. Ph: AC 904-795~3642. In business since 1966. .\fodels produced: ~\luinle homes. (latest available information) PIEDMONT HOMES Hsv. #276 (Frontage Rd.) Simpsonville, Sc. 29681. Ph: AC 803.963-5188. In business since 1968. Harley B. Barnes, owner. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) PLANTATION HOMES IND.. INC. Hwy. 19 N., P.O. Box 475, Camihla, Ga. 31730. P1:: AC 912.336-5274. In business since 1967. Jas. B. Allen, pres.; Jas. Coforth, g.s.m.; Robt. Carpenter, v.p. & gets. opec. mgr.; Ralph Wilson, n.m.; Doug Sears, prod. mgr. BRANCHES: Homer, La. 71040, P.O. Box 510, Jack Finlavson, v.p. & gen. oper. mgr.; Richard Boss, n.m.; Robt. Naugle, p.a. Red Springs, Nc. 28377, P.O. Box 670, Mack McClung, v.p. & gen. oper. mgr.: Elwood Cooper. n.m.; Freddie Kitler, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 60', 65' & 70' 2-3 bdrm $599O.$9100. PORTABLE STRUCTURES. INC. Apple Rd., P.O. Box 268, Osceola, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219.674.8871. In business since 1958. Jan. E. Coan, pres. & pa.; Jan. L. Barker, n.m.; Edsv. Schmeling, pIt. supt. Models produced: 8'wide: 30', 35', 38' & 42' 2 bdrm $319543995. - 10'wide: 40' & 50,2 bdrm $3995.$4495. 12'wide: 3.5' & 40' 1 bdrm $399544395; 50' & 60' 2 bdrm 84695-55195. Special Units: Laboratories, rest rooms & commercial models. PORTA-BUiLD, INC. 100 Industrial Blvd., Washington, Ga. 30673. PIn: AC ROItLE KIIE/IECIEATINAL vtntctt DEALU 3550 Frm', Adsuetis.inent App..rs In This Is~se PAGENO="0141" 3551 -101-678-2193. In business since 1967. Ceo. C. Rodrignes, pu's.: Robt. Morton, pa. .\hslrls i)ro(1tcrd: 12wide: 44', 47' & 50' 2 bdrm $3500-$5500; 57' & 60' 2-3 dr $300().$8000 PORT-A-ROOM Thomasi mm, II. 61878. Ph: AC 217-643-6315. In business siam,- 909. ~\iorris \V. CofIev, owner; Don Watkins, prod. ,\f,u/,ls produced: Special Units: 12' x 40' portable beauty salon. 8' x 16' thru 12' x nw length port-a-room $1350 & up; commer- cial & custom models. PRAIRIE IND., INC. P.O. Ilox 206, Al)erd,-em,, Ms. 39730. Ph: AC 601-369- 6401. In business since 1969. Al Waltman, pres. ModmIs produced: ~slolulc' moines. (latest available information) *PRESTIGE.HOMES, INC. 220 Ceuiterville Rd., Lancaster, Pa. 17603. Ph: AC 717- .397.3774. lii l)iisiusess since 1968. Nathan N. Loss, pres.; W in. E. Itrabamit, sm.; John W. Fulton, g.m.; David H. \~aSoni. l).a. 3!oilm,1.s produced: 12'wide: 60', 64' & 68' 2 hdrm $10,500-$12,000. PRESTIGE IND., INC. 2121 N. llandlev l)r., Ft. Worth, Tx. 76112. Ph: AC 817-CLI-5529. In business since 1969. Ceo. E. Spears, Moth/s produced: Mol)ik homes. (latest available information) *PRICE.MEYER5 CORP. 1135 Ks-mit St., Flklmart, lii. 46514. Ph: AC 219-264- 7571. lii lnisiness since 1965. Ceo. Price, pres.; Roht. E. (riggs. g.m.: Mike Dave~, Sm.; fas. Haas, p.a.; Ceo. Frislw, 1)11. mgr. & P1~ snpt. Branch: Middlefown, Pa. 17057, Larry Frishy, pit. mgr.; Dean Meyers, sm.; Ceo. Fitch, pa. .\!oth-Is produced: 12'wide: 52', 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. PRINCESS HOMES, INC. (Sob. Zimmer homes Corp.) 777 S. W. 12th Ave., Pom- paumo Itcach Fl. 33060. Ph: AC 305-933.2604. In business since 1961. Paul 11. Zimmer, chm. bd.; Bernard T. Budd, pres.; David B. Curland, v.p.: Roger William, v.p. pur.; Ernie Remrlmlev, g.m.: Keith Heil, n.m.; Richard Creen, p.a. Branches: Parson, Ks. 67357, 901 N. 25th St., PIs: AC 316-421-0760, Losvell hluckstead, g.m.; Ray Smiley, sm.; \Vm. jungles. pa. Selinsgrove, Pa. 17870, \V. Sassafras St., Ph: AC 717-374-8111, Roht. E. Chancy, g.m.; Bruce hoover, p.a. .~f 0(1(1.1 ~uroeluced: islohile homes. (See Zimmer Homes Corp. listing.) PRINCETON HOMES CORP. Old Mavfield Rd., P.O. Box 2144, Danville, Va. 24541. Ph: AC 703-797-3144. In business since 1969. R. H, Ji- r;,nek, pres.; Boy Lester, g.m. Models produced: 1 2'wide: 62' 2 bdrm $8500, d -58 PYRAMID MOBILE HOMES, INC. P.O. itox 166, Addison, Al. 35540. Ph: AC 205.747.15(19. In business since 1969. Fred Ponvell, Jr., pres., g.m. & pa.; Don Laseter, sm.; Nolen Smith, prod. mgr. 3/ode/s produced: 12'wide: 52' & 56' 2 bdrm $4995.$5500; 60' 2-3 bdrn, $6350. R RAMADA HOMES (l)iv. Skyline Corp.) 1567(1 Perris Rd., Sunnymead, Ca. 92388. Ph: AC 714.653.1191 BRANCH: Ocala, Fl. Models produced: Domihless'ide mobile homes. RAMADA HOMES, INC. 1500 Railroad, P.O. l(ox 68, Earle, Ar. 72331. P1,: AC 501-792-8751. In business since 1968. Jimmy C. Dooley, pres. 3/ode/s ~sroduced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) RANADA MOBILE HOMES (Sill). Lane Wood md., Inc.) Burleson, Tx. 76028. P1,: AC 8t7.EI)5-1634. In busiusess since 1964. C. M. Crowd. em, pres.: Louiis \Vhitt, sm.; Bolu Hopper, pa.; Arlie Idol- lsm:,n, pit. mgr. 3/ode/s produced: 12'wide: 60'-8t(' 2-4 bdrm. 14'wide: 60'.80' 2-4 l)drm. Special Unifs: Custom models. RAVEN HOMES, INC. Old L:muumens Rd., i(ox 686, Clintoum, Sc. 29325. P1,: AC 8t)3.833-1848. In business since 1964. David T. Mixon, pres. Mode/a produced: \lohule homes. (latest available information) RAYMUR ACCEPTANCE CORP. RId. #2, Calva, II. 61434. In business since 1957. Lewis Murray, pres. Models produced: Classrooms. (latest available information) REBEL HOMES (Dis'. Skvhiuue Corp.) Itowe, In. 46746. BRANCH: Valdosfa, Ga. Models produced: Islobile homes. RED ARROW TRAILER CO. 7800 E. 40 hlsvv., Kansas City, Mo. 64129. Iii business since 1946. Mrs. Dorothy Friend, pres. lfodels./urodu,ced: Molutlr homes. (latest available infmurmatiouu) * REDMAN IND.. INC. 7800 Carpenter Freeway, l)allas. Tx. 75247: Ph: AC 214.631-6590. In business since 1937. Jas. Redman, chns. bd.; Lee Posey, pres.; Ken Hathaway, exec. v.p.; Tommy Thompson, g.s.m.; Bill Rowe, hsead p.a. Divisions: Boanza Homes, Flamingo Homes, Ilallmark Homes, Kirkwood Homes, New Moon Homes, Sheraton Homes. (See individual listings.) Subsidiary: Redman Western Corp. (See individual list. ing.) `Firm's Adverfisement Appears Iii ThIs Issue MOBILE HOME/RECBEATIONAL VEHICLE VEALEV PAGENO="0142" 3552 RITE-A-WAY IND., iNC. lox 13, Kimball, Nb. 69145. Ph: AC 308.235.4616. In loisiness since 1968. Joel \Viens, pres.; Gael Sears, g.m. & pa. .\lodr'ls produced: Special Units: Relocatable homes, two-story & commer- cial models. * RITZ-CRAFT. INC. (Div. The \Vickes Curl).) P.O. Itox 97, Argon, lii. .1651)1. Ph: AC 219-892-5171. In business since 1954. Larry j. Ritzenthaler, pres.; M. A. \`andenltossche, g.s.m. & g.m. East Div.; Vernon Saltsgiver, g.m. \Vest Div. Divisions: Sarasota, FL 33578. \Vhitfield Rd., Don Shanafelt, g.m.: Ralph Smith, sm. Argas, In. 46501, P.O. liox ~ Paul ~nleyers. pIt. mgr.; Rob Danielson, sm.; Mark Dunlap, pa. Vivian, La. 71108, 900 Pecan St.. Richard Rein, pit. mgr.; Dave Thomas, sm.; Ray Kaseman, p.a. Neligh. Nb. 68756, P.O. Box #4~, Clint Jarvis, g.m.; Lynn Smith, pa.; Don Riewer, sm. Maxton, Nc. 28364. Lauriiihorg-~sIaxton Air Base, SI. A. Vandenllossche, plt. mgr.; Itill Radfoed, sm.; Larry Walker, p.s. Miffiinburg. Pa. 17844, P.O. Ilox 70, Don Ritzenthaler, g.m.; Tom Saltsgiver, sm.; Lynn Ferster, pa. Shamakin, Pa. 17872, P.O. Itox 400, Dick Kerstetter, g.m.; Tom Magill, sm.; Jay Ssvartz, p.s. .\lodels produced: S'wide: 35' 1-2 hdnn 53200-53500. 10'wide: 35' 1 bdrm $3650. 12'wide: 50' & 56' 2 hdnn $4500 & $4800; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdr;n 55000-58000. Special Units: Sectio;sal Housing 52' x 20', 52' x 24', 36' x 24', 43' x 20' & 46' x 23' $7000-$10,500. ROADCRAFT MFG. & LEASING CORP. 139 W. Walnut, Gardena, Ca. 90247. Ph: AC 213-321- 0819. Its business since 1953. Stattley N. Levis, pres. If odds produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) ROGERS IND., iNC - 1900 Long Hollow Pike Rd., Gallatin. Tn. 37066. P1;: AC 615-452-5442. In business since 1967. Job)) Rogers, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) ROLLOHOME CORP. 115 E. Upham St., Marshfield, Wi. 54449. Ph; AC 715- 384-2161. In business since 1944. John C. Bertschie, pres.; Neil Kille, sm.; Roland Frey, p.s.; \\m. Krasl;new- ski, pIt. supt. BRANCH: Jamestown, Md. Division: Wisconsin Homes, Inc., McMillan St. (\Vest), Marshfield, Wi. 54449. Models produced: 12'wide: 48', 52', 56', 60' & 64' 2 bdrm; 68' 3 bdrm. 14'wide: 60' 2 bdrm: 68' 3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 36', 40', 48' & 52' 3 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 6' x 10' x 10' add-a.room lvg no 12'wide: 60' & 68'. Special Units: Classrooms & commercial models. ROLLING HOME IND.. INC. (Sub. Rolling Intl., Inc.) 1000 Expressway Tower, Dal- las, Tx. 75206. Ph: AC 214-369-5121. In boxiness since 1969. Cbs. Howe, pres.; Hal Woel.fel, g.m.; Frank Cor- antham, sm.; Jan. Horton, pa. BRANCHES: Shawnee, Ok. 74801, P.O. Bus 368, A. T. Lindsey, pit. mgr.; Ros'ivell Stevens, sm.; Ervin Nunly, p.s. Brownwood, Tx. 76801, Ft. Worth Hwy., Tom Zigorsky, pit. mgr.; Bill Tullos, sm.; F. Klapper, pa. Models produced: Finin's Adnerthsemnnt Appears In This sic. cinch. 380 ~ H'~ ~ REDMAN WESTERN CORP. (Sub. Redman Ind., Inc.) 17171 E. Gale Ave., Industry, Ca. 91745. C. Thomas Johnsun, pres. Divisions: Industry. Ca.Gardena, Ca., Silverton, Or. .~l,uhl.s produced: 12'wide. duithlewide, completely expandable & cnmmer- REGENT HOMES CORP. (Sub. \looarclt bid., Inc.) P.O. Box 176, Syracuse, In. 46567. Ph: AC 219-457-3154. In business since 1964. Gaylord E. Jones. pres.; Jas. \Veidner, g.s.m.; Rnbt. Has- Se. head p~; l)avid Trover, sm.; Max Ganshorn, pIt. mgr.: Gerald Bitner, pa.; Hubert Dunithan, pIt. supt. BRANCH: Valdosta, Ga. 31601. P.O. Box 1707, RiII Bontrager, 1)11. nsgc. & sm.; Itoh Iludgsnn, p.s. M:,del.s produced; 10'wide: 43', 46', 50' & 55' 1-3 bdrm. 12'wide: 43' & 46' 1.2 bdrm; 50' 2 bdrm; 55' 2-3 bdrm; 6(1' & 65' 2-4 bdrm. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' tip-out; 7' x 10' & 7' x 12' r,,ll-,;nt. RELCO CORP. One helm Dr., N. Billerica, Ma. 01862. Ph: AC 617- 667-771 1. In business since 1965. 6. P. Langbert, pres.; H. E. Langbert, g.m.; H. Langbert, sm.; J. Phillips, p.s. Ztlodel.s produced: 10'wide: 35' 1 bdrm 53600-53900; 40' 2 bdrm $4795; 55' 3 hdr;n 56750-57250; 60' 2 l:drm $7750. 12'wide: 40' 1 hdrm $5000; 57' 3 bdrm 56750; 60' 2 hdm; $7755. Special Units: Commercial & modular units. REPUBLIC MOBILE HOMES CORP. Rte. 2. Laurens, Box 401, Laurens, Sc. 29360. Ph~ AC 80:t.6S2-3261. In business since 1969. Herman Sondov, bd. chins,;.; Ceo. Davis. pres., g.m. & sm.; E. Ostrovskv, "p.; lob Jones pa.; Ned Proctor, pIt. mgr. & pit. Supt. Models produced: Completely Expandable Units: 10'svide: 45' 1-2 bdrm. 12'svide: 45' 1-2 Isdrm. * RICHARDSON HOMES CORP. (Subs. Slier-n Corp.) 2421 S. Nappanee St., EIkl;arl, In. 46514. P1;: AC 219-523-1030. In business since 1964. Bsi,t. E. Richardson, pres.; Rudy A. Kroger, exec. v.p. BRANCHES: Plant City. Fl. 33566, Shannon Rd. & S. Frontage Dr. Shelby, Nc. 28150, Newhouse Rd. Waco. Tx. 76708. 1001 S. Loop 34, Texas Central Indus. Pk. Division: Sheffield Homes Co. (See individual listing.) Models produced: 12'wide: 47' & 52' 2 bdrm: 60', 63', 65' & 70' 2-4 bdrm. 14'wide: 65' & 70' 2-4 bum. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' Kingston cove, 8' x 12' & 8' x 16' Kingston rca on 12'nvide: 60', 63', 65' & 70' models. RICHLAND HOMES MPG. CORP. (Din'. Guerdon Ind., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 40201. (For personnel & models produced see Cuerdon I;td., Inc. individual listing). BRANCH: Manila, Ar. d-60 PAGENO="0143" [ ~iu~t~i~ ~t~Jj1iL~ sa~ini±~ 12'wide: 44', 50' & 56' 2 bdrm $3600.$4800; 60' & ((5' 2.3 bdrm $5500.$6000. 14'wide: 52', 56' & 60' 2 bdrm $6500.$7500; 65' 3 iidriii $8000. ROYAL HOMES, INC. 3401 Etiwaiida Ave., Mira Loma, Ca. 91752, Ph: AC 714~685.5277. In business since 1968. Robt. W. Morton, pres.; Jim Finley, sm.; Richard Hanson, pa.; Glenn Mathews, prod. ingr. Branch: Cloverdale, Ca. 95425, Lou Hamilton, g.m.; Rob;. Nlatorano, pit. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' 1.2 bdnn $6200.$6500. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 51' & 57' 2 bdrm $9100- $9600. 24'wide: 48' 2 lsdrm $9300; 55' & 60' 2.3 bdrm $1 1,000.$12,000. * ROYALTY HOMES, INC. (Sub. American Tent & Canvas, Inc.) Box 1408, LaFol- Idle, Tn. 37766. Flu: AC 615.562.8471. In business since 1967. Wm. B. Sanders, Jr., pres., g.m. & pit. mgr.; Betty Proviu;s, sm.; Billy Fox, pa.; Clarence Reasor, pit. supt. ?t(odu'l.s produced: 12'wide: 45' 2 bdrm $3995; 61' 23 bdrm $5500-$5600. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 48' 3 bdrm $9995. Special Units: Sectional housing 24'wide: 32'.56' 2.4 hdrns. ROYALTY MOBILE HOMES OF FLA., INC. Old 441 & Bay Rd., P.O. Box 927, Mt. Dora, Fl. 32757. Ph: AC 904.383.4185. In business since 1968. L. D. Thomson, pres. & g.m.; J. F. Sheppard, sm; Jas. C. Law- reuuce, p~ & pit. mgr.; Hoyt Prine, prod. mgr. hf ode/s produced: 12'wide: 38' 1 bdrm $3895; 44' 1.2 bdrm $4295; 47' 1 bdrm $4895; 50' 1.2 bdrm .$4895.$4995. 52' & 56' 2 lsdrm $5299.$5995. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 38' 2 bdrm $7495; 44' 2.3 bdrns 88195.88395; 52' 3 bdrm $9495. Special Units: Add.a.room, commercial & custom models, ROYCRAFTIND., INC. 117 1st St., Clsesaning, Mi. 48616. Ph; AC 517.845- 3(111. in business since 1929. T. L. Sullivan, pres.; B. J. Light, g.m.; T. Coffey, n.m.; John Funnell, pa. If odds produced: 12'wide: 51' 2 bdrm $4395; 60' 2.3 bdrm $5195.$7950. Special Units: Sectional housing 24'wide: 44' & 52' 3 lidrm $1 1,995.$12,995. S SABRE MOBILE HOMES, INC. 1520 W. Bristol St., Elkhart, In, 46514. Ph: AC 219. 264.9511. Iii business since 1967. Leo Roth, pres. & sm.; Don Niblock, Jr., g.m.; June Troeger, pa.; Martin Orna- towski, pit. mgr. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' 2 bdrm $8000. SAFEWAY MOBILE HOMES (The Commodore Corp.) 8712 W. Dodge Rd., Suite 4000, Omaha, Nb. 68114. Ph: AC 402.393.5000. In busi- ness since 1952. Meyer Katzman, dim. bd.; Daniel Katz- man, pres.; Morley Zipursky, exer. v.p.; John `iv. King, Sr. V.p. mktg.; Ray Isacd, v.p. pur. BRANCHES: Red Bay, Al. 35582, Ph: AC 205.356. 4424, Bob Orrick, pit. mgc.; Steve Logan, n.m.; Terry Bolding, pa. North Bend, Nb. 68649, Ph: AC 402. 652.3225, Jimmy Posey, pit. mgr.; Bill Gewecke, sm.; Emmet Maguire, pa. Roseburg, Or. 97470. Ph: AC 503.679.6721, Sterling Bustetter, pit. mgr.; Jack Willing. er sm.; Bob Vatter, pa. Bellefonte, Pa. 16823, Ph: AC 814-355.7511, Gordon Andersen, v.p. & pit. mgr.; Harry Hahn, n.m.; Bill McVicker, p.s. Models produced: 12' & 24'wide models. SAHARA MOBILE HOMES (Div. Biltmore Mobile Homes, Inc.) 13821 Redwood Ave., Chino, Ca. 91710. Ph: AC 714.628.8978. In busi- ness since 1951. L. T. Caruthers, pres.; Jack Johansen, g.m.; Jim Couvan, controller. Models produced: Mobile homes, *SALEM HOMES (Div. Winston md., Inc.) P.O. Box 167, Addison, Al. 35540. Ph: AC 205-747-1516. Paul Woodberry, pres.; Walter Abercrombie, pit. mgr.; Jim Long, sm.; Jack Phillips, pa. Models produced: 12'wide: 60' & 65' 2.3 bdrm $4800.$5800. SAVINA HOME IND.. INC. 3750 N. Broadway, Wichita, Ks. 67204. Ph: AC 316- TE8.3421. In business since 1968. Mike Savina, pres., sm. & pa.; A. Martin, pit. mgr. Models produced: 12'w,ide: 51' 2 bdrm $4000; 63' 3 bdrm $8000. Doublewide Units: 28'wide: 35', 47', 55' & 63' 3 bdrm $10,500-$20,000. Special Units: 24'wide see. housing & custom models. SCANDIA CAMPERS, INC. 5182 W. Broadway, Minneapolis, Mn. 55429. Ph: AC 612.533.6311. In business since 1963. Hans Ekrut, pren. Models produced; Mobile homes. (latest available information) *RUSHMORE HOMES P.O. Itox 1944, Rapid City, Sd. 57701. Ph: AC 605.342. 8377. Iii b;usiuuess siuuce 1957. V. L. Schiottnsan, pres. & g.m.; Mersvvn 13. Nilson, n.m.; Delves D. Herr, pit. mgr.; Gun. 11. Schulottman, pa.; Russell J. Calvert, prod. mgr. Zl/odel.s produced: 1 2'wide: 60' & 64' 2-3 bdrm $8540.$9340. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 48' & 52' 3 bdrm $11,515. $11,711). 24'svide: 52' 3 bdrm $12,535; 56' & 60' 3-4 bdrun $l3,520.$14,220. Special Units: Classrooms, relocatable homes, sec. hous- ing, two.story, commercial & custom models. Firm's Adverti,emenf Appears In This Issue SCHENKEL BROS. MFG. CO. Box 19, Brookviiie, In. 47012. Ph: AC 317-647.5066. In business sinus 1947. Models produced: l2wide: 60' 3 bdms $6900.$9800. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 60' 4 bdrm $13,500.$17,. 500. 3553. ChILE HOME/CECREATIOHAL VEHICLE DEALEI PAGENO="0144" 12'wide: 56' 2 bdrm 55580; 60', 64' & 68' 2-3 alrin 56495.58995. 14'wide: 60', 64' & 68' 2-3 bdrm. SHAMROCK MOBILE HOMES (Div. Flynn md., Inc.) Markley Rd., Plymouth, In. 46563. Ph: AC 219-935-5111. In business since 1969. Patrick J. Flynn, pres.; B. G. Scheetz, p.a.; Mike Human, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 602 odim $6400. SHAR-LO HOMES (l)iv. U.S. md.) 19th & J. St. W. Hy. 32, Tekainah, Nh. 68061. Plc: AC 402.374-2244. In business since 1968. Lloyd Beaves, pres.; Macian Velgersdyk, n.m.; Robt. Lib- b~., isa.; Donald Comes, prod. mgr. Models jcrorluced: 12'wide: 55' & 60' 2 bdrm; 65' 2-3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 12'wide: 53' 3 bdrm. SHAWNEE MOBILE HOME MFG., 1NC. (Div. I-tolling Home md.) P.O. Box 368, Municipal Air- Port, Shawnee, OK. 74801. Ph: AC 405.273.7031. In business since 1968. A. T. Lindsay, pres. :Sfodcls produced: Moi)ile homes. (latest available information) * SHEFFIELD HOMES CO. (Div. Richardson Homes Corp.) 2421 5. Nappanee. Elk- hart, to. 46514. Ph: AC 219.523.1030. In business since 1909. Robert E. Richardson, pres.; Rudy A. Kroger. exec. v.p. &g.m. BRANCHES: Plant City. Fl. 33566, Shannon Rd. & S. Frontage Dr. Shelby, Nc. 28150. Newhouse Rd. Waco, Tx. 76708, 1001 S. Loop 34, Texas Central Industrial Pk. ,`tlodels produced: 12'wide: 60', 63' & 65' 2.3 bdcm. 14'wide: 65' & 70' 2-3 hdrm (Texas pit. only.) Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' Kingston Cove, 8' x 12' & 8' x 16' Kingston cm on 12'wide: 60', 63', 65' & 70' models. SHELBY HOMES CORP. (The Commodore Corp.) 8712 W. Dodge iLl., Suite 4(100, Omaha, Nb. 68114. Plc: AC 402.393.5000. I)) l)usi- ness since 1952. Meyer Katzman, chm. bd.: Daniel Katz- man, I)res.: Morley Zipursky, exec. v.p.; John \V. King, or. v.p. mktg.; Ray Isard, v.p. pur. BRANCHES: Thomasville, Ga. 31792, Ph: AC 9t2- 226.0316, Roger Burdge, pit. mgr.: Chas. Tidwehl, p.a. SHERATON HOMES (Div. Redman md., Inc.) (For corporate address & per- sonnel see Redman md., Inc.) PLANTS: Baaz, Al. 35937, P.O. Box 459. Alma, Mi. 48801, 925 E. Superior St. Gardena, Ca. 90247, 777 W. 190th St. Hazieton, Pa. 18201, P.O. Box 189. Models produced: 12'wide: 38'-65' 1-3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 20' & 24'wide: 48'-60' 1-3 hdrm. SHERWOOD HOMES (Div. Winston Ind., lice.) P.O. Box 2157, Naichitoches, La. 71457. Ph: AC 318-352-8224. In business since 1968. Paul Woodberrv, pros.; John Davis, pit. mgr.; Bill Meek, sm.: Billy Wayland, p.a. Models produced: 12'wide: 52' 2 bdrmn; 60' 2-3 bdrm; 65'3 bdrm. Rrrn's Adr'erfisement Appears iii This issue circle 382 ~ 3554 Shelby (Arlington County) Tn.; Ph: AC 901.867. 2231, Patch \Vest, pIt. mgr.; Ross McGoff, sm.; Cuff \lahie, pa. .\hnlel.s produced: I 2'wicl:' nodes. SCHRAMKE, ARTHUR E. 2239 E. Apache Blvd., Tempo, Az. 85281. Plc: AC 602- 967-4934. In business since 1949. Arthur E. Schmmke, .\lodeLs produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) *SCHULT MOBiLE HOME CORP. (Sub. Schulz Ilonces. Inc.) P.O. Box 151, U.S. 20, Mid- dlebnrv. lii. 46540. Plc: AC 219.82.5-2131. In business since 1935. CIros. 11. Becker, pces.: W. E. Wells, g.m.; Francis M. Kennarci. g.s.m.; \V. \V. Hatfield, head p.s.; D. C. hi ohirmaci. mkt. mgr.: Jon Jones, n.m.: Ray Miller, pa.: \Valler E. Miller, pIt. supt. Branches: Plainville, Ks. 67663, P.O. Box 409, L. R. I-host, pit. nsgr.: Mike Brennan, n.m.; Charlie Homer, p.a. Guthrie, Ky, 42234, Gerald Troyer. pIt. mgr. Eikton, Md. 21921, P.O. Box 219, Pat Shiels, pIt. mgc.; Dan Shields. s.m.; Jinc Paskiet, p.s. Irorawood, Mi. 49938, P. 0. Box (636, Don Shiaw, pit. mgr.; Ray Porter, n.m. Models ;croclueed: 12'wide: 52' 2 bdrm 55000.$6500: 60', 65' & 70' 2-3 hdrns 5.5700-59100. 14'wide: (iS' 3 brlrm .56900.57500. SCOTIAN MFG. CO. Itox 41. hlndson. Nh. 03051. Ph: AC 603-889-1312. In b;csincess since 1966. Carl Edwards, pres. & pa.; Frank Smith. g.m. & n.m.; Ralph Philbrook, pIt. mgr. Models produced: 1 2'wide: 5(1', 55', 60' & 65' 2-3 hdrm $5250-$8000. 14'wide: 50', 55', 60' & 65' 2-3 hdrm $6000-88800. Special Units: Cottages, commercial models. SCOTT RICH HOMES 710 \V. 9th St., Claremore. OK. 74017. Ph: AC 918- 1103.54.33. In business since 1967. Ralph Connely, Jr., pres. & gin. Sloth's produced: 12'wide: 50' & 60' 2 bdrm; 64' 2.3 bdrm. SECTIONAL HOUSING SYSTEMS, INC. (Sub. Fnqua Homes, Inc.) 1772 Reynolds Ave., Santa Ana, Ca. 92705. Ph: AC 714.546-4730. Dale L. Miller, pros.; Cnerdon T. Wolfe, v. chm.; Norman Swisher, sls. record.; Robt. N. W'est, dir. oper.; Ronald J. Benedi'.t, see-tress.; harvey Morse, g.m. Model-s produced: Special Units: 2, 3 & 4 bdrm houses ready' for delivery to customer's site. SELECT HOMES, INC. Industrial Pk., Cannon Falls, Mn. 55009. Ph: AC 507~ 263-6381. In business since 1968. Robt. J. Mitchell, Sr., pres. & g.m.; Dean Gallant, s.m.; M. D. Ostrom, pa.; Robt. Proehl, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. Models produced: d .64 PAGENO="0145" ~` U SHIPP.ETTE MOBILE HOMES, INC. lS51~ Independence Ave., Waterloo, Ia. 50705. Ph: AC 319-2:34-1579. In business since 1958. Robt. L. Reid, pres. ,\!oth1.s j:rothieed: ~shlnle homes. (latest available information) SILVERCREST IND.. INC. 13615 Excelsior Dr., Santa Fe Springs, Ca. 90670. Ph: AC 213-773-6622. In lmsiness since 1969. Herman Kaye, pres.: llosvard Sherman, V.P. & g.m.: Bill Friend, sm.; Sidney Shriber, pa.; Oscar Fetter, prod. mgr. Mothis peothiced: 12'wide: 56' 1 bdrm; 61)' 1-3 bdrm; 64' 2-3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 48' & 52' 2 bdrsn. 24'wide: SI' & 60' 2 bdrm. SKYLARK HOMES, INC. P.O. Ilox 587, Hwy. 129 N., Ocilla, Ca. 31774. Ph: AC 912-468.7464. In business since 1969. Dr. A. L. Dormi- nev, pres.; Elijah Waldorn, g.m. & pit. mgr.; Alton Carver, Sm.: Chas. Spires. p.a.; Monroe Bagley, prod. mgr. .\(odds produced: 12'wide: 52' 1-2 bdrm $3995-$4095: 60' & 64' 2-3 bdrm $4500-$4950. SKYLINE CORP. 3R):l N. Central, Phoenix, Az. 85012. Ph: AC 602-279- 4457. In business since 1952. Arthur j. Decio, pres. & chm. bd. BRANCHES: Decatur, Al.; Hemet. Ca.; Sunny. mead, Ca.; Ocala. FL; Valdosta, Ga.; Boise. Id.; Elkhart. In.; Howe. In.; Arkansas City. Ks.; Hal. stead. Ks.; Bossier City. La.; New Ulm, Mn.; Char. lotte, Nc.; McMinnville. Or.; Leola, Pa. Models peoduced: rstobile homes & sectional housing. SKYLINE MOBILE HOMES (I)iv. Skyline Corp.) P.O. Box 743, 2520 By Pass Rd., Elkl:art, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219-522-5660. BRANCHES: Decatur, Al.; Hemet, Ca.; Ocala. Fl.; Boise, Id.; Halstead, Ks.; Bossier City. La.; New Ulm, Mn.; Charlotte, Nc.; Leola,Pa. Models produced: Mobile homes. SOUVENIR ENTERPRISES. INC. P.O. Drasver E, Fitzgerald, Ca. 31750. Ph: AC 912-423. 2068. In business since 1968. E. A. Mann, pres.: Chas. F. llosvinas, g.m., sm., pit. ngr. & prod. mgr.: Harold McKie, Mod(-ls jeoc!iic~l: 12'wide: 48', 52' & 56' 2-3 hdrm $3595.$4395; 60' & 65' 2.4 l:drin $4795.$5295. *SQUIRE HOMES. INC. (Sub. Wolverine md.) P.O. Box 205, Constantine, Mi. 491)42. Ph: AC 616-435-2325. In business since 1964. Mark jolmson, pres.; M. E. Wickersham, g.m.; Jack Brew- er. dir. sls.; Ted Jones, sm.; Lester Myers, pa.; Carleton lush, 1)11. saps. 3lod:l.s produced: 12'wide: 52' & 56' 1-2 bdrm; 60' & 64' 1.3 bdrm; 68' 2-3 bdrm. STAN CRAFT HOMES (Div. Atlas Flumes Corp.) 249 Old River Rd., Wilkes' lane. Pa. 18702. Ph: AC 717.825.5691. In business since 1968. Stanley A. Urbanski, pres.: N. Richard Havlish, g.s.ns.: E. II. Lincoln, sm.; Bernard Kleinman, pit. mgr.; l)onald Pulsl, pa. itlodels produced: 12'wide: 60' 2-3 bdrm $6000-$7700; 61' 2 bdrm $7500- $8500. STANDARD COACH CO. 871 E. Main St., Nanticoke, Pa. 18634. Ph: AC 717-735- 4800. In business since 1956. Oliver D. Rome, pres.; Donald L. Rome, pIt. mgr.; Wm. H. Gibson, n.m.; An. tlsoisy J. DiMaria, pa.; Emery Yurko, pIt. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 55'-70' average 65' $8995. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' tip-out lvg $750: 5' x 19' tip-mit lvg $1200. STANFORD MOBILE HOMES, INC. (Sub. Modern Diversified Ind.) Hwy. 27 N., Stanford, Ky. 40484. Ph: AC 606.365-2105. In business since 1966. B. A. DeLoacls, pres.: Forrest Hammock, Jr., g.m.; Hugh Kirkpatrick, n.m.: i)erisie Yakstis, p.a. Ill odds produced: 1 2'wide: 60' & 64' 2 hdrm $5389-$5779. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 40' & 47' 3 bdrm $9195- $10,295. STARCRAFT MFG. CO., INC. 805 Goxvan Field, P.O. Box 4393, B,,ise, Id. 83701. P1,: AC 208-342-8913. In business since 1965. Leroy Burbank, ~)lods'ls 1)edtlce(1: Slolsile hsrmes. (latest availahsle information) STATE BUILDING CO., INC. Ilox 735, Morgasstosvn, \V. \a. 26505. Ph: AC 304.292. 7924. In bosiness since 1925. Charles Camp, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) STATLER HOMES MFG., INC. (Div. Cuerdon md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 40201. (For personisel & models produced see Cuerdsm hid., Inc. individual listiisg.) BRANCH: Waycross, Ga. 3555 ci -66 * STERLING CORP. P.O. Ilox 415, White Pigeon, Mi. 49099. Ph: AC 616- 483-7651. In business since 1969. Cordon Stock, pres.; SPARKTON IND. Chas. Sargent, exec. v.p.; A. L. Hostetler, n.m.; Norton Rte. 1, Boomer, Nc. 28608. Ph: AC 919.921-3411. In Barnett, pa.; C. H. Stone, pit. supt. business since 1968. Dewitt P. Sparks & Icelene Sparks, Models produced: partners. . 12'wlde: 80' & 62' 2 bdrm. Models produced; Expandable Rooms: 4' x 12' tip'out lvg; 7' x 12' ex.tra. Mobile homes. (latest available information) rm Ivg. *Ffrm's Adeerthemenl App.ars In ThIs us* ISRILE HSME/IECHEATIIMAL VEHICLE StALES 48-254 0 - 70 - 10 PAGENO="0146" *STEW.GAR, INC. P.O. tins 217, Bristol, In. 46507. Pb: AC 219.848-4441. In lmsiiiess since 1946. Stewart F. Gardner, pres.; Keith A. SclniIt. 0.10.: Pat:t Slavtun. Sm.; Kathr u L~ngbrake, pa.; t)ah (.:rtli:t'r, pit. ngr. .~1,sI, Is produced: 12'wide: 52' & 60' 1.3 Ij,Wm. Expandable Rooms: 7' x 11' fold.a.way. Special Units: Custom models. * STRAHAN MFG. Co. 611(1 \V. 1 lilisboro Ave., Tampa, Fl. 33614. Daniel \V. Strait.:::. P~ BRANCH: Gcav.Velle \lubile Homes, Inc. 1!oh'l.s produced: Mobile nones. (latest available information) STUART MOBILE HOMES. INC. P.O. los 8, llsvy. 8121-57, Grapevine, Tx. 76051. In bust' iitss since 1964. Richard A. Stuart, pres. Models produced: Mobil:' homes. (latest available information) STUDEBAKER SOUTHERN. INC. BR 83. itox 8()5, Lake \\`ales, Fl. 33853. Ph; AC 813- 6:38.1915. In toisiness since 1968. H. S. Studebaker, pres.; II. R. Studebaker, p.o.; J. V. Rabberman, n.m.; Jas. Il. Phillips, tilt. mgr. .lfodds produced: 12'wide: 36' 1 bd:m $4525-$4795; 52' 1.2 bdrm $5860- 86525; 6)1' & 64' 1-3 bdrm $6525-$7995. Special Units: Classrooms, commercial & custom models. STYLE.MAR HOMES (l)iv. Rocksvin Corp.) P.O. Box 30, Deimar, Al. 35551. P1:: AC 205-486.5287. in business since 1967. B. F. Har- rison. pres.; Jas. E. Teas, g.m.; Josh Dobbs, s.m.: tl. B. Ilucli's:n:. pa.; Willis Souls, pit. mgr. & prod. mgr. ,`dod:Is produced: 12'wide: 56' 2 bdrm $4514; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $4839- 86027. SUNCOASTER MOBILE HOMES. INC. 9190 Ulinerton Rd., Largo, Fl. 33540. Ph: AC 833-584- 11:31. In business since 1958. Jesse \V. King, pres. Models produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) SUN.DANCER. INC. P.O. lbs 95, Noel, Mo. 64854. Ph: AC 417-475-3115. In l)usiness since 1968. Guy E. Deaton, pres.; Less' Rich- ardson. g.m.: Joe Fischer, s.m.; Buddy Peck, p.o.; Frank Corv, pit. supt. .Mod:'l.s produced: 12'wide: 50', 56' & 60' 2 hdrm $4395.$5295: 65' 2-3 i)dflii $5995. SUNHOME MFRS., INC. 6212 17th St. E., Bradentun, Fl. 33505. Pit: AC 813- 735-3771. in business since 1959. Geo. A. Robinson, pres. & sm.: C. M. 1)oardman. g.m.; Karl K. Kersvood, pa.; I):a:ald Ilosvard. lilt. mgr. & pit. supt. ?ilod:l.s produced: 12'wide: 38', 42', 48' & 50' 1 bdrm .86462-87290; 52' & 56' 1-2 bdrm S7380.$869i; 60' 1-3 bdrm $78.'30-$8980; (84' 1-3 bdrm $8835.$9285. 4.68 Doublewide Units: 20'svide: 45' & 5(1' 2 lnlcm 510,125- .8 1(1.1(31): 55' & 6(1' 3 l:driu 511,475.812,150. 24'wid('; :G,, lii'. 41)'. 44', 48', 5)1', 52', 56' & 61)' 1.2 bdrm $9.2:t-GS 14.418. Special Units: Custom models. SYLVAN HOMES. INC. Ih:x 68. T::peka. In. 46571. Pb: AC 219-593-2406. In Inisiness since 1968. Jot::: C. Shea, pres.; Robt. Mabry, sin.: 1I::bi. Laitta, pa. lint/eli prod iced: 12'wide: 5(1' 2 bdcm; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm. T TANGLEWOOD MOBILEHOME MFG. CO. (I)iv. Ma(kiu.IIamric, Inc.) 131)5 5. Key Ave., P.O. Box 911. L::u:pasas. Tx. 76550. PIt: AC 512.5565841. Iii b:isi:o'ss siuce 1969. Itill Matkiu, pres.; Ben I I::mric, exec. & gui. Models j:roduced: 14'wide: 64' 2-3 l:drm $8995-$9395. *TAYLOR HOMES (Div. Tray Lumi:er Co.) 110 Leslie St., Trov, Nc. 27371. Ph: AC 919.576-6411. In business since 1957. Fred L. Taylor. pres.: Dos-id A. Whiteseil, g.m.; Itarry B. Lewis, Jr., sm.: Jas. Dailey, pit. supt.; Bob Thompson, pa. Branch: Southern Pines. Nc. 28387, P.O. Box 1290, Norman l)lack, pit. mgr.: Harry B. Lesvis, sm.; Waiter Posvers, pa. Models produced: 1O'wide: 44' 2 bdrm $3295. 12'wide: 44' & 47' 2-3 bdcm .$3995.$4295: 51' 2 bdrm .84495: 56' 2-3 bdms S4995-S5295; 57' 3 bdrm $5395; 60' 2.1 bdrm .85495.86995; 65' 2-3 bdrm $6950. Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 44' & 50' 3 bdrm $7095. S7495. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 10' tip-out lvg .$223-$350. Special Units: Classrooms, 60' x 12'wide d::rmitories & duplex apis, commercial & custom models. TECHNICAL DIMENSIONS. INC. 1803 Field House Ave., Elkhart, In. 465t4. Ph: AC 219. 524-1023. In business since 1965. Roy Swartz, pres. Models produced; Mobile l:s:mes. (latest available information) *TEK HOMES Rte. 3, Eikhart, In. 46514. Ph: AC 219.293-7551. In business since 1969. Alex Seskin, pres.; Edsv. Wagen. somer. g.m.; Ed Keiie~, sm.; Ken Maher, pa.: Tad Day. is. pit. mgr. Modei.s produced; 12'wide: 40', 50' & 60' 2 hdrm $4000-$6500; 65' 3 bclrm 86000-87000. 14'wide: 60' 2 bdrm $65(lO-$7000; 65' 3 bdrm $7500- $8000. Doublewide Units: 22'svide; 36' 2 bdcm $8500-$9000. 24'svide: 48' & 60' 3 i:drm 89500-812,000. Special Units: Relocatable homes. sec. housing, two-story. commercial & custom models. *TIDWELLIND.. INC. P. 0. Box 417, Haievviile, Al. 35565. Ph; AC 205-486- 7511. In business since 1969. Don Tidweli, pres.; Frank Stidl:am & Vernon Berry, prod. mgr's. BRANCHES: Haleyville, Al 35565. Doipi:in Homes, Carl Barton. pit. mgc.: Don Fox, sm.; Jack Long, pa. Bear Creek, Al. 35543, Marion Homes, Larry Tidss'eii, `Firm's Ads'ertisemen( Appears In This Issue MOBILE HOME/OECBEATIOOAL VEHICLE DEALEC 3556 PAGENO="0147" 12'wide: 50' 1-2 bdrm $7000-$9000; 62' 2 bdrm $7500- $9000. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 36', 40', 44' & 48' 2 bdrsn $9l)oo-$ 14,000. TRAVELAND, INC. \V. Washington, Box 303, Osceola, In. 46561. Ph: AC 219-674-8809. Iii business smce 1969. Gene B. Munson, 31od(l.s produced: Mobile homes. (latest available information) *TRAVEL.LINE ENTERPRISES 955 Miner Rd., Elkhart, In. 46514. Phi: AC 219-264- 3127. Iii, lnisiness since 1967. Chas. Jackman, pres.; D. B. Meltride, sm.; Pat Dilorenzo, p.a.; Mel Hyman, pIt. ,\fodrl.s pro~Iuced S'wide:. 28' .& 33' 1 hdrm $3545-$3875; 35' 1-2 bdrm 83995-54075. Expandable Rooms: 4' x 8' tip-out available on 33' & 35 models $350. TRAVELO HOMES CORP. 1321) S. Griliam Rd., Saginasv, Mi. 48603. Ph: AC 517- 799~5570. In lnisiiiess since 1930. Robt. T. Meneely, ~ Frank V. Reitec, head p.a.; H. B, Thayer, s.m.; Arrliie W. Fobear, pIt. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 62' 2.3 bdrm $7800-$9025. ,~ TREMONT MFG. CO.. INC. P.O. Box 28, Tremont, Ms. 38876. Ph: AC 601-652-3386. In business since 1968. Chas. Coburn, pren. Models produced: Islolsile homes. (latest available information) TRIPLE M HOMES, INC. P.O. Box K, Halevville, Al. 35565. Ph: AC 205-486- 5232. In business si~ice 1969. Chas. J. Ellis, Jr., hd. dim.; Dennis Kinnan, pres. Models produced: Mobile,homes. (latest available information) TROPICANA MOBILE HOMES, INC. 3310 US 19 N., Cleacsvater, Fl. 33515, Ph: AC 813-784- 1425. In buijness since 1965. Richard R. Hennig, pres. & p.s.; Robt. D. Stetler, sm.; \V. Kincade, pIt. mgr. I)Iodcls produced: 12'wide: Custom models in all lengths. Doublewide Units: 20', 22' & 24'wide custom models in all lengths. *TROTWOOD TRAILERS. INC. 11 N. Broadway, Trotwood, Oh. 45426. Ph: AC 51~~ 837-4181. In~business since 1932. J. B. Flora, pres.; J. R. Duncan, g.m~; Wm. B. Pawhak, sm.; Virginia Cassel, pa.; Curt Flora, pit. mgr. 2)1 odds produced: 12wide: 36', 41' & 43' 1 bdrm $5600-$5800; 52' 1-2 bdrns $7250-$7650; 60' 2-3 hdrm $7950-$8250; 68' 3 lsdrm $8500-$8750. Expandable Rooms: 7' x 12' & 7' x 14' roll-out lvg $600-$620. TRULOVE HOMES, INC. 612 E. Railroad St., Pearson, Ca. 31642. Ph: AC 912- 422-3285. In business since 1969. Murl Trulove, pres.; jake 1-land, sm.; Omer C. Peterson, pa.; Ferrehl Tyler, pit. supt. Models produced: 12'wide: 50' 2 bdrm; 60' 2-3 bdrm; 64' 3 bdrm, *Firm's Advertisement Appears In This Issue MOBILE HOME/RECREATIONAL VEHICLE DEALER 3557 [ 1tU1.LL~IUt~1~ ~ ngr.; C. \V. htradlev, sins.; Royce Sanders, pa. .\loilel.s produccd: 12'wide: (10' 2-3 bdrm $5000.$5200; 65' 2 lois-in $6050. $65111). TOPAZ IND., INC. :1-101 Eiisvoida, Mica Loina, Ca.9l752. Ph: AC 714-685- 7449. Is liiisiness since 1969. Richard K. Ehrlirh. pres.; (isis. l'errut, g.s.nl.; George Kiefer, pa.; hill Poiisdextor, 1)0(1. ngr. Double wide Units: 24'wide: 60' 2 bdrm $135110. TOPPER HOMES, INC. RB #2, White Pigeon, Mi. 491)99. Phi: AC 616-483-7691. in lsnsiisess since 1962. Iharry Psimos, pres.: Russ Mann, sni.; h)osti- h9,ss:sii. pa Bernie Van Ness, pIt. mgr. & 1511. 5111)1. ,\fodcl.s prodiii'ed; 12'wide: 52' 1 hoirm; 60' & 62' 2 lsdrm; 66' 3 bdrm. TOURITE MOBILE HOME MFG. CO., INC. 2721) hlrvais. Ft. \Vortli, Tx. 76104. Phi: AC 817-926- (1226. In business since 1963. Mearll 0. Korstad, pres. ,\lodils produced: ~\hl)lsile holmes. (latest available iiiforrnation) TOWN & COUNTRY MOBILE HOMES, INC. 912 First-Wichita National Ilaisk Bldg., P.O. Box 5003, Wichita Falls, Tx. 76307. Phi: AC 817-723.5523. In busi. ness since 1955. Barr~ Doimnell, pres.; J. A. Beaty, exec. v.p.; \Vavmie Calhoun, dir. shs. BRANCHES: Chandler, Az. 85224, P.O. Box 459, 41)0 E. Ra~ Rd., Ph: AC 602-963-7392, Marvin Birdsong, 1)11. nmgr.; h)ruce Case, s.n.; Ed Everett, pa. Verona, Ms. 38879, P.O. Box 364, Lee Industrial Park, Hsvy. 45 S., Phi: AC 60h-566-728h, John T. Capps, ph. mgr.; Hoist. C. Master, sm.; Jas. L. Hansiltismi, pa.; Frank Berry, p11. smmpl. Lawton, Ok. 73501, 502 Douglas St., P.O. Box 1309. John Mitchell, pIt. mgc.; hill Foster, n.m.; Ed Fry, pa.; Otha Lambert, pit. supt. Sumter, Sc. 29150, P.O. Ilsix 151)9, Phi: AC 81)3-775-4346, \Vm. J. Tech, pit. mgr.; Rudy Wiggs, sm.; John Shins, pa.; Richard Eron & Jack Chazomi. pit. supt's. Wichita Falls, Tx. 76301, 1911 Shep- pard Access Rd., Pin: AC 817-723-6671, Wayne Calhoun, 1511. mgr.; 1)111 Marston, sm.; Domi hIumst, pa. ZlIodrl.s- produced: 12'wide: 40' & 5(1' 2 lsdrm; 44' & 52' 1-2 bdrm; 55' & 59' 2-3 lsdrm; 57' 3 hdrm; 60' & 64' 2-4 bdrm. 14'wide: 64' 2 hsdcm: 68' 2-3 bdrm. Doublewide Units: 24'wide: 44' & 48' 2-3 hdrm; 56' 2 bdrns. Special Units: Split-level 12'wide: 64' 3-4 hdrm. TOWNCRAFT HOMES DIV. - (Tosvissemsd Lumiser Co., Inc.) 729 E. St., Lake Wales, Fl. :1:1853. Jack Tosvosend III, chm. hd. & pres. Models produced: Mobilc homes. (latest available information) TRADEWINDS MOBILE HOME MFG.. INC. 6021 l42msd Ave. N., Clearwater, Fl. 33516. Ph: AC 813-531-5881. In hnusioess since 1968. Chas. E. Shingler, pres. & g.m.; Dale Ashworth, n.m.; David Short, p.s.; I)iimi:ild Fishier, pit. mo'. .~1odelo produced: d . 70 PAGENO="0148" 3558 ~t~tiWtiL~RIt~ ~tthI1I~ui1!Ji.Li~:] TWIN LAKES MFG. CO., INC. (Sub. Key Co.) 950 Coachman Rd. N., Clearwater, Fl. 53518. Ph: AC 813-442-8148. In business since 1959. II. I.. \iarnni, pres. & pit. mgr.; Paul B. Keiiey, sm.; Cd nind pa.: Ken Fletcher, pit. supt. Branch: Tampa. Fla. .3!od!.s pro(luc(d: 12'wide: 5(1', 52' & 56' 1 don; 55' & 60' 2 hdrm; 61', 64' & 65' .3 inirm. Doublewide Units: 24'widr: 46' & 50' 2 bdrm. U ULTIMA HOMES, INC. lit l1:ist:a; Ave.. \V. Pittston. t'a. 18643. Ph: AC 717- 655.1392 Iii inisiness since 1909. .\toth'I.s produced: ~sioluJe I mines. (latest available information) *UNITED STATES MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Sub. Fn:1na llonn's, Inc.) I 1)1)4 E. Ave henderson, Nc. 275:36. Pi. AC 919.43)2.1151. l)aie L. Miller, pres.; Cuerd. on T. \Voife. v. clan.: tlobt. N. \Vest. dir. opec.; Norman Ssv(sher, sis. coocd.: B onakl j. Itenedict. sec.-treas. Jack B. Robertson. gin.: Aiin'ct II. Itcosvn. sm.; Macv Foster, p.a.; \tar A. \~itson. land. mgr. BRANCHES: Auburndale, Fl. 33823, P.O. Box 608, I'h: AC 81.3.967.4402, Chas. E. Weeder, g.m.; Roger Botcof), sm.: Larry howard, pa.; Wayne Finley, prod. Alsatia, La., Ph: 2721, 2731, 2741, Jas. W. Price. g.m.: Richard L. Rogers, sm.: Raymond C. Dick. ersia,. pa.: lhiiev P. Tonev, prod. rngr. Bend, Or. 97701, 2561 E. Fourth St., Ph: AC 503.382.4252, Wm. K. Marlin. g.m.: \Vesiev Whitaker, sm.; Nathan Duvel, pa.: t,:n,is Trippel. P~~1 mgc. .1h:th'l.s produced: 12'wide: tO'.BS' 2.3 inirm 8400(1.87000. Doublewide Units: 55' 3 lnlrm $8500.81 1,000. UTAH MOBILE HOMES (t)iv. Vista Intl. Corp.) 2453) W. 5th S.. Salt Lake City, It. 841111. AC 801-363.5775. in business since 1960. l.avt:ai P. Ott. pces.; J. E. Lehnherr, v.p. & g.m.; Marion \leodenhall. pit. mgc.; C. E. Wood & Jack T. Sorenson, sins: Andrew \Venta pit. supt. .IIoth1n J)roduccd: 12'wide: 45' 1 hdrm; 51' & 55' 2 bdrm: 60' & 64' 2-3 Doublewide Units: 20'wide: 43' 2 hdcm; 45' 3 bdrm; 51' 2.3 i)dmi. 24'svide: 43' 2 bdrm: 45' 3 bdrm; 51' & 80' 2.3 lxicm. V *VAGABOND MOBILE HOMES (l)iv. Citerdon md., Inc.) P.O. Box 1259, Louisville, Ky. 4(1201. (hoc personnel & models produced see Cuerdon hid.. lijy, individual listing.) BRANCH: Chino, Ca. *VALIANT MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Div. Wirkes Co.) 3300 \V. Franklin, Eikhart, In. 46514. I'h: AC 219-521-i 1(1)9. lo business since 1962. ltnlit. Court nv, pres.; Wm. Vanh)echterg, sm.; hugh Tailor. t'~' ugr.; till ( arisnn & till ltiackburii, pa's: (Suck \Vitli;i,n. prod. mgr. Branch: Thomasville, Ga. 31792. Buck Rnmmel, pit. ingc.: t.unar Itutier, pa. produced: 10'wide: 45' 1-2 lidnu $3495. 12'wide: 15'. 50' & 55' 1-2 bdrm .83995'85995; 60' & (35' 2.:) dr, 85495.87495. Special Units: I)oplex & commercial models. VALLEY HOMES CORP. 1281)1 l):ss lId., Mishawaka, Iii. 46544: AC 219-255- 8066. In inisitiess since 1963). I)onald E. Covevhouse, pres. .Ilodels pcmlueed: Mobile hianes. (latest available information) VEGAS MFG. CO. (The Commodore Corp.) 8712 \V. Dodge Rd., Suite 4000, Omaha, NI). 68114. Ph: AC 402-393.5000. In busi. ness since 1952. Meyer Katzmnan, chm. bd.; Daniel K;tz. man, pr's.; \lociev Zipurskv. exec. v.p.; John \V. King. sc. v.p. mnktg.: Ra~ isard, v.p. puc. Plant: Compton, Ca. 90224. Chuck Spoor, pit. mgr.; Don Ti nanas, sm.: Norman Murray, p.a. .`l!odel.s produced; 24'ss'ide models. VIK1NG.EDGEWOOD CORP. 211))) E. Ocammgewood, Anaheim, Ca. 92806. Ph: AC 714. 1333.3692. In business since 1933. John A. Dussault, ares.; Cordon II. Rogers. gin.; Al Luna, pa.; l)ick Whalen & Rntt. \lead. reg. sin's: Don Kleinberg, pit. supt. ,t!odcl.s jmr,,dsced: 12'wide: 60' 1.2 hdrm. Doublewide Units: 20'wide; 57' 2 bdrm; 60' 1-3 bdrm. 24'wide: 60' 1.3 hdrm. VILLA WEST MOBILE HOMES (Golden West Mobile ilomes) 130 N. Magnolia Ave., Fullerton, Ca. 93636. Jerry Golden, c.'l)mn.; Herschel Swanson, `sm.; Wallace Cordon, pit. mgr.; Ceo. Reisch. .\foclelsj;rorlmmccd: Doublewide Units: 2(t'wide: 45' 1 hdrm; 51' & 55' 2 hdrm: 57' & 60' 2.3 hdrmn. 24'svide: 6t)' 2.3 bdrm. VILLAGE HOMES, INC. 629 E. Commercial St.. Springfield. Mo. 6581)3. Pb: AC 417.866.4361. In lmsiness simice 1969. Henry lass, laces. & pa.; Itoh Smith. g.m., pit. mgr. & pit. supt. Jill))) Vaughn, ModeLs produced: 12'wide: 6))' 2 hdrm 851)90.85500. * VINDALE CORP. 51)45 N. Main St., Dayton, Oh. 45415. Ph: AC 5l3~278~ 11(0)1. Iii l)usiness since 1946. Paul S. Riedel, pci's. BRANCHES: Tallahassee, Fl. 32304. 642 Dale Mabrv Dr.. I)an hliedel, plt. mgr.: Tnn~' Fendrich, pa. Brook. ville, ln. 47012. 81(11 St.. Paul Carver, pit. mgc. Brook. ville, Oh. 45309, 630 IIav Ave., Cars' Adamsnn, pit. mgr.; 81. Iknilfioux. p~ Subsidiary: Crossiand Homes. (See indis'idual listimmg.) ,\fodeis produced: 12'wide: 53' 1 hdcm; 60' 2 bdrm; 63' 2.3 bdcm. Doublewide Units: 24'wide; 49' 3 bdrm; 56' 2 hdrm: 64'3bdcm. Expandable Rooms: 14' x 7' expandable lvg. Special Units: Sectional & relocatable housing, banks & commercial models. Flrm's Admeritsemen) Appears Irs Th15 less, d 72 11115.5 lOIE/RtC15.AT55NALY5)4~ct,5 DEAUS PAGENO="0149" .~lO(lf Is J)rodu('ed: 8'wide: 35' 1-2 bdrm $3395-$3495. WHEELER IND., INC. 8143 E. 11th St., Tulsa, Ok. 74112. Ph: AC 918-TE5 3360. In business since 1968. Richard 0. Wheeler, pres. 3/ode/s producer!: \lolnle homes, classrooms & commercial models. (latest isailal,l,- information) WHITLEY MFG. CO., INC. P.O. Itox l~)6, S. Whitles', In. 46787. P1:: AC lIt) 72.1- St II. It, l,ttsittrss siltre I 045. 1. II. itrattoit, pres.; lt:it: Stump, go:. ,`ItttItI.s J)roduCed; Special Units: Commercial model 8'svide: 231-46': 10' wide: 36-60'; 12'svide: 46"60'; douhiewide units: 8-11)'- 12': 60'. WHITMIRE & ALLEN, INC. 2(10 N. First St., P.O. Box 1067, Lake Wales, Fl. 33853. P': AC AC 813-676-1461. In business since 1967. Qitintemi J. \Vltitinire, l"~~ .\lo(Iel.s' produced: Mobile homes. relocatable homes & two-story models. (,,~ information submitted) WICK BUILDING SYSTEMS, INC. 400 \\alter Rd., Mazomattie, \Vi. 5356(1. P1,: AC 608- 71)5-2201. John \Virk, p~'° Divisions: Artcraft of Ca., Artcraft of New England, Artrraft of `l'ex:ts. Artrraft of \Visronsin, lt:i:lger I tomes, \larsl,tield tumors. (See individual listings) WILLIAMS MOBILE HOME MFG. CO., INC. 1911 \V. Division St., Arlington, Tx. 76010. Ph: AC 817- CR5-tOt 1. In loisim,ess si:,re 1968. De\Vitt j. Williams, Jr., .\hmth1.s Produced: \lolnle 1nnnes. (latest available information) WINCHESTER HOMES CORP. P.O. Box 309, Williston, Sc. 29853. Ph: AC 803-266- 7456. Norman M. Smith II, p~~; Winchester Smith III, g.m. & ma.; Tom \V. Smith, n.m.; J. A. Scott, Jr., pIt. mgr. & pod. mgr. `tfodel.s produced: 12'wide: 45' 2 bdrm $2850-$2895. *WINDSOR MOBILE HOMES. INC. Itox 337, Bristol, In. 46507. Ph: AC 219-848-4625. In lnmsi::rss since 1958. Richard E. Anderson, pres. & n.m.: Jas. Bred, p.a.: K. Schott, pIt. mgr. \lodels produced: 12'wide: 55' 2 hdrm $6800: 60', 63' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $7500-$7900. WINSLOW HOMES, INC. Box 526, Arlev, Al. 35541. Ph: AC 205-384.6031. In busi- ness since 1968. Lou Hnggins, pres. Models produced: Mobile l,ounes. latest available information) * WINSTON HOMES (Div. Winston Ind., Inc.) P.O. Box 167, Addison, Al. 35541). Ph: AC 205-747-1516. In business since 1965. PanI \Vooclberrv, pres.; Walter Abercrombie, pIt. mgr.; jins Long, sm.; Jack Phillips, p.a. Models produced: Firm's Adrerthement Appears In This Issue NOCILE HONE/RECREATIOCAL VEHICLE DEALEH 3559 H ______ *VINTAGE HOMES, INC. :3:179 I''atlttrec' Rd., N.E., Atlanta, Ca. 30326. Ph: AC UI t-2(il-5l 73. I,, l'nsiness since 1965. j. A. Smithson, mr's.: ttar,ell Riuigiuld, sm; Ray Lundy, p.s.. Branches: Sanford, Fl. 32771, P.O. Ittux 181)8, Fred - 1)11. u:gm.; let,,, I'ilgt'im, n.m.; Frrul Clt;,ti,am, u_a. Gainesville, Ga. 30501, P.O. Ittux 1)115, till Tltarker, mit. t:gr.; G,,,'rrv Key, sn:.; Carl Cttsper, pa. Hutchinson, Ks. 67501, P. 0. lImus 1786, Gerald Davis, pit. mgr.: Jim Ilogati. sm.; Carl Il,tvt, pa. Clarksdale, Ms. 38614. Breckenridge, Tx. 76024. P.O. Box 632, Dug Crimes, mit. ttgr.: jim,, Ilem,,,ett, sm.; Norrna~~ Morrison, p.s. 31o,/:'/s jirod mired: 12'wide: 56' 2 1,drm $5500; 60' & 65' 2-3 bdrm $6000- $1301). VIRGINIA HOMES MFG. CORP. llssv. 58 E., It,,vdt,,,,, Sa. 23917. P1:: AC 703.738.7301. I,, l,nsm,,ess snire 1969. R. T. Arnold, pres.; U. H. Harris, nmtv Tltompsmmn, sm.: N~~rfleet Harris, p.a. 31m,del.s' jmr,,dt,ced: 10'wide: 4(1' ).~ l,drm: 51)' 2 bdrm. 12'wide: 4(1', 44' & 50' 1-2 1,drm $3295.$4700; 60' 2-4 lmmtr,,, 85193-55623. Doublewide Units: 24'nvide: 48' 3 bdrm $8900; 60' 4 Ittlunt S 11.500. * VISION HOMES, INC. I'.O. tl::x 1(143, Portla,,d, In. 47371. PIs: AC 317.726- In l)tmsit,~-ss simire 1969. Fred H. Li~~dsay, pres. & ~ B. II. Stamtmrr, g.s.m.: Richard E. Lance, p.a.; Al ( mlk. ~ Ravmm,mtml P. Rie,,dean, Plt. supt. .\h,,/:'/.s pr~trluced: 12'wide: 51)' 1-2 ldrm; 6(1' 1-3 l,cirm. Doublewide Units: 24'svimie: 46' 2.3 bdrm. w WALKER IND., INC. \. Sal,sl,,,ry St., P.O. Bm,x 337, R,mcknvell, Nc. 21838. Ph: A(~ 7(14-279-939(1. 1,, Imuniness since 1965. Oliver Walker, .\!oile/s prmmdurm-,/: \l,mI,,le I un~ mrs. (l:,trst availal,le information) WARRIOR CORP. (Smmlt. ~tltumttgomrrv Ilomes, Inc.) Halevville, Al. 35565. Jul A. \lctmttgmtmimcrv, pres. \fo(/t./ç prodtuced: ~,tttlmmle lmmm~rs. (latest available information) WAYSIDE HOMES, INC. ((U)) E. Watanga. Sagii~ass-, Tx. 71,079. P1:: AC 817-232- 2(11)1). In l~~lsimtess ni~tre 1968. \Vm. N,,rris, ~ .\f,:m/,./,s prwlticed: \l:,l,,le l~omnes. (latest availal,le inf,,rmation) WELLINGTON TRAVELERS, INC. 71)1 E. Ave., Wellington, Tx. 79095. Ph: AC 806-447. 2586. 1mm l'nsinesn since 1969. Kenneth Maxwell, pres., ~ & ph. mgr.: Dean Maxwell, n.m. & pa.; Leroy Wallace, pIt. supt. d .74 PAGENO="0150" ~1!Iiffl~k~JIiIII~ 1 2'wide: 13. 5 Ni' blent. (5) & ((5' 2-3 lob-nt 53300- *WINSTON ND.. INC Sob. 1.1('ctrotiics (apital Corp.) P.O. Box 347. I):oible Spriotzs. Al. :35553. PIt: AC 2(15-489-5056. Iii I)OSmeSS I 11(11. PattI \~ir:dIierrv, pres. Divisions: Asliridge homes. llentoo homes. Crimson bones, Inc., Footatia I lomes, (scotland homes. Marriott Ilimmoes. \lmmmmberev \Iolmile hhmmmmmes, Inc.. Salem llomc's, SI (-ru mm:mml hhmmnmec. \Vimmsttmmm Ilmmoses. (Sm-c individual list- *G. T. WOLFE MOBILE HOMES. INC. (Stilt. Forpm llmmmnes. inc.) 14286 E. Sixth St.. Corona, Ca. 91720. PIt: AC 714-735-1150. 1)ale L. Miller, pres.; C mm~'ri hum T. \Vol(e. v. clan.: Rmiht. N. \VcsI, dir. oper.; Nmmrmo:i,t Sssisl:er. sIt. cmsmrd.: Ronald J. Benedict. sec.- treat.: C. F. Ed mimi ndsmin. g.m.: David Cladfeltv, sm.; 1_ares l)avis. p.o.: 1)aniel Stanko. Sr., prod. mgr. BRANCHES: China, Ca. 91710, Chins Airport, Hangar 1. PIt: AC 714-735-1150. Neil C. Wltittridge. g.m.: Dar- n-Il \Virkst rmmmmm. sin.: Danny Stammko. Jr., pa.: V. A. La. pr:1. imi~r. Marysville, Ca. 95901, Melody one S Arlmoga Rd.. Ph: AC 916-742-8264, TItus. E. larric. gut.: Stanley lliggs, sm.; Roland Kanti, prod. ngr.: \ormoami \Vliittaker. p.a. 1fothl' itrtmdmtrtd: 12'wide: 40.6(1' 1-3 Imdrm 84000-86500. Doublewide Units: 40-63' 2-4 bdrm 86000-815,000. WORLD WIDE HOME MFG., INC. 518 St.. Marvsville. Ca. 95901. Ph: AC 916-742-6986. In Ioicimmess since 1969. Rex Itlado, pres.; Jack Jackson, V.P. .\itmdrl.s peo(lmir(rI: t2'sside & rionhilesvide nuts. Y-z YELLOW HAMMER IND., iNC. P.O. lIox 98, llalesvilbe, Al. 35565. Rex Whalen, pres. 3!odtl.s jmeimduced: Slttlijbm' h:miiies. (latest availalmle infimrmation) Z1MCO HOUSING CORP (Sob,. Zimiiiner Ilomec Corp.) 14(17 5. \V. 8th St., P. 0. Box ((ill) Pomiipamto 1leacli~ Fl. 33061. PIt: AC 305-943- 85)31. lii Immisimiess since 1968. Paul H. Zimmer, chm. bd.; Iterim :trd T. ltmidcl. pres.: Rmmger \Villiams,v.p. pmmr.: flax-id It. Ciirb.immd. ~ II 11. \Vilcox, v.p. & g.m.; Chas. Duke, s.mn.: (Sic. \lmigish. pIt. ingr.: Vim. Tiernev, ~a.a. Slot/c/c jteodsm'ed: Special Units: Sectimimmab lnmtisiiig 22'svide; 46' & 55' 2-3 ZIMMER HOMES CORP. 777 5. W. 12th Ave.. Pompano Reach, Fl. 33000. Ph: AC 31)5-943-7600. Paul 11. Zimmer, chm. bd.; Bernard T. lImO, pres.; David B. Curland, v.p.; Roger Williams, V.P. pur. Subsidiaries: Cavalier hlotnm's, Inc., Cross hill Mobile hhonmes, Inc., Namco md., Inc., Princess Homes, Inc., Zinico housing Cmtrp. (See individual listings.) SummIt/s jirnmlticed: 10'wide: 45' 2 hmmlrimi. 12'wide: 15'. 51)' & 52' 2 lmdrimi; 61)' & 65' 2-4 lmdrnt. DoubIewide Units: 22'wide: 46' 2.3 lit/sm; 51'S" 3 Special Units: Srctitmmtal housimig. jiii~k~li~Iihi__j ATCO IND.. LTD. 12.13.48th Ave.. N.E., Calgary. Alberta, Can, Pit: AC 403- 276-1 1)11. Imi lmmisimtess simmcc 1965. B. D. Southern, pres. .3!tmdm/.v jmroe/ mit-ed: SImmlmile ltmmmmmes. ( la(est available imtfmirimmation) BILTRITE MOBILE HOMES 24(13 Lmmmtdomt Rd.. Saritia. Omit., Can. Pit: AC 519-337- 8511. In Immisimmess since 1951. harry & Leo Payne, partners. Shmilm'/.s jmrotlueed: tlmmlmile Immmmmmes. (latest ava(lalmle imtfomnmatisn) * BOISE CASCADE MOBILE & RECREATIONAL PRODUCTS (t)ic. Itmmise Cascade Cmmrp.) ((I Pcrimiie)er Park K.. At- lammta, Ca. 3(1341, USA. PIt: AC -1(14-458-3241 - Imi limo/s tess simmre 1962. Jack (lavlomi, g.iii. produrl grmmup; fl SI. Sss:mfl'meld. gemm. immktg. dir.; Jimhin Cearv, gin. Canadiaii I)iv. BRANCHES: Lethbridge. Alberta. Can.. Kenyomi Field. Hammger No. 6. P.O. Iltmx 760, 1). Gilbert, sm. Penticton, British Columbia, Can., P.O. Box 430, 355 Timmimms St., D. KsIe, sm. Hensahl, Ont.. Can., Mmmrpltesv. simm. ~ Jerome. Que.. Can., P.O. Bmmx 365, 10(10 Rue de I'lmtdmmstrie, B. Lessard, sm. ,\htdcl.s jmetsduccd: ~ihtmlmile hmmmnmes, classrooms & cimmomercial mtidels. BREMONT ENTERPRISES. INC. 5117 Jnge-Cmiilsaull St., Jimhietle, Que., Can. Sfmmr/ets ;mrtmtlmircd: Slitlmile ltmmmnes. (halest available iiifmmrmnatitmmt) CARAVEL COACH CO. 15 Jimtlammd Rd.. Toronto, Out., C:tmm. Pit: AC 416-2.55-7192. 1mm Immisimmess simmce 1963. C. \Vragge. pres. .31 ode/s jmrodmtccd: Travel Irailers. (latest available infmmrmatiomi) CHAMPLAIN MOBILE HOMES. INC. 91 Moimtee SI. Luc, St. Jeami, Qtme., Can. Pit: AC 5i4~34S- 4796. Imi Itmisimmess simmce 1963. Lmmrcaimi Remillard, pres. .\!odcls pctidmiced: Shimimile litmines. (latest available iiifmtrinatitmmi) COMMODORE MOBILE HOMES, LTD. (The Cmjmmiimmdmmre Corp.) 8712 Vi'. Dtmdge Rd.. Omnalta. NIm. 68114 ITSA Ph: AC 402.393.5000. In busimmcss since 1952. Meyer Katzman, chm. lmd.; Damtiel Katzman. 1mres.: Morley Zipurskv, exec. v.p.; J. C. Forman,. exee. v.p. southern dis'.; John \V. King, sr. v.p. mktg.; Ray Isard, v.p. pur. PLANT: Calgary, Alberta, Can. Ph: AC 403-238. 5828 (Aird.) Bill Giddy, pIt. mgr.; Nick Stasiesvich, sm.; D. Campbell, pa. .`tmodels produced; I 2'svirie mmiluile homes. 3560 Flrm's Adoertisemeni Appears In This Issue d .76 *Oatt.E HSME/nEcREAStOSAL VEHICLE PEALEE PAGENO="0151" PAGENO="0152" 18th Annual Survey/1969 MOBILE HOME FINANCING Experience of Lenders in Financing Mobile Homes Based on a Survey of Financial Institutions Contents 3/Comments 4/Shipments by Sizes 5/Manufacturing and Distribution 6/Mobile Home Shipments to Deaters 7/Retail Financing 8/Financing the Mobile Home Park 10/Survey on Consumer Financing Questionnaire 11 to 19/1968 Survey Findings The Annual Survey is published bythe Mobile Homes Manulacturers Association, 20 NorthWacken Drive, Chicago, lllieois 60606 Telephone: AC 312/263.0313 Copyright 1969 Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association Font years the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association has conducted a survey on the retail financing of mobile homes. Thisyear the report is based on a survey of 197 banks and finance companies whose cooperation we mostsincerely appreciate. In addition to the experience in the financing of retail sales, it contains comments on mobile home park financing. Richard C. Mitchell, Director Land Development Division Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association Joseph F. Sham, Chairman Banking Committee Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association Senior Vice President Michigan National Bank Grand Rapids, Michigan 3562 Dctober, 1969 PAGENO="0153" 3563 Comments on the Industry The mobile home industry continued its remar~able growth during 1968, and indeed the first three months of 1969 show a 50% increase over the first three months of the record 1968 year. Production for this year is expected to reach 400,000 homes. A greatly increased demand for retail financing has been adequately met. The average number of loans outstanding, as given by reporting lendors, did not increase appreciably in 1968 (2,079) as compared to 1967 (2,020). It would appear, therefore, that more financial institutions have begun financing the retail sale of mobile homes. This has been confirmed by the increased requests for information received by the Assodation from financial institutions. Very shortly, federally chartered savings and loan associations will enter the retail financing of mobile homes. It would seem then, that in spite of the increasing demand for money, the industry will have adequate retail financing facilities. The 12 feet wide home (see page 4) continues to dominate sales, with the average retail price rising slightly to $6,000. Double-wide and expandable homes show a regular gain in popularity. These homes, with their higher prices, have brought forth requests for longer term financing, perhaps to 12 years. A partial survey of the finance industry would indicate that this will be a coming trend. Housing, in the low and medium price range, is one of the most critical problems facing thenation today. The mobile home industry is already meeting a part of this challenge. It has the capability of going much further towards this goal, with the production of sectionalized homes, townhouses, and ultimately high-rise apartments. In fact, if the housing needs of the country are to be met, the homes, in whatever shape, must come out of a factory. As the cost of on-site construction rises, the opportunity for factory-built housing, both mobile homes and those designed to be a part of the real estate, will take over an ever-increasing share of the housing market. In 1968 mobile homes alone represented 90% of the single family homes priced under $15,000. All signs point towards a continuing growth of the industry, as a whole, and of mobile homes in particular. The need for financing this amount of housing will be very great, whether it is done by private industry, government, or a combination of both. This will be the greatest single barrier to reaching the suggested housing goals. PAGENO="0154" aC1) Cfl~D ~ 3 (DO cn~ (1) ~L~P~'L ~ ~ ~ !~ ~ t ~ ~ ~; ; :~g~~; ;~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ L~1~9 ~ ~ ~ * I 61E1h1 tI~j Ui PAGENO="0155" ~? ~ a ~ ~. - ~ ~Ha ~ ~ ~&r 3~a a -,(~ ~ a 1~e~j~ - ~ E ~.fl ~ ~ ~JE ~ a ~ 8 ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ a = a H ~ 3 a 3 ~ a a a ~ 8~ 8 - L. ~ a a a a a a ~ a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0) a o.Q) H o~ (a, PAGENO="0156" : E E ~co I ~) E ~ E a) c~ )~ZZZ~> =0) 2 ______________ ____ _________________ PAGENO="0157" Delinquency Trends Comparison Chart of Outstandings Held by Financing Sources 3567 Retail Financing Sales of mobile homes have increased steadily over the years, with but little change in delinquency rates. Mobile home buyers have consistently honored their obligations, reflecting the facts that they are pleased with their homes, and that we are dealing with a basi cnecess ity of life-shelter. The outstanding balances reported by banks and sales finance companies remain in abdut the same ratio. tr is of interest to note that there was ru great increase in the figures of the reporting lendors. Total amounts outstanding, number of loans outstanding, and the average dollar amount at risk on each loan remained relatively stable in 1968. With sales having increased by 32% from 1967 to 1968, it would appear that a number of banks that formerly did not finance mobile home sates have come into the picture. Very shortly the federally chartered savings and loan associations will be authorized to make mobile home loans. This will bring about still further diffusion of loans, and wilt assure the continued availability of both dealer inventory and retail sales 6 nancin g. 1L1h1. ii~1i E} PAGENO="0158" Financing the Mobile Home Park 3568 With mobile home production predicted to reach 400,000 homes in 19h9, it follows that there must be a proportionate increase in the number of mobile home park spaces. The interest shown by prospective developers indicates that this wilt be true, and that the land development will keep pace. As a part of this great interest in land development, we see numerous changes in the industry being made. The new mobile home park developer is noss more likely to be eoperienced in other types of land use. f-fe is sophisticated in his approach to the problems involved. Since he is looking at his proposed project through the eyes of an investor, rather than that of an owner! operator, the projects being built involve targer acreages and more spaces. There are two major obstacles to creating a cccv park, the first of which is zoning. 1. Zoning Because many communities are realizing that a usd1 planned mobile home park may be the only solution to PAGENO="0159" low cost housing, they are taking a more receptive attitude toward mobile homes. The Mobile Homes Manolactorers Association has worked estensively with zoning problems, and has given mock valoable aid and assistance to developers in their approach to zoning boards. 2. Financing The second major hurdle in building a park is that of financing. Under present circumstances interest rates are high, with participation in revenue a frequent requirement to obtaining funds. This has been true for some time in apartment and other real estate developments. Interest costs are like any construction cost and must be considered in the economic feasibility of the project. The recent changes in the Federal Housing Administration regulations now make it possible to ose their services in guaranteeing loans. The new regulations make the following changes: 1. Maximum Insurable Loans: The lesser of: a. $725,000 b. 90% per space, which may be increased op to $2600 in any geographical area where the Commissioner finds cost levels so justify. 2. Mortgage Term & Amortization Provisionst The term may not be appreciably in excess of ¾ of the remaining economic life of the project. The time may not exceed 39 years and three months. It has been pointed out that the need for additional park space for mobile homes is very great, and that we are beginning to get increased acceptance among city fathers in this one of land. Public acceptance is brought not by the increased sale of this type home, and the fact that over five million families are already enjoying mobile homes. Forther, the intrrest of land developers is increasing each day. The nest step is the necessity to obtain larger amoonts of financing to complete this growth. While the climate is good for profitable operation of mobile home parks, this is not to say that doe caotion should not be osed in approaching this boxiness. Assuming that land, properly zoned, is available, then the marketability of that location most be determined. In most vases, a market feasibility study should be made by someone familiar with the industry. (1) Careful consideration most be given to access to community facilities, including transportation, (21 the location most be comparatively free of sorroonding nuisances, 131 the design plan most be physically attractive to tenants, and adaptable to the terrain, and (4) the prospective rental income most provide adequate return on investment. Keeping these po:nts in mind we might reasonably expect operating expenses ranging between 35% and 40%, thus giving a cash flow of at least 60% of income - adequate to carry a 75% to 80% mortgage. Net return on a 20% investment should range from 18% to 25%. 3569 W., r Under present conditions it ix diffivolt to consider interest expense, bot the cost of money, like the cost of concrete sewer pipe, or any other expense, most be considered in the rents charged and the overall feasibility of the project. PAGENO="0160" 3570 1968 Survey Elrick and Lasidge, Inc., compiled the summary presented on Retail Financing ~ ~ of Mobile Homes ~ complete ansssersss'ere utilized in the final summarization. Questionnaire Survey questionnaire consumer financing of mobile homes December 31, 1968 A. OUTSTANDING: Number of Acccurts Average Amount Per Account $ B. DELINQUENT INSTAI.MENT LOANS: (As of December 31. 1968) A delinquent account is any account having an instalment past due (or 30 days or more. `Numberof "Percentof Accounts Total 1. 30.Sldays 2. 60-89days 3. bodaysardcuer C. MATURITIES~ 1. What percent of contracts on nec Mobile Homes purchasod in 1968 eoceed 60 months maturity 2. What percent cl contracts on used Mobile Homes in 1968 exceed 60 months maturity -- 3. What percent of contracts outstanding on new Mobile Homes in 1968 eoceed 60 months maturity 4. What percent of contracts outstanding on used Mcbile Homes in 1968 exceed 60 months maturity 5. What percent of contracts purchased in 1968 had maturities of 10 years . D. AGREEMENTS: S. Do you require recourse agreement uith dealers? . . Yes 2. Do you require repurchase agreement mitir dealers? . . Yes....No..._.___ E. Number years experience in mobile home financing F. Did repossessions increase in 1968' Yes G. Have you increased your retail finance charges in the past 12 months' Yes.,......No...____ How much? PAGENO="0161" 3571 Amount of Paper Outstanding and Number of Accounts TABLE 1A * Totals as of December 31, 1964-1965-1966, March 31, 1968 and December 31, 1968 Doll,, A~oooot $0670209975 91495,862889 $2,071,461,809 91,449.600.977 $962,277,660 $ 4076 $ 4.003 $ 4446 $ 3,440 $ 3,642 TABLE lB Outstandings financed by banks and finance companies Doll,o A'ooo,t S713,652,556 $662,853,994 $996,627,060 $539,759,949 $546,890,374 $ 3,965 $ 3,867 $ 4,907 $ 3,556 $ 3.486 Dollso A,,oo,,t $956,557,419 $433,008,895 $1,074,834,749 $909,841,028 $415,386,286 Ao,~ogs $ 4,131 $ 4,118 $ 4,090 $ 4,102 $ 3.978 TABLE IC December 31, 1968 oulstandings by institutions classified according to volume outstanding TstO 191 409,697 ` $8,670,209,915' $4,576 48-254 0 - 70 - 11 PAGENO="0162" I 0 I *I. ~ I ~ ~ ~ (#3 ~dP ~ ~ U: ~ !! ~ o:x~-' ~CD ~ ~ thh~~ ~ ~b~!~!! -~ - C;' PAGENO="0163" 3573 Proportion of Outstandings Delinquent 30 Days or More as of December 31, 1968 TABLE 3A Delinquencies by banks and finance companies to 1% 13 6.9 19710 11.1 1% to 1%% 13 6.9 10,184 5.7 to 2% 16 n.5 25,578 14.4 3% to 4% 17 9.0 29,377 16.5 5% to 7% 10 5.3 11,243 6.3 7% to 9% 5 2.6 2378 1.3 9%toli% 6 3.2 743 .4 11% to 13% 8 4.2 ` 945 .5 13% to 15% 2 1.0 508 .3 Delinquencies by institutions classified according to voiume outstanding :: =~ 24.1 ; iun.o 2;1,;54 inn; TABLE 3B 8300.000 81.500,000 83.000.000 86,000,000 813,000.000 $ 8000.000 % $1,409,000 % 82,900,000 00 15,900,000 00 912,909.000 00 820.000.000 00 lOd on~ 00 245 9.6 1,347 12.3 16 6.2 PAGENO="0164" 3574 1968 Survey Retail Financing of Mobile Homes Maturities Exceeding 60 Months on Mobile Home Contracts OUTSTANDING in 1968 TABLE 4A NEW mobile home contracts outstanding by banks and finance companies 51111. Oo1~1i~g 158,770 100.0 105,72! 100.8 53,042 100.8 A~9t1. 0~t1t877g 2.754 1.3 3,054 1.9 TABLE 4B USED mobile home contracts outstanding by banks and finance companies Ao~ts. 0~tst~~841g 89,177 100.0 53fi42 100.0 #66t0. O~t0t37di54 8.377 8.4 PAGENO="0165" 3575 Maturities Exceeding 60 Months on Mobile Home Contracts PURCHASED in 1968 TABLE 5A NEW mobile borne contracts purchased by banks and finance companies loSt % Sooko S Cospotlos S Aoots. Ootsthsdltg .. 400,970 100.0 100,410 100.0 231,554 100.8 0,8011 25%.. 20 10.4 19 10.3 1 12.5 Aootl. Ootsto,,d%g... 3,944 1.0 3,509 2.1 435 .2 25% to 49% 6 3.1 6 3.3 50% to 74% . 24 12.5 22 12.0 2 25.0 75% ~od 800,8 . 100 52.1 95 51.6 5 62.5 TABLE 00 USED mobile home contracts purchased by banks and finance companies 1816 % Bstko 5 Cotopos6o 5 Asoto. Olt180sAlIg ... 311,733 100.0 100,570 100.0 143,154 1000 A~~ts. Ootttosdlog 136,334 43.7 43,405 25.8 92,929 64.9 44~ts. Ootstoldllg . 89,672 28.8 50,918 30.2 38,754 27.1 516~ to 74% 13 6.9 13 72 Ao~t5.0Atotoodiog... 39,152 12.6 39,152 23.2 44ots. Ootsth,td%g 28,872 9.2 17,401 10.3 11,471 8,0 PAGENO="0166" 1968 Survey Retail Financing of Mobile Homes 3300.000 51.500.090 63,000.000 36.000000 $13000000 1990 % 3700.000 ~ $L499.000 s 32.099000 % ~990,C30,,,,,70. ~j5,990,000 330,000,000 s'0 0~l~ TABLE 6B USED mobile home contracts outstanding by institutions classified according to volume $300,000 $1,500,000 .,,.,Ists1.,,,,.....~..., 3200.000 % 1.099.000~% 32.993.000 70 153,099 100.0 2370 100.0 9,546 100.0 12385 100.0 9,377 5.5 31 02 2,203 23.1 0,395 002 3576 Maturities Exceeding 60 Months on Mobile Home Contracts OUTSTANDING in 1968 TABLE BA NEW mobile home contracts outstanding by institutions classified according to volume 13,859 100.0 13,815 100.0 20,297 iou: 84,720 100 10,275 100.0 13,244 105.0 9,200 60.9 2.87~ r; ~i `::~;: ~ PAGENO="0167" 3577 Maturities Exceeding 60 Months on Mobile Home Contracts PURCHASED in 1968 TABLE 7A NEW mobile home contracts purchased by institutIons classified according to volume $300,000 51.500,000 03.000000 56.000,000 $13,000,000 1,16 % $300,000 % $1,499,000 % $2,959,000 50 95,999,000 50 $12939000 S $20,000,000 S old Osol S $6699. 0oto95,~d,og 400,970 150.0 2,168 100.0 10509 100.0 13,244 100.0 15855 100.0 25056 00.0 20,401 100.0 304,457 100.0 A661s. 0$tstoldi!lg 3,944 1.0 549 21.2 2,302 21.9 1.093 6.9 25/, 16 49% 6 3.1 3 4.2 3 6.2 A16t8. O6tsto?ldilg 776 .2 163 6.3 613 5.8 50% to 74% 24 12.5 3 4.2 9 18.7 4 16.0 3 21.4 2 13.3 A~~ts. Oototoldlg 254,036 63.3 707 27.3 5,563 52.9 10,559 79.7 11,066 74.8 25,056 100.0 083,757 60.4 TABLE 70 USED mobile home contracts purchased by institutions classified according to volume $300,000 $1,500,000 $3,000,000 $6,000,000 $13,000,000 Totol % $300,000 S $1,499,000 5 $2,999,000 5 55.995,000 5 912.999,000 S 520.000.000 5 #4 06ot 5 Atoto. OAtst8ldilg 311,733 100.0 2,509 108.0 10,080 100.0 12,836 100.0 15,853 100.0 29,896 100.0 28,401 100.0 216,057 100.0 A76t5. 0~tst~ttditg 17,703 5.7 2.117 81.8 3,867 39.4 5,027 39.2 4,535 31.1 1,753 6.8 Aoots. 0~tststdittg 136,334 43.7 471 18.2 4,192 41.6 5,051 39.4 5,797 36.6 9,201 35.6 12,410 43.6 99,212 45.9 $6665. 0otst~ttd,ttg 29,872 9.3 415 4,1 1,117 8.7 1,057 6.9 3,899 15.0 22,344 10.3 PAGENO="0168" 3578 1968 Survey Retail Financing of Mobile Homes Maturities of Ten Years on Mobile Home Contracts PURCHASED in 1968 TABLE IA Mobile home contracts purchased by banks and finance companies Tot2I % Sr3o % C 74440 % 744t2. 030 470i1u 401,228 100.0 108,674 ino.n 231,054 100.0 2,344 5 2,344 14 TABLE SB Mobile home contracts purchased by institutions classified according to volume 5~°~°°° s1.5~,0o0 $3,000,000 $6,000,000 $13,000,000 PAGENO="0169" 3579 Comparative Repossession Trends By banks and finance companies 1968 Repossession trends by institutions classified according to volume outstanding 193 100.0 69100.0 17100.0 Agreements With Dealers Changes in Retail Finance Charges in 1968 Number of Years Experience in Mobile Home Financing Amount of Increase R7po~t~lg in Finance Charges in 1968 PAGENO="0170" 3580 NFPA No. USAS 501B A119.1 1968 1969 UNiTED STATES OF AMERICA STANDARDS INSTITUTE STANDARD FOR MOBILE HOMES Body and Frame Design and Construction Installation of Plumbing, Heating, and Electrical Systems $2.00 Copyright © 1969 and sponsored by Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, VI. 60606 National Fire Protection Association 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. 02110 Trailer Coach Association 1340 West 3rd St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90017 PAGENO="0171" 3581 Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association The Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association (MHMA) is a non-profit, trade organization to serve the mobile home industry and promote industry growth by providing better tools for successful operation. It is voluntarily supported by manufacturers, suppliers, and related service organizations. It has a Standards Division with field engineering personnel to visit mem- ber plants regularly, inspecting units and assisting when necessary in the correction of any deviations from the standards applicable to mobile homes. MHMA Manufacturers must comply with the provisions of this Standard as a condition of membership. National Fire Protection Association The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a non-profit tech- nical and educational organization to promote the science and improve the methods of fire protection. Organized in 1.896, the Association has a broad-scale standards-making program to aid in its objective to reduce loss of life and destruction of property by fire. The Association publishes the standards developed under its aegis in pamphlet editions (such as this) and in what is known as the National Fire Codes (a ten-volume compila- tion annually updated, totaling approximately 7,000 pages). For full in- formation about the Association and for a list of its publications, write to the Association's Headquarters. Trailer Coach Association The Trailer Coach Association represents the manufacturers of mobile homes and recreational vehicles, dealers and suppliers in the Western States while drawing its members from all sections of the country. Founded in 1936, the Association sponsors mobile home and recreational vehicle shows in the major western cities and has research programs dedicated to advance the proper use of mobile homes and recreational vehicles. It has a Standards Department which works with the enforcing officials in the vari- ous Western States to encourage compliance with the recommendations con- tained in this standard. The Trailer Coach Association currently has a staff of 18 and a membership of 742. United States of America Standards Institute The United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) is the na- tional coordinating institution for voluntary standardization in the U.S.A. through which organizations concerned with standardization may cooperate in recognizing, establishing and improving standards in this country. Ap- proval of a standard by the Institute is based on a consensus of those essen- tially concerned with its scope and provisions. The institute has a Member Body Council, a Consumer Council, and a Company Member Council. The Member Body Council is composed of non-profit technical, professional, scientific, trade, or other membership associates, societies, or organizations which are of national scope and recognition. The Mobile Homes Manu- facturers Association, the National Fire Protection Association, and the Trailer Coach Association are Member Bodies of the USASI. Copyright and Republishing Rights This publication is copyrighted © by the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, the National Fire Protection Association, and the Trailer Coach Association. Permission is granted to republish in full the material herein in laws, ordinances, regulations, administrative orders or similar documents issued by public authorities. All others desiring permission to reproduce this material in whole or in part shall consult the Mobile Homes Manufac- turers Association, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60606, the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mas- sathusetts, 02110, and the Trailer Coach Association, 1340 West 3rd Street, Los Angeles. California,.9001.7. 4M-2/70-WP/FP(15M) Printed in U.S.A. PAGENO="0172" 3582 A119.1-i 501B-1 United States of America Standard for Mobile Homes Body and Frame Design and Construction Requirements and the Installation of Plumbing, Heating and Electrical Systems USA Standard A119l-1969 NFPA No. 5O1B-~I968 This Edition of Standard on Mobile Homes This Standard has been developed by a USA Standards Commit- tee on Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers sponsored jointly by the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, the National Fire Pro- tection Association, and the Trailer Coach Association. Personnel of the Committee are listed on pages A 119.1-2 and Al 19.1-3. It has been approved by all three sponsoring organizations and approved by the United States of America Standards Institute under date of January 27, 1969. Action on behalf of the NFPA took place at the NFPA Annual Meeting, May 20-24, 1968, at Atlanta, Georgia. Tentative Interim Amendment No. 1-1968 has also been processed in accordance with NFPA procedures concerning paragraphs 10.7, 10.10 and 10.11 of Part IV and this Amendment appears on page Al 19.1-106. Origin and Development of Standard on Mobile Homes This Standard replaces the American Standard Installations of Plumbing, Heating, and Electrical Systems in Mobile Homes (A119.1-1963) and the NFPA Standard for Fire Prevention and Fire Protection in Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers (NFPA No. 501B-1964). The formation of this Committee under the aegis of the United States of America Standards Institute (formerly Amer- ican Standards Association) combined the activities of the former ASA Al 19.1 Committee and the NFPA Committee on Trailers and Trailer Courts and resulted from action taken by the Boards of Directors of the three sponsoring organizations, with the approval of the ASA, in 1964. The principal changes made in this text as compared with the 1963 edition of Al 19.1 are indicated by vertical marginal rules opposite the affected paragraphs. PAGENO="0173" Leroy V. Abbott, Insurance Co. of North America Stanley S. Backner, Plumbing Fix- ture Manufacturers Association Russell B. Bahr, California Division of Building & Housing Standards Roy 3. Boston, Conference of State Sanitary Engineers Keith D. Clótz, National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Con- tractors David Curley, American Insurance Association Kendall H. Flint, Gas Vent Institute T. Stuart Flood, American Society of Sanitary Engineering Tom S. Gable, National Sanitation Foundation Hans B. Grigo, National Safety Coun- cil John H. Hast, National Park Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior Jordan Heiman, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers Walter H. Johnson, National LP-Gas Association John C. Jureit, American Society of Civil Engineers Arthur Kretschman, Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association Norman Latter, International Asso- ciation of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials A119.1-2 Eugene L. Lehr, Public Health Ser- vice, National Center for Urban and Industrial Health Gordon B. Lemke, American Mutual Insurance Alliance Don Longworth, Mobile Homes Re- search Foundation H. B. Love, National Electrical Code Committee (USA Cl) V. T. Manas, American Society of Mechanical Engineers D. M. Manson,f Canadian Standards Association Testing Laboratories John Martin, Mobile Homes Manufac- turers Association W. H. Milby, Electric Light and Power Group Thomas M. Murphy, New York State Division of Housing and Com- munity Renewal Edwin A. Olsen, Compressed Gas As- sociation, Inc. Frank Osborn, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute J. A. Reade, American Gas Assöcia- tion Robert 0. Reichei, U. S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development M. Z. Reuben, Building Officials Con- ference of America 3583 501B-2 Committee on Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers Corrected to July 1, 1968 A USA Standards Committee of the United States of America Standards Institute (Al 19) L. E. Henry, Chairman, Southern California Gas Company, Box 3249, Terminal Annex, Lcs Angele3, Calif. 90054 (rep. American Gas Association) J. C. Robertson, Vice-Chairman, Maryland State Fire Marshal, 301 West Preston `Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 (rep. Fire Marshals Association of North America) George D. Matthews,t Secretary, Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606 Francis Greenleaf,j Assistant Secretary, Trailer Coach Association, 1340 W. Third St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90017 Walter D. Peck,j Assistant Secretary Standards Dir., Recreational Vehicle Institute, Inc., 2720 Des Plumes Ave. Des Plaines, Ill. 60018 George H. Tryon, (SFPE)f, Assistant Secretary, National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. 02110 fNonvoting. PAGENO="0174" 3584 Myron J. Sasser, Southern Building Code Congress W. J~. Smith, Underwriters' Labora- tories, Inc. M. W. Smithman, National Associa- tion of Home Builders Harry A. Stuart, Recreational Coach & Equipment Association Earl W. Swett, Mobile Homes Manu- facturers Association Gaylon H. Claiborne, Alternate to H. Z. Reuben, Building Officials Conference of America Philip Dykstra, Alternate to Hans R. Grigo, National Safety Council Robert J. Evans, Alternate to F. W. Osborn, Air Conditioning and Re- frigeration Institute F. E. Hodgdon, Alternate to L. E. Henry and 3. A. Reade, American Gas Association Arthur Jungdahl, Alternate to Ken- dall H. Flint, Gas Vent Institute P. B. Kent,t Alternate to D. M. Man- son, Canadian Standards Association Herbert Luoma, Alternate to Arthur Kretschman, Gas Appliance Manu- facturers Association Neil MacLean, Alternate to Norman Latter, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials J. P. Markey, Alternate to W. R. Milby, Electric Light and Power Group Ronald 0. Mayer, Alternate to T. Stuart Flood, American Society of Sanitary Engineering Jiyun Nakaji, Alternate to C. 3. Van Zandt, Trailer Coach Association C. ~. Van Zandt, Trailer Coach Asso- ciation Glenroy 3!. Walker, Fire Marshals Association of North America B. B. Ward, International Associa- tion of Electrical Inspectors Paul H. Winter, National Electrical Manufacturers Association Robert S. Wyly, Building Research Division, National Bureau of Stan- dards Arthur H. Neil, Alternate to Eugene L. Lehr, Public Health Service, Na- tional Center for Urban and Indus- trial Health B. 0. Paulson, Alternate to T. Stuart Flood, American Society of Sanitary Engineering C. W. Phillips, Alternate to Robert S. Wyly, National Bureau of Standards Earl W. Roberts, Alternate to Paul H. Winter, National Electrical Manu- facturers Association Joseph P. Schock, Alternate to Eu- gene L. Lehr, Public Health Service, National Center for Urban and In- dustrial Health Frank Stetka, Alternate to George H. Tryon, National Fire Protection Association W. Thomas7 Alternate to David Cur- ley, American Insurance Association Herbert P. Tinning, Alternate to Jor- dan Heiman. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers Warden F. Wilson, Alternate to V. T. Manas, American Society. of Me- chanical Engineers Herbert Witte, Alternate to W. 3. Smith, Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Bene H. Yerke, Alternate to W. 3. Smith, Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Al 19.1-3 501B..3 Alternates This Committee functions as a Sectional Committee (A119) of the USA Standards Institute under the joint sponsorship of the Mobile gomes Manu- facturers Association, the Trailer Coach Association, and the National Fire Protection Association. fNon-voting. PAGENO="0175" 3585 501B-4 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-4 Standard for Mobile Homes Body and Frame Design and Construction Requirements and the Installation of Plumbing, Heating and Electrical Systems USA Standard A119.1.-1969 NFPA No. 501B- 1968 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 6 Part I Body and Frame Design and Construction Requirements 8 1. Introduction 8 2. Scope 8 3. Basic Principles 9 4. Definitions 9 5. General Requirements 10 6. On Site Structural Design Requirements 12 7. Construction 15 8. Design Considerations 18 9. Tests 18 10. Structural Design Reouirements for In-transit Conditions 19 Table I Accepted Engineering Practice Standards 22 Appendix I Equipment and Procedures for Determining Effective Flexural Rigidity (El) 24 Appendix II Test Procedure for Roof Rafters or Roof Trusses 29 Appendix III Si Part II Plumbing Systems . 32 1. Introduction 32 2. Scope 32 3. Basic Principles 33 4. Definitions 34 5. General Requirements 39 6. Materials - Quality and Weight 40 Table II Standards for Plumbing System Components 41 7. Joints and Connections 45 8. Traps and Cleanouts 45 9. Plumbing Fixtures 48 10. Hangers and Supports 51 11. Water Distribution System 51 Table 2 Minimum Size Tubing and Pipe for Water Distribution Systems 55 12. Drainage Systems 56 13. Vents and Venting 59 Table 3 Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent 61 14. Test and Inspection 61 Part III Heating Systems 63 1. Introduction 63 2. Scope 63 3. Definitions 64 PAGENO="0176" 3586 A119.1-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 501B-5 4. Fuel Supply Systems 66 5. Piping Systems 69 Table 4 Sizing Gas Piping Systems 72 6. Heat-Producing Appliances 77 Table 5 Minimum Metal Thickness for Ducts 79 Table 6 Maximum Allowable Static Pressures in Supply Duct Systems 79 Appendix to Part III - Applicable Standards 81 Part IV Electrical Systems 84 1. Introduction 84 2. Scope 84 3. Definitions 84 4. General Requirements 89 5. Materials and Equipment 89 6. Receptacle Outlets Required 89 7. Branch Circuits Required 90 8. Calculations for Lighting and Appliance Load 91 9. Disconnecting Means and Branch Circuit Protective Equipment .... 93 10. Power-Supply Assembly 94 11. Wiring Methods 96 12. Under Chassis Wiring (Exposed to Weather) 97 13. Switch and Receptacle Plates 97 14. Conductors in Outlet Boxes 98 15. Painting of Wiring 98 16. Polarization 98 17. Connection to Terminals and Splices 99 18. Wall Switches 99 19. Receptacle Outlets 100 20. Lighting Fixtures 100 21. Wiring of Expandable Units and Dual Units 101 22. Outdoor Outlets, Fixtures, Air-Cooling Equipment, Etc 101 23. Grounding 102 24. Electrical Testing 104 25. Electrical Marking 105 Tentative Interim Amendment No. 1-1968 106 PAGENO="0177" 3587 501B-6 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-6 Standard for Mobile Homes BODY AND FRAME DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS AND THE iNSTALLATION OF PLUMBING, HEATING AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS USA Standard A119.1-1969 NFPA No. 501B- 1968 Foreword This USA Standard has been developed by the USA Committee on Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers (Al 19) of the USA Stan- dards Institute. The USA Committee is sponsored jointly by the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606; the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110; and the Trailer Coach Association, 1340 West Third Street, Los Angeles, California 90017. A roster of the personnel of the Committee which developed this Standard appears herein. The Committee member- ship is inclusive of those having a substantial interest in the subject as consistent with the Bylaws of the USA Standards Institute. Subcommittees handle the detail technical work with one Sub- committee responsible for each of the "Parts" of the Standard. A number of specialists have served on these Subcommittees who are not members of the USA Committee. The sponsors wish to acknowledge with appreciation their cooperation and assistance in the development of this text. In conformance with USA Standard Institute policy, the USA Committee responsible for this work is a standing committee which will periodically review this Standard in an effort to keep the information up to date. Anyone interested is invited to make recommendations for revisions to the Chairman and Secretary of the Committee. This USA Standard for Mobile Homes (Al 19.1-1969) replaces the American Standard Installations of Plumbing, Heating, and Electrical Systems in Mobile Homes (A 119.1-1963) and the NFPA Standard for Fire Prevention and Fire Protection in Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers (No. 501B-1964). Currently work is proceed- ing on the development of a USA Standard for Recreational Vehi- cles and standards covering mobile home parks and recreational vehicle parks. The American Standard Installations of Plumbing, 48-254 0 - 70 - 12 PAGENO="0178" 3588 Al 19.1-7 FOREWORD 501B-7 Heating and Electrical Systems in Travel Trailers (Al 19.2-1963) and the NFPA Standard for Fire Protection in Trailer Courts (NFPA No. 501A-1964) may be used as reference material pending the updating of both texts. The participation of the National Fire Protection Association as a sponsor of this project is administrative and undertaken in the sole interest of safety to life and property from fire and allied hazards. Some portions of this Standard cover areas outside the scope of NFPA's normal sphere of activity but are of interest and concern to the other sponsors and to users of mobile homes. The NFPA Board of Directors has authorized the Association's partici- pation with the understanding that its responsibility extends only to those areas within its scope. PAGENO="0179" 3589 501B-8 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-8 Part I Body and Frame Design and Construction Requirements 1. Introduction 1.1 Those members of the engineering profession and others associated with the design, manufacturing and quality control of mobile home construction have been aware of the need for stan- dards leading to the providing of healthful and safe housing with complete living facilities, arranged and equipped to assure suitable living conditions.. 1.2 Much of the material in Part I has been taken from, or is based on, nationally recognized standards for construction in- cluding those issued by the Federal Housing Administration, the Building Officials Conference of America, Inc., the Southern Build- ing Code Congress, and the New York State Division of Housing and Community Renewal. 2. Scope 2.1 This standard covers the minimum requirements for mate- rials, products, equipment and workmanship needed to assure that the Mobile Home will provide (a) the structural strength and rigidity, (b) the protection against corrosion, decay, insects and other similar destructive forces, (c) reasonable protection against the hazards of fire and windstorm, (d) resistance to the elements, (e) durability and economy of maintenance as set forth in the provisions of this Standard. 2.2 This standard is not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons. 2.3 Wherever existing standards and this standard differ, the requirements of the latter shall apply. 2.4 This standard has been prepared with the emphasis on performance as opposed to its being a specification standard. The provisions of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, appliance, installation, device, arrangement, or method of construction not specifically prescribed herein, pro- vided any such alternative has been approved or listed. An en- forcement agency may approve any such alternative if it finds the proposed design is satisfactory for the purpose intended and if the material, appliance, installation, device, arrangement, and PAGENO="0180" 3590 A119.1-9 PART I - CONSTRUCTION 501B-9 method of work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this Standard in quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety, and for the protection of life and health. An enforcement authority may require that satisfactory evidence or proof be submitted to substantiate any claims that may be made regarding the use of any such alternative. 3. Basic Principles 3.1 The principles of this standard are given as basic goals in the construction of mobile homes, which will also serve as guide lines for the understanding of this standard. These principles will serve to define the intent of this standard when considera- tions arise which are not covered in the body of the standard. Principle No. 1. To provide safe, healthful and comfortable living facilities with adequate storage space and economy of main- tenance. Principle No. 2. To provide adequate natural light and ventila- tion. Principle No. 3. To provide structural strength and rigidity suf- ficient for design loads, both in transit and on site. Principle No. 4. To provide adequate running gear and hitch for safe transportation of the mobile home. Principle No. 5. To provide equipment designed and installed for safety of operation, ease of service, and adequate for the intend- ed use. Principle No. 6. To provide installed materials of adequate spec- ification to resist deterioration. Principle No. 7. To provide against the entrance of water and winds at all joints, connections, and openings in exterior surfaces. Principle No. 8. To provide arrangement of habitable spaces for fire and health safety. 4. Definitions 4.1 Accepted Engineering Practice. The regulations, specffi- cations and standards listed in Table I (Accepted Engineering Practice Standards) shall be deemed to represent accepted en- gineering practice in respect to materials, equipment, systems or method of construction. PAGENO="0181" 3591 501B-1O MOBILE HOMES A119.1-1O 4.2 Habitable Room. A room or enclosed floor space arranged for living, eating, food preparation and sleeping purposes (not including bathrooms, water closet compartments, laundries, pantries, foyers, hallways, and other accessory floor spaces). 4.3 Loads. 4.3.1 Dead Load. The weight of all permanent construction including walls, floors, roof, partition, and fixed service equipment. 4.3.2 Live Load. The weight superimposed by the use and oc- cupancy. of the mobile home, including wind load and snow load, but not including dead load. 4.3.3. Wind Load. The lateral or vertical pressure or uplift on the mobile home due to wind blowing in any direction. 4.4 Hurricane and Windstorm Resistive Mobile Home. A mobile home which meets the added wind design load and anchorage re- quirements of Section 6. 4.5 Mobile Home. A vehicular, portable structure built on a chassis and designed to be used without a permanent foundation* as a dwelling when connected to indicated utilities. 5. General Requirements 5.1 Minimum Requirements. The design and construction of a mobile home shall conform with the provisions of this stan- dard. Requirements for any size, weight, or quality of material modified by the terms of "minimum," "not less than," "at least," and similar expressions are minimum standards. The manufac- turer or installer may exceed these standards provided such deviation does not result in any inferior installation or defeat the purpose and intent of this standard. 5.2 Workmanship. All construction methods and workmanship shall be in conformance with accepted engineering practices to in- sure durable, livable, and safe housing. 5.3 Structural Analysis. The strength and rigidity of the com- ponent parts and/or the integrated structure shall be deter- mined by engineering analysis or by suitable load tests to simu- late the actual loads and conditions of application that occur both in transit and on site. However, tests for flexural rigidity shall be made of each different design in accordance with Section 6 of this Part. *The phrase "without a permanent foundation" indicates that the support system is constructed with the intent that the mobile home placed thereon will be moved from time to time at the convenience of the owner. PAGENO="0182" 3592 Al 19.1-li PART I - CONSTRUCTION 501B-1 1 5.4 Design Approval Procedure. Approval of plans, specifi- cations, and completed mobile homes by the authority having jurisdiction under the provisions of this standard shall be accom- plished by a certificate of compliance from a firm or organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, by a registered professional engineer or architect, or by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. 5.5 Hurricane and Windstorm Resistive Design. Only mobile homes which meet the requirements of Section 6 may be desig- nated "Hurricane and Windstorm Resistive". No similar designa- tion which would imply hurricane or windstorm resistance shall be used when the home does not meet these requirements. 5.6 New Materials and Methods. Any new material or method of construction not provided for in this standard and any ma- terial or method of questioned suitability, proposed for use in the manufacture of the structure, shall nevertheless conform in performance as outlined in 5.1 of this Part. All test specimens and construction samples shall be representative of the materials, workmanship and details used in actual practice. 5.7 Acceptability of Materials. Compliance with applicable provisions of prescribed Standards (Table I), except as otherwise prescribed in this standard, shall constitute compliance with this standard. Deviations from applicable provisions of prescribed Standards (Table I) when they meet the performance require- ments of this standard shall constitute compliance with the stan- dard. 5.8 Structural Requirements. The mobile homes shall be de- signed and constructed as a completely integrated structure cap- able of sustaining the design load requirements of this standard and shall be capable of transmitting these loads to properly de- signed piers or foundation without causing an unsafe deformation or abnormal internal movement of the structure or its structural parts. (See 6.2 of this Part). For in-transit condition, the inte- grated structure shall be capable of transmitting the loading speci- fied to the wheel assembly, which in turn shall be designed to safely transmit these lo3ds to the ground. (See 10.1 of this Part). 5.9 Allowable Design Stress. The design stresses of all mate- rials shall conform to accepted engineering practice. The use of materials not identified as to strength or stress grade shall be limit- ed to the minimum allowable stress~s under accepted engineering practice. PAGENO="0183" 3593 501B-12 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-12 5.10 Alternate Test Procedures. In the absence of listed and prescribed Standards, the manufacturer shall develop or cause to be developed necessary tests to demonstrate the structural properties and the significant characteristics of the method employed. Such tests shall be made by a recognized testing organization or may be made and certified to by the manufacturer. Copies of the test results shall be kept on file by the mobile home manufacturer. 6. On Site Structural Design Requirements 6.1 Design Dead Loads. Design dead loads shall be the actual dead load (see 4.3.1 of this Part) supported by the structural as- sembly under consideration. 6.2 Design Live Loads. The design live loads shall be as specified in 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, and 6.9 of this Part and shall be considered to be uniformly distributed. Pier spacings on which the design is based shall be specified by the manufacturer on the manufacturer's certificate. 6.3 Wind Loads and Snow Loads. When one of the compo- nents of the live load is wind or snow load, unit stresses may be increased in accordance with standard engineering practice, but not to exceed the amounts specified herein. 6.3.1 Standard Wind. Horizontal 15 lb/ft2 Vertical (horizontal projection) 9 lb/ft2 uplift Vertical Downward See 6.4 Roof Loads 6.3.2 Hurricane Wind. Mobile homes which are designated "Hurricane and Windstorm Resistive" shall be designed for the following wind loads. Horizontal 25 lb/ft2 Vertical (horizontal projection) 15 lb/ft2 uplift Vertical Downward (See 6.4 Roof Loads) 30 lb/ft2 6.4 Roof Loads. Flat, curved and pitched roofs shall be de- signed to resist the following live loads, applied downward on the horizontal projection: NORTH ZONE: 30 lb/ft2 (including wind and snow loads) and normal unit stresses may be increased by 15%. MIDDLE ZONE: 20 lb/ft2 (including wind and snow loads) and normal unit stresses may be increased by 25%. PAGENO="0184" 3594 A119.1-13 PART I-CONSTRUCTION 501B-13 HURRICANE ZONE: 30 lb/ft2 (including wind and snow loads) and normal unit stresses may be increased by 33-1/3%. See Appendix 111 for Zone Map of U.S.A. The Manufacturer's Certificate posted in the mobile home (Para- graph 7.5.1 of this Part) shall state which of these structural zones of the U.S.A. the mobile home has been designed for; and the certi- ficate shall show a reproduction of the zone map in Appendix III at no less than half scale. 6.5 Fastening of Structural Systems. Roof framing shall be securely fastened to wall framing, walls to floor structure, and floor structure to frame to secure and maintain continuity between the floor and frame (if provided), so as to resist wind c~verturning and sliding as imposed by design loads in 6.3.1 of this Part. (Directions for anchorage shall accompany all mobile homes.) 6.5.1 HURRICANE AND WINDSTORM RESISTIVE MOBILE HOMES shall have over-the-roof ties with provisions for distributing the load of these ties, and provisions for the attachment of anchors so as to resist wind overturning and sliding as imposed by the design loads in 6.3.2 of this Part. 6.6 Walls. The walls shall be of sufficient strength to withstand vertically, the maximum roof load requirements as defined in 6.3.1, 6.3.2, and 6.4 of this Part, without exceeding the deflections as specified in 6.9. The connections between bearing walls, floor, and roof framework members shall be fabricated in such a man- ner as to provide support for the material used to enclose the mobile home and to provide for transfer of all lateral and vertical loads to the floor and frame foundation. 6.7 Interior Partition. Whenever an interior partition is de- signed to serve as a secondary structural member, it shall be con- structed with values adequate for the purpose intended. 6.8 Floors. Floor assemblies shall be designed in accordance with accepted good engineering practice to support a uniform live load of 40 lb/sq. ft., plus the dead load of the materials. In addi- tion (but not simultaneously), floor shall be able to support a 200- pound concentrated load on a 2-inch diameter disc at the most critical location with a maximum deflection not to exceed I/8 inch relative to floor framing. 6.9 Design Load Deflections. When a structural assembly is subjected to total design live and dead loads, the deflections shall not exceed the following: PAGENO="0185" 3595 501B-14 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-14 Floor L/240 Roof and Ceiling L/180 (see Appendix II) Sidewalls L/180 Where L = the clear span between supports. 6.10 Ultimate Load Tests. Every structural assembly shall be capable of sustaining its dead load plus superimposed live loads equal to 1¾ times the required live loads for a period of 12 hours without failure. Failure shall be considered rupture, fracture, or residual deflections which are greater than the limits set in 6.9 of this Part. 6.11 Basic Structural Integrity. Basic structural integrity shall be determined by the method described in Appendix I. Effective flexural rigidity of the complex mobile home structure is the basis of this requirement. (a) For forward loading this is expressed mathematically as follows: (EI)~ = 36 L~3 (P/y)f: lb-in2 (1) where: E = Modulus of elasticity I = Moment of inertia (El) = Effective flexural rigidity for forward span L~ Forward span length in feet between supports (P/y) = Forward spring rate, lb-in The minimum values for acceptable performance are given in Figure 1, Appendix I. (b) For rear loading the following shall apply: `/2 (El) r = Lr3 (P/y) r [1 +Lf/Lr]: lb-in' (2) where: (El) r = Effective flexural rigidity for rear span Lr = Rear span length, ft. (P/y) r = Rear spring rate, lb-in. The acceptable value for `/2 (El) r should be within ±30 percent of (EI)f. PAGENO="0186" 3596 Al 19.1-15 PART I - CONSTRUCTION 501B-15 7. Construction 7.1 Weather Resistance. Exterior covering shall be of moisture and weather resistive materials attached with corrosion resistant fasteners to resist wind and rain. Metal coverings shall be of cor- rosion resistant materials. 7.2 Condensation Resistance. Spaces within outside walls and ceilings shall be ventilated and/or shall be provided with corrosion resistant vapor type barriers on the warm side of the walls and ceilings or other means shall be used to avoid condensation within these structures. 7.3 Interior Surfaces. In all habitable spaces, interior exposed ceiling, wall, and partition surfaces shall be faced with materials whose flame-spread classification shall not exceed Class C as defined in Section 6-2114 of the Code for Safety to Life from Fire in Build- ings and Structures, NFPA No. 10 1-1967, (flame spread at more than 75 but not more than 200) when tested by the Standard Method of Tes.t for Surface Burning Characteristics Building Ma- terials (USAS A2.5-1963, ASTM E84-67, UL 723-1960, NFPA No. 255-1966). All wall and partition surfaces shall be capable of resisting horizontal load of not less than five pounds per square foot. `7.4 Vermin Resistance. Exterior surfaces shall be effectively sealed so as to prevent the entrance of rodents. 7.5 Heat Loss. The total calculated heat loss of the living unit at the outdoor design temperature as certified in 7.5.1 of this Part shall not exceed the following: a. 50 Btu/hr sq. ft. of the total floor area, or 375 Btu/hr lineal ft. of the perimeter of the space to be heated to 70°F,. whichever is the greater. b. For electrically heated mobile homes 0.184 watts/hr. sq. ft., F (temperature difference), (0.628 Btu/hr, sq. ft., F), and not to exceed 40 Btu/hr, sq. ft. of floor area, whichever is less. c. The minimum total resistance factors (R) of the wall, ceiling and floor shall never be less than the following: Type of Fuel Use for Heating Wall Ceiling Floor Gas or Oil 5.5 8.2 5.5 Electric 6.5 13.0 12.0 The total "R" value is obtained by adding the insulation "R" value together with the "R" value of mobile home construction. Typical mobile home construction "R" values, excluding framing, have been calculated to be: Sidewalls R= 2.0; Floor and ceiling R= 3.0. These PAGENO="0187" 3597 501B-16 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-16 CERTIFICATE The manufacturer of this Mobile Home _________________ hereby certifies: 1) Model No. ____________ Mobile Home is designed to meet the Heat Loss Requirements of USA Standard Al 19.1 (Section 7.5) which provides that heat loss does not exceed: (Check one) a) 50 Btu per sq. ft. of floor area b) 40 Btu per sq. ft. of floor area if electrically heated c) 375 Btu per lineal ft. of outside wall with an indoor average temperature of 70°F at no more than 15 mph wind velocity and the following outdoor design temperatures: ~°F with storm sash ___________°F without storm sash 2) The ____________________________________ Furnace installed (Make and Model Number) in this Mobile Home has the capacity of maintaining a 70°F average inside temperature, at wind velocities of no more than 15 mph, with an outdoor temperature of; ~°F with storm sash ~°F without storm sash The liability of the manufacturer of the furnace ___________________ (Name) -~ is limited to the printed warranty for the (Address) furnace, furnished herewith, to the purchaser. (Manufacturer) (Address) Figure 2 typical R values are to be calculated using all component materials and spaces as outlined in the latest edition of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (see footnote). 7.5.1 The mobile home manufacturer shall permanently affix a certificate (see Figure 2) to an interior surface of the home that is readily visible to the home owner. The certificate shall specify the following: a. The lowest outdoor design temperature at which the mobile home heat loss complies with Paragraph 7*5** (1) With storm sash. (2) Without storm sash. b. The lowest outdoor temperature at which the installed fur- nace will maintain a 70°F. temperature inside the home with or without storm sash. *Outdoor design temperature may be found in the "Handbook of Fun- damentals" of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017. (Price: $12.00 Members; $20.00 Non-Members). In the 1967 volume this information may be found in Chapter 22, "Weather Data and De- sign Conditions". PAGENO="0188" The following "U" factors shall heat loss: 7.5.4 Ventilation Heat Loss. estimate ventilation heat loss: Outdoor Design Temperature-F 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° _100 - 20° - 30° - 40° The following shall be used to Ventilation Allowance-Btu/hr 3330 4440 5550 6660 7780 8880 10000 11110 12200 7.5.5 Duct Heat Loss. The supply duct heat loss shall be calculated separately using the actual duct surface area and the actual thickness of insulation between the duct and outside of the mobile home. If there is an air space of `/2 inch or less, the heat duct shall be assumed in contact with the insulation. If there is an air space of over I/Q inch between the duct and the insulation, no *Available from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017. (Price: $12.00 Members; $20 Non-Members) A119.1-17 3598 PART I-CONSTRUCTION 501B-17 7.5.2 Wall, floor, and ceiling cavity "R" and "U" factors shall be calculated as outlined in the latest edition of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.* 7.5.3 Framing Heat Loss. For the purpose of heat loss calcu- lations, the following stud areas shall be assumed: Wall - 20% of net wall area (less windows) Ceiling -5% of total ceiling area Floor - 10% of net floor area (less duct area) be used when calculating stud Structure "U" Factor "R" Factor Wall (15/s Wall (25/8 Wall (3~/8 stud) stud) stud) .32 .23 .18 3.12 4.35 5.55 Ceiling .23 4.35 PAGENO="0189" 3599 501B-18 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-18 special heat loss need be calculated - if the cavity in which the duct is located is assumed to be at 70°F. The average temperature inside the supply duct shall be assumed to be at least 130°F for the purpose of calculation. 8. Design Considerations 8.1 Light and Ventilation. Adequate provisions shall be made for light and ventilation in accordance with the following: 8.1.1 Habitable Rooms. Habitable rooms shall be provided with windows or doors whose total glass area is not less than 10 percent of the floor area. An area equivalent to not less than 5 percent of the floor area shall be available for unobstructed venti- lation. * In addition, if the ventilation area in the kitchen is less than 3 square feet, a fan with a minimum rated capacity of 100 CFM shall be provided in the kitchen. 8.1.2 Bathroom. The light and ventilation in the bathroom shall comply with Paragraph 8.1.1. In addition, if the ventilation area is less than 11/2 square feet, a fan with a minimum rated ca- pacity of 25 CFM shall be provided. 8.2 Ceiling Height. The minimum ceiling height in the main structure of the mobile home shall be not less than 7 feet, 0 inch. Any habitable area of greater than 50 square feet, but considered as a secondary structure shall have a minimum ceiling height of 6 feet, 4 inches. 8.3 Exits. Mobile homes shall have a minimum of two ex- terior doors located remote from each other. Doors shall be de- signed for exterior use, and in no case be less than 24 inches wide. Exterior doors shall permit opening from the inside by the simple operation of a single knob or lever. 9. Tests 9.1 General. Unless based on accepted engineering design (see 5.3 of Part I) for the use indicated, all new mobile home mate- rials, equipment, systems or methods of construction not provided for in this standard, shall be subjected to the tests specified in 5.10 of Part I. 9.2 Structural Integrity. Basic structural integrity as defined in 6.11 of Part I shall be determined by tests as described in Ap- pendix 1. This may be accomplished by the manufacturer or by a recognized testing organization. PAGENO="0190" 3600 Al 19.1-19 PART I - CONSTRUCTION 501B-19 9.3 Heat Loss. *Heat loss shall be determined by accepted en- gineering methods or tests to assure compliance with the require- ments of 7.5 of Part I. 10. Structural Design Requirements for In-transit Conditions 10.1 Chassis Assembly. The chassis assembly in conjunction with the mobile home structure shall be designed and constructed so as to be capable of sustaining the dead load plus 3 pounds per square foot floor load and the superimposed dynamic load resulting from over the road movement. (See 6.11 of Part I). The design shall be such as to insure rigidity and structural integrity of the complete mobile home structure and to insure against unsafe defor- mation or exceeding the allowable stresses of the materials that make up the assembly. All metal surfaces shall be protected against corrosion with an approved paint or other approved protective means. 10.1.1 Hitch Assembly. The hitch assembly which includes the "A" frame and coupling mechanism shall be rigidly constructed and securely fastened to the main structure to assure safe and ade- quate transfer of the maximum load between the mobile home and the hitch assembly. 10.1.2 Coupling Mechanism. The coupling mechanism which is normally of the socket type shall be securely fastened to the "A" frame in such a manner as to assure safe and adequate transfer of maximum loads including impact loads between the mobile home and hitch assembly and the towing vehicle. Couplings must be equipped with a manually operated mechanism so adapted as to prevent disengagement of the unit while in operation. In addition to this positive locking mechanism the coupling shall be so designed that it can be disconnected regardless of the angle of the mobile home to the towing vehicle. With the mobile home parked on level ground, the center of the socket of the coupler shall not be less than 20 inches nor more than 26 inches from the ground level. 10.2 Running Gear Assembly. The running gear assembly which includes springs, spring hangers, axles, bearings, wheels, brakes, rims and tires with their related hardware shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice to adequately sustain the designed loads, as indicated in Paragraph 10.1, and provide for the mobility of the mobile home. The subject assem- bly shall transmit the mobile home load to the ground without causing unsafe deformation or internal movement of any of the PAGENO="0191" 3601 501B-20 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-20 mobile home structural parts. The location of the running gear assembly in relation to the over-all length of the mobile home and its total weight including all its contents shall be such as to provide sufficient hitch weight to assure good and safe towing and braking qualities. Hitch weight should not be less than 12 per cent of the total weight of the mobile home nor more than 25 per cent. This hitch loading can normally be obtained by locating the running gear approximately 2/3 of the total chassis length to the rear of the front end. 10.2.1 Spring and Spring Hangers. Spring assemblies and hangers, shackles, bushings, and mounting bolts shall be capable of withstanding all the design loads as outlined in Paragraph 10.1 without exceeding maximum allowable stresses as set forth in the SAE Handbookf published by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Full recognition must be given both to operating stress and to fatigue life in determining the suitability of any spring suspension system. The capacity of the spring system shall be such as to assure that under maximum load conditions sufficient clearance will be maintained between tire and wheel well to provide for unimpeded wheel and tire movement. 10.2.2 Axles. Axles shall be manufactured in accordance with accepted standards to a degree of accuracy that will assure proper fit of bearings and brake mountings. The number of axles used will depend upon the total load to be carried by the undercarriage and the maximum load carrying capacity of the axle as specified by the axle manufacturer. 10.2.3 Hubs and Bearings. Hubs and bearings shall be pro- vided in accordance with design load requirements as described in Paragraph 10.1. Bearings shall be manufactured to specific stan- dards so as to insure interchangeability with replacement parts. Provisions for proper lubrication with properly applied seals shall be provided in accordance with good engineering practice. 10.2.4 Wheels and Rims. Wheels and rims shall be furnished and installed in accordance with the load requirements (Paragraph 10.1), the recommended practices contained in the latest edition of the Yearbook* of The Tire & Rim Association, and the recom- mendations of the wheel and rim manufacturer. tAvailable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 485 Lexington Ave., New Yoi~k, N.Y. 10017 (Price $25.00 List). *Avajlable from the Tire and Rim Association, Inc., Command Build- ing, 34 N. Hawkins Ave., Akron, Ohio 44313 (Price: $3.75). PAGENO="0192" 3602 Al 19.1-2 1 PART I - CONSTRUCTION 501B-21 10.2.5 Tires. Tires installed on mobile homes shall be capable of safely carrying all design loads, due consideration being given to anticipated usage. 10.2.6 Brakes. Brakes used shall be manufactured to accepted and listed standards and installed in accordance with the brake manufacturers recommendations. They shall be of the proper size, type, number and design, with method of actuation to adequately meet the stopping distance performance standards herein prescribed. 10.2.6.1 Acceptance Standards. Brakes on tractor and mobile homes shall be such that the maximum stopping distance from an initial velocity of 20 MPH shall not exceed 40 feet. (U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation Regulations) 10.2.7 Low Voltage Wiring. Electrical wiring between mobile home and towing vehicle shall comply with all applicable require- ments of the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. PAGENO="0193" 3603 50111-22 MOBILE HOMES TABLE I Accepted Engineering Practice Standards Al 19.1-22 AITC-200-1963 Ps 1-66 APA, 1966 APA, 1965 APA, 1964 PFS, 1967 APA, 1966 (N) FPA~1962* (N) FPA-1957 AITC~100.l965 Steel AA-l967 AISC-1963 AISI-1962 SJI-1966 AWS D1.0.66 Aluminum V Aluminum Construction Manual, Specifications for Aluminum Structures Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings Specification for the Design of Light Gage Cold~ Formed Steel Structural Members Standard Specifications and Load Tables Open Web Steel Joist Code for Arc and Gas Welding in Building Construc. tion Wood and Wood Products Hardboard Lumber, Structural Glued Laminated - Inspection Manual for Softwood Plywood - Construction and Industrial Plywood Design Specification (Form No. 66.510) Plywood Stressed Skin Panels, Design and Fabrication of (Form No. T64-370) Plywood Beams, Design and Fabrication of (Form No. T64-140) Plywood Curved Panels, Design and Fabrication of (Form No. F67-1510) Plywood Construction Guide (Form No. 66.450) Stress Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings - National Design Specifications for Structural Design Data - Wood Timber Construction Standards Design Specifications for Light Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses TPI-66 USDC CS 25 1-63 Unclassified ASHRAE Guide and Data Book - Handbook of Fundamentals - 1967 V AA - The Aluminum Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 AISI - American Iron and Steel Institute, 150 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017 AISC - American Institute of Steel Construction, 101 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 *Amended July 1967 48-254 0 - 70 - 13 PAGENO="0194" 3604 A119.1-23 PART I-TABLE i 501B-23 AITC - American Institute of Timber Construction, 1700 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 APA - American Plywood Association, 1119 A Street, Tacoma, Wash. 98401 ASHRAE - American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-condition- ing Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 AWS - American Welding Society, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017 CS - Commercial Standards - available from Sup't. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (N)FPA - National Forest Products Association (formerly National Luxn- ber Manufacturers Assn.), 1619 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 PFS - Plywood Fabricator Service, Inc., 119 A Street, Tacoma, Wash. 98401 PS - Product Standard - available from Sup't. of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 SJI - Steel Joist Institute, 1346 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 TPI - Truss Plate Institute, P.O. Box 253, Perrine, Florida 33157 USDCI - United States Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20234 PAGENO="0195" 3605 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-24 Appendix I Equipment and Procedures for Determining Effective Flexural Rigidity (El) EQUIPMENT The following is a description of the equipment required to per- form a load-deflection test on a mobile home: Quantity Item Required Description 1 2 2 2 3 - 4 2 5 1 6 2 7 2 8 500 lbs. PROCEDURE The recommended procedure for running a load-deflection test at a manufacturers plant is given as follows. The objective of the test is to determine the spring rate, (P/y), of a mobile home. Once the spring rate is known the effective flexural rigidity, (El), can be easily calculated. Step Procedure (1) Move mobile home to test area. For best results this should be a concrete pad that will provide a firm, non-yielding sur- face for the forward and rear supports. The area should be selected such that a stable temperature condition can be obtained. (2) Jack the running gear clear of the pad and position the rear supports. For two axle systems with an equalizer link, place the support under the equalizer (see Figure 3). For three axle systems position the supports under the forward equalizer link. Spread axle system should be supported at the steel frame midway between the axles. The mobile home should be kept as level as possible. 501B-24 Hydraulic jack: 5 ton. Rear support: Heavy wall steel pipe with bearing plates welded to ends, 8 in. diameter pipe or equivalent may be used. Steel shims: As required to level coach when on rear supports. Forward supports: 5 ton adjustable screw jacks. Tape measure: 50 foot. Dial indicator: (3 in. diameter indicators having an overall range of 1 in. and reading down to 0.00 1 in. is suggested). Apparatus stand with adjustable fittings for dial indi- cator. Test weight: Almost any material is suitable, such as steel shot in cloth mail bags, or lead shot is ideal for long term use. PAGENO="0196" Figure 1 (3) With the mobile home leveled, position the two forward screw jack supports (see Figure 3). These are brought up hand tight against the steel frame. Once in place, the screw jack fitted to the A-frame shall be retracted. (4) Measure the center-to-center distance between forward and rear supports. This dimension, in feet, is L1 in Equation 1-A (see also 6.11 of Part I). (5) With L~ known, find the midspan position and scribe a mark on the steel frame on both sides of the mobile home. Also, mark the midspan position inside the mobile home on the floor. Al 19.1-25 3606 PART I - APPENDIX i 501B-25 I I I 130 120 110 a D< 100 90~ ACCEPTABLE 80 - NOT ACCEPTABLE 45 50 55 60 MOBILE HOME LENGTH - FT. 65 70 PAGENO="0197" SUPPORT VIEWA~A 0 - TEST LOAD FORWARD LOADING MODE EQUIVALENT BEAM PAGENO="0198" 3608 A119.1-27 PART I-APPENDIX i 501B-27 (6) Position the dial indicators at the midspan locations (see Figure 3). Deflections are required at the steel frame only. Preload the dial indicators to any random reading so as to insure good contact between the indicator and the frame. Make sure the apparatus stands supporting the dial indi- cators are on a flat surface and are weighted down to prevent movement. (7) Note and record the initial dial indicator readings. Then, transfer 250 pounds of test weights into the mobile home and place on the floor at midspan such as shown in Figure 3. Note and record dial indicator readings. Apply another 250 pounds of weight and again take deflection readings. (8) With above data available plot the load-deflection curves for the mobile home; these should be very close to straight lines. The slope of the load-deflection curve is the spring rate, (P/y) ~, for the mobile home in the forward loading mode. `Two spring rates will be found, one for each side of the mobile home. The average value should be used to cal- culate (El). (9) Apply the numerical values for the average forward spring rate, ~, and span length, L1, to Equation 1-A to obtain a numerical value for the forward effective flexural rigidity, (El)1. Equation 1-A is as follows: (El) = 36 L13 (P/y) ~: lb-in2 (1-A) Where:. E = Modulus of elasticity I Moment of inertia L~ = Forward span length, ft. (P/y)r = Forward spring rate, lb-in. (10) A similar procedure can be carried out for the rear loading mode (see Figure 4). Equation 2-A (adjusted) applies. The limited amount of information available suggests that the numerical value for effective flexural rigidity in the rear mode, V2 (EI)~, should be within ±30 percent of (El) t. Equation 2-A is as follows: `/2 (El) r Lr3(P/'y) r [l +L1/Lr] lb-in2 (2-A) where: Lr = Rear span length, ft. (P/y) r = Rear spring rate, lb-in. PAGENO="0199" ~rj ciq eD - L r L IIPPS~ EQUIVALENT BEAM P 0 tTl 0 cI~ PAGENO="0200" 3610 Al 19.1-29 PART i - APPENDIX ii 501B-29 Appendix II Test Procedure for Roof Rafters or Roof Trusses GENERAL: Rafters and trusses may be tested in pairs, sheathed and mounted across supports, or singly in a suitable test facility. When tested in pairs, trusses shall be spaced at the design spacing. Trusses will be mounted on 4 inch by 4 inch supports accurately positioned to give the required clear span distance (L) as specified in the design of the truss. The top chord may be sheathed with the specified design sheathing or with 2 by 4 foot sheets `,4 inch plywood. Butting plywood sheets must be separated at least `/s inch. Design sheath- ing shall be attached with specified design fasteners. Plywood sheathing shall be nailed with 4d nails not closer than 8 inch on center along each top chord. The bottom chord shall be cross tied with 1 x 2 inch stripping not closer than 24 inches on center run- ning perpendicular between trusses. Rafter and truss defiections will be measured relative to a taut wire running over the supports and weighted at the end to insure con- stant tension. Defiections will be measured at the 2 quarter points and at midspan. Loading shall be applied to the top chord through a suitable hydraulic system, masonry units or weights to simulate a uniformly distributed load. Load units shall be separated so that arch action does not occur. TEST PROCEDURE: 1. Noting the drawing, measure and record initial elevation of rafter or truss in test position at no load. 2. Apply load units to the sheathing to equal the full dead load of roof and ceiling. Measure and record the deflections. 3. Maintaining the dead load, add live load in approximate 10 lb./ft' increments. Measure the defiections after each 10 lb./ft2 increment. Apply incremental loads at a uniform rate such that approximately `/2 hour is required to establish the total design load condition. Measure and record the deflections. The maximum deflection due to design live load (deflection measured in step 3 minus step 2) shall not exceed L/ 180, where L is the clear span measured in same units. 4. Continue to load rafter or truss to dead load plus 1.75 times the design live load. Maintain this loading for 12 hours and inspect truss for failure. 5. Remove superimposed live load and truss shall recover to at least the L/180 position within another 12 hours. PAGENO="0201" CLEAR SPAN, I 0 tT~ 0 tTl Cl) I. BRICKS OR OTHER UNIFORM LOADING UNITS, SPACED APART TO PREVENT ARCHING. SHEATHING * PULLEY LAB TECHNICIAN HOLDS STEEL RULE TO READ FLOOR OR OTHER DEFLECTIONS BY MEASURING SUITABLE SUPPORTS. DISTANCE BETWEEN TAUT WIRE AND BOTTOM OF BOTTOM CHORD AND TRUSS. WEIGHT PAGENO="0202" - (~3 PAGENO="0203" 3613 501B-32 Is~1OBILE hiOMES A119.1-32 Part II Plumbing Systems 1. Introduction 1.1 Those members of the engineering profession and others asso- ciated with the design, manufacturing, installation, and inspection of mobile home plumbing systems have been aware of the need for uniform technical standards leading to the safe and sanitary use of this special type of equipment. They have also recognized that be- cause of unique conditions of transport and use, existing plumbing standards for permanent buildings are not completely applicable to mobile homes. It is with these factors in mind that Part II of this standard has been developed. 1.2 Much of the material in Part II has been taken from, or is based on, the National Plumbing Code, Uniform Plumbing Code, and other nationally recognized standards for plumbing materials, fixtures, fittings, and equipment. 2. Scope 2.1 Part II of this standard covers the plumbing materials, fixtures, fittings, and equipment installed within or on mobile homes. 2.2 This standard is not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons. 2.3 Wherever the American Standard National Plumbing Code, A40.8-1955, Uniform Plumbing Code, and other nationally recog- nized standards for plumbing materials, fixtures, fittings and equip- ment and Part II of this standard differ, the requirements of the latter Shall apply. 2.4 The provisions of this Standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, appliance, installation, device, arrange- ment, or method of construction not specifically prescribed herein, provided any such alternative has been approved or listed. An enforcement agency may approve any such alternative if it finds the proposed design is satisfactory for the purpose intended, and if the material, appliance, installation, device, arrangement, and method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent performance of that prescribed in this standard con- sidering quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety, and pro- tection of life and health. An enforcement authority shall re- PAGENO="0204" 3614 Al 19.1-33 PART II-- PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-33 quire that satisfactory evidence or proof be submitted to sub- stantiate any claims that may be made regarding the use of any such alternative. 3. Basic Principles The principles of this standard are enunciated as basic goals in environmental sanitation, worthy of accomplishment through properly designed, acceptably installed, and adequately main- tained plumbing systems. The results desired and necessary to protect the health of the public are the same everywhere. Fur- thermore, as unforeseen situations arise that are not covered in the body of the standard, the principles may serve to define the in-* tent. Principle No. 1. Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal conditions of use. Principle No. 2. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper per- formance and cleaning. Principle No. 3. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from contamination and explosion through overheating. Principle No. 4. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non- absorbent material, shall be free from concealed fouling surfaces, and shall be located in ventilated enclosures. Principle No. 5. The piping of the plumbing system shall be of durable material, free from defective workmanship, and so de- signed and constructed as to give satisfactory service for its rea- sonable life expectancy. Principle No. 6. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system, except for mechanically sealed water closets or recirculat- ing chemical toilets, shall be installed with a water seal trap. Principle No. 7. The drainage system shall be designed to provide an adequate circulation of air in all piping with no danger of siphonage, aspiration, or forcing of trap seals under conditions of ordinary use. Principle No. 8. The plumbing system shall be subjected to tests that will effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the work, which must then be repaired. PAGENO="0205" 3615 501B-34 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-34 Principle No. 9. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment that is not properly lighted and ventilated. Principle No. 10. All plumbing fixtures shall be so installed with regard to spacing as to be reasonably accessible for their intended use. 4. Definitions Administrative Authority. The administrative authority is the in- dividual official, board, department, or agency established and authorized by a state, county, city, or other political subdivision created by law to administer and enforce the provisions of this Part as adopted or amended. Air Gap (Water Distribution System). The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fix- ture, water supplied appliance, or other device and the flood level of the receptacle. Approved. "Approved" means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Authority having jurisdiction. The "authority having jurisdiction" is the organization, office, or individual responsible for "approv- ing" equipment, an installation, or a procedure. Backilow. The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or sub- stances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or sources other than its intended sources. Back- siphonage is one type of backflow. Backflow Connection. Any arrangement whereby backflow can oc- cur. Backflow Preventer. A device or means to prevent backflow. Branch. Any part of the piping system other than a riser, main or stack. Branch Vent. A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent. Center. The midpoint between the right and left side of the mobile home. Combination Compartment. A shower stall or shower recess that provides for or includes the installation of a water closet and is of such size and proportions that it may not be occupied by more than one person. PAGENO="0206" 3616 A119.1-35 PART Il-PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-35 Common Vent. A vent connecting at the junction of fixture drains and serving as a vent for more than one fixture. Continuous Vent. A vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which it connects. Continuous Waste. A drain from two or more fixtures connected to a single trap. Cross Connection. Any physical connection or arrangement be- tween two otherwise separate systems or sources, one of which contains potable water and the other either water, steam, gas or chemical of unknown or questionable safety whereby there may be a flow from one system or source to the other, the direc- tion of flow depending on the pressure differential between the two systems. Developed Length. The developed length of a pipe is the length measured along the centerline of the pipe and fittings. Diameter. The diameter is the nominal diameter designated commercially. Drain. A drain is a pipe that carries waste, water, or water- borne wastes in a drainage system. Drain Hose. (See Sewer Connector). Drain Outlet. The lowest end of the main drain to which the terminal end of the sewer connector is attached. Drainage System. All the piping within or attached to the structure that conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to the drain outlet but does not include the sewer connector. Fixture Drain. The drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe. Fixture Supply. The water supply pipe connecting a fixture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main water supply pipe. Flood-Level. The flood-level is the level in the receptacle over which water would overflow to the outside of the receptacle. Flooded. The condition which results when the liquid in a con- tainer or receptacle rises to the flood-level. Flush Tank. A water tank that contains sufficient water to ade- quately flush a water closet. PAGENO="0207" 3617 501B-36 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-36 Flush Valve. A device located at the bottom of a tank for flushing water closets. Flushometer Valve. A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is closed by direct water pressure. Grade. (See Pitch) Horizontal Branch Drain. A drain branch pipe extending later- ally from a soil or waste stack or building drain with or without vertical sections or branches, which receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain. Horizontal Pipe. Any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of no more than 45 degrees with the horizontal. Individual Vent. A pipe installed to vent a fixture drain. It connects with the vent system above the fixture served or termi- nates outside the building into the open air. Inlet Coupling. Inlet coupling is the terminal end of the water system to which the water service connection is attached. It may be a swivel fitting or threaded pipe end. Labeled. Equipment bearing an inspection label of a nationally recognized testing agency (see Listed). Length. Length of a mobile home is the distance measured from the tip of the hitch to the part farthest to the rear. Liquid Waste. The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or appurtenance, which does not contain fecal matter or urine. Listed. Refers to plumbing materials, devices, fixtures, fittings, equipment, appliances, and accessories that are shown in a list published by a recognized agency, maintaining an adequate periodic inspection of current production of listed models, and whose listing states either that the material, device, fixture, fit- ting, equipment, appliance, or accessory complies with nationally recognized health and safety requirements or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner. Main. The principal pipe artery to which branches may be con- nected. Main Drain. The principal artery of the drainage system to which drainage may be connected. PAGENO="0208" 3618 Al 19. 1-37 PART II- PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-37 Main Vent. The principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches may be connected. Mobile Home. A vehicular, portable structure built on a chassis and designed to be used without a permanent foundation* as a I dwelling when connected to indicated utilities. Offset. A combination of pipe and/or fittings that brings one sectiOn of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other section. Pitch. The fall (slope) of a pipe in reference to a horizontal plane expressed in inches per foot length. Plumbing Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures are approved-type installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which (1) are supplied with water or (2) receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes for discharge into the drainage system. NOTE: For the purpose of this standard, water closet refers to tank- bowl combination, mechanical seal, grinder, recirculating chemical, and flushometer type toilets. Plumbing System. Includes the water supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; soil, waste, and vent pipes; and water-treating or water-using equipment. Relief Vent. An auxiliary vent which permits additional circula- tion of air in or between drainage and vent systems. Sewage. Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution, and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution. Sewer Connector. Consists of all pipes, fittings, and appurte- nances from the drain outlet of the mobile home to the inlet of the corresponding sewer riser pipe of the sewerage system serving the mobile home. Siphonage is the loss of water seal from fixture traps resulting from partial vacuum in the drainage system and may be of either of the following two types, or a combination of the two: a. Seif-siphonage resulting from vacuum in a fixture drain `generated solely by the discharge of the fixture served by that drain, or, b. Induced siphonage resulting from vacuum in the drainage system generated by the discharge of one or more fixtures other than the one under observation. *The phrase "without a permanent foundation" indicates that the support system is constructed with the intent that the mobile home placed thereon will be moved from time to time at the convenience of the owner. PAGENO="0209" 3619 501B-38 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-38 Standard. The word "standard" or "this standard" when used alone shall mean these requirements and subsequent amendments which the administrative authority may adopt. Trap. A fitting or device which, when properly vented, provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without mate- rially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it. Trap Arm. See Fixture Drain. Trap Seal Depth. The vertical distance between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap. Vacuum Breaker. See Backflow Preventer. Vent Stack. A vertical vent pipe installed to provide circulation of air to and from the drainage system and which extends through one or more stories. Vent System. That part of a piping installation which provides circulation of air within a drainage system. Vertical Pipe. Any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of 45 degrees or less with the vertical. Waste Pipe. A pipe receiving discharge from fixtures and con- veying it to the main drain or soil pipe. Waste Holding Tank. An enclosed tank for the temporary re- tention of water-borne waste. Water Connector. Consists of all pipes, fittings, and appurte- nances from the water riser pipe to the water inlet coupling of the distribution system within the mobile home. Water Distribution System. All of the water piping within the mobile home. Water Storage Tank. A tank installed in a mobile home for the purpose of storing potable water. Wet Vent. A vent which receives the discharge of wastes other than from water closets. Wet Vented Drainage System. A specially designed system of drain piping that also vents one or more plumbing fixtures by means of a common waste and vent pipe. 48-254 0 - 70 - 14 PAGENO="0210" 3620 Al 19.1-39 PART II - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 5O1B~39 5. General Requirements 5.1 Minimum Requirements. Plumbing systems installed in a mobile home shall conform, at least, with the provisions of this standard. Requirements for any size, weight, or quality of ma- terial modified by the terms "minimum," "not less than," "at least," and similar expressions are "minimum standards." 5.1.1 Connections to Drainage System. All plumbing, fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and appliances designed or used to receive or discharge liquid waste or sewage shall be connected to the mobile home drainage system in a manner provided by this standard. 5.1.2 Workmanship. All design, construction, and workmanship shall be in conformance with accepted engineering practices and shall be of such character as to secure the results sought to be ob- tained by this standard. 5.1.3 Components. Plumbing materials, devices, fixtures, fit- tings, equipment, appliances, and accessories intended for use in or attached to a mobile home shall be listed by a recognized agency, or be specifically approved by the administrative authority enforcing this Standard when listing by a recognized agency is not available or cannot be legally recognized. 5.1.4. Prohibited Fittings and Practices 5.1.4.1 No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled and tapped for the purpose of making connections. 5.1.4.2 Except as provided, no vent pipe shall be used as a waste or drain pipe. 5.1.4.3 No fitting, connection, device, or method of installation that obstructs or retards the flow of water, waste, sewage, or air in the drainage or venting systems in an amount greater than the normal frictional resistance to flow shall be used unless it is in- dicated as acceptable in this standard or is approved as having a desirable and acceptable function and is of ultimate benefit to the proper and continued functioning of the plumbing system. 5.1.4.4 Cracks, holes, or other imperfections in materials shall not be concealed by welding, brazing, or soldering or by paint, wax, tar, or other leak-sealing or repairing agents. 5.1.4.5 Piping, fixtures or equipment shall be located so as not to interfere with the normal use or with the normal operation* and use of windows, doors or other required facilities. PAGENO="0211" 3621 501B-40 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-40 5.1.4.6 Galvanized pipe shall not be bent or welded. 5.1.5 Alignment of Fittings. All valves, pipes, and fittings shall be installed in correct relationship to the direction of flow. 5.2 Protective Requirements 5.2.1 Cutting Structural Members. No structural member shall be unnecessarily or carelessly weakened by cutting or notching. 5.2.2 Exposed Piping. All piping, pipe threads, hangers, and supports exposed to the weather, water, mud, and road hazard, and subject to damage therefrom, shall be painted, coated, wrapped, or otherwise protected from deteriorating. 5.2.3 Road Damage. No pipe, supports, drain, outlet, or sewer connector shall extend or protrude in a manner where it will be subjected to damage during transit. 5.2.4. Freezing. All piping and fixtures subject to freezing telnperatures shall be insulated or protected to prevent freezing, under normal occupancy. 5.2.5 Vermin Proofing. All exterior openings around piping shall be effectively closed to prevent the entrance of rodents. 6. Materials-Quality and Weight 6.1 Minimum Standards. Materials, fixtures, or devices used or entering into the construction of plumbing systems in any mobile home shall be free from defects and shall conform to approved or listed applicable standards. 6.2 Applicable Standards. Standards for plumbing system com- ponents are shown in Table II. NOTE: All standards and specifications for materials are subject to change. Designations carrying indication of the year of issue may thus become obsolete. Table II gives the full designations of standards cur- rent at the time this standard was printed. PAGENO="0212" 3622 Al 19.1-41 PART II - TABLE II 501B-41 TABLE II Standards for Plumbing System Components* Other USASI ASTM FS Standards Materials Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Cast-Iron Screwed Fittings B16.4 -1963 Malleable Iron Screwed Fit- B16.3 tings ~l963 Cast-Iron (Screwed) Drainage UPC-PS Fittings 5-66 Welded Wrought Iron Pipe B36.2 A72 -1966 -1966 Wrought-Steel and Wrought- B36.I0 Iron Pipe -1959 Black and Zinc-Coated (Gal- B36.20 A120 vanized) Steel Pipe -1966 -1966 Welded and Seamless Steel B36.1 A53 Pipe -1966 -1967 Pipe Threads B2.1 -1960 Nonferrous Pipe and Fittings Seamless Copper Pipe, Stan- H26.l B42 dard Sizes -1963 -1966 Seamless Copper and Copper H23.4 B251 Alloy Pipe -1967 -1967 Seamless Copper Water Tube H23.1 B88 -1967 -1966. Copper Drainage Tube H23.6 B306 (DWV) -1967 -1966 Wrought Copper & Bronze Sol- B16.22 der-Joint Fittings -1963 Wrought Copper and Wrought UPC-PS Copper Alloy Solder-Joint 2 1-65 Drainage Fittings Cast Brass Solder-Joint Pres- B16.18 sure Fittings -1967 Cast - Bronze Solder - Joint B16.23 Drainage Fittings -1960 Brass Fittings for Flared Cop- B16.26 per Tubes -1967 Seamless Red Brass Pipe H27.1 B43 -1963 -1966 Cast Bronze Screwed Fittings, B16.15 125 and 250 Lb. -1964 *Dates shown are latest editions at time of printing including the dates of any addenda issued. Other standards on solvent cements, thermoplastic pipes and fittings are also available from ASTM. PAGENO="0213" 3623 501B-42 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-42 Materials USASI ASTM FS Other Standards Plastic Pipe and Fittings ABS Plastic Drain, Waste, and D1527 L-P- CS270 Vent Pipe and Fittings -67 00322 -65 NSF-14 1965 PVC Plastic Drain, Waste and D1785 L-P- CS272 Vent Pipe and Fittings -67 00320 -65 NSF-14 1965 Plastic Sewer, Drain Pipe, Fit- WW-P NSF-14 tings, Styrene Rubber (SRP) -00380a 1965 ABS Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR D2282 CS254 and Class T) -66 -63 NSF-14 1965 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2239 CS255 (SDR-PR) -67 -63 NSF-14 1965 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plas- D2241 CS256 tic Pipe (SDR-PR and -65 -63 Class T) NSF-14 1965 Miscellaneous Pipe Nipples, Threaded WW-N- 351a'60 Backflow Preventers in Plumb- A40.6 ing Systems -1943 Air Gaps in Plumbing Sys- A40.4 tems -1942 Valve, Bronze, Gate 125-150 WW-V- Lb. 54b.'62 Valve, Cast-Iron Gate, 125 and WW-V- 250 Lb. -58(1)'46 Plumbing - Fixture-Setting HH-C- Compound -536-a'54 Cast Brass arid Tubing P-Traps UPC-PS 2-66 Relief Valves and Automatic Z21 .22 Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot -1965 Water Supply Systems Solvent Cement for ABS Plas- D2235 tic Pipe and Fittings -63T Diversion Tees and Twin Waste UPC-PS Elbow 9-66 Flexible Copper Water Connec- UPO-PS tors 14-66 PAGENO="0214" Backflow Preventers and Relief Valves Flexible Metal Mobile Home Gas Connectors Drain Connectors for Indepen- dent Mobile Homes Thermoplastic Joining Material Plumbing Fixtures Plumbing Fixtures for Land Use Vitreous China Plumbing Fix- tures Enameled Cast-Iron Plumbing Fixtures Porcelain - Enameled (Glass- Lined) Hot Water Tanks Formed Metal Porcelain-Enam- eled Sanitaryware Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Rein- forced Polyester Bathtubs Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Rein- forced Polyester Resin Show- er Receptor, Shower Stalls Stainless Steel Plumbing Fix- tures - Residential Use Mechanical Seal Water Closet Waste Holding Tanks Water Storage Tanks Drains for Prefabricated and Precast Showers Shower Drainage Fittings Cultured Marble Lavatory Prefabricated Shower Receptors, Prefabricated Stall Showers Self-contained, Electrically op- erated Recirculating, Chem- ically Controlled Toilet CS-243 -62 TSC-1 -1959 TSC-2 -1960a TSC-4 -1960 UPC-PS 4-66 UPC-PS 5-66 UPC-PS 18-65 TSC 11-64 TSC 12-65-T 3624 A119.1-43 PART II-TABLE II Dishwasher Drain Airgaps Other Materials USASI ASTM FS Standards 501B-43 UPC-PS 23-66-T TSC 8-66-T TSC 9-63 TSC 10-64 NSF 14 CS-20 -63 CS-77 -62 CS-115. -60 CS-144 -47 WW-P 541b(4)'62 Z124.1 -1967 Z124.2 -1967 PAGENO="0215" 3625 501B-44 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-44 Notes to Table II Abbreviations used in Table II refer to standards as identified below and elsewhere in this standard. AGA: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the American Gas Association, 1032 East 62nd Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44103. ASA: American Standards Association - now United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). to 10 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. ASME: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017. ASTM: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. AWWA: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the American Water Works Association, 2 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. CS: Commercial Standards representing recorded voluntary recom- mendations of the trade, issued by the United States Department of Commerce and obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. FS: Federal Specifications published by the Federal Specifications Board and obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. IAPMO: Standards and Tentative Standards designated above as UPC-PS (Uniform Plumbing Code- Product Standard) and TSC (Trailer Standard) available from the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5032 Aihambra Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90032 (formerly Western Plumbing Officials Association (WPOA). MSS: Standards published by the Manufacturers Standardization So- ciety of the Valve and Fittings Industry, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017. NSF: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. SPR: Simplified Practice Recommendations representing recorded recommendations of the trade and issued by the United States Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20234. TSC: See IAPMO. UL: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., 207 East Ohio Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611. UPC-PS: See IAPMO. USAS: A United States of America Standard (usually followed by a number and date) as available from or through the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). USASI: United States of America Standards Institute, 10 East 40th Street, New York, N. Y. 10016. PAGENO="0216" 3626 Al 19.1-45 PART II - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-45 6.3 Specific Usage. Each of the following sections indicates specifically the type of material presently permitted for use in the various parts of the plumbing system. 7. Joints and Connections 7.1 Tightness. Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gastight and watertight for the pressures required under testing procedures. 7.1.1 Assembling of Pipe. All joints and connections shall be correctly assembled for tightness. Pipe threads shall be fully en- gaged with the threads of the fitting. Plastic pipe and copper tubing shall be inserted to the full depth of the solder cup or welding sockets of each fitting. Pipe threads and slip joints shall not be wrapped with string, paper, putty, or similar fillers. 7.1.2 Threaded Joints. Threads for screw pipe and fittings shall conform to the approved or listed standard. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed out to size of bore, and all chips shall be removed. Pipe joint cement or thread lubricant shall be of approved type and applied to male threads only. 7.1.3 Solder Joints. Solder joints for tubing shall be made with approved or listed sweat solder type fittings. Surfaces to be sol- dered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed with noncorrosive paste type flux and made with approved or listed 50-50 solder or an approved solder having a higher melting temperature. 7.1.4 Plastic Pipe and Fittings. Plastic pipe and fittings shall be joined by installation methods recommended by the manufacturer or by a recognized, approved, or listed standard. They shall not affect the potability of the water. 7.1.5 Union Joints. Metal unions shall have metal-to-metal ground seats. 7.1.6 Flared Joints. Flared joints for soft-copper water tubing shall be made with listed fittings. The tubing Shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool. 8. Traps and Cleanouts 8.1 Traps 8.1.1 Traps Required. Each plumbing fixture shall be sepa- rately trapped by an approved water seal "P" trap. Water closets, PAGENO="0217" 3627 501B-46 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-46 except mechanical sealed water closets and circulating chemical toilets shall have integral traps. 8.1.2 Dual Fixtures. A two-compartment sink or two single sinks or two lavatories set immediately adjacent to each other in the same room with waste outlets not more than 30 inches apart may he connected to one trap and may be considered as one fixture for the purpose of drainage and vent requirements. 8.1.3 Prohibited Traps. No form of trap which depends for its seal upon concealed interior partitions' shall be used. Full "S" traps, bell traps, drum traps, and crown-vented traps are pro- hibited, and no fixture shall be double-trapped. 8.1.4 Material and Design. Each trap shall be self-cleaning with a smooth and uniform interior waterway. Traps shall be manu- factured of cast irqn, cast brass, or drawn brass tubing of not less than No. 20 Brown and Sharpe gage, or approved or listed plastic, or other approved or listed material. Union joints for a trap shall be beaded to provide a shoulder for the union nut. Each trap shall have the manufacturer's name stamped or cast in the metal of the trap, and each tubing shall show the gage of the tubing. 8.1.5 Trap Seal. Each trap shall have a water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches and shall be set true to its seal. 8.1.6 Size. Traps shall be not less than 11/2 inches in diameter, except that a 1 `,4-inch diameter trap may be used when connected to a single fixture having no more than a 2-inch drain opening. No trap shall be larger than the waste pipe to which it is con- nected. 8.1.7 Location. Each trap shall be located as close to its vent and to its fixture outlet as structural conditions will permit 8.1.8 Distance from Trap to Vent. The distance between a trap and its vent or vented waste line shall be in accordance with Table 3 (see 13.3.5 of this Part). 8.1.9 Length of Tailpiece. The vertical distance from a trap to the fixture outlet shall not exceed 24 inches. 8.1.10 Installation 8.1.10.1 Grade of Fixture Drain. The fixture drain piping be- tween a trap and the fixture tee or the vented waste line shall be graded ¼ inch per foot towards the vent and in no event shall have a slope greater than its diameter. Except for water closet PAGENO="0218" 3628 A119.1-47 PART 11-PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-47 drains, the vent opening at fixture tees shall not be below the invert of the trap outlet. 8.1.10.2 Fixture Drain Offset. The fixture drain piping between the trap and vent may change direction or be offset horizontally with the equivalent of no more than 180 degrees. 8.1.10.3 Concealed Traps. Traps with slip joint connections shall be readily accessible for repair and inspection. 8.1.10.4 Protection. Traps shall be adequately protected from damage during transit and from freezing, where necessary, during normal occupancy. 8.2 Cleanout Openings 8.2.1 Location of Cleanout Fittings 8.2.1.1 Cleanouts shall be installed if the drainage system can- not be cleaned through fixtures, drains, or vents. Cleanouts shall also be provided when fittings of more than 45 degrees are used to affect an offset except where long turn ells are used which provide sufficient "sweep" for cleaning. 8.2.1.2 A full size cleanout shall be installed at the upper end of any section of drain piping which does not have the required minimum slope of `/~ inch per foot grade. 8.2.1.3 A cleaning tool shall not be required to pass through more than 360 degrees of fittings to reach any part of the drainage system. 8.2.2. Access to Cleanouts. Cleanouts shall be accessible through an unobstructed minimum clearance of 12 inches directly in front of the opening. Each cleanout fitting shall open in a direction opposite to the flow or at right angles to the pipe. Concealed cleanouts that are not provided with access covers shall be ex- tended to a point above the floor or outside of the mobile home, with pipe and fittings installed, as required, for drainage piping. 8.2.3 Material. Plugs and caps shall be brass or approved or listed plastic, with screw pipe threads. 8.2.4 Design. Cleanout plugs shall have raised heads except that plugs at floor level shall have counter-sunk slots. PAGENO="0219" 3629 501B-48 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-48 9. Plumbing Fixtures 9.1 General Requirements 9.1.1 Quality of Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall have smooth impervious finishes, be free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, be capable of resisting road shock and vibration, and shall conform in quality and design to approved or listed stan- dards. 9.1.2 Strainers. The waste outlet of all plumbing fixtures, other than water closets, shall be covered with substantial metal strainers that will provide an adequate unobstructed waterway. 9.1.3 Fixture Connections. Fixture tailpieces and continuous wastes in exposed or accessible locations shall be not less than No. 20 Brown and Sharpe gage seamless drawn-brass tubing or other approved materials. Inaccessible fixture connections shall be constructed according to the requirements for drainage piping. Each fixture tailpiece, continuous waste, or waste and overflow shall be not less than 1'/2 inches for sinks of two or more com- partments, dishwashers, clothes washing machines, laundry tubs, bath tubs, and not less than 11/4 inches for lavatories and single compartment sinks having a 2 inch maximum drain opening. 9.1.4 Concealed Connections. Concealed slip joint connections shall be provided with adequately sized unobstructed access panels and shall be readily accessible for inspection and repair. 9.1.5 Directional Fitting. An approved or listed "Y" or other directional-type branch fitting shall be installed in every tailpiece or continuous waste that receives the discharge from food waste disposal units, dishwashing, or other force-discharge fixture or appliance. Dishwasher drains shall not be connected to a sink tail- piece, continuous waste, or trap on the discharge side of a food- waste disposal unit. 9.2 Fixtures 9.2.1. Water Closet 9.2.1.1 Each water closet shall be designed and manufactured according to approved or listed standards and shall* be equipped with a water flushing device capable of adequately flushing and cleaning the bowl at each operation of the flushing mechanism. 9.2.1.2 Water closet flushing devices shall be designed to replace the water seal in the bowl after each operation. Flush valves, PAGENO="0220" 3630 Al 19.1-49 PART U - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-49 flushometer valves, and ball cocks shall operate automatically to shut off at the end of each flush or when the tank is filled to operating capacity. 9.2.1.3 Flush tanks shall be fitted with an overflow pipe large enough to prevent flooding at the maximum flow rate of the ball cock. Overflow pipes shall discharge into the water closet, through the tank. 9.2.1.4 Water closets that have fouling surfaces that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge shall be prohibited. Any water closet that might permit the contents of the bowl to be siphoned back into the water system shall be prohibited. 9.2.2 Shower Stalls 9.2.2.1 Eacth shower stall receptor shall be provided with an approved-type watertight receptor with sides and back extending 1 inch above the finished dam or threshold. In no case shall the depth of a shower receptor be less than 2 inches or more than 9 inches measured from the top of the finished threshold to the top of the drain. The wall area in shower compartments shall be con- structed of smooth, noncorrosive, and nonabsorbent waterproof materials to a height not less than 6 feet above the floor level. Sucli walls shall form a watertight joint with each other and with the receptor or shower floor. The floor shall slope uniformly to the drain at not less than one-fourth nor more than one-half inch per foot. 9.2.2.2 The joint around the drain connection and around the water closet outlets in combination compartments shall be made watertight by a flange, clamping ring, or other approved or listed means. 9.2.2.3 Hinged shower doors shall open outward. 9.2.2.4 Prefabricated shower stalls shall be approved or listed and shall comply with all the requirements relating to plumbing fixtures and shower stalls. 9~2.3. Fixed Shower and Tub Enclosures. Fixed shower doors and tub and shower enclosures shall be constructed of materials such as wired-glass, laminated safety glass, fiberglass, reinforced plastics, or other listed materials. 9.2.4. Dishwashing Machines 9.2.4.1 No dishwashing machine shall be directly connected to any waste piping, but shall discharge its waste through a fixed PAGENO="0221" 3631 501B-50 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-50 air gap installed above the machine. The drain connection from the air gap may connect to an individual trap, to a directional fitting installed in the sink tailpiece, or to the opening provided on the inlet side of a food waste disposal unit. 9.2.4.2 Drain from a dishwashing machine shall not be con- nected to a continuous waste line or trap on the discharge side of a food waste disposal unit. 9.2.5 Clothes Washing Machines 9.2.5.1 Clothes washing machines shall drain either into a prop- erly vented trap, into a laundry tub tailpiece with watertight con- nect1ions, into an open standpipe receptor, or over the rim of a laundry tub. 9.2.5.2 Standpipes shall be 1 `/~ inches, minimum, nominal iron pipe size, or 1'/2 inches outside diameter nominal brass tubing not less than No. 20 Brown and Sharpe gage. Receptors shall discharge into a vented trap or shall be connected to a laundry tub tailpiece by means of an approved or listed directional fit- ting. Each standpipe shall extend not less than 18 inches or more than 30 inches above its trap and shall terminate in an accessible location not less than 6 inches above the highest water level of the clothes washing machine. 9.2.5.3 No clothes washing machine drain shall be connected to the tailpiece, continuous waste, or trap of any sink or dish- washing machine. 9.3 Installation 9.3.1 Access. Each plumbing fixture shall be located and in- stalled in a manner to provide easy access for cleaning and repair. 9.3.2. Alignment. Fixtures shall be set level and in true align- ment with adjacent walls. Where practical, piping from fixtures shall extend to nearest wall. 9.3.3 Brackets. Wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly attached to walls by metal brackets or supports without any strain being transmitted to the piping connections. Flush tanks shall be se- curely fastened to water closets or to the wall with adequate size bolts or screws of brass or other noncorrosive metal. 9.3.4 Floor Connection. Water closets shall be rigidly bolted to the closet flange, and when screw holds are provided the bowl shall also be solidly fastened to the floor. Bolts and screws shall be adequate in size and shall be made of solid brass or other PAGENO="0222" 3632 Al 19.1-51 PART 11- PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-51 approved or listed noncorrosive metal. An approved or listed gas- ket or setting compound shall be used to form a watertight seal between the fixture and the drain connection. The exposed joint between the fixture and the floor shall be made watertight, and the floor under the water closet, and to at least 6 inches around the fixture, shall be made impervious to moisture. 10. Hangers and Supports 10.1 Strains and Stresses. Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed without undue strains and stresses, and provision shall be made for expansion, contraction, and structural settlement. 10.2 Piping Supports. Piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the pipe and contents. 10.3 Hangers and Anchors 10.3.1 Hangers and anchors shall be of sufficient strength to support their proportional share of the pipe alignments and pre- vent rattling. 10.3.2 Piping shall be securely attached to the structure by proper hangers, clamps, or brackets which provide protection against motion, vibration, road shock, torque in the chassis, or other unusual conditions. 11. Water Distribution System 11.1 Water Supply 11.1.1 Potable Water. Water piping shall be sized to provide an adequate quantity of running water to each plumbing fixture at a flow rate sufficient to flush and keep the fixture in a clean and sanitary condition without any danger of backflow or siphonage. 11.1.2 Hot Water Supply. Each mobile home equipped with a kitchen sink, and bathtub and/ôi~ shower shall be provided with a hot water supply system including a water heater. 11.2 Water Outlets and Supply Connections 11.2.1 Water Connection. Each mobile home with a water distribution system shall be equipped with a ¾-inch inlet coupling located within the rear third of the length of the mobile home. This connection shall be tagged or marked "Fresh Water Connection" or "Fresh Water Fill." A matching cap or plug shall be provided PAGENO="0223" 3633 501B-52 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-52 to seal the water inlet when it is not in use and shall be attached with a substantial chain. A master cold water shutoff gate valve shall be installed on the main feeder line in an accessible area. 11.2.2 Prohibited Connections 11.2.2.1 The installation of water supply piping or fixture or appliance connections shall be made in manner to preclude the possibility of used, unclean, polluted, or contaminated water, mixtures, or substances entering any part of the water supply sys- tem from any tank, receptacle, equipment, or plumbing fixture by reason of siphonage, suction, or any other cause, either during normal use and operation or when any such tank, receptacle, equipment, or plumbing fixture is flooded or subject to pressure in excess of the operating pressure in the water piping system 11.2.2.2 No part of the water system shall be connected to any drainage or vent piping. 11.2.3 Rim outlets. The outlets of faucets, spouts, and similar devices shall be spaced at least 1 inch above the flood level of the fixture. 11.2.4 Appliance Connections. Water supplies connected to clothes washing or dishwashing machines shall be protected by an approved or listed fixed air gap provided within the appliance by the manufacturer. 11.2.5 Flushometer Valves or Manually Operated Flush Valves. An approved or listed vacuum breaker shall be installed and main- tained in the water supply line on the discharge side of a water closet flushometer valve or manually operated flush valve. Vacu- um breakers shall have a minimum clearance of 6 inches from the flood level of the fixture to the critical level mark unless otherwise permitted in their approval. 11.2.6 Flush Tanks. Water closet flush tanks shall be equipped with an approved anti-siphon ball cock which shall be installed and maintained with its outlet or critical level mark not less than 1 inch above the full openin~ of the overflow pipe. 11.2.7 Critical Level. The critical level, C-L or -~ marking on a backflow prevention device or vacuum breaker is a point es- tablished by the testing laboratory (usually stamped on the device by the manufacturer) which determines the minimum elevation above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle served on which the device may be installed. When a backflow prevention PAGENO="0224" 3634 A119.1-53 PART Il-PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-53 device does not bear a critical level marking, the bottom of the vacuum breaker, combination valve, or of any such approved or listed device shall constitute the critical level. 11.2.8 Backflow Preventer. When pressure- or gravity-type water supply tanks or reservoirs (except water heaters or flush tanks) for storing potable water are connected to the water distribu- tion system of mobile homes, they shall have an approved or listed spring-loaded check valve or other approved or listed type back- flow prevention device installed in the water-supply piping adja- cent to the inlet coupling. An approved or listed pressure relief valve shall be required on the outlet side of the check valve. 11.3 Safety Devices 11.3.1 Relief Valves 11.3.1.1 All water heaters shall be installed with approved and listed fully-automatic valve or valves designed to provide tempera- ture and pressure relief. 11.3.1.2 Any temperature relief valve or the combined pressure and temperature relief valve installed for this purpose shall have the temperature sensing element immersed in the hottest water within the upper 6 inches of the tank. It shall be set to start relieving at a pressure not exceeding the rated working pressure of the tank and at or below a water temperature of 210 degrees F. 11.3.1.3 All relief valves shall have connected a drainpipe not smaller than the relief valve drain connection pipe size. Where the relief valve is located within the mobile home, the drain line shall extend outside, with the end directed downward in a loca- tion where the outlet end will be protected from dirt, mud and freezing. No part of the drain line shall be trapped. 11.3.2 Water Supply Tanks and Heaters 11.3.2.1 Pressure and gravity cold water storage tanks shall be constructed of sound, nontoxic, durable materials, corrosion re- sistant, and shall impart no taste or odor to the potable water in the system. Each pressure tank shall be capable of withstanding 200 psi minimum test water pressure. 11.3.2.2 Each storage water heater shall be provided with a three-quarter (3,4)-inch pipe tapping for a combined pressure- temperature relief valve within the top 6 inches of the tank. The tapping shall be in a location which will permit easy ac- cess for installing, testing and maintenance of the valve. PAGENO="0225" 3635 501B-54 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-54 11.4 Materials 11.4.1 Piping Material. Water pipe shall be of standard weight brass, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, Type L copper tubing, approved or listed plastic, or other approved or listed material (see 11.4.2). 11.4.2 Plastic Piping. Mobile homes that have no provision for hot water piping or hot water faucets, or no space allotted for a water heater, may have cold water piping (only), and fittings may be constructed from approved or listed plastic. 11.4.3 Fittings. Appropriate fittings shall be used for all changes in direction or size and where pipes are joined. The ma- terial and design of fittings shall conform to the type of piping used. 11.4.3.1 Fittings for screw piping shall be standard weight galvanized iron for galvanized iron and steel pipe, and of brass for brass piping. They shall be installed where required for change in direction, reduction of size, or where pipes are joined together. 11.4.3.2 Fittings for copper tubing shall be cast brass or drawn copper sweat solder pattern or flare type. 11.4.3.3 Fittings for cold water, plastic water piping shall be of approved or listed brass or plastic. 11.4.4 Prohibited Material. Used piping materials shall not be permitted. Pipe dope, solder flux, oils, solvents, chemicals, or other substances that are toxic, corrosive, or otherwise detrimental to the water system shall not be used. 11.5 Installation of Piping 11.5.1 Minhnum Requirement. All piping equipmeri~t, appur- tenances, and devices shall be installed in workmanlike manner and shall conform with the provisions and intent of this standard. 11.5.2 Screw Pipe. Iron pipe-size brass or galvanized iron or steel pipe and fittings shall be joined with approved or listed standard pipe threads fully engaged in the fittings. Pipe ends shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe. Pipe-joint compound shall be insoluble in water and shall be nontoxic. 11.5.3 Solder Fittings. Copper tubing shall be joined to sweat solder fittings by means of hot solder and a noncorrosive flux. The surfaces to be soldered shall be thoroughly cleaned. The use of self-cleaning fluxes shall not be permitted. 48-254 0 - 70 - 15 PAGENO="0226" 3636 A119.1-55 PART II - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-55 11.5.4 Flared Fittings. A flaring tool shall be used to shape the ends of flared tubing to match the flare of fittings. 11.5.5 Plastic Pipe and Fittings. Plastic pipe and fittings shall be joined by installation methods recommended by the manufac- turer or by a listed standard. 11.6 Size of Water Supply Piping 11.6.1 Minimum Size. The size of water supply piping and branch lines shall not be less than sizes shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Minimum Size Tubing and P ipe for Water Distribution Systems Number of Inner Dia. Tubing Outer Dia. Pipe Iron Pipe Size Fixtures (Inches) (Inches) (Inches) 1 2 3 4 5 or more 1/4* ½ `/2 `/2 34 3's ¼ ¾ ¾ ~/8 Y2 `/2 `/2 `/2 ¾ *6 feet maximum length for ~7s inch id tubing. Exceptions to Table: ~ inch id nominal or `/2 inch od minimum size for clothes washing or dishwashing machines, unless larger size is recom- mended by the fixture manufacturer. `/2 inch id nominal or ~/8 inch od minimum size for flushometer or meter- ing type valves unless otherwise specified in their listing. No galvanized screw piping shall be less than `/2 inch iron pipe size. 11.6.2 Sizing Procedure. Both hot and cold water piping sys- tems shall be computed by the following method: 11.6.2.1 Size of Branch. Start at the most remote outlet on any branch of the hot or cold water piping and progressively count towards the water service connection, computing the total number of fixtures supplied along each section of piping. Where branches are joined together, the number of fixtures on each branch shall be totalled so that no fixture is counted twice. Following down the left-hand column of Table 2 a corresponding number of fix- tures will be found. The required pipe or tubing size is indicated in the other columns on the same line. PAGENO="0227" 3637 501B-56 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-56 11.6.2.2 A water heater or food waste disposal unit shall not be counted as a water-using fixture when computing pipe sizes. 11.7 Line Valves. Valves, when installed in the water supply distribution system (except those immediately controlling one fix- ture supply) and when fully opened, shall have a cross-sectional area of the smallest orifice or opening, through which the water flows, at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the nominal size of the pipe in which the valve is installed. 12. Drainage Systems 12.1 Materials 12.1.1 Pipe. Drainage piping shall be standard weight steel, wrought iron, brass, copper tube DWV, approved or listed plastic, or other approved or listed material. 12.1.2 Fittings. Drainage fittings shall be recessed drainage pat- tern with smooth interior waterways of the same diameter as the piping and shall be of a material conforming to the type of piping used. Drainage fittings shall be designed to provide for a `/~ inch per foot grade in horizontal piping. 12.1.2.1 Fittings for screw pipe shall be cast iron, malleable iron, brass, or approved or listed plastic with approved or listed standard pipe threads. 12.1.2.2 Fittings for copper tubing shall be cast brass or drawn copper sweat solder. 12.1.2.3 Fittings for plastic piping shall be made to listed stan- dards. 12.1.2.4 Brass adaptor fittings shall be used to join copper tubing to threaded pipe. 12.2 Drain Outlets 12.2.1 Location of Drain. Each mobile home shall have only one drain outlet which shall terminate in the rear third section on the left (road) side. This outlet shall be tagged or marked "Drain Outlet" or "Sewer Outlet." 12.2.2 Exception. A drain outlet may terminate horizontally when it is equipped with an acceptable fitting(s). 12.2.3 Cap or Plug. A cap or plug on the drain outlet shall be permanently attached to the structure by a chain or cable. PAGENO="0228" 3638 A119.1-57 PART II - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-57 12.2.4 Clearance from Drain Outlet. The drainage outlet and couplers shall be provided with a minimum clearance of 3 inches in any direction from all parts of the structure or appurtenances and with not less than 18 inches unrestricted clearance directly in front of the drainage outlet. 12.2.5 Hose Couplers and Caps 12.2.5.1 Hose couplers for drain outlets shall be a quick dis- connect type not requiring any special tools or knowledge to make the connection or remove the drain hose. 12.2.5.2 Hose couplers and drain hoses shall not be smaller than the piping to which they are connected and shall be equipped with a watertight cap or plug matching the drainage outlet or coupler. Xhe cap or plug shall be permanently attached to the structure by means of a substantial chain. 12.2.5.3 Drain outlet or attached drain hoses for drain piping connected to a mobile home shall be 3 inches minimum inside diameter. 12.3 Fixture Connections. Drainage piping shall be provided with approved or listed inlet fittings for fixture connections, correctly located according to the size and type of fixture to be connected. 12.3.1 Water Closet Connection. The drain connection for each water closet shall be 3 inches minimum inside diameter and shall be fitted with an iron, brass, or listed plastic floor flange adaptor ring securely screwed, soldered or otherwise permanently attached to the drain piping, in an approved manner and securely fast- ened to the floor. 12.4 Size of Drainage Piping 12.4.1 Fixture Load. Drain pipe sizes shall be determined by the type of fixture and the total number connected to each drain. 12.4.1.1 A I `/z-inch minimum diameter piping shall be re- quired for one and not more than three individually vented fix- tures. 12.4.1.2 A 2-inch minimum ~diameter piping shall be required for four or more fixtures individually vented. 12.4.1.3 A 3-inch minimum diameter piping shall be required for water closets. PAGENO="0229" 3639 501B-58 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-58 12.5 Wet-Vented Drainage System. Plumbing fixture traps may connect into a wet-vented drainage system which shall be de- signed and installed to accommodate the passage of air and waste in the same pipe. 12.5.1 Horizontal Piping. All parts of a wet-vented drainage system, including the connected fixture drains, shall be horizontal except for wet-vented vertical risers which shall terminate with a 1 `/2-inch minimum diameter continuous vent. Where required by structural design, wet-vented drain piping may be offset vertically when other vented fixture drains or relief vents are connected to the drain piping beiow the vertical offsets. 12.5.2 Size. A wet-vented drain pipe shall be 2 inches minimum diameter and at least one pipe size larger than the largest con- nected trap or fixture drain. Not more than three fixtures may connect to a 2-inch diameter wet-vented drain system. 12.5.3 Length of Fixture Drain. Fixture traps shall be located within the distance given in Table 3 (see 13.3.5 of this Part). Not more than one trap shall connect to a trap branch. 12.6 Offsets and Branch Fittings 12.6.1 Changes in Direction. Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approved or listed fittings, and shall be of the following angles: 111/4, 22',6, 45 or 60 degrees; or other approved or listed fittings or combination of fit- tings with equivalent radius or sweep. 12.6.2 Horizontal to Vertical. Horizontal drainage lines, con- necting with a vertical pipe shall enter through 45-degree "Y" branches, 60-degree "Y" branches, long-turn "TY" branches, san- itary "T" branches, or other approved or listed fittings or com- bination of fittings having equivalent sweep. No fitting having more than one branch at the same level shall be used, unless the fit- ting is constructed so that the discharge from any one branch cannot readily enter any other branch. However, a double sanitary "T" may be used when the drain line is increased not less than two pipe sizes. 12.6.3 Horizontal to Horizontal and Vertical to Horizontal. Horizontal drainage lines connecting with other horizontal drain- age lines or vertical drainage lines connected with horizontal drainage lines shall enter through 45-degree "Y" branches, long- turn "TY" branches, or other approved or listed fittings or com- bination of fittings having equivalent sweep. PAGENO="0230" 3640 A119.l-59 PART Ti-PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-59 12.7 Slope of Horizonal Drainage Piping. Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in practical alignment and have a uniform slope of not less than `/~ inch per foot toward the mobile home drain outlet. Where it is impractical, due to the structural fea- tures or arrangement of any mobile home, to obtain a slope of ~ inch per foot, the pipe or piping may have a slope of not less than V8 inch per foot, when a full size cleanout is installed at the upper end. V 13. Vents and Venting 13.1 General. Each plumbing fixture trap shall be protected against siphonage and back pressure, and air circulation shall be ensured throughout all parts of the drainage system by means of vent pipes installed in accordance with the requirements of this section and as otherwise required by this standard. 13.2 Materials 13.2.1 Pipe. Vent piping shall be standard * weight steel, wrought iron, brass, copper tube DWV, approved or listed plastic, or other approved or listed materials. 13.2.2 Fittings. Appropriate fittings shall be used for all changes in direction or size and where pipes are joined. The ma- terial and design of vent fittings shall conform to the type of piping used. 13.2.2.1 Fittings for screw pipe shall be cast iron, malleable iron, plastic, or brass, with approved or listed standard pipe threads. 13.2.2.2 Fittings for copper tubing shall be cast brass or drawn copper sweat solder pattern. 13.2.2.3 Fittings for plastic piping shall be made to recognized, approved, or listed standards. 13.2.2.4 Brass adaptor fittings shall be used to join copper tube to threaded pipe. 13.2.2.5 Listed rectangular cross section pipe may be used for vent piping only providing it has an open cross section at least equal to the circular vent pipe required. Listed transition fittings shall be used. 13.3 Size of Vent Piping 13.3.1 Main Vent. The drain piping for each water closet shall be vented by a 1 `/2-inch minimum diameter vent or rectangular PAGENO="0231" 3641 501B-60 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-60 vent of venting cross section equivalent to or greater than the venting cross section of a 1 `/2 -inch diameter vent, connected to the main drain by one of the following methods: (a) A 1',4-inch diameter (mm.) individual vent pipe or equivalent directly connected to the water closet drain and extended undiminished in size through the roof. (b) A 1 `/2-inch diameter (mm.) continuous vent or equivalent indirectly connected to the water closet drain piping through a 2-inch wet-vented drain that carries the waste of not more than one fixture, or not more than two fixtures when one is a com- bination compartment drain. (c) Two or more vented drains when at least one is wet-vented and each drain is separately connected to the main drain. 13.3.2 Individual Vents. A vent pipe equivalent in area to l~4-inch tubing required for all individually vented fixtures with a 1 ~4-inch or smaller trap. The main vent, water closet vent and relief vent, and the continuous vent of wet-vented systems shall have an area equivalent to 1 `/2-inch tubing. Exception: In the case of copper tube, I ~4 inch nominal size may be used for individual vents. 13.3.3 Common Vent. When two fixture traps located within the distance allowed from their vent have their trap arms con- nected separately at the same level into an approved double fit- ting, an individual vent pipe may serve as a common vent without any increase in size. 13.3.4 Intersecting Vents. Where two or more vent pipes are joined together, no increase in size shall be required; however, the largest vent pipe shall extend full size through the roof and shall have a minimum area equivalent to a 1 `/2 inch IPS. 13.3.5 Distance of fixture trap from vent shall not exceed the values given in Table 3 (next page). 13.4 Grade and Connections 13.4.1 Horizontal Vents. Each vent shall extend vertically from its fixture "T" or point of connection with the waste piping to a point not less than 6 inches above the extreme flood level of the fixture it is venting before offsetting horizontally or being con- nected with any other vent pipe. Vents for horizontal drains shall connect above the centerline of the drain piping ahead (down- PAGENO="0232" 3642 Al 19.1-61 PART II - PLUMBING SYSTEMS 501B-61 TABLE 3 Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent Size of Fixture Drain (Inches) Distance Trap to Vent 1 `/~ 1 ~ 2 3 4 4 5 6 feet 6 inches feet 6 inches feet 0 inches feet 0 inches stream) of the trap. Where required by structural conditions, vent. piping may offset below the rim of the fixture at the maximum angle or height possible. 13.4.2 Grade. Vents shall grade or drain back to the drainage system by gravity. 13.5 Vent Terminal 13.5.1 Roof Extension. Each vent pipe shall extend through its flashing and terminate vertically, undiminished in size, not less than 2 inches above the roof. Vent openings shall not be less than 3 feet, 0 inch away from any motor-driven air intake that opens into habitable areas. 13.5.2 Flashing. The opening around each vent pipe shall be made watertight by an adequate flashing or flashing material. 14. Test and Inspection 14.1 Water System. All water piping in the water distribution system shall be subjected to a pressure test before any portion is covered or concealed. The test shall be made by subjecting the system to air or water at 100 psi for 15 minutes without leakage or loss of pressure. An adequate and accurate pressure gage shall be used on all tests. 14.2 Drainage and Vent System and Plumbing Fixtures. The waste and vent system shall be tested by one of the following alternate methods for evidence or indication of leakage. 14.2.1 Water Test. Before plumbing fixtures are connected, all of the openings into the piping shall be plugged and the entire piping system subjected to a static water test for 15 minutes by filling it with water to the top of the highest vent opening. The system shall be watertight at all points. PAGENO="0233" 3643 501B-62 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-62 14.2.2 Air Test. After all fixtures have been installed, the traps filled with water, and the remaining openings securely plugged, the entire system shall be subjected to a 2 inch (manometer) water column air pressure test. If the system loses pressure, leaks may be located with smoke pumped into the system, or with soap suds spread on the exterior of the piping (Bubble test). 14.2.3. Flood Level Test. The mobile home shall be in a level position; all fixtures shall be connected, and the entire system shall be filled with water to the rim of the water closet bowl. (Tub and shower drains should be plugged.) After all trapped air has been released, the test shall be sustained for not less than 15 minutes. The waste piping above the level of the water closet shall be tested and show no indication of leakage when the high fixtures are filled with water and emptied simultaneously to obtain the maximum possible flow in the drain piping. 14.2.4 Fixture Test. The plumbing fixtures and connections shall be subjected to a flow test by filling them with water and checking for leaks and retarded flow while they are being emp- tied. 14.3 Shower Stalls. Nonmetallic shower stall linings shall be test- ed for leaks prior to being covered by finish material. Each pan shall be filled with water to the top of the dam for not less than 15 minutes. PAGENO="0234" 3644 A119.1-63 PART III - HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-63 Part III Heating Systems 1. Introduction 1.1 Those members of the engineering profession and others asso- ciated with the design, manufacturing, installation, and inspection of mobile home heating systems have been aware of the need for uniform technical standards leading to the safe use of this special type of equipment. They have also recognized that, because of unique conditions of transport and use, existing heating equipment standards for motor vehicles or for buildings are not completely ap- plicable to mobile homes. It is with these factors in mind that Part III of this standard has been developed. 1.2 Much of the material in Part III has been taken from, or is based on, nationally recognized standards for heat producing ap- pliances and fuel supply systems including those of the National Fire Protection Association. 2. Scope 2.1 This standard covers the heating systems and equipment in- stalled within or on mobile homes. 2.2 This standard is not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons. 2.3 Wherever nationally recognized standards for heat producing appliances and fuel supply systems and Part III of this standard differ, the requirements of the latter shall apply. 2.4 The provisions of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, appliance, installation, device, arrangement, or method of construction not specifically prescribed herein, provided any such alternative has been approved. An enforcement agency may approve any such alternative if it finds the proposed design is satisfactory for the purpose intended, and if the material, ap- pliance, installation, device, arrangement, and method or work of- fered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent in per- formance of that prescribed in this standard considering quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety, and protection of life and health. An enforcement authority shall require that satis- factory evidence or proof be submitted to substantiate any claims that may be made regarding the use of any such alternative. PAGENO="0235" 3645 501B-64 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-64 3. Definitions Accessible. When applied to a fixture, connection, appliance or equipment shall mean having access thereto, but which may re- quire the removal of an access panel, door or similar obstruction. Air Duct. Conduits or passageways for conveying air to or from heating, cooling, air conditioning or ventilation equipment, but not including the plenum. Appliance Branch Piping. Any run of piping or tubing, and fit- tings, not a part of an appliance that is used to convey fuel from the main piping manifold to a heat-producing appliance. Approved. The word "approved" as used in this standard means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Automatic Pump (Oil Lifter). A pump, not an integral part of the oil-burning appliance, that automatically pumps oil from the supply tank and delivers the oil by gravity under a constant head to an oil-burning appliance. BTU. British Thermal Units. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahren- heit. 1 BTUH. British thermal units per hour. Burner. A device for the final conveyance of fuel or a mixture of fuel and air to the combustion zone. Clearance. The distance between the appliance, chimney, vent, chimney or vent connector or plenum and the nearest surface. Combustible Material. The term applies to materials adjacent to, or in contact with, heat producing appliances, chimney con- nectors and vent connectors, steam and hot water pipes, and warm air ducts. Such material is made of, or surfaced with, wood, compressed paper, plant fibers, or other material that will ignite and burn. These materials shall be considered as com- bustible even though flameproofed, fire-retardant treated, or plas- tered. Connector-Gas Appliance. A connector used to convey fuel gas, three feet or less in length (six feet or less for ranges) between a gas outlet and gas appliance in the same room with the outlet. Fuel Gas Piping System. The arrangement of piping, tubing fit- tings, connectors, valves and devices designed and intended to supply or control the flow of fuel gas to the appliance(s). Fuel Oil Piping System. The arrangement of piping, tubing, fit- tings, connectors, valves and devices designed and intended to PAGENO="0236" 3646 i~119.1-65 PART III - HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-65 supply or control the flow of fuel oil to the appliance(s). Gas Supply Connection. The terminal end or connection to which a gas supply connector is attached. Gas Supply Connector. Tubing or piping connecting the mobile home to the gas supply source. Heat Producing Appliance. All heating and cooking appliances and all fuel burning appliances. Heating Appliance. An appliance for comfort heating of a mobile home or for water heating. Illuminating Appliance-Gas Fired. An appliance designed for ii.. lumination and intended for either outdoor or indoor installa- tion and attached to a fuel gas piping system. Liquefied Petroleum Gases. The terms "Liquefied petroleum gases," "LPG" and "LP-Gas" as used in this standard shall mean and include any material which is composed predominantly of any of the following hydrocarbons, or mixtures of them: propane, pro- pylene, butanes (normal butane or isobutane), and butylenes. Listed. Equipment or materials included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suit- able for use in a specified manner. Main Gas Piping Manifold. Gas piping which conveys gas from the gas supply connection to the appliance branch piping. Mobile Home. A vehicular, portable structure built on a chassis and designed to be used without a permanent foundation* as a dwelling when connected to indicated utilities. Readily Accessible. Having direct access without the necessity of removing any panel, door, or similar obstruction. Roof Jack. That portion of a mobile `home heater flue or vent assembly, including the cap, insulating means, flashing, and ceiling plate, located in and above the roof of a mobile home. Water Heater. An appliance for supplying hot water for domestic or commercial purposes other than for space heating. *The phrase "without a permanent foundation" indicates that the support system is constructed with the intent that the mobile home placed thereon will be moved from time to time at the convenience of the owner. PAGENO="0237" 3647 501B-66 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-66 4. Fuel Supply Systems 4.1 LP-Gas Containers 4.1.1 Maximum Capacity. No more than two containers having an individual water capacity of not more than 105 pounds (ap- proximately 45 pounds LP-Gas capacity), shall be installed on or in a compartment of any mobile home. 4.1.2 Construction of Containers. Containers shall be construct- ed and marked in accordance with the specifications for LP-Gas containers of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) or the Rules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, Section VIII, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. ASME Containers constructed after December 31, 1967 shall be Container Type 250. 4.1.2.1 Container supply systems shall be arranged for vapor withdrawal only. 4.1.3 Location of Containers and Systems 4.1.3.1 No LP-Gas container shall be installed nor provisions made for installing or storing, even temporarily, inside any mobile home except for listed, completely self-contained hand torches, lanterns, or similar equipment with containers having a maximum water capacity of not more than 2~2 pounds (approximately one pound LP-Gas capacity). 4.1.3.2 Containers, control valves, and regulating equipment shall be mounted on the chassis of the mobile home as close to the hitch as possible, or shall be installed in a compartment that is vaportight to the inside of the mobile home and accessible only from the outside. The compartment shall be ventilated at top and bottom to facilitate diffusion of vapors. The compartment shall be ventilated with two vents having an aggregate area of not less than two percent of the floor area of the compartment and shall open unrestricted to the outside atmosphere. The required vents shall be equally distributed between the floor and ceiling of the compartment. If the lower vent is located in the access door or wall, the bottom edge of the vent shall be flush with the floor level of the compartment. The top vent shall be located in the access door or wall with the bottom of the vent not more than 12 inches below the ceiling level of the compartment. All vents shall have an unrestricted discharge to the outside atmosphere. Access doors or panels of compartments shall not be equipped with locks or require special tools or knowledge to open. 4.1.3.3. Container or container carrier shall be secured in place PAGENO="0238" 3648 A119.1-67 PART III - HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-67 on the mobile home by fastenings designed and constructed with a minimum safety factor of four, to withstand loading in any direction equal to four times the filled weight of the container. 4.1.4 Container Valves and Accessories 4.1.4.1 Valves in the assembly of a two-cylinder system shall be arranged so that replacement of containers can be made without shutting off the flow of gas to the appliance(s). NOTE: This provision is not to be construed as requiring an auto- matic change-over device. 4.1.4.2 Shutoff valves on the containers shall be protected as follows, in transit, in storage, and while being moved into final utilization: (a) By setting into a recess of the container to prevent possi- bility of their being struck if container is dropped upon a flat sur- face. (b) By ventilated cap or collar, fastened to the container, capable of withstanding a blow from any direction equivalent to that of a 30-pound weight dropped 4 feet. Construction must be such that the blow will not be transmitted to the valve. 4.1.4.3 Regulators shall be connected directly to the cylinder valve outlets or mounted securely by means of a support bracket and connected to the cylinder valve or valves with listed high pressure flexible connections. 4.1.5 Safety Devices 4.1.5.1. DOT containers shall be provided with safety relief devices as required by the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation. ASME containers shall be provided with relief valves in accordance with B.10 of USA Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (USAS Z106.1- 1967, NFPA No. 58-1967). Safety relief valves shall have direct communication with the vapor space of the vessel. 4.1.5.2 The delivery side of the gas pressure regulator shall be equipped with a safety relief device set to discharge at a pres- sure not less than two times and not more than three times the delivery pressure of the regulator. 4.1.5.3 Systems mounted on the hitch shall be so located that the discharge from the safety relief devices shall be into the open PAGENO="0239" 3649 501B-68 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-68 air and not less than three feet horizontally from any opening into the mobile home below the level of such discharge. Relief valves located within liquefied petroleum gas container compartments may be less than three feet from openings provided: (a) The bottom vent of the compartment is at the same level or lower than the bottom of any opening into the vehicle, or, (b) The compartment is not located on the same wall plane as the opening(s) and is at least two feet horizontally from such openings. 4.1.6 System Enclosure and Mounting 4.1.6.1 Housings and enclosures shall be designed to provide proper ventilation at least equivalent to that specified in 4.1.3.2 of this Part. 4.1.6.2 Doors, hoods, domes, or portions of housings and en- closures required to be removed or opened for replacement of containers shall incorporate means for clamping them firmly in place and preventing them from working loose during transit. 4.1.6.3 Provisions shall be incorporated in the assembly to hold the containers firmly in position and prevent their movement dur- ing transit. 4.1.6.4 Containers shall be mounted on a substantial support or a base secured firmly to the vehicle chassis. Neither the con- tainer nor its support shall extend below the frame. 4.1.7 System Design and Service Line Pressure 4.1.7.1 Systems shall be of the vapor-withdrawal type. 4.1.7.2 Vapor, at a pressure not over 18 inches water column, shall be delivered from the system into the gas supply connection. 4.1.7.3' Container openings for vapor withdrawal shall be lo- cated in the vapor space when the container is in service or shall be provided with a suitable internal withdrawal tube which com- municates with the vapor space in or near the highest point in the container when it is mounted in service position, with the vehicle on a level surface. Containers shall be permanently and legibly marked in a conspicblous manner on the outside to show the correct mounting position and the position of the service outlet connection. The method of mounting in place shall be such as to minimize the possibility of an incorrect positioning of the container. PAGENO="0240" 3650 A119.1-69 PART III- HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-69 4.2 Oil Tanks 4.2.1 Installation. Oil tanks installed for gravity flow of oil to heating equipment shall be installed so that the top of the tank is no higher than 8 feet above the appliance oil control and the bottom of the tank is not less than 18 inches above the appliance oil control. Listed automatic pumps (oil lifter) shall be mounted no higher than 8 feet above the appliance oil control and not less than 18 inches above the appliance oil control. 4.2.2 Auxiliary Oil Storage Tank. Oil supply tanks affixed to a mobile home shall be so located as to require filling and drain- ing on the outside and shall be securely fastened in position in a place readily available for inspection. 4.2.3 Tank Compartment. If the fuel supply tank is located in a compartment of a mobile home, the compartment shall be ven- tilated at the bottom to permit diffusion of vapors and shall be insulated from the structural members of the body. Tanks .ib installed shall be provided with an outside fill and vent pipe and an approved liquid level gage. 4.2.4 Shutoff Valve. A readily accessible, approved manual shutoff valve* shall be installed at the outlet of an oil supply tank. The valve shall be installed to close against the supply. 4.2.5 Fuel Oil Filters. All oil tanks, except for integrally mount- ed tanks, shall be equipped with an approved oil filter or strainerf located downstream from the tank shutoff valve. The fuel oil filter or strainer shall contain a sump with a drain for the entrapment of water. 5. Piping Systems 5.1 Gas Piping Systems 5.1.1 General. The requirements of this section shall govern the installation of all fuel gas piping attached to any mobile home. None of the requirements listed in this section shall apply to the piping in the appliance(s). *Such valves are listed in Underwriters' Laboratories Gas and Oil Equipment List under the classification, Valves, Shut-Off Valves, Flammable Liquid Shut-Off Valves. tSuch filters are listed in Underwriters' Laboratories Gas and Oil Equipment List under the classification, Heating and Heating-Cooling Ap- pliance Accessories, Strainers, Oil Burner. PAGENO="0241" 3651 501B-70 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-70 5.1.2 Materials. All materials used for the installation, exten~ sion, alteration, or repair of any gas piping system shall be new and free from defects or internal obstructions. It shall not be per- missible to repair defects in gas piping or fittings. Inferior or de- fective materials shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material. The system shall be made of materials having a melting point of not less than 1,450 F, except as provided in 5.1.5 of this Part. They may consist of one or more of the materials described in 5.1.2.1 through 5.1.2.4. 5.1.2.1 Gas pipe shall be steel or wrought-iron pipe comply- ing with USA Standard Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron Pipe, B36. 10-1959. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. 5.1.2.2 Fittings for gas piping shall be wrought iron, malleable iron, steel, oi~ brass (containing not more than 75 percent copper). 5.1.2.3 Copper tubing shall be annealed type, grade K or L, conforming to the Specifications for Seamless Copper Water Tube (ASTM-B88-66), or shall comply with the Specifications for Seam- less Copper Tube for Refrigeration Field Service, ASTM B280-66. When used on systems designed for natural gas, such tubing shall be internally tinned. 5.1.2.4 Steel tubing shall be externally corrosion protected and shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 inch. 5.1.3 Piping Design. Each mobile home requiring fuel gas for any purpose shall be equipped with a fuel gas piping system that is designed for LP-Gas only or with a natural gas piping system acceptable for LP-Gas. 5.1.3.1 Where fuel gas piping is to be installed in both portions of an expandable or dual mobile home, the design and construction of the crossover shall be as follows: (a) There shall be only one point of crossover which shall be located not more than 18 inches from either the front or rear wall and shall be readily accessible from the exterior of the mobile home. (b) The connector between units shall be an approved type for exterior use, sized in accordance with 5.1.4 of this Part. (c) The connection shall be made by an approved "quick dis- connect" device which shall be designed to provide a positive seal of the supply side of the gas system when such device is separated. 48-254 0 - 70 - 16 PAGENO="0242" 3652 A119.1-71 PART UI - HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-71 (d) The flexible connector and "quick disconnect" device shall be provided with protection from mechanical and impact damage and located to minimize the possibility of tampering. (e) Suitable protective coverings for the "quick disconnect" de- vice, when separated, sh~l1 be permanently attached to the device or flexible connector. (f) A 3-inch by 13,4-inch etched, stamped, or embossed metal tag not less than 0.020 inch in thickness, of brass, stainless steel, anodized or aiclad aluminum shall be permanently attached on the exterior wall adjacent to the access to the "quick disconnect" device. Each tag shall be legibly inscribed with the following information: Do the Not Use Tools to Separate "Quick-Disconnect" Device. 5.1.4 Gas Pipe Sizing. Gas piping systems shall be sized so that the pressure drop to any appliance inlet connection from the gas supply connection or connections, when all appliances are in operation at maximum capacity, is no more than 0.5 inch water column. Conformance may be determined on the basis of test, or the gas piping system may be sized in accordance with Table 4 (next page). The natural gas supply connection shall be not less than 3,4-inch nominal pipe size. 5.1.5 Joints for Gas Piping. All pipe joints in the piping system, unless welded or brazed, shall be screw joints that comply with USA Standard Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal) B2.1-1960. Right and left nipples and couplings shall not be used. Unions, if used, shall be of the ground joint type. The material used for welding or brazing pipe connections shall have a melting temperature in excess of 1,0009F. 5.1.6 Joints for Tubing. Joints on tubing shall be made with either a single or double flare of the proper degree, as recom- mended by the tubing manufacturer, by means of approved gas tubing fittings, or joints may be brazed with material having a melting point exceeding 1,000°F. 5.1.7 Pipe Joint Compound. Screw joints shall be made up tight with approved pipe joint compound, insoluble in liquefied petroleum gas, and shall be applied to the male threads only. 5.1.8 Concealed Tubing. Tubing shall not be run inside walls, floors, or partitions. Where tubing passes through walls, floors, PAGENO="0243" 501B-72 3653 MOBILE HOMES TABLE 4 Al 19.1-72 Sizing Gas Piping Systems Combination LP-Natural Gas System (Based on a Total Pressure Drop of `,4in. H20) LP-Gas-Only System (Based on a Pressure Drop of H20) `/2 in. Main Gas Manifold Main Gas Manifold Total Appliance Nominal Input Pipe Name Plate Eating Size Total Appliance Nominal Input Pipe Name Plate Rating Size Tube od No More Than: 7,000 BtuJhr 1,4 27,000 Btu/hr 3/,, 56,000 Btu/hr `/2 115,000 Btu/hr 3/4 220,000 Btu/hr 1 No More Than: 11,000 Btu/hr 1,4 42,000 Btu/hr ~/8 88,000 Btu/hr `/2 183,000 Btujhr 3/4 340,000 Btu/hr 1 3~ `/2 % ¾ Branch Take-offs Branch Take-offs Individual Appliance Nominal Tube Input Pipe od Name Plate Rating Size Individual Appliance Nominal Input Pipe Name Plate Eating Size Tube od No More Than: 25,000 Btu/hr ¾ 3 1,000 BtuJhr `/4 49,000 Btu/hr `/2 64,000 Btu/hr ~/8 95,000 Btu/hr 5/,, 120,000 Btu/hr `/2 250,000 Btu/hr ¾ No More Than: 2,500 BtuJhr 39,000 Btu/hr 49,000 Btu/hr 1,4 77,000 Btu/hr 100,000 Btu/hr ~/8 150,000 Btu/hr 190,000 Btu/hr `/2 390,000 Btu/hr ¾ 1,4 34 `/2 ~/8 or partitions, or similar installations, such tubing shall be pro- tected by the use of grommets that shall snugly fit both the tubing and the hole through which the tubing passes. 5.1.9 Concealed Joints. No piping or tubing joints shall be located in any floor, wall, partition, or similar concealed construc- tion space. 5.1.10 Location of Gas Supply Connection 5.1.10.1 FQr LP-Gas-only systems the supply connection shall be located at the hitch, container recess, or in the rear third of the total length of the mobile home and within 18 inches from the left (road) side wall. PAGENO="0244" 3654 A119.1-73 PART III - HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-73 5.1.10.2 For combination LP-Gas and natural gas systems, the natural gas supply connection shall be located under the rear third of the total length of the mobile home and within 18 inches from the left (road) side wall. An additional connection may also be located at the hitch. The system shall be sized to provide adequate capacity from either supply connection for natural gas. 5.1.11 Identification of Gas Supply Connections. A 3 by 1 3/4 inch, etched, stamped, or embossed metal tag, not less than 0.020 inch in thickness~ of brass, stainless steel, anodized aluminum, or alciad aluminum shall be pennanently attached on the outside of the exterior wall of the mobile home, as close as possible to each gas supply connection or to the end of the pipe. Each tag shall be legibly inscribed with the information shown in the box on this page or at the top of the next depending on the gas system used. LP-Gas System This gas piping system is designed for use of liquefied petroleum gas only. DO NOT CONNECT NATURAL GAS TO THIS SYSTEM. CONTAINER SHUTOFF VALVES SHALL BE CLOSED DURING TRANSIT. Before turning on gas, make certain all gas connections have been made tight, all appliance valves are turned off, and any unconnected outlets are capped. After turning on gas, test gas piping and appliance for leakage with soapy water, and light all pilots. 5.1.12 Gas Supply Connectors 5.1.12.1 Natural Gas. A listed minimum ¼ inch nominal (ID) gas supply connector, with 3/4 inch NPT terminal fittings, six feet in length, shall be supplied by the manufacturer when the fuel gas piping system is designed for the use of natural gas. 5.1.12.2 LP-Gas. A listed LP-Gas flexible connector shall be supplied when the fuel gas piping system is designed for the use of LP-Gas and cylinder(s) and regulator(s) are supplied. 5.1.13 Appliance Connections. All gas-burning appliances shall be connected to the fuel piping with materials as provided in 5.1.2 PAGENO="0245" 3655 501B-74 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-74 Combination LP-Gas and Natural Gas System This gas piping system is designed for use of either liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas. NOTICE: BEFORE TURNING ON GAS BE CERTAIN APPLIANCES ARE DESIGNED FOR THE GAS CON- NECTED AND ARE EQUIPPED WITH CORRECT ORI- FICES. SECURELY CAP THIS INLET WHEN NOT CONNECTED FOR USE. Before turning on gas, make certain all gas connections have been made tight, all appliance valves are turned off, and any unconnected outlets are capped. After turning on gas, test gas piping and appliances for leakage with soapy water, and light all pilots. of this Part or with listed appliance connectors of semirigid tubing. Listed appliance connectors when used shall not run through walls, floors, or partitions. Listed appliance connectors of aluminum shall not be used externally. 5.1.14 Valves. Shutoff valves and appurtenances used in con- nection with gas piping shall be of a type designed and approved for use on LP-Gas. 5.1.15 Gas Inlet Cap. On gas supply systems provided with more than one connection, a suitable cap to effectively close the gas inlet not in use shall be securely attached to the mobile home. 5.1.16 Electric Ground. Gas piping shall not be used for an electrical ground. 5.1.17 Couplings. Where it is necessary to join sections of screw piping, right and left nipples and couplings shall not be used. Ground joint unions may be installed at appliance inlet connec- tions. 5.1.18 Hangers and Supports. All gas piping shall be adequately supported by galvanized or equivalently protected metal straps or hangers at intervals of not more than 4 feet, except where ade- quate support and protection is provided by structural members. Solid-iron-pipe gas supply connection(s) shall be rigidly anchored to a structural member within 6 inches of the supply connec- tion(s). PAGENO="0246" 3656 A119.1-75 PART HI-HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-75 5.1.19 Testing for Leakage. 5.1.19.1 Before Appliances are Connected. Piping systems shall stand a pressure of at least six inches mercury or three pounds gage for a period of not less than ten minutes without showing any drop in pressure. Pressure shall be measured with a mercury manometer or slope gage, or an equivalent device calibrated so as to be read in increments of not greater than one-tenth pound. The source of pressure shall be isolated before the pressure tests are made. NOTE Before a test is begun, the temperature of the air and of the piping should be the same, and constant air temperature should be maintained throughout the test. 5.1.19.2 When appliances are connected to the piping system the entire system shall be pressurized to not less than 10 inches nor more than 14 inches water column and the appliance connections tested for leakage with soapy water. 5.2 Oil Piping Systems 5.2.1 General. The requirements of this Section shall govern the installation of all liquid fuel piping attached to any mobile home. None of the requirements listed in this Section shall apply to the piping in the appliance(s). 5.2.2 Materials. All materials used for the installation, exten- sion, alteration, or repair of any oil piping system shall be new and free from defects or internal obstructions. The system shall be made of materials having a melting point of not less than 1,450°F, except as provided in 5.2.4. They may consist of one or more of the following materials: 5.2.2.1 Pipe shall be steel or wrought-iron pipe complying with USA Standard Wrought-Steel or Wrought-Iron Pipe, B36.10-1959. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. 5.2.2.2 Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing not more than 75 percent copper). 5.2.2.3 Copper tubing shall be annealed type, grade K or L conforming to the Specifications for Seamless Copper Water Tube (ASTM B88-66), or shall comply with the specifications for Seam- less Copper Tube for Refrigeration Field Service, ASTM B280-66. 5.2.2.4 Steel tubing shall be externally corrosion protected and shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 inch. PAGENO="0247" 3657 501B-76 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-76 5.2.3 Size of Oil Piping. The minimum size of all fuel oil tank piping connecting outside tanks to the appliance shall be no smaller than ~/8 inch od copper tubing or ~i4 inch IPS. In those cases where No. 1 fuel oil is used with a listed automatic pump (fuel lifter), ~ inch od copper tubing may be used if specified by the pump manufacturer. 5.2.4 Joints for Oil Piping. All pipe joints in the piping system, unless welded or brazed, shall be screw joints which comply with USA Standard Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal), B2. 1-1960. The material used for welding or brazing pipe connections shall have a melting temperature in excess of 1,000°F. 5.2.5 Joints for Tubing. Joints on tubing shall be made with either a single or double flare of the proper degree, as recommended by the tubing manufacturer, by means of approved tubing fittings. Joints may be brazed with materials having a melting point in excess of 1,000°F. 5.2.6 Pipe Joint Compound. Screw joints shall be made up tight with approved pipe joint compound which shall be applied to the male threads only. 5.2.7 Couplings. Where it is necessary to join sections of screw piping, right and left nipples and couplings shall not be used. Ground joint unions may be installed at appliance inlet connections. 5.2.8 Grade of Piping. Fuel oil piping installed in conjunction with gravity feed systems to Dii heating equipment shall slope in a gradual rise upward from a central location to both the oil tank and the appliance in order to eliminate air locks. 5.2.9 Strap Hangers. All oil piping shall be adequately sup- ported by galvanized or equivalently protected metal straps or hangers at intervals of not more than 4 feet, except where ade- quate support and protection is provided by structural members. Solid-iron-pipe oil supply connection(s) shall be rigidly anchored to a structural member within 6 inches of the supply connection (s). 5.2.10 Testing for Leakage. Before setting the system in opera- tion, tank installations and piping* shall be checked for oil leaks with fuel oil of the same grade that will be burned in ~the ap- pliance. No other material shall be used for testing fuel oil tanks and piping. Tanks shall be filled to maximum capacity for the Iinal check for oil leakage. PAGENO="0248" 3658 A119.1-77 PART III- HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-77 6. Heat-Producing Appliances 6.1 Every heat producing appliance used in mobile homes shall be listed or certified by an approved testing agency for this appli- cation. 6.2 Fuel Conversion. No fuel-burning appliance shall be con- verted from one fuel to another unless converted in accordance with the terms of its listing. 6.3 Venting 6.3.1 Fuel-burning heating appliances, except listed ranges, ovens, and illuminating appliances not required to be vented, shall be of the vented type and vented to the outside. In no case shall the vent of a gas-burning appliance terminate underneath the mobile home. 6.3.2 Fuel-burning heat producing appliances, except ranges and illuminating appliances, shall be designed or installed to pro- vide for a complete separation of the combustion system from the atmosphere of the mobile home. Combustion air inlets and flue gas outlets shall be listed or certified as components of the appliance. NOTE: For liquefied petroleum gas appliances, see Division VI, Sec- tion 6.11 of the Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases, USAS Z106.1-1967, NFPA No. 58-1967. 6.3.3 Vents, roof jacks, and special fittings supplied as com- ponent parts of an appliance shall be installed in conformity with the terms of their listing. A single wall metal vent shall not be used unless it is a component part of a listed appliance. 6.3.4 Every joint of any vent or vent connector shall be secure, rigid, tight, and of approved design and workmanship. 6.3.5 The area in which cooking appliances are located shall be ventilated by a metal duct which may be single wall, not less than 12.5 square inches in cross sectional area (minimum dimen- sion shall be two inches), located above the appliance(s), or by mechanical ventilating equipment that is installed in accordance with the requirements of the testing agency and the manufacturer's instructions. Gravity or mechanical ventilation shall be installed within a horizontal distance of not more than ten feet from the vertical front of the appliance(s). Metal hoods incorporating ducts shall be designed so that the duct outlet is located at such a point PAGENO="0249" 3659 501B-78 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-78 as to preclude the trapping of products of combustion. All ducts shall extend through the wall or roof to the outer air. 6.4 Installation. The installation of each heat-producing appli- ance shall conform to the terms of its listing as specified on the appliance and in the manufacturer's instructions. The installer shall leave the manufacturer's instructions attached to the appli- ance. Every appliance shall be secured in place to avoid displace- ment and movement from vibration and road shock. 6.5 Instructions. Operating instructions shall be provided with the appliance. 6.6 Marking 6.6.1 Information on clearances, input ratings, lighting and shutdown shall be attached to the appliances with the same per- manence as the nameplate, and so located that it is easily readable when the appliance is properly installed. 6.6.2 Each fuel burning appliance shall bear permanent mark- ing designating the type (s) of fuel for which it is listed. 6.7 Accessibility. Every appliance shall be accessible for inspec- tion, service, repair, and replacement without removing permanent construction. Sufficient room shall be available to enable the op- erator to observe the burner, control, and ignition means while starting the appliance. 6.8 Location. Heat-producing appliances shall be so located that no doors, drapes, or other such material can be placed or swung closer to the front of the appliance than the clearances specified on the labelled appliances. 6.9 Clearances. Clearances between heat-producing appliances and adjacent surfaces shall not be less than specified in the terms of their listing. Clearance spaces shall be framed in or guarded to prevent creation of storage space within the clearance specified. 6.10 Air Ducts 6.10.1 Material. Supply ducts shall be made from galvanized steel, tin-plated steel, or aluminum, or shall be listed Class I air ducts. A duct system integral with the structure may be ac- ceptable if it is of durable construction that can be demonstrated to be equally resistent to fire and deterioration. Ducts constructed from sheet metal shall be in accordance with Table 5. Portions of return ducts directly above the heating surface of the appliance, or closer than 2 feet horizontally from the outer jacket or casing of PAGENO="0250" 3660 A119.1-79 PART 111-HEATING SYSTEMS 501B-79 the appliance, shall be constructed in accordance with the re- quirements of Table 5 or shall be listed Class I air ducts. TABLE 5 Minimum Metal Thickness for Ducts* Duct Type Round Diameter or Width 14 inches over or less 14 inches 0.013 in. 0.016 in. Enclosed Rectangular 0.013 in. 0.016 in. Exposed Rectangular 0.016 in. 0.019 in. *When `nominal' thicknesses are specified, 0.003 inch shall be added to these `minimum' metal thicknesses. 6.10.2 Sizing of Ducts. Ducts shall be designed so that when a labeled forced-air furnace is installed and operated continually at its normal input rating in the mobile home, with all registers in full open position, the static pressure measured in the duct plenum shall not exceed that shown in Table 6 or exceed that shown on the label of the appliance. When an air-cooler coil is installed in the system, the total static pressure of the coil and the system shall not exceed that shown on the label of the appliance. The minimum dimension of any branch duct shall be at least 1'/2 inches, and of any main duct, 2V2 inches. 6.10.3 Joints and Seams. Joints and seams of ducts shall be securely fastened and made substantially airtight. Slip joints shall have a lap of at least 1 inch and shall be individually fastened. TABLE 6 Maximum Allowable Static Pressures in Supply Duct Systems External Static Pressure, Inches Water Column Temperature of Outlet Input to Forced Air Furnace, Air Determined by Btu/hr Function of Limit Control Above 1~5°F 165°F or Less 55,000 and under 0.10 0.20 Over 55,000 to 80,000 0.12 0.24 Over 80,000 to 100,000 0.15 0.30 PAGENO="0251" 3661 501B-80 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-80 Tape or caulking compound may be used for sealing mechani- cally secure joints. Where used, tape or caulking compound shall not be subject to deterioration under long exposures to temper- atures up to 200°F and to conditions of high humidity, excessive moisture, or mildew. 6.10.4 Airtightness of Supply Duct Systems. A supply duct sys- tem shall be considered substantially airtight when the static pres- sure in the duct system, with all registers sealed and with the furnace air circulator at high speed, is at least 80 percent of the static pressure measured in the furnace casing, with its outlets sealed and the furnace air circulator operating at high speed. For the purpose of this paragraph and 6.10.2, pressures shall be mea- sured with a water manometer or equivalent device calibrated to read in increments not greater than 1/10 inch water column. 6.103 Supports. Ducts shall be securely supported. 6.11 Circulating Air 6.11.1 Return Air Openings. Provisions shall be made to per- mit the return of circulating air from all rooms and living spaces, except toilet room(s), to the circulating air supply inlet of the furnace. 6.11.2 Return Air Ducts. The cross-sectional areas of the return air duct shall not he less than 2 square inches for each 1,000 Btu per hour input rating of the appliance. No damper shall he placed in any return air duct, except that a diverting damper may be placed in a combination fresh air intake and return air duct so arranged that for all possible positions of the damper the required cross-sectional area will not be reduced. 6.11.3 Permanent Unclosable Openings. Living space not served by return air ducts and closed off from the return opening of the furnace by doors, sliding partitions, or other means shall be pro- vided with permanent unclosable openings in the doors or sepa- rating partitions to allow circulated air to return to the furnace. Such openings may be grilled or louvered. The net free area of each opening shall be not less than 1 square inch for every 5 square feet of total living space closed off from the furnace by the door, or partition serviced by that opening. Undercutting doors connecting the closed-off space may be used as a means of provid- ing return air area. However, in the event that doors are under- cut, they shall be undercut a minimum of 2 inches and no more than 2~4 inches, and no more than one half of the free air area so provided shall be counted as return air area. PAGENO="0252" 3662 A119.1-81 PART Ill-APPENDIX 501B-81 APPENDIX TO PART III Applicable Standards Standards for Air Conditioning and Heat-Producing Appliances and Equipment* Type USASI Other (Formerly ASA) UL Standards Appliances Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances f o r M oh ii e Homes and Travel Trailers Gas-Heating Appliances for Mobile Homes and Travel Trailers Clothes Dryers (Gas-Fired) Z2 1.5.1-1966 Commercial Gas-Fired and Electrically-Heated Hot Water Generating Equipment Gas-Fired Gravity and Forced Air C~entral Furnaces Gas-Fired Gravity and Fan Type Floor Furnaces Gas-Fir~d Gravity and Fan Type Sealed Combustion System Wall Furnaces Z2 1.44-1 966 Commercial Cooking and Warming Equipment Gas-Fired Illuminating Appli- ances Domestic Gas Ranges, Free Standing Domestic Gas Ranges, Built- in Domestic Cooking Units Refrigerators Using Gas-Fuel Automatic Storage Type Wa- ter Heaters with Input Less than 50,000 BTUH Z21.lO.1-1966 Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Black and Hot Dipped Zinc- Coated (Galvanized) Weld- ed and Seamless Steel Pipe for Ordinary Uses Pipe Threads B2.11960 Wrought-Steel and Wrought- Iron Pipe B36.10-1959 307(a) 1965 307(b) 1965 Z21.47-1965 Z2 1.48-1966 Z2 1.42-1963 Z21. 1. 1-1966 Z2 1.1.2-1966 Z2 1. 19-1966 NSF-5 1959 NSF-4 1967 ASTM A-120-66 WW-P-406b(1)'64 PAGENO="0253" 501B-82 3663 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-82 Nonferrous Pipe, Tubing and Fittings Seamless Copper Water Tube Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Re- frigeration Field Service Metal Connectors for Gas Ap- pliances Manually Operated Gas Valves Mobile Home Gas Connectors (Flexible Metal-Plastic Coated) Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Pipe and Tube Seamless Copper Pipe, Stan- dard Sizes Miscellaneous Air Ducts Flame Tests of Flame-Resis- tant Fabrics Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids and Refrigeration Service Hoods LPG Containers and Accessories Pigtails, Expansion Coils, and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP-Gas Roof Jacks for Trailer Coaches Safety Devices - Appliances Gas Vents Factory-Built Chimneys Installation of Oil Burning Equipment Installation of Gas Appliances, Gas Piping in Buildings Storage and Handling of Liq- uefied Petroleum Gas TSC 9-63 ASTM B-251-67 ASTM B-42-66 WW-P-377d'62 USASI Other Type (Formerly ASA) UL Standards ASTM B-88-66 ASTM B-280-66 Z21.24-1966 Z21.15-1966 Z21.22-1965 Z2 1.20-1966 Z21.23.1965 Z21.21-l963 A13l.2-1964 A131.1-1964 Z95.1-1965 Z2 1.30-1964 Z106. 1-1967 18 1-67 2 14-55 109-66 569-59 311-58 441-64 103-64 GAL ASME, DOT NFPANo. 31-1968 NFPA No. 54-1964 NFPA No. 58-1967 *Dates shown are latest editions at time of printing including the dates of any Addenda issued. PAGENO="0254" 3664 A119.1-83 PART Ill-APPENDIX 501B-83 Notes to Table III Abbreviations used in Table III refer to standards as identified below and elsewhere in this standard. AGA: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the American Gas Association, 1032 East 62nd Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44103. ASA: American Standards Association now United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), 10 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. 10016. ASME: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the Ameri- can Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017. ASTM: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the Ameri- can Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. DOT - Regulations published in the Federal Code of Regulations for the Department of Transportation. Title 49, Parts 171-190 of the FCR are applicable. Available from the U.S. Government Printing Ofilce, Washington, D. C. 20234. GAL: Gas Appliance Laboratories, 3134 East Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90023. IAPMO - Standards [designated above as TSC (Trailer Standard)] published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5032 Aihambra Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90032 [formerly Western Plumbing Officials Association (WPOA.)]. UL: Standards and Tentative Standards published by the Under- writers' Laboratories Inc., 207 East Ohio St., Chicago, Illinois 60611. USASI: USA Standards approved by the United States of America Standards Institute, 10 East 40th Street, New York, N. Y. 10016. PAGENO="0255" 3665 501B-84 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-84 Part IV Electrical Systems 1. Introduction 1.1 Much of the material in Part IV has been taken from, or is based on, the National Electrical Code (USAS C1-1968, NFPA No. 70-1968). 2. Scope 2.1 Part IV of this standard covers the electric conductors and equipment installed within or on mobile homes and also the con- ductors that connect them to a supply of electricity. 2.2 This standard is not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons. 2.3 The National Electrical Code (USAS C 1-1968) will prevail except as otherwise permitted or required in Part IV of the Standard. 2.4 The provisions of this Standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, appliance, installation, device, arrange- ment, or method of construction not specifically prescribed herein, provided any such alternative has been approved or listed. An enforcement agency may approve any such alternative if it finds the proposed design is satisfactory for the purpose intended, and if the material, appliance, installation, device, arrangement, and method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent performance of that prescribed in this standard consid- ering quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety, and protec- tion of life and health. An enforcement authority shall require that satisfactory evidence or proof be submitted to substantiate any claims that may be made regarding the use of any such al- ternative. 3. Definitions Accessible (as Applied to Wiring Methods). Not permanently closed-in by the structure or finish of the mobile home; capable of being removed without disturbing the mobile home structure or finish. (See "Concealed" and "Exposed.") Accessible (as Applied to Equipment). Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. (See "Readily Accessible.") PAGENO="0256" 3666 A119.1-85 PART IV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-85 Air Conditioning or Comfort Cooling Equipment. All of that equipment intended or installed for the purpose of processing the treatment of air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space. Appliance. Utilization equipment, generally other than indus- trial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, which is in- stalled or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions, such as clothes washing, air conditioning, food mixing, deep frying, etc. Appliance, Fixed. An appliance fastened or otherwise secured at a specific location. Appliance, Portable. An appliance that is actually moved or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use. NOTE: For the purpose of this standard, the following major appli- ances are considered portable: Refrigerators, clothes washers, dishwash- ers without booster heaters, or other similar appliances. Appliance, Stationary. An appliance that cannot be easily moved from one place to another in normal use: Approved. The word "approved" as used in this standard means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Attachment Plug (Plug Cap) (Cap). A device that, by insertion in a receptacle, establishes connection between the conductors of the attached flexible cord and the conductors connected permanent- ly to the receptacle. Branch Circuit. That portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit. NOTE: A device not approved for branch circuit protection, such as a thermal cutout or motor overload protective device, is not considered as the overcurrent device protecting the circuit. Branch Circuit-Appliance. A circuit supplying energy to one or more outlets to which appliances are to be connected and which has no permanently connected lighting fixtures not a part of an appliance. Branch Circuit-General Purpose. A branch circuit that supplies a number of outlets for lighting and appliances. Branch Circuit-Individual. A branch circuit that supplies only one utilization equipment. PAGENO="0257" 3667 501B-86 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-86 Cabinet. An enclosure designed either for surface or flush mounting, and provided with a frame, mat, or trim in which swinging doors are hung. Circuit Breaker. A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means, and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating. Concealed. Rendered inaccessible by the structure or finish of the mobile home. Wires in concealed raceways are considered con- cealed, even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them. Connector, Pressure (Solderless). A pressure wire connector is a device that establishes the connection between two or more con- ductors or between one or more conductors and a terminal by means of mechanical pressure and without the use of solder. Dead Front (As Applied to Switches, Circuit-Breakers, Switch- boards, and Distribution Panel). So designed, constructed, and installed that no current-carrying parts are normally exposed on the front. Demand Factor. The ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system, to the total connected load of the system or of the part of the system under consideration. Device. A unit of an electrical system that is intended to carry but not utilize electrical energy. Disconnecting Means. A device, or group of devices, or other means whereby the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. Distribution Panel. A single panel or a group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses, and with or without switches or automatic overcurrent pro- tective devices or both, for the control of light, heat, or power circuits of small individual as well as aggregate capacity; designed to be placed in a cabinet placed in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front. Enclosed. Surrounded by a case that will prevent a person from accidentally contacting live parts. * Equipment. A general term, including material, fittings, devices, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and the like, used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation. 48-254 0 - 70 - 17 PAGENO="0258" 3668 A119.1-87 PART TV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-87 Exposed (as Applied to Live Parts). A live part that can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance. It is applied to parts not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. (See "Accessible" and "Concealed.") Exposed (as Applied to Wiring Method). Not concealed. Externally Operable (As Applied to Equipment That Is En- closed in a Case or Cabinet). Capable of being operated without exposing the operator to contact with live parts. Fitting. An accessory, such as a locknut, bushing, or other part of a wiring system, that is intended primarily to perform a mechan- ical rather than an electrical function. Ground. A conducting connection, whether intentional or ac- cidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and earth, or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth. Grounded. Connected to earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth. Grounded Conductor. A conductor that is intentionally grounded, either solidly or through a current-limiting device. Grounding Conductor. A conductor used to connect an equip- ment, device, or \~iring system with a grounding electrode. Guarded. Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected, by means of suitable covers or casings, barriers, rails or screens, mats or platforms, to eliminate the liability of contact or approach of persons or objects to a point of danger. Identified Ground. The conductor or terminal to which it refers is to be recognized as grounded. Isolated. Not readily accessible to persons unless special means for access are used. Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label of a nationally recognized testing laboratory that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or ma- terials and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nation- ally recognized standards or the conduct of tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. Lighting Outlet. An outlet intended for the direct connection of a lamp holder, a lighting fixture, or a pendant cord terminating in a lamp holder. PAGENO="0259" 3669 501B-88 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-88 Listed. Equipment or materials included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory that maintains peri- odic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. Mobile Home. A vehicular, portable structure built on a I chassis and designed to be used without a permanent foundation* as a dwelling when connected to indicated utilities. Outlet. A point on the wiring system at which current is available to supply utilization equipment. Power Supply Assembly. The conductors, including the ground- ing conductors, insulated from one another, the connectors, attach- ment plug caps, and all other fittings, grommets, or devices in- stalled for the purpose of delivering energy from the service equipment to the distribution panel within the mobile home. Raceway. Any channel for holding wires, cables, or bus bars that is designed expressly for, and used solely for, this purpose. Race- ways may be of metal or insulating material and the term includes rigid metal conduit, flexible metal conduit, electrical metallic tubing, underfloor raceways, cellular metal floor raceways, surface metal raceways, wireways and busways, and rigid nonmetallic conduit. Raintight. So constructed or protected that exposure to a beating rain will not result in the entrance of water. Readily Accessible. Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspection, without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. (See "Accessible.") Receptacle (Convenience) Outlet. A receptacle is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug and flexible cord. Service Equipment. The necessary equipment, usually consisting of circuit breaker or switch and fuses and their accessories located near the point of entrance of supply conductors in a mobile home and intended to constitute the main control and means of cutoff for the supply to that mobile home. *The phrase "without a permanent foundation" indicates that the support system is constructed with the intent that the mobile home placed thereon will be moved from time to time at the convenience of the owner. PAGENO="0260" 3670 A119.1-89 PART IV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-89 Utilization Equipment. Equipment that utilizes electric energy for mechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, or similar useful pur- poses~ Voltage (of a Circuit). The greatest effective difference of po- tential between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. Weatherproof. So constructed or protected that exposure to the~ weather will not interfere with its successful operation. 4. General Requirements 4.1 The following requirements apply to mobile homes intended for connection to a wiring system nominally rated 115/230 volts, 3-wire, AC with grounded neutral. 4.2 Mobile homes shall be provided with a power supply in accordance with Section 10 of this Part. 4.3 Mobile homes shall be provided with disconnecting means and branch circuit protective equipment installed in accordance with Section 9 of this Part. 4.4 A mobile home not intended as a dwelling unit, as for example, equipped for sleeping purposes only, contractor's on-site offices, construction job dormitories, mobile studio dressing rooms, banks, clinics, mobile stores, or intended for the display or demon- stration of merchandise or machinery, shall not be required to meet the provisions of this Article pertaining to the number or capacity of circuits required. It shall, however, meet all other applicable requirements of this Part if provided with an electrical installation intended to be energized from a 115 volt or 115/230 volt AC power supply system. 5. Materials and Equipment 5.1 Elect1rical materials, devices, appliances, fittings, and other equipment installed, intended for use in, or attached to, the mobile home shall be listed by a nationally recognized testing agency. 6. Receptacle Outlets Required 6.1 Except in the bath and hail areas, receptacle outlets shall be installed at wall spaces 2 feet wide or more, so that no point along the floor line is more than 6 feet, measured horizontally, from an outlet in that space. Except as explained in the following, re- ceptacle outlets are not required for wall spaces occupied by PAGENO="0261" 3671 501B-90 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-90 kitchen or wardrobe cabinets. In addition, a receptacle outlet shall be installed: (a) Over or adjacent to counter tops in the kitchen (at least one on each side of the sink if counter tops are on each side and 12 inches or over in width). (b) Adjacent to the refrigerator and free-standing gas-range space. (c) At counter top spaces for built-in vanities. (d) At counter top spaces under wall-mounted cabinets. (e) Adjacent to bathroom lavoratories. 6.2 Receptacle outlets shall not be installed within or immedi- ately adjacent to a shower or bathtub space. 7. Branch Circuits Required 7.1 The number of branch circuits required shall be determined in accordance with the following: 7.1.1 Lighting. Based on 3 watts per square foot times outside dimensions of the mobile home (hitch excluded) divided by 115 volts to determine number of 15- or 20-ampere lighting area circuits, e.g., 3 X Length X Width 115 X 15 (or 20) = No. of 15 (or 20) ampere circuits 7.1.2 Portable Appliances. There shall be a minimum of two 20-ampere branch circuits for receptacle outlets in the kitchen area, which may supply other receptacle outlets in the dining, laundry, and patio areas. These circuits shall supply only portable appliances. 7.1.3 General Appliances. (Including Furnace, Water Heater, Range, and Central or Room Air Conditioner, etc.) There shall be one or more circuits of adequate rating in accordance with the following: (a) Ampere rating of fixed appliances not over 50 percent of circuit rating if lighting. outlets (receptacles, other than kitchen, dining area, and laundry, considered as lighting outlets) are on same circuit; (b) For fixed appliances on a circuit without lighting outlets, the sum of rated amperes shall not exceed the branch-circuit rating PAGENO="0262" 3672 A119.1-91 PART IV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-91 for other than motor loads or 80 percent of the branch-circuit rating for air conditioning or other motor loads; (c) The rating of a single portable appliance on a circuit having no other outlets shall not exceed 80 percent of the circuit rating; (d) The rating of range branch circuit shall be based on the range demand as specified for ranges in Section 8 of this Part. (e) Where laundry facilities are provided, in a mobile home, a 20 ampere branch circuit shall be provided with a 20 ampere outlet within six feet of the intended location of the appliance. 8. Calculations for Lighting and Appliance Load 8.1 The following method is to be employed in computing the supply cord and distribution panel load for each power supply assembly for each mobile home; A. Lighting Watts: Length times width of mobile home (outside dimensions, exclusive of hitch) times 3 watts per square foot; e.g., Length X width X 3 = lighting watts. B. Small Appliance Watts: Number of circuits times 1,500 watts for each 20-ampere appliance receptacle circuit (see definition of Appliance, Portable with note); e.g., Number of circuits X 1,500 = small appliance watts. C. Total Watts: Lighting watts plus small appliance = total watts. First 3,000 total watts at 100 percent plus remainder at 35 percent = watts to be divided by 230 volts to obtain current (amperes) per leg. D. Total load for determining power supply is the summation of: (1) Lighting and small appliance load as calculated in A and B. (2) Name plate amperes for motors and heater loads (ex- haust fans, air conditioners,* electric, gas, or oil heating) ~** (3) Add 25% of current of largest motor in (2). (4) Total of nameplate amperes for: Disposal, Dishwasher, Water heater, Clothes dryer, Wall-mounted oven, Cooking units. *Omit smaller of these two, except include blower motor if used as air conditioner evaporator motor. **When an air conditioner is not installed and a 40-ampere power supply cord is provided, allow 15 amperes per leg for air conditioning. PAGENO="0263" 3673 501B-92 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-92 Where number of these appliances exceeds three use 75% of total. (5) Derive amperes for free standing range (as distinguished from separate ovens and cooking units) by dividing values below by 230 volts. Name Plate Rating Use 10,000 w X or less 10,001-12,500 w 12,501-13,500 w 13,501-14,500 w 14,501-15,500 w 15,501-16,500 w 16,501-17,500 w 80 percent of rating 8,000 w 8,400 w 8,800 w 9,200 w 9,600 w 10,000 w (6) If outlets or circuits are provided for other than factory installed appliances include the anticipated load. NOTE: The following example is given to illustrate the application of this Method of Calculation: Example A mobile home is 70 X 10 feet and has two portable appliance circuits, a 1000 watt 230 volt heater, a 200 watt 115 volt exhaust fan, a 400 watt 115 volt dishwasher and a 7000 watt electric range. Lighting and small appliance load Lighting 70 x 10 X S = 2100 watts Small appliance 1500 X 2 = 3000 watts 5100 watts 1st 3000 watts at 100% 3000 Remainder (5,100 - 3,000 = 2,100) at 35% 735 3735 .3735 = 16 amperes per leg 230 1000 watt (heater) 230 = 4.4 amp 200watt(fan) ± 115= l.7amp 400 watt (dishwasher) ± 115 = 3.5 amp 7000 watt (range) x .8 ± 230 = . 24. amp Amperes per leg A B Lighting and appliances 16 16 Heater (230 volt) 4 4 Fan (115 volt) 2 - Dishwasher (115 volt) - 4 Range 24 24 Totals 46 48 Based on the higher current calculated for either leg, use one 50 ampere supply cord. PAGENO="0264" 3674 Al 19.1-93 PART IV - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-93 9. Disconnecting Means and Branch Circuit Protective Equipment 9.1 Mobile homes shall contain a distribution panel having a main overcurrent protective device rated not in excess of the current carrying capacity of the power supjily assembly, installed with sup- ply cord and branch circuits wired at the factory. 9.2 The distribution panel shall be installed in a readily ac- cessible location near the point of entrance of the supply cord. 9.3 The distribution panel may be located with its front just inside a closet door, or it may be located in a closet above any shelf or floor if the location is such that a clear space of 6 inches is maintained in front of the distribution panel. However, working space shall be provided as required by the National Electrical Code (USAS C1-1968, NFPA No. 70-1968). 9.4 An appropriately rated service equipment panel or an enclosed panel board or an enclosed panel base assembly, approved and marked, "SUITABLE FOR USE AS SERVICE EQUIP- MENT," shall be used. The distribution panel shall be of the insulated neutral type,. with a grounding bar bonded to the metal frame of the panel or other approved grounding means. 9.5 A distribution panel main circuit-breaker shall be rated 50 amperes and employ a 2-pole circuit breaker rated 40 amperes for a 40-ampere supply cord, or 50 amperes for a 50-ampere supply cord. A distribution panel employing a disconnect switch and fuses shall be rated 60 amperes and shall employ a single 2-pole, 60-ampere fuseholder with 40- or 50-ampere main fuses for 40- or 50-ampere supply cords, respectively. The outside of the distri- bution panel shall be plainly marked with the fuse size. The main circuit breakers or fuses shall be plainly marked "Main." 9.6 Plug fuses and fuseholders shall be tamper-resistant, Type "5," enclosed in dead-front fuse panels. 9.7 The provisions of Article 210, of the National Electrical Code (USAS C1-1968) shall apply to branch circuits supplying lighting or appliance loads or combinations of such loads. Where motors or motor operated appliances are connected to any circuit supplying lighting or other appliance loads, the provisions of both Article 210 arid Article 430 of the National Electrical Code shall apply. Article 430 of the National Electrical Code shall apply where branch circuit supplies only motor loads. PAGENO="0265" 3675 501B-94 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-94 9.8 Overcurrent protection shall be provided for branch circuits and feeders in accordance with Article 240 of the National Elec- trical Code (USAS C1-1968) as applicable. The branch circuit overcurrent devices shall be rated: (a) not more than the circuit conductors; and (b) not more than 150 percent of the rating of a single ap- pliance rated 10 amperes or more, but (c) not more than the fuse size marked on the air conditioner or other motor-operated appliance. 9.9 If more than one outlet or load is on a branch circuit, a 15-ampere receptacle is considered protected by a 20-ampere fuse or circuit breaker. 9.10 When circuit breakers are provided for branch-circuit protection, 230-volt circuits shall be protected by 2-pole common or companion trip, or handle-tied paired circuit breakers. 10. Power-Supply Assembly 10.1 The mobile home service equipment shall be located ad- jacent to the mobile home. The mobile home shall be connected to its service equipment by means of a power-supply assembly or by means of permanently installed conductors. 10.2 The mobile home shall have a power-supply cord perma- nently attached to the distribution panel or a junction box per- manently connected to the distribution panel, with the free end terminating in an attachment plug cap. 10.3 Cords and adapters with pigtail ends, extension cords, and similar items shall not be attached to, or shipped with, a mobile home. 10.4 A suitable clamp or the equivalent shall be provided at the distribution panel knockout to afford strain relief for the cord to prevent strain from being transmitted to the terminals when the power-supply cord is handled in its intended manner. 10.5 The cord used shall be Type SO or ST with three current- carrying conductors with a green insulated grounding conductor. 10.6 The attachment-plug cap shall be 3-pole, 4-wire grounding type, in accordance with USA Standard Dimensions of Caps, Plugs and Receptacles, Grounding Type, General Purpose, 125/ 250 Volts, 50 Amperes, 3 Pole, 4 Wire (USAS C73.17-1966), intended PAGENO="0266" 3676 Al 19.1-95 PART IV - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-95 for use with a receptacle rated 50 amperes, 125/250 volts. It shall be molded of butyl rubber, neoprene, or other approved materials which have been found suitable for the purpose, and shall be molded to the flexible cord so that it adheres tightly to the cord at the point where the cord enters the attachment-plug cap. If a right-angle cap is used, the configuration shall be so oriented that the grounding member is farthest from the cord. ~lO.7 The over-all length of the power-supply assembly, mea- sured from the end of the cord, including bared leads, to the face of the attachment-plug cap shall be no less than 21 feet and shall not exceed 26'/2 feet. The length of the cord from the face of the attachment-plug cap to the point where the outer jacket of the cord is removed shall be at least 20',4 feet. 10.8 The power-supply cord shall bear the following marking on the manufacturer's portion of the combination label: "For use with mobile homes - 40 amperes" or "For use with mobile homes - 50 amperes." NOTE: The "For use with mobile homes - 40 ampere" power-supply assembly is for mobile homes that are factory-equipped with gas or oil-fired heating and cooking appliances. 10.9 The point of entrance of the power-supply assembly to the mobile home shall be in the exterior wall, floor, or roof, in the rear third section (away from the hitch) of the mobile home. *10.10 Where a separately metered appliance is installed in the mobile home, or where the calculated load of the mobile home is between 50 amperes and 100 amperes, a second 50-ampere power-supply assembly may be installed, or a service as provided for in 10.1 and 10.11. The point of entrance of this second power- supply assembly shall be located not more than 12 inches away from the point of entrance of the main power-supply assembly. They shall not be interconnected on either the line side or the load side, except that the grounding circuits and grounding means shall be electrically interconnected. `10.11 Where the calculated load exceeds 100 amperes or where a permanent feeder is used, the supply shall be by means of: (a) one mast weatherhead installation installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (USAS C 1-1968), and containing four continuous insulated color-coded feeder conductors, one of which shall be a grounding conductor; or, *See Tentative Interim Amendment No. 1-1968, page A119.1-106. PAGENO="0267" 3677 501B-96 MOBILE HOMES Al 19.1-96 (b) an approved metal raceway from the disconnecting means to the underside of the mobile home with provisions for the attachment of a suitable junction box or fitting to the raceway on the underside of the mobile home [with or without conductors as in 10.11 (a)]. 11. Wiring Methods 11.1 Electrical metallic tubing, flexible metallic conduit, armored cable, and nonmetallic sheathed cable, with grounding conductor shall terminate by means of fittings, clamps, or connectors ap- proved for the purpose. 11.2 Rigid metal conduit shall be provided with a locknut inside and outside the box, and a conduit bushing shall be used on the inside. Inside ends of the conduit shall be reamed. 11.3 Nonmetallic outlet boxes are acceptable only with non- metallic sheathed. cable. 11.4 Outlet boxes shall fit closely to openings in combustible walls and ceilings; and they shall be flush with such surfaces. 11.5 Boxes, fittings and cabinets shall be securely fastened in place. Exception: Snap-in type boxes or boxes provided with special wall or ceiling brackets that securely fasten boxes in walls or ceilings may be used. 11.6 The sheath or armor shall be continuous between outlet boxes and other enclosures. 11.7 Metal-clad and nonmetallic cables may be passed through the centers of the wide side of 2 by 4 studs. However, they shall be protected where they pass through 2 by 2 studs or at other studs or frames where the cable or armor would be less than 1 I/~ inches from the inside or outside surface. Steel plates on each side of the cable, or a tube, with not less than No. 16 manufacturer's standard gage wall thickness, are required to protect the cable. These plates or tubes shall be securely held in place. Exception: Wires may be run without steel protectors through notched wall studs when the notch is on the inside (room side) of the stud, and the inside wall material is applied prior to the installation of the wiring. This excep- tion is applicable only if there is sufficient wall stud depth PAGENO="0268" 3678 A119.1-97 PART IV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-97 to maintain the minimum 1'/2 inches from the base of the notch to the exterior wall surface. 11.8 No bend shall have a radius of less than five times t,he cable diameter. 11.9 Cables shall be supported within 12 inches of outlet boxes, the service entrance box, and splice boxes on appliances. Sup- ports are required every 4'/Q feet at other places. A reasonably close-fitting hole in a stud may be considered as a support for a horizontal run. 11.10 Nonmetallic sheathed cables are to be supported within 8 inches of a nonmetallic outlet box without cable clamps. 11.11 If the range, clothes dryer, or similar appliance is con- nected by armored cable or flexible conduit, a length of free cable or conduit shall be provided to permit moving the appliance. The cable or flexible conduit should be adequately secured to the wall. Clearance space behind a range may provide the required protection when a range is connected by Type SE cable. When used, Type SE cable shall have an identified and insulated neutral plus an equipment grounding conductor. Nonmetallic cable (Type NM) shall not be used to connect a range or dryer. NOTE: Above does not prohibit the use of Type NM cable between the branch circuit overcurrent protective device and the range or dryer receptacle. 11.12 Nonmetallic cable located 15 inches or less above the floor, if exposed, shall be protected from mechanical damage by cover- ing boards, guard strips, or conduit. Cable likely to be damaged by stowage shall be so protected in all cases. 12. Under Chassis Wiring (Exposed to Weather) 12.1 When outdoor or under chassis line-voltage wiring is ex- posed to moisture and mechanical damage it shall be protected by rigid metal conduit or liquid-tight flexible metal conduit, except electrical metallic tubing may be used when closely routed against frames and equipment enclosures. 12.2 The conductors shall be NMC, RW, TW, or equivalent. 13. Switch and Receptacle Plates 13.1 Flush snap switches shall be (a) isolated from ground by being installed in boxes of nonconductive material with noncon- PAGENO="0269" 3679 501B-98 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-98 ducting faceplates (metal faceplates screws may be used with non- conducting faceplates without being grounded), or (b) grounded. 13.2 Metallic faceplates shall be of ferrous metal not less than 0.030 inch in thickness or of nonferrous metal not less than 0.040 inch in thickness. 13.3 Faceplates of insulating material shall be listed by a nation- ally recognized testing laboratory. 13.4 Where metallic faceplates are used they shall be effectively grounded. 14. Conductors in Outlet Boxes 14.1 Each wire in an outlet box should be spaced as indicated below. Grounding wires, fixtures splicing wires, and conductors that do not leave the box are not counted. No. 14 AWG -2 cu in. per wire No. 12 AWG - 2.25 cu in. per wire No. 10 AWG - 2.50 cu in. per wire No. 8 AWG - 3.0 cu in. per wire NOTE: Where there is not sufficient space for a deeper box, four No. 14 AWG conductors may enter a box with or without cable clamps and containing one or more devices on a single mounting strap. 14.2 Wiring leads in the outlet boxes shall extend at least 4 inches from the wall surface. 15. Painting of Wiring 15.1 During painting or staining of the mobile home, it is ac- ceptable to paint metal raceways (except where grounding con- tinuity would be reduced) or the sheath of the nonmetallic cable. Some arrangement, however, must be made so that no paint is applied to the individual wires, as the color coding may be obliterated by the paint. 16. Polarization 16.1 The identified (white) conductor shall be employed for grounded circuit conductors only and shall be connected to the identified (white) terminal or lead on receptacle outlets and fix- tures. It shall be the unswitched wire in switched circuits, ex~ cept that a cable containing an identified conductor (white) may be used for singje-pole three-way or four-way switch loops where PAGENO="0270" 3680 Al 19.1-99 PART IV - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-99 the connections are made so that the unidentified conductor is the return conductor from the switch to the outlet. Painting of the terminal end of the wire is not required. 16.2 If the identified (white) conductor of a cable is used for other than grounded conductors or for other than switch loops as explained above (for a 230-volt circuit, for example), the con- ductor shall be finished in a color other than white at each outlet where the conductors are visible and accessible. 16.3 Green-colored wires or green with yellow stripe shall be used for grounding conductors only. 17. Connection to Terminals and Splices 17.1 Connection of conductors to terminal parts shall ensure a thoroughly good connection without damaging the conductors and shall be made by means of pressure connectors (including set screw type), solder lugs, or splices to flexible leads. No. 8 or smaller solid conductors and No. 10 or smaller stranded conductors may be connected by means of clamps or screws with terminal plates having upturned lugs, or by means of approved screwless terminals. Terminals for more than one conductor shall be of a type approved for the purpose. 17.2 Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices approved for the use or by brazing, welding or soldering with a fusible metal or alloy. Soldered splices shall first be so spliced or joined as to be mechanically and electrically secure without solder and then soldered. All splices and joints and the free ends of conductors shall be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors. 17.3 If splices of the grounding wire in nonmetallic sheathed cable are made in outlet boxes, the splice should be insulated to prevent contact with terminals. 18. Wall Switches 18.1 Switches shall be rated as follows: (a) For lighting circuits, switches shall be rated not less than 10 amperes - 125 volts and in no case less than the connected load. (b) For motors or other loads, switches shall have ampere or horsepower ratings or both adequate for loads controlled. (An PAGENO="0271" 3681 501B-100 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-100 "ac general use" snap switch may control a motor 2 horsepower or less with full-load current not over 80 percent of the switch ampere rating.) 19. Receptacle Outlets 19.1 Receptacle Outlets. All receptacle outlets: (a) shall be of grounding type; (b) shall be installed in accordance with Section 210-7 of the National Electrical Code (USAS C 1-1968), and, (c) except when supplying specific appliances, receptacles shall be parallel blade, 15-ampere, 125-volt, either single or multiple face type. 20. Lighting Fixtures 20.1 General 20.1.1 Any combustible wall or ceiling finish exposed between the edge of a fixture, canopy, or pan and an outlet box shall be covered with noncombustible material. 20.1.2 Listed pendant-type fixtures or pendant cords may be installed in mobile homes. 20.2 Recessed Lighting Fixtures 20.2.1 Conductors having insulation suitable for the temperature encountered shall be used. 20.2.2 Fixtures having branch-circuit terminal connections that operate at temperatures higher than 60 C (140 F) shall have circuit conductors as described in 20.2.3 and 20.2.4. 20.2.3 Branch-circuit~ conductors having an insulation suitable for the temperature encountered may be run directly to the fixture. 20.2.4 Tap connection conductors having an insulation suitable for the temperature encountered shall be run from the fixture terminal connection to an outlet box placed at least 1 foot from the fixture. Such a tap shall extend for at least 4 feet but not more than 6 feet and shall be in a suitable metal raceway. 20.3 Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures. When fluorescent lamp fix- tures require high-temperature wire, the requirements of 20.2 shall apply. PAGENO="0272" 3682 Al 19.1-101 PART IV - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-101 20.4 Shower Fixtures 20.4.1 If a lighting fixture is provided over a bathtub or in a shower stall, it shall be of the approved enclosed and gasketed type. 20.4.2 The switch for shower lighting fixtures and exhaust fans, located over a tub or in a shower stall, shall be located outside the tub or shower space. 21. Wiring of Expandable Units and Dual Units 21.1 Expandable or dual unit mobile homes utilizing permanently installed feeder conductors may use permanent type wiring methods and materials for connecting such units to each other. 21.2 Expandable or dual unit mobile homes not having perma- nently installed feeder conductors which are~ to be moved from one location to another, may have disconnecting means with branch circuit protective equipment in each unit when so located that af.. ter assembly or joining together of units the requirements of Par. 10.10 will be met. 21.3 Expandable or dual unit mobile homes which are to be moved from one location to another, may be connected together with cord connections using approved raintight power supply con- nectors or approved power supply connectors installed in protected locations. All cords used shall be approved for extra hard usage in accordance with the National Electrical Code (USAS Cl- 1968). Cord length shall be kept at a minimum, with outlet boxes on each unit located where circuit conductors terminate; such outlet boxes to be adjacent to each other as near as practical after units are joined together. 22. Outdoor Outlets, Fixtures, Air-Cooling Equipment, Etc. 22.1 Outdoor fixtures and equipments shall be recognized for outdoor use. Outdoor receptacle or convenience outlets shall be of a gasketed-cover type. 22.2 A mobile home provided with a receptacle outlet designed to energize heating and/or air conditioning equipment located outside the mobile home, shall have permanently affixed adjacent to the outlet receptacle, a metal tag which reads: This Connection is for Air Conditioning Equipment Rated Volts A.C. at , at Not More Than amperes. PAGENO="0273" 3683 501B-102 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-102 The correct voltage and ampere ratings shall be given. The tag shall be not less than 0.020 inch, etched brass, stainless steel, anodized or alciad aluminum. The tag shall not be less than 3 inches by 1 3/4 inches minimum size. 23. Grounding 23.1 Service Grounding. Service grounding shall be accom- plished as follows: 23.1.1 The green-colored grounding wire in the supply cord or permanent feeder wiring shall be connected to the grounding bus in the distribution panel or disconnecting means. 23.1.2 A grounding wire shall be connected between distribution panel grounding terminal and a terminal on the chassis. Ground- ing terminals shall be of the solderless type and listed as pressure terminal connectors recognized for the wire size employed. 23.1.3 The chassis shall be grounded. The grounding conductor may be solid or stranded, insulated or bare, and shall be an ar- mored grounding conductor or routed in conduit if No. 8 AWG. The conductor, if No. 6 AWG or larger, may be run without metal covering. 23.1.4 The grounding conductor shall be routed so as not to be exposed to damage. Protection can be afforded by the config- uration of the chassis. 23.1.5 The distribution panel shall have a grounding bus, or approved grounding means for the various grounding connections. 23.1.6 The grounding bus shall have sufficient terminals for all grounding conductors. 23.2 Insulated Neutral 23.2.1 The grounded circuit conductor (neutral) shall be in- sulated from the grounding conductors and from equipment en- closures and other grounded parts. The grounded (neutral) circuit terminals in the distribution panel and in ranges, clothes dryers, counter-mounted cooking units, and wall-mounted ovens are to be insulated from the equipment enclosure. Bonding screws, straps, or buses in the distribution panel or in appliances are to be removed and discarded. 23.2.2 Connection of ranges and clothes dryers utilizing a grounded (neutral) conductor shall be made with 4 conductor 48-254 0 - 70 - 18 PAGENO="0274" 3684 A119.1-103 PART IV-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-103 cord and 3-pole, 4-wire grounding type plugs, or by armored ca- ble or conductors enclosed in flexible steel conduit. 23.3 Interior Grounding-Electrical 23.3.1 In the electrical system, all exposed metal parts, en- closures, frames, lamp fixture canopies, etc., shall be effectively bonded to the grounding terminal or enclosure of the distribu- tion panel. 23.3.2 Where grounding of electrical equipment is specified, it may be accomplished as follows: (a) Securing to grounded structural metal. (b) Connection by metallic raceway (conduit, electrical me- tallic tubing, flexible-steel conduit, or the sheath of armored ca- ble) to metallic outlet boxes. (c) A connection between the one or more grounding con- ductors and a metallic box by means of a grounding screw, which shall be used for no other purpose, or an approved ground- ing device. (d) A connection between the one or more grounding con- ductors brought into a nonmetallic outlet box shall be so ar- ranged that a connection can be made to any fitting or device in that box that requires grounding. (e) At lamp fixtures where nonmetallic cable and boxes are used, the grounding wire shall be connected to a grounding plate or equivalent; this plate also being a support for the fixture. The grounding connection shall be independent of the mounting means of the fixture. (f) The grounding wire in nonmetallic sheathed cable may be secured under a screw threading into the fixture canopy other than mounting screw, cover screw, or to listed grounding plate in nonmetallic outlet box for fixture mounting (grounding plate also used for fixture attachment screws). (g) Where metallic raceway is used, a fixture is considered grounded if the mounting screws thread into the metal outlet box or if a direct connection is made to the metal raceway. 23.3.3 Where more than one grounding conductor of a branch circuit enters a box, all such conductors shall be in good electrical contact with each other, and the arrangement shall be such that the disconnection or removal of a receptacle, fixture, or other de- PAGENO="0275" 3685 501B-104 MOBILE HOMES A119.1-104 vice fed from the box will not interfere with or interrupt the grounding continuity. 23.3.4 Cord-connected appliances, such as washing machines, clothes dryers, refrigerators, and the electrical system of gas ranges, etc., shall be grounded by means of an approved cord with grounding conductor and grounding type plug. 23.4 Grounding of Noncurrent-Carrying Metal Parts 23.4.1 All major exposed metal parts that may become ener- gized, including the water, gas, and waste plumbing, the roof and outer metallic covering, the chassis and metallic circulating air ducts, shall be effectively bonded to the grounding terminal or enclosure of the distribution panel or to the metal chassis. See Paragraph 23.1.2 for bonding of the chassis to the distribution panel grounding terminal. 23.4.2 The metallic roof and exterior covering are considered grounded if: (a) The metal panels overlap one another and are securely attached to the wood or metal frame parts by metallic fastener, and (b) The lower panel of the metallic exterior covering is se- cured by metallic fasteners at each cross member of the chassis, or the lower panel is bonded to the chassis by a metal strap. 23.4.3 The gas, water, and waste pipes are considered ground- ed if they are bonded to the chassis. If wire is used, grounding clamps, No. 8 AWG, minimum, armored grounding cable, and solderless connectors shall be used. Alternatively, suitable ground- ing straps may be used. 23.4.4 The furnace and metallic circulating air ducts shall be grounded. 24. Electrical Testing 24.1 Dielectric Strength Test. The wiring of each mobile home shall be subjected to a 1-minute, 900-volt dielectric strength test (with all switches closed) between live parts (including neutrals) and the mobile home ground. Alternatively, the test may be per- formed at 1,088 volts for 1 second. This tesi shall be performed after branch circuits are complete and after fixtures or appliances are installed. Listed fixtures and permanently installed appliances shall not be required to withstand the dielectric test. PAGENO="0276" 3686 Al 19.1-105 PART IV - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 501B-105 24.2 Examination of Equipment for Safety. The examination or inspection of equipment for safety, according to the recommen- dations contained in this standard, should be conducted under uniform conditions and by organizations properly equipped and qualified for experin~ental testing, inspections of the run of goods at factories, and service-value determinations through field exami- nations. 25. Electrical Marking 25.1 The main circuit breakers or fuses shall be plainly marked "Main." Marking of branch-circuit breakers or fuses is optional. 25.2 If a fused distribution panel is used, the maximum fuse size for the mains shall be plainly marked as follows, with lettering at least `/~ inch high where visible when fuses are changed: "Maxi- mum Main Fuses 40 (or 50) amp." 25.3 A metal nameplate on the outside adjacent to the supply cord entrance shall read, "This Mobile Home is Wired for 115/230 Volt, 3-Wire, 60 Cycle Supply, Supply Cord 40 (or 50) amp." The voltage marking may read 120/240 Volts instead of 115/230 Volts. This 3- Mobile Home Is Wired for 115/230 Pole, 4-Wire, 60 Cycle Supply. Supply Cord 40* Amperes *Or 50. PAGENO="0277" 3687 501B-106 A119.1-106 Tentative Interim Amendment No. 1-1968 Effective Sept. 30, 1968 Standard for Mobile Homes NFPA No. 501B-1968 USA Standard A119.1-1969 Part IV - Electrical Systems 1. Revise Paragraph 10.7 to insert the 36'/2-foot figure for the 26V2-foot figure to agree with Tentative Interim Amendment No. 148 of the 1968 National Electrical Code, the revised text to read: 10.7 The overall length of the power-supply assembly, measured from the end of the cord, including bared leads, to the face of the attachment-plug cap shall be no less than 21 feet and shall not exceed 36~2 feet. The length of the cord from the face of the at- tachment-plug cap to the point where the outer jacket of the cord is removed shall be at least 201/2 feet. 2. Revise the first and second sentences of Paragraph 10.10 to read: 10.10 Where a separately metered appliance is installed in the mobile home or where the calculated load of the mobile home is between 50 amperes and 150 amperes, up to three 50 ampere power-supply assemblies may be installed or a service as provided for in 10.1 and 10.11. Additional power-supply assemblies shall be located not more than 12 inches away from the point of entrance of the main power-supply assembly. 3. Revise the figure in Paragraph 10.11 (first line) to read "150 amperes" instead of "100 amperes." PAGENO="0278" 3~88 Mr. BARING. Our next witness is Mr. Louis Clark, assistant director, National Economics Commission, and Mr. Charles Mattingly, assist- ant director, National Legislative Commission. STATEMENT OP CHARLES E. MATTINGLY, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE COMMISSION, TIlE AMERICAN LEGION; ACCOMPANIED BY LOUIS B. CLARK~ ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, NA- TIONAL ECONOMIC COMMISSION, THE AMERICAN LEGION Mr. MATTINGLY. Mr. Chairman and members of the subeommlttee, on behalf of the American Legion, I want to thank you for this op- portunity to appear before your distinguished subcommittee to make the American Legion's views known on the pending legislation. I would like to introduce Mr. Louis B. Clark. Mr. Clark's division is the program division in the American Legion that services this particular program. The American Legion has been an enthusiastic advocate and strong supporter of the G-I home loan program for more than 25 years. During this period, more than 7.6 million GI loans have been guaranteed or insured by the Veterans' Administration for a total of $78 billion. Additionally, the Veterans' Administration has made more than 304,000 direct loans amounting to $2.9 billion. We are proud of the part the Legion had in the passage of this landmark legislation and are grateful that the program has been so successful. The program has not only benefited many deserving veterans, it has made a tremendous contribution to the Nation's economy. Today, however, because of high financing charges, increased building costs and a general national short;age of mortgage money, many potential veteran home buyers are priced out of the housing market. At the same time, the program under existing law is due to expire for all remaining eligible World War II veterans on July 25, 1970. For many other veterans of World War II and the Korean conflict, the program has already terminated. If prompt action is not taken to re- vive the program, many veterans will be denied use of their entitle- ment to a VA guaranteed or direct loan because the program will terminate for them during these unfavorable market conditions. We believe it is only fair and reasonable that World War II and Korean conflict veterans who have been frustrated in their attempts to obtain GI loans in what appears to be the closing months of the program, be given an opportunity to obtain the benefit which was in- tended for them by the Congress and a grateful Nation. The American Legion, therefore, favors restoration of GI loan benefits for veterans of World War II and the Korean conflict, who have not used their entitlement, a.nd the removal of the phaseout and the group cutoff dates. ILR. 17181, introduced by Congressman Olin Te~ague, for himself and Congressman William Ayres, will accomplish the objectives we seek. The American Legion respectfully urges the subcommittee to approve H.R. 17181. Elimination of the existing eligibility termination dates for the VA home loan program will permit veterans to coordi-. nate their home-buying plans with mortgage credit needs and favor- PAGENO="0279" 3689 able private market conditions at a time when sellers and lenders desire to participate in the loan guarantee program. H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 would authorize the Veterans' Admin- istration to insure loans and grant direct loans for mobile homes and sites. I am sure this subcommittee is well aware that there is an insufficient supply of mortgage money at any price and that new housing starts have declined sharply in the last year. The dwindling supply of reg- ular homes, and the increase in the cost of housing, have driven the median price of new homes beyond the reach of most veterans, espe- cially the young men returning from Vietnam. The shortage of new homes has also inflated the cost of older exist- ing housing and rentals far beyond their true value, yet decent shelter is a basic human need. The current housing prices are prohibitive for all potential home buyers, but especially for the young Vietnam vet- eran whose VA loan certificate is often useless. These young men are returning to civilian life at the rate of ap- proximately 80,000 per month. Nearly 2 million will be discharged from the Armed Forces during the next 2 years. It is imperative that something be done to assist these men who will need decent housing, yet cannot afford the combination of high costs and unrealistic mort- gage interest rates. The mobile home industry has skyrocketed in recent years because of this current housing dilemma. The price of the mobile home is within reach of most low- and moderate-income people with housing needs. Recommendation No. G-2, contained in the report of the President's Committee on the Vietnam Veteran, endorsed VA loan guarantee underwriting of mobile homes. The National Housing Act of 1969 also gave the Federal Housing Administration authority to guaran- tee loans on both new mobile homes and land for mobile home parks. Traditionally, it has been the policy of The American Legion that the VA loan program should at least be on a competitive basis with the program as administered by the Federal Housing Administration. We, therefore, urge this subcommittee to favorably consider those sections of H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762, which would authorize the Veterans' Administration to insure loans and grant direct loans for mobile homes and sites. Mobile homes under the Veterans' Administration will add a new dimension to its housing program, therefore, the administrator of Veterans Affairs should have adequate flexibility. The legislation pending before this subcommittee will provide such flexibility. An- other feature of the legislation favored by the American Legion provides that an eligible veteran who purchases a mobile home would later be eligible to purchase a permanent type dwelling provided the mobile home loan is paid in full. This would permit the returning Vietnam veterans and other vet- erans unable, because of existing housing conditions, to purchase permanent dwellings, to obtain mobile type homes, and then when housing conditions improve, they will still be able to purchase per- manent type .homes provided their previous loans have been satisfied. Mr. Chairman, the American Legion is very much concerned with another aspect of the housing problem which, to the best of our PAGENO="0280" 3690 knowledge, is not covered in any of the legislation before this sub- committee. I refer to the funding fee which is charged to veterans who serve after January 31, 1955, including the veterans of the Viet- nam era. When the 1966 cold war GI bill was under consideration, we believe it was the feeling of the Congress that post-Korean veterans interested in home buying should receive some consideration, but perhaps a little less than the home loan benefits available to World War II and Korean conflict veterans. Such philosophy at that time was realistic and reasonable. However, since enactment of the 1966 cold war GI bill, circum- stances have changed materially. Today, we are engaged in a fighting war and American servicemen in Southeast Asia are risking their lives daily just as much as did servicemen in previous wars. Traditionally, the American Legion has supported comparable benefits for all war veterans. It is, therefore, a major responsibility of our organization to see that the Vietnam era veteran is properly integrated into our economy and receives all the readjustment assist- ance and benefits he deserves upon his return to civilian life. The American Legion believes that the Vietnam veteran should not be charged a funding fee of one-half of 1 percent or the total mortgage amount when purchasing a home. To burden him with this requirement is discriminatory. We, therefore, respectfully recommend that section 1818 of title 38, United States Code, be amended to specifically provide that Vietnam era veterans serving on or after August 5, 1964, will not be required to pay the one-half of 1 percent funding fee. I thank you for the opportunity to express our views on this im- portant subject. Mr. BARING. Mr. Clark, did you wish to add anything at this time? Mr. CLA~nK. No, sir. The statement clarifies our position. Mr. BARING. Do you have any questions, Mr. Roybal? Mr. ROYBAL. No, sir. Mr. BARING. Mr. Duncan? Mr. DUNCAN. No, sir. Mr. BARING. Mr. Edwards? Mr. EDWARDS. Does it disturb the American Legion that veterans from all previous wars were able to come back and buy permanent homes but now veterans are unable to buy permanent homes and so they are recommended to move in temporary homes and buy them? Mr. MATrINGLY. Certainly, Mr. Edwards, it disturbs us. We see this as a temporary thing. We see it as a temporary home for the average veteran. The point is that housing is now so expensive that the young fel- low returning from Vietnam cannot afford it. When he returns, he tries to find himself in civilian pursuits. He marries and begins a family and it is at a time, of course, when his income is the smallest, perhaps, in his lifetime. Therefore, we think that the mobile home is a temporary solution. He can have a decent place to live at a price that he can afford and later, as his economic outlook improves and as he liquidates this loan, he can look around and, hopefully, the market will be more favor- PAGENO="0281" 3691 able, or at least he will be in a position to afford a permanent home at that time.. Mr. EDWARDS. There are various Federal programs that seek to provide housing for lower income people and low income families. These, as you know, have only been partially successful. Why wouldn't the American Legion be more interested in making these programs work where the veteran, after 10 or 15 years, would really have an equity. I don't think anybody is going to say he is going to have any equity after 15 or 20 years in a mobile home. He will, in very few instances, own the land. Mr. MATTINGLY. To answer that question I will have to ask you a question. You are referring to the subsidy programs ~ Mr. EDWARDS. Yes, sir. Mr. MATTINGLY. I see. I think, generally the answer to your question, as far as the Ameri- can Legion is concerned, is that we don't want veterans to suffer the stigma of welfare programs and, of course, those various subsidy programs are welfare programs. Mr. EDWARDS. I don't think you can describe them as welfare pro- grams. The Federal Government involves itself in all kinds of pro- grams that benefit certain parts of the community: urban renewal, open space grants. I don't think you can call those welfare programs. Mr. MATTINGLY. For those who qualify and want it, of course, Mr. Edwards, we have always asked that the veterans be included in these programs and, in the past, I believe, we have asked that they be in- cluded on a priority basis. Quite frankly, I don't think we really feel that veterans should suffer the stigma of going to programs that are set up for-I wouldn't call them underprivileged-but, nonetheless, these are people whose eco- nomic outlook probably won't improve in the future years and we think that the Veterans' Administration, being the single agency set up to administer veterans' programs, we think that the housing pro- gram should be there too. Mr. BARING. Mr. Helstoski ~ Mr. HELSTOSKI. I have nothing. Mr. BARING. Thank you very much. We appreciate your statement. Mr. MATrINGLY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. BARING. TLank you very much. The committee then will stand adjourned until Thursday at 10 o'clock. (Whereupon, at 11:30 a.m. the subcommittee recessed, to reconvene at 10 a.m., Thursday, July 16, 1970.) PAGENO="0282" PAGENO="0283" Purchase of Mobile Homes Under VA Guarantee THURSDAY, JULY 16, 1970 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON HOUSING OF THE COMMITPEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS The subcommittee met at 10 a.m. in room 334, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Walter S. Baring (chairman of the subcommittee), presiding. Mr. BARING. The Subcommittee On Housing will come to order. The committee will continue the hearings begun on Tuesday with statements on mobile housing. Our first witness today will be Mr. Edward DeYoung, president, who is accompanied by Mr. David J. Humphreys, Washington counsel for the Mobile Housing Association of America. We shall be pleased to hear you. STATEMENT OP EDWARD DeYOUNG, PRESIDENT, MOBILE HOUS- ING ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA; ACCOMPANIED BY DAVID J. HUMPHREYS, WASHINGTON COUNSEL POR THE MOBILE HOUS- ING ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA Mr. DEYOUNG. Mr. Chairman, I have Mr. Humphreys with me, our Washington counsel. I am sorry that our testimony was not presented to you until this morning in printed form. It is not too lengthy and if permissible I would like to read it. Mr. BARING. There is no objection and it is so ordered. (Mr. DeYoung reads statement as follows:) Mr. DEYOUNG. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, my name is Edward DeYoung and I am president of the Mobile Housing Association of America. The Mobile Housing Association is a trade association consisting primarily of dealers but also including mobile home park operators, manufacturers, lenders, and others involved in the mobile home industry. In this testimony we are addressing ourselves to pending bills which, while they reflect some differences, would extend the veterans home loan program to mobile homes. We strongly urge enactment of such legislation. The past decade has proved conclusively that the mobile home is a source of adequate housing for the American people. Indeed, the record of that industry reveals that it is a major source of housing for low and moderate in- come families. So noteworthy has been the record of the industry in providing adequate housing, that in recent testimony before the House Housing Subcommittee, Secretary George Romney of the Department of Housing and Urban Development predicted that 4 million families would acquire mobile homes during the next 8 years and that this (3693) PAGENO="0284" 3694 anticipated growth should be considered in evaluating progress in achieving the Nation's housing goals. The mortgage insurance system of th~ Federal Housing Administra- tion now provides for mobile homes and mobile home parks. Legisla- tion is pending, with good chances of enactment, which would extend the housing programs of the Farmers Home Administration to mobile homes. It was a natural consequence of this evolution of the mobile home as part of the housing industry that the President's Commission on the Vietnam Veteran would include the principle of H.R. 16710 and H.R. 16761 in its recent recommendations to the President. We will now address ourselves to some of the details of the bills pending before the subcommittee. We endorse a $10,000 loan maximum as well as a 12-year maturity which we believe is adequate. However, we concur in the VA's recom- mendation that a 15-year amortization for that part of the loa.n attrib- utable to the site is reasonable. We note that the loan maximum is based on the reasonable value Qf the mobile home as established by the Administrator and that such would be based "on the manufacturer's invoice cost to the dealer and such other cost factors as he considers proper to take into account." We believe that this reference to "other cost factors" in H.R. 16761 is most important because only by con- sidering, for example, the dealer's normal profit on a unit, as well as other customary costs of setting up the home, would the program enable a veteran to obtain a mobile home with a very low downpayment. This, of course, is a major objective of the bill; and was a major result of the regular VA loan guarantee program which permitted no downpay- ment financing. We recommend against a minimum downpayment as would be re- quired in H.IR. 16710. However, we believe that in practice many lenders utilizing this program will require some downpayment de- pending on the income and assets of the veteran purchaser. Neverthe- less, the record of the non-downpayment provisions of the regular VA housing program attests to the fact that veterans recognize a moral equity in housing which they acquire under this program. The num- ber of veterans who have "walked away" from housing because they had no equity is almost infinitesimal. Some veterans of low income might not have the downpayment. They should not be denied an opportunity to acquire a mobile home. Subject to one change which we will mention subsequently in this statement, we recommend approval of the provision of both bills in- creasing the maximum loan by $3,000 or the reasonable value of the lot on which the mobile home is to be located, as determined by the VA, whichever is the lesser. In such cases the veteran would be the owner in fee of the lot and the VA-guaranteed loan, insofar as it related to the lot, would constitute a first lien on the land. In such cases the 30-percent limitation on the guarantee would be based on the com- bined loan amount. Assuming that $3,000 is sufficient to cover the cost of a lot and the necessary improvements, there may be some difficulty in cases involv- ing the "doublewides"; that is, where two mobile homes are brought together to constitute a house with living area and amenities com- parable to conventionally constructed housing. While we are not recommending that the maximum loan of a lot be increased to accom- PAGENO="0285" 3695 modate the "doublewides," we do recommend that the committee insert appropriate language in the committee report reflecting the intent of the Congress that the VA relax its present requirements sufficiently to accommodate the "doublewide" as a conventionally constructed home eligible for guarantee under the existing program. Certainly, a "doublewide" has lost some degree of the mobility which characterizes the single mobile home and it would be more reasonable to accommo- date it under the regular program. Nevertheless, we recommend that the language of H.R. 16761 be preferred by the subcommittee. Here the $13,000 is fixed as the maxi- mum combined loan for a mobile home and a lot. However, the VA could increase this maximum by an amount "appropriate to cover the cost of necessary site preparation." We believe that this added flexi- bility is necessary because of varying costs of site improvements. We endorse the provision in H.R. 16761 which would permit a veteran to use the benefits of this program for a used mobile home pro- vided such mobile home had previously been used as security for a VA-guaranteed loan. In time, after the VA has acquired experience with mobile homes, it may find no difficulty in placing used mobile homes on the same basis as new ones, as is the case with conventionally constructed housing. However, for the time being certainly there should be no objection to a used mobile home that had previously been purchased under this program. We also recommend that the legislation, which we hope will be ap- proved by the committee, include language extending the direct loan program to mobile homes. Financing the acquisition of a mobile home, particularly in rural nonfarm areas, may at times prove difficult. The VA should have the discretion to make direct loans available in such cases. We note that under section 4 of H.R. 16761 the VA would require prior approval of any loan prior to loan closing. On the other hand under the basic VA home loan program, automatic guarantee is ac- corded any loan made by a lender which is subject to supervision and examination by an agency of the United States or any State. Certainly, this automatic guarantee should be extended to mobile homes in order to expedite processing of loan applications. Also, because many non* supervised lenders have engaged in mobile home financing for many years, we recommend that the VA Administrator have the discretion to approve certain lenders for automatic guarantee. We note that H.R. 16710 provides for automatic guarantee of such loans and we recom- mend that this language which appears in the proposed section 1810 (a)-(sec. 4 of the bill)-be incorporated in any bill approved by the subcommittee. However, lenders should be approved by the VA. as qualified to originate and service such loans. Mr. BARING. Thank you very much, Mr. DeYoung. Mr. Humphreys, did you have anything to add? Mr. HIJMPHREYS. I have nothing additional to add to that, Mr. - Chairman. M. BARING. One question which bothers me and I wonder if you can inform us. I am from the West, as you know. Eighty-six and a half percent of the land in Nevada is .public land. I am also chairman of the Public Lands Subcommittee on another committee of the House and serve on the Public Land Review Commission. PAGENO="0286" 3696 Across the country do you have any information as to whether these homes would stand up under building codes? I don't know. Mr. DEYOUNG. Presently the indus1~ry is busy trying to have adopted in the codes in each State provisions which would make it mandatory that mobile homes going into these States comply with the American Standards Association 119.1 regulations. These code restrictions also have been written into the FHA. title I legislation, and it is also in the bills before the Farmers Home Loan Administration. Mr. BARING. I am glad to have that information. I would not want to have problems on these homes because these people are particular about these homes coming up to standard and meetrng the code requirements. Mr. DDYOUNG. These standards are being lived up to by all manu- facturing members who belong to the National Manufacturers Asso- ciation, and this is something they formulated as a regulating body for themselves 10 years ago. They have continually upgraded these and added other provisions. This is something the industry will try to police themselves on continually. Mr. BARING. Mr. Roberts? Mr. ROBERTS. No questions. Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. DeYoung, do most of the manufacturers belong to the national association? Mr. DEYOUNG. By number I would have to say no in that probably we are taiking about 20 or 25 percent of the manufacturers by num- ber. However, the manufacturers who belong to the manufacturers association represent 70-plus percent of the mobile homes constructed in the United States. Mr. DUNCAN. Why do not the others belong to this organization? Mr. DEYOIT&G. This is a good question. Mr. DUNCAN. Is membership based on the size of the company? Mr. DEYOUNG. No, membership is based strictly on application by the manufacturer to join this. There are dues requirements and there are requirements tha.t these mobile homes be built in accordance with the codes adopted and policed by the association. There is a require- ment that they buy a seal to put on that mobile home stating that it is built to these standards. Mr. DUNCAN. Requirements are not so strict that it would prevent a small manufacturer from belonging to the association? Mr. DEYOUNG. In our estimation they are not, no. Some smaller manufacturers may feel that the added cost of belonging to the na- tional association is something they do not want to add into the cost of their product. Mr. DUNCAN. Do most of the smaller manufacturers come up to these standards to which you refer, the American standards? Mr. DEYOITNG. The majority do. Mr. DUNCAN. There would be nothing to keep them from selling a mobile home if they meet all the American standards written into the regulations? Mr. DEYOUNG. Until they did comply it would keep them out. You would not have a way of knowing whethet tknt particular home did comply unless it was built by one of the manufacturers association members. PAGENO="0287" 3~97 However, with the present situation 17 States have now written this standard in as a State Housing Code for mobile homes, and our association, as is the National Manufacturers Association, is very ac- tive in promoting the passage ~n each and every State in the Union of this code. It will come to pass within the next year or two that they will have to build up to it, anyway, in order to sell it. It is very incon- ceivable that a manufacturer in Georgia could build a home which did not meet the code requirements and expect to sell it in Alabama which does have the code. It is becoming quite an issue right now that they really have to build up to this code whether or not they belong to the association. Mr. DUNCAN. Do you have a percentage figure or an estimate which would indicate the number of people who would own their lot in relation to those who put their home in a park? Mr. DEYOTJNG. This has to be a thumb sketch because I do not think there are any statistics developed on it, but I would say today less than 50 percent of the mobile homes are located on private land or out of parks. The trend has been for the last 5 or 6 years to more and more require that mobile homes be put in parks. This has been the attitude taken by most municipal subdivisions, townships, and so on-that they have regulated against having mobile homes on individual sites. Mr. DUNCAN. Is this in large cities or small cities? Mr. DEYOUNG. More so in large cities. The few that are sold and placed on private land are for the most part in smaller communities, adjacent to small communities. Mr. DUNCAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. BARING. Mr. Roybal? Mr. ROYBAL. I have no questions. Mr. BARING. Mr. Edwards? Mr. EDWARDS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. On page 3 you mention the dealer's normal profit on a unit. What would be the dealer's normal profit on a $10,000 sale? Mr. DEYOUNG. This would have to be an average, but it could run anywhere from $600 to $1,200. Mr. EDWARDS. What would the manufacturers' established profit to the dealer be, that is, the wholesaler? Mr. DEYOUNG. On a $10,000 retail sale- Mr. EDWARDS. Wholesale from the manufacturer to the dealer. Mr. DEYOUNG. How much profit would the manufacturer make on this? Mr. EDWARDS. Yes. Mr. DEYOUNG. Most of the manufacturers are running in the 5 to 7 percent range on profit. ~Mr. EDWARDS. We are talking about 5 percent of $10,000. Mr. DEYOUNG. That is right Mr. EDWARDS. So we have a. joint profit on a $10,000 sale for the manufacturer and then the dealer of somewhere around $2,000. Is that correct? Mr. DEYOUNG. It would probably be somewhat less than $2,000, nearer to $1,500. Mr. EDWARDS. What is the experience of your members regarding foreclosures? I refer to where the bank gives a chattel mortgage on a mobile home. How many foreclosures have there been? PAGENO="0288" 3698 Mr. DEYdUNG. This has changed by the year. Today the reposses- sion rate, which is the word used in the industry rather than fore- closure, is very small. If you gentlemen are interested in this the manufacturers associa- tion has a division of finance companies, financial interests and the banks belong to a division of the manufacturers association, and they put a booklet out and gathered the statistics on the repossession rate every 2 years. I am sure that if you would like copies of their latest publication on repossession rate we can make these available for you. Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. Chairman, I would appreciate having one of these booklets, a most recent one, if Mr. DeYoung would be so kind as to furnish it. Mr. BARING. Very well. The committee would appreciate having it if you can supply us with one. Mr. DEYOTJNG. That is fine. (The data requested was furnished by Mobile Homes Manufactur- ers Association and is included at the conclusion of testimony presented by that organization.) Mr. DEYOUNG. It may be of interest to some of you, and I am sure it will be. At the request of Mr. Dervan of the VA we have had a dealer in various sections of the country, nine of them all together, I believe, who has submitted these, and we are collecting them in Mr. Humph- reys' office. He will present these to Mr. Dervan sometime the first of the week. These are concise histories of a sale, including all the financ- ing arrangements, and so on and so forth, and how a dealer actually goes about selling a mobile home from the time they walk on the lot to actually turning over the keys and moving in. We have these from various sections of the country. These may prove to be of interest to you, also, actually seeing what the sale of a mobile home is. Mr. EDWARDS. It would be helpful, Mr. DeYoirng. (Mr. David J. Humphreys, Washington Counsel for Mobile Hous- ing Association, submitted the following data. Names of individual purchasers are deleted.) MOBILE HOUSING AssoCIATIoN OF AMERICA INC., Chicago, Iii., July 22, 1970. Mr. OLIVER MEADOWS, Staff Director, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, Cannon House Office Building, Washington, D.C. DEAR Mn. MEADOWS: Forwarded herewith as the Committee requested at the hearings on legislation to allow VA loans for mobile homes last week are five complete histories of the sale of a mobile home. These statements have been compile~i by MHA members in Florida, Minnesota, New Hampshire,. Oklahoma, and South Carolina, thereby showing you the procedures in several different areas in the country. We hope that this information will be helpful to you. Should you need addi- tional information or clarification on what is given, please call on us. l~Tery truly yours, DAVID J. HUMPHREYS Enclosures. SELLING A MOBILE HOME The sale of a mobile home requires much time, technique, patience and per- sistence, more so than the sale of any other product for consumer use. It does so because it involves the sale of a multiple of products, services and needs in one package or purchase. Besides selling the home as a unit, there is also the furni- ture, the appliances, heating and cooling system, construction and building mate- PAGENO="0289" 3699 rials, plumbing, not to leave out the introduction to a new way of life, re-location, mobility, a financing program, insurance, service and warranty on the home and all equipment. It is also likely to represent the largest single purchase the indi- vidual or family has made to date, and may more often than not reflect the largest debt they have assumed in their lifetime. All members of the family become involved, including the children and in the case of newly-weds or young couples, parents, grandparents and in-laws often have their advice or influence to contribute. All of this plays a part in the final decision of where, when, how and what to buy. Generally, direct door to door solicitation outside of the dealers location or dis- play area is not practical and outside contracts are limited to foll~w-up of leads and appraisal of trade-ins. Hence the average dealer carries on an advertising program to bring the prospects to his display area. Here then are twenty to forty different models, sizes and floor plans for the prospect to inspect and con- sider. This becomes an extremely complex decision for many, since the prospect may visit many dealerships and display areas and look at three, four and even five hundred units if he is so minded and can physically "make the rounds." On the other hand he may seek the advice of friends, read articles and publica- tions concerning mobilehomes and mobile living, and visit only a few dealers before making his purchase. He may have first selected his dealer on the basis of his experience and reputation and rely on this one dealer to help him select the home that best suits his need and purse. Many forms of advertising are used in the industry today. Newspaper (both classified and display), radio, television, billboard and direct mail all are popular. Our dealership uses a combination of two or three of these at different times. Television is favored in the winter time and radio in the summer months. Some dealers advertise sizes, price and terms. We prefer to advertise the advantages of mobile living and our experience and reputation in the community. The prospective buyer has many opportunities to shop. While there is no standard, dealers generally keep their displays open long hours, often including Sunday or Sunday afternoons so that there is a time to shop regardless of the individuals' work schedule. When a prospective buyer and his family drives up to our sales display area, they are greeted by a salesman. After introductions and the usual name ex- ol~anges, we like to determine the prospect's needs as to size, based on use and family size. Also we like to know the approximate amount of money they can spend or size of the investment they can or wish to make. If a cash purchase, the total price limit, if a term buyer then the amount of down payment and limit of monthly payments they can pay. Their profession or business and income can help to determine their potential and are important things to know. It is also good to know if they have already inspected other mobilehomes, and what their individual preferences might be as to floor plan arrangements. Do they prefer front kitchen, front living room, one bath, two baths, end kitchen, side kitchen, or one of a half dozen decors. All of this is a must if the sales person is to be effective in assisting the prospect to make the best possible purchase in terms of convenience, comfort and security. Many times this information is hard to draw out and may have to be picked out, a bit here and a bit there, while the prospect is taken from one mobilehome to the next without any real sense of direction. Once the prospect's basic needs and budget are determined and only then, the salesman is ready to help the buyer make his choice. There may he a number of models that fit his category and here experience, salesmanship, con- struction features, decor furnishings etc. and play an important part in the final selection. When the "I like this one best" has been accomplished, the purchase plan be- comes the objective. Here add-ons, sales tax, insurance, fees, finance charges etc. are all important in that they comprise a part of the total purchase price. Interest and insurance rates become extremely important because the average buyer is primarily concerned with monthly payments, down payment and total obligation. Delivery procedures, dealer service and warranties, set-up costs, trade-in appraisals all must now be considered beforea final close is accomplished. Sometimes all of this takes place on the first visit and other times there are many interviews or discussions over a period of months, before all matters are resolved and the sale is consummated. Tlsually financing arrangements, and approvals can be made in a matter of hours, and final unit make-ready and delivery completed within twenty four to forty eight hours from the time of approval. The buyers preferred time for delivery can usually be honored whether it be immediate or at a later date. 48-2540 - 70 - 19 PAGENO="0290" 3700 Mobilehomes offered for sale in this area are generally in a price range of $3000 to $9000. Price is determined largely by the size of the unit, by the con- struction and materials, and by the furnishings, appliances and equipment, in quality and number. Minimum furnishings could be beds, sofa and chair, dinette, range and standard refrigerator, while the maximum could include several com- plete bedroom suites, four and five piece living room suites, dining room suites in- cluding buffet and hutch, freezer-refrigerator, dishwasher, disposal, and washer and dryer. Sizes vary from 36 to 65 feet in length and 12 feet in width. Two and three bedroom models are the most popular in this area, but a few one bedroom and four bedroom plans are being sold, the latter of course only in the larger units. The number of baths goes all the way from one full bath per home to one and one-half baths, two full baths and even two and one-half baths. Room loca- tions vary and many plans are available although models with kitchen at the front end are still most popular in this area. Financing is available with terms up to ten years but most of our contracts are for 84 months. Down payments accepted are as low as 10% of the purchase price, but our firm prefers to finance with banks and down payment require- ments here are 15% and more: We have a flexible interest rate which allows us to reduce the interest rate to encourage larger down payments. For example, a down payment of 25% or more could earn a reduction of ~ to 1% on the interest rate from the current 7% add on rate. Insurance is written for the term of the contract but not to exceed seven years, regardless of the length of the contract. A typical transaction could look something like this: Selling price _._ $6, 250. 00 4 percent sales tax 250. 00 - 6, 500. 00 Down Payment (-) 921. 00 u~otal 5, 579. 00 Physical damage insurance 414.00 Doe. stamps, filing fees, etc______. _._-_ ~__ 7. 00 To be financed____ __ 6,000.00 Interest 2, 939. 28 Amount of note__.__-__ - - $8, 939. 28 84 monthly payments at $106.42. Annual percentage rate 12.15 percent. Our cash customers receive the same services and consideration as the term buyers, and selling prices are the same to all. Only the total cost to the buyer is less when payment is in cash. Local banks are making direct loans to indi- viduals on mobilehomes, but in most instances the term and advances are so limited that the average buyer cannot be benefited by this arrangement With the dealers re-course or repurchase contract even local banks are willing to provide more liberal and extended financing. The mobilehome industry has a great future and is in a position to assume responsibility for providing much of the nations low-cost housing need, and as we place more emphasis on liveability and less on mobility we are able to pro- vide an even greater portion of the demand "comfortable low-cost homes." and "instant living." RESUME OF TYPICAL MOBILE HOME SALE The following is a typical sale to a widow, taken from a recent actual record of sale. Our organization has been in business for nine years, and involved in direct sales to consumers for the past seven years. A large percentage of our sales go into our own mobilehome park and a large precentage of our sales are custom built units. Our custom built units may be as simple as a specific standard home, but with color choices and simple options to suit our customer's satisfaction. In hopes to give a complete history of a sale, I will give background of our company starting with our advertising and customer presentation procedures, followed through with the actual customer conference, proposal of the sale, arrival of the home to our lot and setup and delivery to the customer. Our company expends approximately $50.00 per home for advertising. -This is divided with some national advertising in a New England circulated magazine, but basically through local classified and classified display. The balance is PAGENO="0291" 3701 utilized through the use of some radio and open house presentations at mobile- home shows and county fairs. Our display of homes may be considered small, usually in the vicinity of 6 to 10 homes. We are paying floor plan interest at the rate of 91/2%, paid monthly to a New England bank. Our inventory turn over is approximately four times a year. Because of our climate it is necessary to keep our homes heated approximately six months of the year due to the chilly spring and fall. All homes are connected to electricity. Our display homes are ordered from the manufacturer with the options that we find customers in our area consider most desirable. Such things as storm windows, removable screens, gas water heaters, gun furnaces, double insulation in many cases are included in most homes displayed. Colors also are chosen according to the preference of the majority of the people viewing our models. This does necessitate sometimes special ordering for those who desire other than what the majority seem to like. Display models must be ordered from 0 to 8 weeks in advance of delivery. Upon arrival to our lot, they must be readied for display. Furniture must be unboxed and assembled, beds set up, tape and string removed from doors and appliances, closet doors hung and assembled, and then the unit must be blocked solidly so doors will operate properly and to prevent sway. Storm windows are usually in place, therefore in summer months these must be removed and replaced with screens. The inside of the home must be cleaned and vacuumed, bedspreads placed on beds, and other tidying up to make it pleasant and presentable to the potential customer. If time permits we service the unit further in a more permanent nature, such as checking for water leaks, checking furnace operation, and checking and adjusting if necessary win- dows and exterior doors. The total operation of readiness can involve from five to as many as ten man hours, depending on the condition of the unit received. Recently demand for tip-outs and expandos has increased, and setting this up involves an additional number of hours. A typical customer, after reading or hearing our advertising, or perhaps through word-of-mouth recommendation from previous customers, will arrive in our office generally without having called in advance. Our office is open 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. six days a week, and is closed Sunday. Appointments can be made for any other time that we are not available. Our typical customer, in this case Mrs. C., our receptionist greets her, and she (Mrs. C.) tells her she would like some information on mobilehomes. The receptionist takes the person's name and address which is noted on a customer contact card and then introduces the customer to one of our salesmen. The sales- man then has a short chat with her to determine what type of home, and if pos- sible what price category is desired. This eliminates showing homes that are not suitable. We try not to show more homes than necessary to give a general idea of what is available, because looking at too many soon becomes confusing to a customer. In this instance, Mrs. C. looked at three homes, in the two bedroom category, one priced at $0000., one at $8000. and also one of our deluxe homes at $13,000. After viewing these models, and becoming reasonably impressed with one in particular, we returned to the sales office. Mrs. C. took approximately one hour to look at homes, and at this time we answered typical questions as to type of heat, cost of heating, type of furniture, options available, colors and color options. At the sales office, Mrs. C. indicated she was interested, but she would like to think about it. She and her family who had accompanied her, left to discuss her plans. Later in the week, Mrs. C. called for another appointment for Sunday at 1:00 as this was the only time her son and daughter could come and she wanted them to be able to see what she bad in mind. This appointment was confirmed, and therefore in this case, it was necessary to go through almost the same procedure as previously in order to now cover everything that the family questioned. The decision was then becoming closer to cQnfirmation, as Mrs. C. and her family agreed what was best for her, thereupon returned again to the sale office, and this time proceeded to decide on exact options. Now an additional hour and fifteen minutes had been utilized in showing the home, in addition to the previous hour and a half spend in the sales office. The final conference took approximately one hour and fifteen minutes. On this particular sale it was decided that stand options that our company offers would prevail, such as oil-fired gun furnace, 30 gallon gas water heater, door bell, New England safety switch as required in many New England states for the safe operation of the furnace, Early American decor, removable screens and storm windows. Then Mrs. C. decided to omit all carpeting and have tile throughout the home, so credit was given for the carpet deletion. There was some PAGENO="0292" 3702 question as to the color of the tile, so special permission was given by the manu- facturer to install special rolled good throughout this home. This particular floor plan allows for a dryer so Mrs. C. decided to utilize it, this meaning that 220 wiring would have to be installed, also necessitating the need for a 100 amp panel to accommodate the extra requirements for the dryer. Then she decided she wanted a self-cleaning oven in her stove. Inasmuch as gas is standard in our homes, we had to convert to electricity as self-cleaning ovens in gas ranges, for some reason, are hard for us to obtain. Provisions were made for elimination of the standard furniture, sofa, chairs, coffee and end tables, dinette set, beds and bedspreads, which are normally included. In this particluar home, the built-in chests were also deleted. All these things confirmed, then comes the decision of colors; exterior, bathroom, kitchen and appliances are settled. At this time an "Agreement to Purchase" is drawn up and Mrs. C. makes a de- iosit of $1600. which is approximately 20% of the final purchase price, which was $8400. This retail price is arrived at by marking up the manufacturer's invoice or the projected cost by 133%, plus the addition of freight. Also at this time, Mrs. C. chose a lot that was attractive to her and available. This lot happens to be in the "retired" section of the park. Delivery date was agreed upon. It should be noted that between that time and the delivery date, Mrs. C. called the sales office three times to be reassured of things she had thought of later on. The two major parks in this particular area have an entrance fee of from, nothing in isolated cases, to as high as $500. This is a cost to the dealer. It should also be noted that this is relatively inexpensive compared to the cost of developing a lot for a mobilehome in an individual's own park. Mrs. 0's order was phoned to the manufacturer, confirmed in writing, with one return letter making an adjustment in the confirmation. Delivery date was established two weeks before Mrs. C. was to take occupancy. The home was delivered approxi- mately the time stated on the confirmation. Being a special home, the same time and details were necessary to set it up as were the display homes. The home was immediately put on the løt it was to be situated on, then blocked and made ready for occupancy. Blocking consists of placement of pillars of blocks at ap- proximately 6 to 7 feet along either side of the home underneath the frame, with wooden shingles and shims above the pillars or blocks to make the home level and to make a cushion between the cement and the steel. Water connections and sewer connections are made, a heat tape is wrapped around the water pipes to prevent freezing, along with insulation. Next electrical connections, and in this instance gas connections. The park has central gas and oil systems, other- wise it would be necessary to furnish an oil drum and connect to gas tanks. Steps are furnished with each home, but in this instance special ones were desired in addition. All other adjustments to doors, windows, etc. must now be made. The normal cost for setting up a home and adding skirting, which is required in most parks, would run approximately $250 for set up and an additional $200 for skirting materials and labor. In some instance there may be additional de- livery costs if the home is delivered from the sales site to another site. This wOuld normally cost from $50 to $75. Mrs. C.'s home is now ready for occupancy. Mrs. C. views her home, and hope- fully finds it acceptable. We will assume that Mrs. C. financed her home through our company with our source of financing. In that case all necessary papers have been prepared-Times sales contract, two 1500 forms and a Bill of Sale. These are signed by the customer and she is given the necessary copies. We skipped one very important step if a home is to be financed. At the time the sales agreement is confirmed, a credit application must be made out and phoned in to the bank for approval. If not approved, all money deposited will be returned. If approved, we proceed to complete delivery. After Mrs. C. signs papers, the con- tract and 15CC forms are mailed to the bank, and she will later receive a coupon book for payment, a copy of the contract, and we the dealer also receive our copy of the contract. Our participating bank will buy from us for 5% add-on according to our agreement on any new contracts, and 6% add-on for used con- tracts. Our charge to the customer is usually 1% additional. This money is set aside for us, and we do not have use of it until it is in excess of 10% of the unpaid amount in our account. This money is held and utilized in case of re- possession. Our company is on assignment on all contracts, which means after repossession by our financing source and the cost of repossession is born by them, we will take the unit for the balance at that time and re-sell it. Most all con- tracts arranged by us, include insurance. Fire and comprehensive and in many PAGENO="0293" 3703 instances liability. These are added into the financing of the mobilehome, or added into the unpaid balance so the total is financed. Now we will assume the sale is consummated. The money has been returned from the bank or finance source, we now have the total $8400 purchase price of this home in our possession. At this time our salesman would receive his com- mission for the sale of this home, which is 20% of the difference between the cost of the manufacturer's invoice plus freight of $350, and the selling price of $8400. I will try to give a breakdown of costs as clearly as possible. This home sold for $8400. The invoice on the home was $6112, leaving a profit figure before freight of $2288. Subtracting the cost of freight of $350 leaves $1938. This is the figure used to figure the salesman's commission. From this $1938, we would subtract $250 approximate set up cost, $200 skirting cost, $25 estimated cost of preparation (setting up furniture and cleaning), and an approximate average cost of $50 per home for advertising, $388 for commission to the salesman, and a $500 entrance fee to the park, leaving to the dealer without executive or office costs, a profit of $520. We have not made allowances for this cost. We also must realize that the cost of follow up service will have to be absorbed in this net profit. This follow up service many times is backed up by the manufacturer's guarantee, but our company finds that many times it will cost us from $50 to $100 that is not always chargeable hack to the manufacturer. To the best of my ability, this is what is involved specifically in the sale of a mobilehome. Though I label it as "typical", each mobilehome sale is an in- dividual sale, and has individual requirements, so there really is no "typical". Records can show that this sale was consummated in the months of June and July, possi'bly extending into August before final completion, in the City of Keene, State of New Hampshire. HISTORY OF THE SALE OF THE MOBILE HOME The entire process of much work, studying, planning, and action comes to a head when the customer comes to the Mobile Home dealer's sales lot. The salesman interviews the customer to decide what type of home to show him: how many bedrooms, what decor, what size which is usually dictated by the amount of times moved during the year, and how much the customer plans to invest in the home. After selecting the size and floor plan and if he wants washer- dryer or air conditioning, the customer can select his own furnishings from the furniture selection in our warehouse thereby enabling him to custom-design the interior of his own home. When the price is agreed upon, the payments are computed monthly at ap- proximately 13% annual interest factor and can include, at. the buyer's' option, insurance on the home and on his life. The term of the contract is usually 5 to 10 years in length and can be financed at from 80% to 90% of `the selling price. The order is completely filled ou't and credit application is taken. It is phoned in to the finance company and they make the decision whether the customer's records are proper enough so that `they will finance the home. This process takes only a few hours. After finance company approval on the contract, the home is taken from stock and put in our shop for complete check-out. There it undergoes a period of examination for proper electrical, gas, plumb- ing, `and mechanical operations. While this is going on, the buyer is out selecting a park space to put his home. When he selects his space, he notifies the salesman that sold him the home who in turn turns the work order over to the service department, who schedules it for delivery, buys the oversize permit to haul it on the highway, and ultimately delivers it to the spot which the buyer has chosen. There the service department completes all the connections water, electrical, sewage, and properly blocks up the home for stability and levelness. At this time, another final check is made to be sure thaat everything is in working condition and the customer is properly informed as to the operation of the certain appli- ances in the home. This involves about 4 to 6 hours work on the site. The next thing that the dealer does, is to take the contract to the finance company where he gets the balance of his money. I have been in the Mobile Home' business for 13 years here in Oklahoma~ and am a lifelong resident of this community. PAGENO="0294" 3704 Dear Sir: We were asked by Edward R. DeYoung, President of the Mobile Housing Association of America, Inc. to send you information on the History of a Mobile Home Sale. This information follows in outline form so as to make it easier to read: HISTORY OF A MOBILE HOME SALE 1. The customer is attracted to our lot by one or ~t combination of the following methods: 1. Advertising-newspaper, radio, television; 2. Referred by a former customer: 3. Shopping every dealer in town. 2. When the customer arrives at the sales lot, he should be qualified as to his needs and abiilty to pay before showing him the mobile homes. See Jenkins Form 710 for sample of questions needed to be answered. 3. An agreement must be made on the following items: a. size of mobile home; b. floor plan; c. selling price; d. down payment; e. monthly payments; f. colors, fabrics, furniture; g. other additions. 4. Locate a mobile home park for the customer. The following items are a definite consideration in the final decision: a. monthly rent; b. entrance fee, if any; c. outside work required (awnings, carports, drive, etc.); d. park restrictions as to pets, children, etc.; e. general location and 4esirability of park. 5. Locate financing for the customer. The rate and availability of financing depend upon the following: a. amount of down payment. If the customer has 25% down payment, financing is very easy through local banks at 6% add on rate, rovided he has good credit. b. As the dawn payment decreased to 10%, which is the minimum, the banks become more selectve and watch a person's credit more carefully. The add-on rate at this point is 7% and 8%. c. It is difficult to finance yong copies, who have little to pay down and and have little credit experience. Many times you have to call a number of banks before you can find one who is willing to accept the contract. Ap- proximately 20% are refused credit by all banks. d. The maximum term of the contract is dependent upon the cost of the mobile home. On less expensive units, the maximum is 7 years. As the cost increases, the term can go to 10 years. e. The terms or down payment and monthly payment must fit within the budget of the customer. 6. When an agreement is reached on all items, a sales order is prepared. See Form 100, Jenkins Mobile Home Printer. All spaces should be completed. This protects the customer and the dealer. 7. If the mobile home was not in stock or the customer wanted extensive changes made, the unit must be ordered from the factory. At this point, a pur- chase order must be prepared for the unit and what changes are to be made by the manufacturer. 8. The mobile home must be tested by the dealer to see that all appliances, water and sewer system, electrical system, workmanship, etc. is in working order and in good condition. The unit is washed and delivered to the mobile home park. 9. The park set up may be easy or difficult, depending upon the conditions in the park. In some cases, the dealer hooks up the utilities but other cases, this must be done by a licensed plumber or electrician. The mobile home must be properly blocked and on a solid set of piers or foundatiton of some design. 10. Before the customer moves into the unit, all contracts must be signed and any balance due should be paid. The title must be transferred and the license PAGENO="0295" 3705 tag obtained. The contracts must be sent or taken to the banks. When these items are complete, the customer has a home and the sale is complete. 11. Warranty Service. This is an expensive part of the sale but a most neces- sary one, if the customer is to remain satisfied. Many times, the cost of the service exceeds any other single cost. Although many dealers will laugh off a scratched panel or hand a bucket of roof cement to the customer to repair a leak, we do not fall within this class. Although the coach is warrantied by the manufacturer, they take weeks and sometimes months to send a serviceman. The responsibility basically falls on the dealer as far as the customer is concerned and lie wants his service now. 12. Markup. We like to maintain an average markup of 25%. Some of the larger units allow us to work on less. Where trade-in trailers are accepted, this is a must because the recondition costs are high and the trade in must be delivered. 13. Costs are very hard to determine without a job order cost system. No dealer that I know has one in operation. Since the servicemen are working in many areas, time clocks cannot be used and costs properly charged to the account of a particular trailer. For this reason, we use a standard cost system and com- pare the costs with the actual cost to determine the efficiency of each operation. Our budgeted figures are as follows for the service, delivery and warranty of new and used mobile homes: 10-wide units $200 12-wide units $300 Expandable units $375 Double-wide units $500 At present some of our branches are within the budget and some are over budget. These costs do not include the sales, office or management staff or depart- ments, who spend considerable time when their costs are divided on an equal basis. PAGENO="0296" 3706 894 5105 N C. ~ 100] SALES CONTRACT 3939 4th St. - St. PetetsbuFg, FIa. - -- - _____.S~_ -- / - -- - - CUSTOMER MAY CHOOSE PERSON FROM WHICH INSURANCE IS OBTAINED. . INSURANCE COVERADE ~ --- .--.-----. -. -. CUPT US SMCTWM EFI(TW c-IUT 5 `1 _______________ ~ FIRE AND THEFT - C~. ~k~L.#C~ T CT-UT PA~IU _______________ 1 FIRE AND THEF~ -- ICT~Ei-EIO I [i PEHISCN/I EFFECTS PSI I.:,EIUHOEE:-...EU _______________________ UOh _____ ___ - -- -- _______ -- ... :.. S 0 . R.111 CQVEHAIiUS UU__.. ~ SUE-TOIL. :` T~_c.ETAT.EEcE___ .$ ~-.J-,9 c-v 555 2. LESS TOTAL CREDITS : ~T~U ~ INSURANCE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR BODILY INIJEY OR PROPERTY 3.GNPAtDBALANCE OF CASH SALE PRICE -I~AI~ 7 ~-UT/ DAMAGE TO OTHERS IS NOT INCLUDES IN THIS TRANSACTION. ~ I. C~-J,s SIN ~ . . . (UT UTI. . . $ ~ - ~( TOTAL OTHER CHARGES (-b-.J.. A . .-R $ 7g3.E.'CI I ` 5' S UNPAID BALANCE-AMOUNT FINANCED 3 -Al 4 L' 6. FINANCE CHARGE S~"~-~ ~ f I . .~. 7. ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PATE ~ .0. TOTAL OF PAYMENTS (5 - E; P~y~lp .L~ IN : Ii REMSOAKS (EI-TU-/ - ~-J-.~~sU. Inc. will not ~nurne ~y THROUGH /54,- /5/5 ~, ~ /5 ~ / expense on EJOCITInsI Or PIutnb1(~hrk IT IS MUTUALLY UNDERSTOOD THAT THU RGTTTMENT' I5 SUBJECT DO :.~. ... .. - I BALANCE CARRIED TO OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT S - GIAJR L.R131_L.L.R3UER, JR APPLICABLE. B - JR DE TOO BE PAD_.~RNNAEPTRCEHTUPTRBT~/ C. J STOLL INC. I, CR WE. HEREBY RCKNCWLECCE RECEIPT OF A COPY OF THIS ORDER UT S~I,d LRs~SN-~ U::~M,-~,A~ O~-~l ._~CEULTJ S!GNEDX_____________ / t-~ /. .~ APCUT~ S/NMI5JH~~ ~J~J SIGNEDX TARCYUIIR FORM 100 PAGENO="0297" 3707 Thi ~ :~m~ ~ ifl?- t~ ~~)r( (hO~ ~ l-)(*,th attics No c!~anzes ~ermittcd ! * - AEM~ITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS ~ It i~ f~~th~ ~ ~ ~ ~!) ~ ~ Th~ ~ `,~ ~ ~ k `~ ~ ~ t ~.. 1!I~i~r ~ ~ I Jt~ ~ ~I 1~ h. ~ ~~`t *.U~ ~ ~ . Th~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i h ~ I h~T~ ~f ~ ~ th ith~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .t~ ~ ~. ~ ~i ~ ~ ~ ~ `~ .*h ~` ~` `~ ~ ~ * .~f t!~~ i ~ ` h ~ ~ d .I~ ~ i ~. .1 d ~ ~ ~ ) ~ .~. bIh ~ *i~- . .~ ~h!~1e t~ hi~ ~ ~ ~ `~-~ ~ ~i; ~ ~ ~ ~~~(([) t .~ ~th~!\~ ~()t(d ~ ~ ~ 1 thk ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .h~t ~ f ~ k~d ~ ~ ~ `~` ~ * i(* (`~ ~ t~~d((l (~ ~ h~(~ I~i1~' ~~(1 Sh~~!~(! ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ . ~ ~ t:~~ ti~~ d(~~~() J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .3 ~ S~I ~ ~` ~ hi~ ()ph()~ p~y tF~- ~ ~ I ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~` ~ ~ ~p()~) J( ~ ~ SJk~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ h ~ t~ h ~ .k~ t~~t ~ ~` th~ h!I~h~~ ~d ~d h~&~ ~-ith th ft ~ ti .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I~1 2 II ~ ~ ~ ~ `~` ;~ ~t(~~d (~ h ~ d ~ ~ p1. ~ ~ th~~ ~ ~ i~ ~~`hkh thiS ~ i~ ~ P~~h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ci ~ b~ p~t t ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~; th ~ ~ P ~C ~ ~~II p~ S~!I~ h~ ~ ~ ~ tl~~)1 ~ ~ I c~Ii~ ~ ~ ~ pn)~. th~ ~ ~(~t() h( ~ ~ t~ 1 ~.l ~ ~ ~ ~ h~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \`~t h th~ ~ ~ff~t ~ ~ h ~ ~_h~d~d 3 If th ~ ~ ~ (~~)!~~) ~ ~ ~ ~)t J~t~'~[~(l to th(~ ~ ~t h~ ~ f ,~i,I ~ ~ 1 ~ , ~ ~ ~ t ~pp~s th~* d~k~ th~ ~ h(~~ ~ h `:~ ~d, ~ h~ f~i~hi~~ ~ ~~((($$()~ ~ ~th(~ ~)f ~ j~ t~ ~ ~ ~ ph)'~.~ ~ ~ d~k~ ~h~!1 hot, hoe-o- the ttoht ttt oCtkt -` oo'_Cppooti Thtt Ioto-o typt tttl o'oIoo ill hot dotoettoto the olloo' tote to ho ototfo' to',oo 1' ittod to-lee, toobile- boo-to othec o-ohiok Upot f:ol otto Ito tolot.ti of ho- p tt 1 coo to oooopkte told p `tO hoto oo'itho-o 30 doyt of 000tcoot doto-, to to ooioeed coo-co otheocof foe 00 otto-oct 00 tO"o-OO'O to poke) the toot topoott oooy h too sooh `ottioo of to tot;t-o,d o'ti' to-too-boo-to ho- doolot- lot e `otto-, .tod oohoo looteo toolodtog ttoooo-y foot oootoooot-d by pooohooeft ftoiooe to oootpiete sod pooh.ooo lo th eoeo t osed toe. ooohoiohooo hot ho-to t hoo to tootfo, the potohtoot hotoho oothoo,,ot the dooke to tell sold ptopooty, ot pohlto oo otto 000 sole, tod to dedoot feotoo the peooeed t tho-teo f oqoo to ho- eopootot tod lotoot ioootted, ot toffoted, by ho- deolet by toitoCCo of -ott h.oet's foilotee to ooo-pbete the to-otto, to-Co Do.oit o oh,it it,t o' ,,ii ti,o ti-i-Cs of o to'ltoo, opoto ho,, it of 0000-tot, oodot (Ct' Ott,,,,,, C''C''CC C k (`do `its ot bo o-ifo- `,ofot Aot (itt .COCf'iCCChIC (Coo-C, ICCi ICC' Co-Cl CCOC,C,Ot of I CtiCCCd.OCCJ Ci.CCC',CCCO tfC,Cii COO o-,tod t0000y (2CC' 1 `- CC'' `it' to-h toit, poto- 5. o-otoooo tootoeo, hot ho tto-ht to yoke Coy oltotogtt to ho- oooofoi, 0,0 thC d,-t,,o,oo Ce toy oooeotoeiet ood CCC" -; oo~ oohteqoeotcoeo toe etoholo-hoo,o, .0 Co( t,CCCO `t'tthooo oee,o-o,oo to ohio,o-otioo too ft, p,tot of oithot the deolot oo ho- t000o000too'o',o oooi.o- ooeest,oodootg ohottyes to the o°itttot Ott CCCt' l'tlo'i-C0CCO tot' C hod itod ttCto'OtC f hC ito tttttot `bitt, hot',ot' C,, CCCh', CCitCt-ot Ott, ttoioooo-t f OCC.C, 0 -_ `C'CO `C, 010 (C.ChOtO' Do-obo-o thou toot f'o- tooblo foo- tfo-i tot tooted by ho- ooooCCfoototo-t, ,oooidooto. ,000,ot Otto-c cc ooy othoo oooto f'o~oo,d 0.'- DISCt .ftMrlt (OF t~lPLlFl) i-f' \tlff.-fNTY. 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The solloo spooifioolt~- totktt OCt ,t,tootoo~- to to ttteo-ohtetttot(j tt' too of its fttttots ott' `tot- ptooptose. ___________________ ______________________ Ott ooo tootts (to- ot.too-~tko~tttoot' s toto 0 t000etttty- stilt itpplf, tCtgotheo tttolt tCtt ft otheo sepoo-toe oott ittfio ttlt,ol `toooottties of the ooeioos ssotho-ec tO Itt- ,t,tottCtC to .oto,l o-t~tt,p oootto fttoott'tltett itoh o'ttl ho ftto itt ttto 0 (ooot001 ott toto ood ttill oottot Otto h tto,tgt,- .ts it `~-o't tfto:titt' t'o-,otlioed to cooh 5t'pCtOOOo' 00 tOo-Ott to-ti CCC to(tit(t ho lotCtoo t s otttooood, TIto pt~otfto-too (tto-tttot' o-op o'oto'otoo ho- (tot t-o,o,oit,etf (Co itottofttot ood fotCoti it stto'tohtt, Otto (ott p.to-tiootoo toed,, thot Co'., otti ohot ho tttti toll to It,, ttt o CCC'iOo-t'o-t .Ctott ttotpo-tottoo ood otottto tot 0 ,tCo-,ttOot'. oopoott `to-itt, pltod, tto otto pooo -C' `C', - - ~0 ` 0.0 05 cot, ho oo~ooostl'- to otott'o hoot-to, tOOt -C sop.'oo,tOC ot'toitog,,,ttho-tf,otottf pttooft.too. to is fototheo to000d ho ~ ~,. - tootpio-t to ttottolol' tCtOtt CO o'o,tttlt'tO Co .t ptot ti A flood otto ottttiol `,t5 CO CtttitttCtt ttt,t0.tOOt to-tO ,C0O'Otttt - O.'itlto't' ottotooto',f to tttjoltt'tl, Ct ttt tOo tCtC',C'ttCtC' ` - C(~t `"C','' - C',' `00'' Ch000- of, ioolttd,oo-o Ott t~tCttttt - stttOot'iiCCt fttt lottOitCttt.. 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Premium on oontract__yaid separately Machine Slip No. _________Branch Involved Ins, to be written fur Mos. Name of Insurance Co.________________ _~JoIicy to start ________ Amt. of Premiuc cNarg~d - Coverage desired FTCAC "SI___________ Travel Trailer Coverage___________________________ CIODIT LtFE INFORMATiON APPLICATION FULL NASE OF APPLICANT _____________________________________________________________________ First Middle Last ___________________________________City State____________________ Place of Birth Date of birth Age______________ Occupation________ Effective Date _____________________________Termination Date Term_____________ Life Premium Original amt. of insurance ______________________________ First Beneficiary (creditor) Second Beneficiary (unless otherwiac stated: The Estate Of) I understand Life insurance is not to exceed $5,000.00 for a period not to exceed five years. The above information was given by me and is true and correct. SIGNED BY _____________________ ___________ (Name of Party in ~;sor:. c~~mrcge is to be written) Date above infornoiin was given and statement signed _________________________________________ (OVER) PAGENO="0299" 3709 lCD'6h~-55G-,d.rro,nFo,,~-. ..`.n,s~ `Tarepn 33609 ~ ~ 9 J<'~~±PLICATE Contract ~°~b' SECURITY AGREEMENT-RETAIL INSTALMENT CONTRACT MOTOR VEHICLE SALES The undersigned Seller hereby sells, and the undersigned Buyer or Buyers, jointly and seuera lly, hereby purchaselsi, sib ccl to tIe ¶e'ms and cortd:trons hereinafter set bOll, the lolluoung yroperny (oh:ch, together with any and oil replacements thereof and add't ons tecrelo. is here:n called the "property"). delircery and acceptance of which in good order are hereby acknooledged by Buyrr, oil: Year NO. Make - Body Type Model Number Manulacturer's Used Model Cyl Trade Name It Truck, Give Tonnage or Series Serial Ito. 1W ~ ~ ~TRA EQUIPMENT: ICheck or describe items included) Other: ~ ~ - - -_________ Aotomatic Transmission Power Steering 0 Power Brakes 0 Radio 0 HeaterL Air Cord:tioner 0 I. CASH eniCE l,rci'idieewcnssor.,s a *.tr~, it ace. and In..nl $ Ill 2, TOTAL DOWN FAYttLUt co.is.ot.rg ct C.r,tr Dune l'ayrrrnht B_____ Twd. in *llonanc. ~ Pay otl O&orc. 5 ____________ ____.~___.__.~__ Not Amount s. -- m - I - -~ ___ 4. INSURANCE i.mrchi'me orly p~ou,.erLerm'c~d,,eOnr Os controotl. consisting nI. . . . . . .~. ~ S -. 141 ~~::z:::~:~:: ~ D.duot,bl.CcAlu,orr Collision 1.t~,i~;c L:yn~.:~p~~iiY.c:Iwh.rslsnot,ncludsd $ ~ ~ $ 6 UNPAID BALANCE-AMOUNT FINA5cED odd `toms 3 4 *n~ 51 B--~-~-_-.16l * , *..*."*"* B-. .d $ $ - Cs) B. DEFERRED PAYMEnT en:cc lndd ~ 5 ned 71 5 ~ Ce no lndicnt.d .n spooc heico te09tOer ourS OALLOO N I'AYMTNT in ho *nsouet of $ ..* - . . -- -- , dun on._ . - ... - -- - . ~. 19_, If any instalment is not paid ss,th'n 10 days of :ts due date, Buyer shall pay to Seller a delinquency charge of 5% of eacft such instaletent or $5 00, whic0eoee is less Until all :nulalments and all other sums payable hereunder hace been fully paid Seller has and shaft retain title to and asecu dy Interest in the property All repairs to the property, and all equiyment, parts and access Ores placed on the property shall be at BAyer' 5 eeyrn',e anil shall constitute component parts of the proyerty. sublect to tIre terms of this Contract. The security sesteeest granted hereby shall also secure any and all other or future indebtedness and obligations of Buyer to Seller or Seller's assignee of this contract If more than one B aver s:gns this contract, their obligations hereunder are and shall be joint and seueral, and the term "Buyer" shall include each Buyer seoer.:lly. * Buyer has the right to pay in ,-riloanpe Ire full unp.sid balance of this contract and obtain a refund of the unearned port:oe of the fraange charge. The amouet of soch refund, after first deducting an acquisition cost ol $25 00 shall be based upon the "Sum of the Digits" method. Cfmok wcplc.br. bag D"tr.,iit Lit~ oyth.flfnof_,,._,,,,,,,.,_,,,,,,,,,,___ ~ -- Buyer understands and agrees that the additional agreements and provisions on the reverse side hereof, hereby In- corporated by reference, constitute agreements of the Buyer and a part of this contract. Notice to Buyer (A) Do not sign this contract before you read it or if it contains any blank spaces, (B) you are entitled to an exact copy of the contratt you sign, Executed in rtØtiple copies, and ~~r~,cknowledges that a fially completed~py wn~ nI.tieee.ei to ansi re-a'einasi he Rs,n.e Clots gigc ~ 10 PAGENO="0300" 3710 ~ INC. Installment Credit Work Sheet $ ~ $ ,32~ $ ~fA~ Customer_______________________________________________________ Date_____________________ 1. TOTAL SALES PRICE including extras & Florida Sales Tax /ffi~O $ ~(~u~'..~2.-'z; 2. DOWN PAYMENT 3. Trade In ____________ 4. Less Payoff ____________ 5. Net Allowance ____________ 6. Additional Cash ____________ 7. Total Down Payment ________________ 8. NET DIFFERENCE ________________ 9. T~c and transfer Fee ____________ 10. Prior Taxes Owed ____________ 11. Doc Stamps (Not to exceed l5~ per $100) ____________ 12. Other (Describe)____________________________ ____________ 13. Insurance F T &CAC.- ___________ ___________- Total of above _________________ 14 BALANCE TO FINANCE $ 5 $ ~ $ g~i.~-~' rio. S I~7(~ $ ~ 15. V. S. I. 16. Credit Report 17. Other (Itemize) - 18. Total Additional Charges 19. TOTAL (Compute Life and Finance on this amount) Ccntract (Months) Amount of Line 19 Life S___________ $ ~~-z/.~_-~ / z-~~ Approx. Finance Contract Payment z~ /~~-~`` 2-~ 21. TOTAL _________ ~ ~T2~Y2 2~ /~/~7?- - 22. Total Other Charges (Line 18) ___________ 23. Life Insurance, IF REQUIRED ___________ 2~. Life Insurance, If Deleted __________ Do Not Use minunce Charges and Contract ~ z-v~ _________ Compute Separately 26. A P C (Annual Percentage Rate) ~ NOTE: THIS IS A SALES TOOL TO AID YOU IN PREPARING A SALES CONTRACT FOR A CUSTOMER. THIS FORM DOES NOT CONFORM TO FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND IS NOT TO BE GIVEN TO A CUSTOMER. ONLY THE SALES CONTRACT IS INTENDED FOR THIS USE. -- Annual Percentage Rate (a) Determine finance charges per $100.00 of unpaid balance Line 14 + Life ) Finance Charges (line 25 x 100) IF LIFE REQUESTED Line 14 ) Finance Charges (Line 25) x 100 If Life required or omitted (b) Turn to chart for number of months of contract to determine nearest Annual Percentage Rate. (c) Enter Line 26 on form and transpose all information to sales order or disclosure sheet for customer to sign and to give complete disclosure according to law. PAGENO="0301" 3711 CASE HISTORY OF A MOBILE HOME SALE On or about May 15, 1970 Mr. and Mrs. - of -, Minne- sota drove to our sales display lot at Albert Lea, Minnesota, a distance of 40 miles to look at new mobile homes. An addition to their young family rendered the 10 x 50 Pathfinder Mobile Home which they purchased from our firm on May 17, 19~35 a bit too small. On their initial visit we showed the about eighteen different model homes, all in the 14' wide category that we thought might fit their needs. As is often the case at our place of business no one house seemed to include all of the features that Mr. and Mrs. wanted in `their new farm home. A fre- quent occurance in the case of second time buyers. The customers quickly indi- cated that they were interested in a 14' x f18' home, the maximum size available on one under carriage in this market. This module constitutes 896 square feet of living space, the useable square footage being reduced by fact that dimensions of a mobile home include the extremities in length, hitch included. On this initial visit we took notes of -`s requirements as we proceeded from one model to the next and also made reference notes of the customers pref- erence in colors, panelling preferences, kitchen cabinet choices, ie Yorktown, Cownor, brands of appliances, etc. On return to our office we sketched a draft of a blue print from the Kenwood Home designed to the ~-`s specifications. Since the -s were trading their original home in we waived the usual requirement of a $250.00 cash deposit. We wrote an order for this home. Exhibit A. We forwarded our sketch and our notes to the Kenwood Mobile Home factory at Stratford, Wisconsin, 290 miles distance from our sales .facility. The pricing of this transaction per Exhibit B includes a mark up of 30% of the base price of this home with the freight and options added at cost. This approach *to pricing simplifies the transaction in the event that the customer decides to add or subtract options after house is initially priced out. This is both objective and fair to the customer and the dealer. On receipt of our correspondence the engineering department at the Kenwood Homes Plant prepared a construction blue print of the home and a specification sheet which was mailed to our dealership to be reviewed and confirmed by the s. This meeting took place on June 1, 1970. At that time all color selec- tions were finalized from samples we have in our sales office, exterior treatment, drapes, curtains, carpeting, panelling, appliance colors, bath fixture colors. etc. The print and confirmation sheet were then returned to the plant. Exhibit C and D. A review of the sales order indicated a cash difference of $7,489.75 plus sales tax on this transaction. To accommodate the s in financing this balance we drafted a full disclosure conditional sales contract on the American National Bank of St. Paul, Minnesota. Exhibit E, running over a period of ten years. The s completed a credit application for the bank at that time also, Ex- hibit F. The date on the conditional sales contract being coincident to the sched- uled date of delivery of the home, July 1, 1970. The disclosed rate of interest charged the -~-----s is indicated at 11.69% simple. We forwarded the credit application to the bank on that date. The s elected to finance a Creditors Life Policy on the life of -~ which pays on the gross balance of the contract. In other words the rule of 78 finance refund on the contract in the event of death would be paid the beneficiary in cash as well as paying the full net balance on the home. The s also purchased a three year physical dam- age home owners policy to be included on the contract, Exhibit G. This enabled them to change homes without having to come up with the cash for an insurance premium. Bank approval was called back the following morning, the `s home was scheduled for production the last week in June. On June 26th the plant advised us that the home was completed. We advised the s and scheduled a moving date with them on June 30th. For their convenience we advised them that we would not pick up their trade-in home for two days following delivery of the new home `to allow ample time for them to move. We scheduled our driver to pick up the home on June 29th. He was given a copy of the spec sheet to be certain their house conformed while at the plant, where minor errors if any, could be deleted and corrected. There were none. The home was delivered to the farm a distance of 290 miles. PAGENO="0302" 3712 On the morning of the 30th oUr service men, two in number in this instance, proceeded to the farm site, removed the trade-in house out from the stand, proceeded to block the new home, taking the weight off the wheels, using ap- proximately 60 concrete building blocks. Then proceeded to connect the water, sewer and electricity to the home an apply the heat tape and insulation to the water line to assure trouble free performance in the winter. The sale did not include skirting or steps, the latter of course were on hand from the previous home. After completing the installation, checking all appliances, putting up the furni- ture and detailing the home to the customers satisfaction the serviceman assists the customer in completing warranty forms provided by the appliance manufac- turer on the water heater, range, refrigerator and furnace and the reviews the Countryside Homes Warranty policy, Exhibit H. which covers the home for one year after delivery. On their trade-in the s were allowed $3,000.00. Considering the purchase price was $3,825.00 Exhibit I, five years earlier, mobile housing has proven very economical to them. With their next home now of a maximum size obsolescence which has plagued our industry through the formative years need not worry them. It should be recognized that the finance rate of 11.69 may on the surface seem high. As a package it is less expensive than financing a stand-still house in todays market. The effective simple rate on these dwellings with points amounts to 9%-furnishings usually amount to 1/3 more than the cost of the home which will finance short term at as high as 31% simple. PAGENO="0303" sotoTo I~ie and ~n ~~±*l PHONE: 374-2276 DATE June 1, 1970 ADDRESS R. 0. ~2, ~ Minnesota SALESMAN ~ f~i S~.d N l.a.. ~4 ~.MlIIan I.I.d ., boB id.s4thi~ ~g ...U S,)) ,gI~,% I. nIl ..d IS, ~ I. pn.b.,. IS. f.ll,nAR d.oAbM pap.Hy: MAKE MODEL U. ROOMS LENGTH WIDTHISTOCK NUMBERS Kenwood WE FB 2 68 14 8 NEW COLOR * PROPOSED ~ Gray and White DELIVERY DATE July 1 - 4. OTHER CHARGES a.O(IVIA F.., ISE,AIYI . ____________________ vsI $ b.Ino,a~. Cnnnnd:?y. $330.00 O.diF LII. ~ $ 912.54 d.C,AII AoId.nF & H.alth. $ Tan., (Nat Intl. aba..) . . $ I. ____ RaQI,I.E..S $___________ (Tot.)) $________ $_________ TOTAL OTHRR CHARGES (.+b+.+d+.+f) $ 1,242. 5. UNPAID BALANCE-AMOUNT PENANCED (3 -f-H) $ 8.947. 6. FINANCE CHARGE $ 6.261. 7. ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATEF 11. 8. TOTAL OF PAYMENTS (5 + 6) $__________ Payabl. it . t'atthI~ :t,talln,tt, of S DaDA atld ito) It,to)In,tt (If $ . all payabk ha Uk, dat, Df~aUh,AaOIO.tlDtthDU,tUitg .19.-..- THROUGH: IT (S MUTUALLY UNDERSTOOD THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS SUBJECT TO NECESSARY CORRECTIONS. AND ADJUSTMENTS INCLUDING CHANGES IN ~Wa.H Ib)~W& II (I If Id~ A boo kgofly ~oIUoI,d; tU I (W.~hoo. oVy (Ioalhaad IA, otd th,-:oo, II:, doltibad o:.d ho.. ag:aod to all ho IDIDI of ha I Ii ,olh)ThoI th. pt-aEWyI HOYTES, Inc. I, CR VIE, HORSY ACKHOWEE.DGE RECEIPT OF A COPY OF TAlC ORDER Nc' v.1:4 UI. S;g..,d aod At,c~,d ~o at ~ ~ `a ~ 2. -~ SIGNEDX..~...S./ I n.4n 8ch~-o~1 PURCHASER AWtnaod, Sobj~l a oTHIaN~ f.aoahtg bo batk FORM 1O0~',~'°~ P,inG,., Cop,Ugh, THUR PURCHOSE AGREEMENT 3713 C.~u.lL.IJiLIe Homes, Inc. 507/373.Y395 - BOO 647 2102 EasT Main Street ALBERT LEA MINNESOTA 56007 5122 NAL EQUIPMENT U Pl,a,. pavhoo, ha Oao,tayeo oh,ck,d SIGNED X s/ M~r~~'e e~9~o~ OP SETUP PARTS PRICE OF UNIT ~LO I I U Po,oh~a,t FIG EllIhoad ,,q:ad tootle htoagh. Ounbim5lE±ttt AgeTUcy suR.TcEAL 2102 East Eain Albert Lea. Minn. 21 ° 1 1. CASH PRICE LESS SAL DUE NET ALLOWANCE [ INSURANCE AGAINST LIARILITY POE BODILY INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE TO OTHERS IS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS TRANSACTION. Is OPDONAL EQUIPMENT. LABOR AND ACCESSORIES 2. LESS TOTAL CREDITS 3. UNPAID BALANCE OP CASH SALE PRICE 7L REMARKS BALANCE CARRIED TO OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT = = 4 6 6 TF&F or.e TOBEF°AIUDY LJOEALER LJCUSTOMER DEALERS COPY PAGENO="0304" 3714 This agreement is for the protection of both parties. No changes permitted! ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 0- ttisfooshrrorderstoodaro! aoreed The oedro oc foe r~oeroes ode c-c'0 is sobieco to she follomier terce's ard occedorooces, all of `schich boor beeo oceccatfl r agreed `sopoo: S The pcrob arc ao'ec- r' c°' cecogiosl boil of sale or the title ooceo crrct oor. t'oobilrh ce. coder or `choir coded Ic paoti~1 payneces aloetg `sooch she d~.eoo 0 ci' o~id po -ercy cc dc,ic'- ccr'.iooo. o'od 4 o-aotaoor th nob oat. troohilohoo'c, trailer coo to be hot pooproty. free coot of all bros ard rcocr-boace yes eooepc as othrro-osc cored oc hr face of bet iottceorceect Poocohooer `o'a'cao Os hal oil toret of roeer hood lroiod ocoalcete hr trot ori'i2o op hi°oi''o'oe traded i'o hoor hey:, Icily paid Sho 1,! 0000 000erce 0dCP cy.ooo leo or a tan liec cc dec-aced coo or coao'o rococh cord ocher. Scileo `car. his Opt, COO the sac-c, coot Pooyhacee og ores to coo-horse hr o'so,ct thereof ray, at hit oprio'c add oooch o'coccr to the coo'.e -air' oo'ctraot cooroco hr o'oo.bi0:b.o"e o'.!ored hecrir nitto thetarorrfir. ao'oco:l',oo:c"ailo'ccoh,de.irheorio. `ce croci po,'pecto ca el ooo ooccgorcoed cc boyce.! ce coo plaor orhro hot hr crore itt o'hich ho o'der io cooler P ohocer agrees to ir'rooeiiatrly.oocreoog'oooooo'c I. c-oh or' ole aced so `to c-c ccl oil err000's o'oJ or-otraro cfeeoocioteorol thereto, S'oc'oh! artco'e, or be poor o' aces o'.rer'r cc `00., 000 cc cOo "h `..ooororc cc. Poor hoo,'r ce 0°! 0-og Police rio 00:00,00 `01Cc 1 "c b oc.i 0' 0:. `0 `c. add, or Lot oh' c-cc c''ly 0", coo 0 Ooc o,'oo'c-oS 0.00,000, thy oooholc Ooo'"O coo ~ brcooy. "oh thy to-c rfic-t co cio'oooh `o:yc: 1. If the ccci coociro co c bc!ehcyor cs oor delco ore.! to the do.clet 00 ti.' coo of ociyo'cal approctol, aced 1 lotrc, or ott delcc cs. it appears to the dealer those hcco b cc rooocorcol chco'gro croade 0 c:~ fcrceioh cot or c c to tic 5 choceco f, cc cc to gereral ph scot coo,lircoc. he deolro thou thro boor the tight to cc-boo too `pc-cool Tics lot cc afpr0000 I lao nih oc .!cocoooocco th oolloo'oo',oe cc he code lot toch cord trailer, mobile- hone or other cehiole. 4 tjpoct laoiote or ti:- refotal of be pccol'tt_c to oco'pioee toil `cool ccc `~.`c°.c'c -0' days of ooctt000 lore, coo ott agreed r'.recesiceo therror~ for loch o boo oacecrliori:o ccc o ooco' c~ oo000000 ic priori go', carh .°c-c-rot c-cc hoer tool, l-ooctlo'O of or teta:oe ` o, ochi teco'b.crte the dealer for rcg'ooret sod co'hrc :octoc i'co°c,loo. ccc coo rot o coatio'ced ho' po:coh 0 It N:0 cc too coc-piore oacd poeohctc br `ho ceo err a coed oar. 0-co ycoc c .`c .0 too °o the ~oo,haocec hereho actO'oc,cotti.: cioairc ro' cell tool prop_toe. o' pch':: ~r ptc'ocoeatr. acd so Uooicooor Soot "or `.,,.,-o , .~ .:j 0.0 `ci a `00 coo .00.1 ri - `: ` "`b coo `0''.' `coo N NO ore 5. The r"orocia.Occeo "as:: o' ccl: .o,,000o,00'o c°"c-ocN. `` 0°" ``ct coo coo oo,t'rcocoys ac'l i e r-o ro.l"e'o:-.' rca I SO 0 IS! :5, 0: - O~ - `, 0 0:0 to'! `,`0,~, o",o'.o,oi,c o4ooocb o. l.o:oro 0,0 0, ic N'coo.-h,bch.'oocc, roe' ,o-lc,i "as it'' c. 1 ci''- ``0 _, :,, . 0, 0' c'O o0~0O0'_oi `c "Ic 00, 0, co. Oy,. co-c "cOo `!ioo `o,iio s;o.'bco,doo "`bc o''"o'r coo os `0 ott 0:." `-c too.o.'',,".','os cooc,oo0oo'ooll0',co,~o0l,,oo'°o',:hoocho,'c-,o,0y ,,.:...l'~,ot,-0'- .0000:0 ..o.o: P.. 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Jo ros000e roy,.!, coO, 0 0 poo. o'or'o doc,loted cod tIe droleo, teqcitet bore of rorra tab r ,o:l oqoop000ot, ho coscc-o.' h-cr" orb .rc-ret to pay foe a.' t.coh -`l'ooo,di ... IN .oeio-cl,.r-o.-cgoa'ooorpooopcrpienooroocooch't ocococerrpcc'ce.to-'ciogb'othoo'ooi-ooo i'ttf'o'chocece poepacr.i. ",co~_oo, .0 , ,:o'~ coot"' o: r.000000001000,to' 0:oo"boice,o oP'ro c0..:e.! ,c'co 0000'',,'' ,,.p'oi,'"oO...Oo .Oo:,toio°orO',o", `c `,,`deool.'co'o Uo',orcor°-ro'-p''-o''rioe'ciooos `.0-00-0 dc-rI, oo"o o:':o:oo,.o,00,'c,00r'.o,o Oo.'oi.l,o,oootc.oroi,'foc' o.o"p!oo'.ceo :c' o' `.rhso -pat. - .. " .` ,, ,: -: eo ~:: ..:a'.coo:o .".,oo] by `c o-'o.o ``coo' c.. :0' ` cc I,.' acre 0,o'' o, c a 1 ~` ool oce, ,00 a co hold SeCro - . 0 ` .` h- 0,00:0: ,:No'c i.dcr- br'c- , .`-o .0: of oh- lr'cgtb orb ci.!", iociro'c `0' ad ci rio dare of hot L'ghooot, o°'cO'r:' h `.0. "or ,`,.oo, or c' c-soc. h' - `do cro, .o':ecoN `0' ". :`:,t coo ce crc'.'. .,o 0',. -`.` p.o of Cc-aba, -ay asscgeoit.ooocr,o,lo'!o°c.-ooo'dc..o ,o,oo"c,,.o",,b,ctceoiooclo,5oo,l0':r',c:ioodot'NrJo':holc"o'0eo0or0'c-dt'N0''~l,OOt0'i'o0O0 atrcco,,crcooo.a,cr'e.o":,'otodbo,.o,oroteorp'oocoo',c. [ T'roh 0',GSLE°ofENT LCN1AINS'lhfE LNTIRE UNDERST,h hal-lU BETWEEN US AND 140 OTHiP PFPPELENTA' - lION OR INDUCEMENT, VERBAL OS WRITTEN, I-lAS REE0I POf,IDE WHICH IS NOT SET FORTH HEREIN. PAGENO="0305" 4.8-254 O-7O----~20 3715 * ~_~e~HOMESOF~ NNE$OTA~INc. ll)20TOWNj~ ~ MONTEVIDEO, MINN~ ,~4 56265 612/269-885~f. I . ~P4p~ Cp,te~t.y.e4,è 1~on~es 1 ~ 3..5..70 *~ SOLO :~kS~ . S S TO. SHIFP5O S ~ ZLenWood "exington 14I6I~..2.-FK~FB serial ~?4122 ~ $. ~ N~'M 47o~L. 92.00 - 3~h00 17.00 72.75 -34.00 5.00 39.50 15.03 14.00 10.00 *:. 16.00 -N~ 17.00 ~ *, 5.00 130.50 51,00 85.00 28.00 S.. i6.oo ~ 81.00 -. - 97.00 ~ __j!00 -31.00 ________ $7999.75 ~ :.~Zs~ift ~ -1 Options: ~ LR. & Kit `I3ronzetode Carpet L.R.' *~ Dronsetone Carpet Hall.', Releetone Carpet OBO ?OI' ~5 "at Gas Furnace G~s ~4ne `30 Gal Gas Water Heater Plumb for Washer ~~ange ,~455 S ~1earance Lights Exhaust Fart Bath `4re Dryer Door Chime 3/8" ~pha1t Walls & Roof' `~indowa 3~30X53 LR Uack Oak Cants Med. )tait. ~ors on Washnr Dryer Leave 6O~ opening 1/2 Oath , ~i1~c~a ~hower . ~ S ., FoamBet~ma In FB?t F~ai~ Beans in LR & ~it ~op~ing block 0ci~-eione: 1. 5i..X7d~ ised PAGENO="0306" 3716 CONFIRMATION AND PRODUCTION ORDER - ___________________ STRATFORD. WIS. 54484 FHONE 715-687-461 _______________ 3818 NT. 79 SO. 805 1527 RAFID CITY. S. DAKOTA 57701 FNONE 6T5-342-4455 _________________ 1025 TOWN ROAD MONTEVIDEO. MINN. 56265 PHONE 612-269-8858 TWIN LAUS KIT. E2HAUST FAN O.EARANCE UOHTS 001-ITS EEEC. SERVICE TV. JACR EXHAUST FAN 86TH EXT. RIOHI WIRE DRTER WAR RANOE OUTSIDE RECEF.. INSIDE SWITCH PARE RSCEP. E ROE 000RCHIME INSURATON OR SHEATRVNO EDT. METAL SHUTTERS FRONT DOOR REAR DOOR WINDOWS * MOTELNAME SIDE&MOTEL SERIALNO FEANNO * RASEPRICE * OFTONALFEICEL. * OMISSIONS * FREIGHT DEALERCOST -- - * ORDER CONFIRMED RU DATE * FROD.OR PURER. END NOR KT.COUNTERTOF ----I VANITT TOP DRESSER REF 4 DIVIDER 4 KIT.CAEINETS I RANGE DCRFARTTON SHOWER ENC. ERDRAPES - DRDR.AFES ERT. CURTAINS SRCURTAINS HALE CURTAINS RATHCURTAINS SOFA CHMU COCKTAIL TAXER I ENT TAREE DIWNO SET EEDS CHEST ERR CHESTFUR .~ I HEADXOAFD 4 STEEL RED FRAME DRUTERED TO REMOHARLE HTCH SRIRTRAS J FLOORCOVERINO-. TRVINOROOH I RER ERR FIR DINING RM KITCHEN ENTRU BATH FURNACE AIR CONDITIONER WATER HEATER PTUMR FOR WASHER OARXATE DISPOSAL BATH FIXTURES I DOD PAGENO="0307" Defected Pdyeeyet Peye eepeted feIleet: 1. CASH PRICE IikIIieg eeiet y~~e~ft-ys if ccvi ~ 75 Cteege vt Bfhet cycettt the tees 2. T(ITAL DOWNPAYMENT: (NttTecdtIe) (Cceh) I F.eeThe1I~C~y~ AddI DESCRIPTION OF TRADE-IN Meke. ..McdeIi~Ycec 1965 Cecetege fy~ 36~ ~33O.0O 3. UNPAID BALANCE OF CASH PRICE (Scbtecyt iteec 2 fesyy 1) S 7 ,489. I S___._Dedeettble 4. OTHER CHARGES INCLUDED: - ClEeehecty,e Csssetcge ~. S&~tk Ikelpeed Uttyid BcIcteee etC Cesh Peiee pIt S_.__Csllieiey Dedtpeible Csh Deeeepcyttesel 5 215 17 fIlc_..__yt. $-...._..-._........~....... b. TBteletCIgestcci~tsye Pee tty fe Ceedit Life aed elSe besetits s.1÷2..42 ~54 P. Liceeec tee $..._.......+ Registeatieet fee $...._= ___________ Peett etoeCeedseL,te TOTALOTHERCHARGES S l~57.~1 & Dtsabtl;ty less tee S_..__. 5. UNPAID BALANCE - AMOUNT FINANCED IAdd iteets 3 & 4) 5 Othee S~..____ 6. FINANCECHARGE (TIMEPRICE DIFFERENTIAL) S.42l~..66 - 1. TOTALOFPAYMENTSIAdfifeettbcsdE) Sl.2.,..1.7.2..,20. If. DEFERRED PAYMENT PRICE Add iteect 1 & 4 & El sIB. - 9. ANNUALPERCENTAGE RATE I:.69 ABOVE INSURANCE DOES NOT PROVIDE AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR BODILY INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE UNLESS SUCH INSURANCE IS SPECIFICALLY DESCRIBED ABOVE. It s eteeded thitt the yseteact Is)) be afslgeed te (the BaekI ettei Peehasec egeets es pay the Teal et Payeeeett (iteett 71 at the teatle Itete st el-c BeAt t_....J2.0...... eye) tceeessiye eescthly ietstalleeett 1 $....l26~..4Jeeeeeeeeeieg...5.et3.Q.et1Q.... 5-10-15-20-25-30 letcee el-al the feb eltyf--cef payable heeeeedee that) eqel the eyelet et the halasee eesaieisg del ecas isdieated it space felleeg Atty etlalleeteet ehyh steele thee eye the aeeeet et etheteite eegslae(y tehedled eye) payteest is Ballet Pcyeeeee hieh seithee Sellee ce Reek Ptyhaset ted See-ce ealh act to the ethee ted Ic pdyh Aystgeye hetest that Peeeh:ttet is peehasieg sd Se-lIce it selleg the ptepefy desyethed cbese eec ttsepetecbaftdeetsteayds)Ptcheetf letecasee ageete less se dtescgti te hi eeeyetey itee eel a lie otbatte.e sheA Is settfteelety to the SplIce cay he Ublailted by the Pseyhasee theegh atsp Nttthee etedt Itte- eye eeedtt Ily ted dtsahthly teseattee t cIted aeeldttieI es-fly tee the Pseehaseet ebligatioes cc hi seseelast, bet 1 tech ice s-c detted by the Peehaset 1 cay be ebt~eef fec the fete ttt St `otlledyt thtttgh II iSlet It the Potehysee elyels the qlolitiedttoet It Itoh set eke cc tech etc tmposcd by the tettee ce-a cost ot S....9i?.t,,~.4,. tot eecdtt h(e stoeasyy ted ft a coIl of S,.,,~ fee eeedif lite aed dfablIy iestaeee peeeded - Paeohatee edeafet he detee tee feb keoeeage by tigsisg flee apptelteiafe black imettdlale(y be-lee: I detteetedtt Itte settle-c I detice eecdit life aed disability iesltaeee Daeet~iis~lY 1 LJ.920 _ ~`P~1*le ~i j~_ Date ___________ - ease acy letttallteeyt ts eel pad tIthe lOdayt altec it is dIce fete ehaege cdl be cede eqIal ee 5%et toeS otlalleeel ee 5530 -.1-see-yet ts lessee The se-ad balasee et fhtt eetlttayt cay be ytepaid II III at aey tie ted a patttal eetoed et the FINANCE CHARGE st) be sac base-0 ee the RelIc et 78s altec dedletes et he aeqllifitlolt pest of $15 NIt tetlyd lets thatt $1 till be cede. Eeed h.~_d b S edeo Is h s~qcee Selfee by sgettttg belees eke-cetes this coetedet ed sfsfigct thesaettc es tfletBCsk eeeocdiesg to the teetet ef the ~ 2102 E. (ain, Albert Lao, Minnso~~ 2. 2. #2 ITithel Peecheece / ~(err. -C')i~C-l-i let ecettdetatles et the coccI fete of thtsettsteaet the stcdettgtted (sshetheettse cc :11cee, ieistly asd teettallyt heteby gteatcelett the peefetesasee by the Pleehasee ett elI the teems ate eesdlttecs et the eecteaet csd hecette ttaiocttettttke to the ledeeetgsed aed yeiet deeeaed Is Ot e-tl0t peeeeedttgt agaieet the 3-717 0TIG:Nl~ ((3 ~ MOTOR VEHICLE CONDITIONAL SALE CONTRACT Tie eedeetgeeel Seilce bitchy sells ded thy lyletegeyd Pete-hale-c ft-he-thee tee 01 mete joietly asd teetallyl heee-by peeehascsasd etopeety l~ aed glees Is y~y the-ce-ftc the Deleted Paysteet Ptce Stems be-Ieee he fe-ems apycatieg be-los ted ec the tesette sdc Minnesota 56007 ~ ITeessI SIted Ze-) Itesfsl Sest ~~L~!~t!DCflhI1IJfl __________ PAGENO="0308" 3718 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Title to the pmpeety abcS mmeie ie the Seller ee the Aeeigeye cclii all emeaaetadee hcreeedee eec paid ice fell. 2. The Peeehe.eyr chef! eec tall, eeeige ee teecefee thceeeeeeea:t ee the yeeyeetyaaieceee preeecarittee eeeseetefthellellye,The Aeeimaeeefttmllellefa ieaeereet hemeedee chef! teaeeed te aS eighte ef the SaUce bet the!! eet be eeeyeeeihie fer eey reymreetetiee,peeeeeay ee aa'eeeeeey made by the Seller ie msyeat Se the pmyerty. eec the!! the .Aaei~em be hehh face eey beeeeh theme!. lee etaime ceihieg feem eey each beeeeh chef be creep at a defeeee, eaeeeeeeeteim ee set-off te cay caSey by the .kaeyeeefec'theyelleatiee efee~ ~ afleae acm haaeyeaa oat defeerce a thy eefeeyemeec a! thie caShed eec ecietieg ee ehiab heeeefter may eeiee. Ecaeyt cc ebeee, chemeer the aeerd "Seller" is med hraem.ie dec11 hedeemed a ieylcde cay eeeiyaeeefaheSeller. 3. Paeehaeer e~eae ae keep teed pmycety fdfy macred ffeiad lees by hm, theft, ee!tieiee, cad tech ether hecerde cc Seller may mqeim, pmeeetieg the ietrmrtc ef Seller ie acid praeyeety etch heetyaaa'e casey chic a Syllyr, cad to famish Seller eeideeye that myb ieaeeeeye bet beee ebteieyd. Seller it eetheeieead (bat e'itheet hahilice fee cat fcdery ee te dab cc peeahaee at faeaaheear'eeepeeeae eey cad alt each iecaeeeyy preteetieg Sefee't iaterad ia each ymperry, a-bather at eat iedcded hemie. Cf the eaeeet of myh ieceeceya cccl iaahcdee ie the Dafeemd Peymaat Priae,Peeahesereyreer to pay the same te Selleeaedemeed perahaze heseby tmeaeyebty epyeiete Seller hit ettomay ie fact ai!h fall paaaer ef aahetitatiae a myaiea alt meeiye thee may beaaeae dee cad payable cadre cay petieca cc aepahale ccett!emeetc. cc teas! cay yehay ieaeriep acid pmyaree, aed te dec11 thiege eeaecaeea' cad eaqcieel cc, effece a acdlley,eac ercdm aoce tech pahey. Perahacer fcrtheeeecheeiaeebylbe Ice apple cay mfcad maeia'edeaeeadllaaieeefeeyteeeepebeyiepeecyeeee,y~',yc,' .cc'.acac'aepecee_eietehellm'a icetemse, cad the belcam, if cay, a paymear af ia'tallmaa!e payable heeceedar ie the iaaeeee cadet a! their matarity. 4. cad reeamhecaaat, shell act cm the aeeea diepefy, impmparlc' cc fee him, cad dad! eat remeee the estee feem bit piece af eeaideeac aiahaae the peee c-Same caesecct ef the Seller. bay semepaid by thellellee be dcaahceaeefeay taaec. ieee, iaecaeeeey preeeicmeer eaeambrteeyt ae aced paepeec~thellbyelldeaj retlec peieaipel cam thea eemacaiap eapaed. The fcracheeeee chef beae cay tecaae deeeaege te the peaparly. 5. deeaptaaee bb the Seller er the Seeigeee a! cay iascel!meae ear payceeeat chef eemaee cay defeedc at a teach ce'cdbe'ceer. t,' "all ccc alter cia clime the Pemheaee'e ebbteeceaar at the Sellee'c eighLe heracedee aide eeepeea cc cap cahaee!aacet peyaeee Ic. Time it a! the eceeca altec 6. Cf coy hectefeteet ca eel peed ahee dcc. ear if he faeeheecr felt cc ecaceply ceith coy ecaaditiae cc ahligetiaa harea'..d~r. cc ile praaeadiea he beehmptepj mmieoethip cc mcalceeae be iaaatlated by ye cpeiae ha Paedeeaer cc hia pmpcercy, ye if ices race-a eaticfeeceeey ta the Seller accost ~ aeca!aad, cc ifabtairmd 4 ccbmqaeorty acceded, ae if faa coy athcreeaeeo the Seller deame iceat! iaaccceece cc cite praparty ia deafer cf mieam ac caahecehae the Safer may cc iba peba dmlem a defaect cad the eemeeaieg capaei! haieeee haeaaf deaf! beeaeaee immadiace!y dee cad payable e-ithaat eacice. tipaa cay meh doPed!, Seller abeD eeedebh to Lie addaica h' all the eghte cad macedict faceted hereby, all all lee righte cad mmedier ofa ceeceed party ceder the beifarm Cemmemiet Cadre cay other cppheabh lea.Safer may lake petaaaeiae of cay article' eit!eia ye attached tasaid fraperly aced held the came far Pcrchaace aithact cay tiebdity fat sac tetacem at heldme. Paetehaear agrees a caoeetbb acid pecpe.'ety cad aceke a oe-aileh!e lo Seller ccc place or places acceptable a Se!let. Cf aay aatihaatiae ofieterde - dopeelliar, peerage pmpaid, to Pereaheccer at the eddmea shaae ebaae. tf tech pmpercy iceald ie the mcaeerpmaidedby lea', cad the peeeeedr a! scab sale eec saffleieee to pay ~ hereiopmeided,eheaPeaaheeeragteeseepa immedeecely cc Seller cay beleaee eomaiaiae aapeidaa thicceaaceeec. If thicacoercec iceelleceed teaaettarrey,aeee eelaeiedemplayee of the holder farcalleetia Pambaaer shell pay ea atea map's! cc oqealta t5%e!the eaeaeat day aced payable heeecadeea-heachhcaaeeacc icmfoeeed to raeh attaraey. plcaaoea cotta. 7. Asp icedcigeaae faceted the 5eeyhteae ee !acbeeeaece a! legal reacediec e!call cat caaccieaco Sa'aieerc! cay e!the eights o!the Safee herreadee. Afeifhtj cad mmedies hearecadet ate acemalaliar cad act I. The Paeeehaaya sad pareeheec a! ha pecpeetee e'c'eecad ha abe' eeelcaae. accept asia Ihir cecetreet ret Peach. 5.Neaaeleepmmeeatiaaacae-er-raaciaaeaiehm~peaeeeacycpeepa.1lt.chap~s5hd ASSIGNMENT FOR VALUE RECEIVED ead cc aet!aeaed by Safee'e eegeeeteeaa oa the face heecaf,Se!lyr hemby .se!ls, aerigaa, cad harr!erc lathe Acigare ramed me the Peace! thcc eceereet, tIe ccaeaaacrr aed esaeget. a!l a! Ice ceglet, Sale eel ietecacl a! Sailer ie ced a eec e-ithia caebaet cad the pmperty acid thrmerdee, with power a take hfec pececeedeafe cc the eamcecl'faferye ia ch ca-a eacee ccc eaapcet themla.Sallaea'amaoccthetsaicjmaceeetircatefcefaeceableeedfeaaieecadcici mepeets abet cc peeparte to baa that Sc!lae teat ceteeplied aich all lacer aed laa't'cl mfdlaliaet ie ecepage to the tele of said peoparty; thee fefar baa made ci dieatesamt to ceeaaocbraocet at the hme ofeececeetee a! eacd caeeeaee by fee Pacaherae cad cc thea ieee afdehaeey of the property cbereaadrh thee ha Pereharer ittaentyees peeace! age ear mote; cad fed aeaieee ected bacaco Selleehecea mecca to befece tbactbePaeche.reeteesaialatedaeytaeeeeoecemiefciqcaeoercacabesetaten Attigtrertepamltat eoidcaaemctaedefcaPrcaheeemaohetslcallbeacceaearameTSmadbythrPamSeesccabeaoemefefmthedbcyfremteidAsgeemcpoOdem~~ aoeteees cad all pace themfoe the cmaacetacaiel theceae,plce cap eedellcoeeceedeapeccseepeideeieeeamedbyeheAesigeeciem~ceahemeceadterdsemrdp challbreemclatieceadeadeaalcchy SEE OTItER StDE FOR SELLER'S (DEALER'fl StGNATPRE TO A(lltGNhtENT PAGENO="0309" STANDARD MOIILS HOME POLIC~! Physical Diais.ge NOTICE TWo peSsp~ urtlflcat, DOES NOT ps~ SODILY INJURY OR POR~DO DAM AGE UO$ILITY Lseaece sad doss sot cs~ udOb asp flsasctal Ressu~1Dr Law. Rasewal of insured's Name and Address Proda Ho. Producers Name and Addeess `°~° U) Ob) As LIENHOLUER (Name and Ad'resst (~) PoUcy Period: ~ ~ ERROR. To: Teem: 3. Descelotfss of Mobile Narrrs: "` ~`~" .,..~. ,,....~ . oslice is described as follows: etsaj tcne WIT~H a :li::,a SERLAL NO. uo~,:I~r~:~ae eaoo,ouvn EMcuMaRANCE_.!!~L M000. lAME OR NO. SIZE OP 1. N. - cus5000crlone/nEslcs INFORMATION (CHECK APPROPRIATE SPACES OR OTRORWISE COMPLETE) TYPE OF EATERIOR SIDING: ~%I~ FURNACE (OR HEATER:: OR 2 OR 3 rEEL ALUM OTHER SPEcIFy) FRT. CAne. REAM uasurucroaa 5,0 MACRU 0 LTARE I ...........L~ UST CABANAS, AWNINGS, ETC. SEPARATELY - VALUE WHEN INSURED SEALER: [ 1~ fRsre&Bddrnssl I 1$ PURCHASED MO. TO 4. Trettsey: The entire world. This policy applies to the insured properly regardless of where the mobile home is situated. -I. ~ever~ss: This policy provides only the proteclirn for which a specit:c premium chango is Indicated below, on which is indicaled either be)oo on elsewhere in the a policy as included without specific change. Description of the protealion below is intended only as a general Indicalior of its nature. Oela:led definitions, and any a ~t?stiOns, are tueind in One insuring etreemenTs and ollren proui.siuns Al rhe policy. PARS L MOR1LE HOME PROTECTION RATE U S LIMITS OP LIARILITY ORIGINAL PREMUIM MDI Broad Form Pnoteclisn deductible 102j Broad Fume Cnnrpreherrsiee Protection *$ . deductible AcRual Cash Value Actuat Cash Value O_ 5 W03 Culhsion Fnotecl:on l:no)uding Upset) Ill Full Term $ deduotible S Actual Cash Valor S 121 Trip unlp 30 days $ deductible Commencing It $ Actual Cash Value S__~__ WHO Special ProlechonCovenages S See Policy S PART II. PERSONAL EFFECTS PROTECTION Actual Cash Value Not To Exceed. PET Standard Ploteclmon S 0 S [ Dread Formn PnoUecffen PART_fIt._HUIHOOHY_SINGLE_INTEREST_PROTECTION S $ S ~`I Slorridard Prulection 0 i~-2 SpecIal Protection S * FLORIDA OtO.Y-Deductible applier is ~~ordance wilh Special Florida Provision IFago 141. INSURED'S COPY 3719 B Reserve L- Insurance Company DECLARATIONS This policy insures: Ru IaIAsOWKER: A STock Company CHICAGO, ILLINOIS TOTAL PREMIOM PAGENO="0310" 3720 (1.Trnitumrr ~rruirr Counlrjjside ~1111arraiitti 3~1nfiq homes Inc. Date ______________________ Model_________________ Serial No. The following is a plain language statement of the guarantee we give to our buyers on new mobile homes 1. This guarantee arwarranty is for a 12 month period. 2. The manufacturer of each home we sell has its irrdividuat womanly and our warranty works with the manufacturers or in addition to it. 3. We warrant defects in manufacturers workmanship and materials and agree to make reason' able repairs or replocemrnt of such defects to the original buyer. We will either make the repairs ourselves or elect someone to do so. We do not accept responsibility for payment of repairs trade by anyone without prior authorization by us. 4. Appliances, such as ranges, refrigerators, water healers, furnaces, washer and dryers, air conditioners all carry their individual manufacturers warrantees and their warranty is the. waranly given you. We will assist in obtaining service and warranty claims in accordance with the appliance manufacturers warranty. 5. From the standpoint of graved and blocking, it is understood that we are experienced people in mobile home set-up and the some general goad work is always done in blacking a home in line with the individual nerd. We do not and cannot guarantee the condition of the ground under each home and reblocking will be done of the enpense of the buyer unless agreed otherwise at the time rif the initial purchase ogreemerrl. 6. Each buyer is requested to always give us notice of any defect in writing as soon as it op' pears and permit repairs at the limes convenient to us, within mutual reason. 7. Each buyer agrees that his account for purchases from us will always be kept current and paid as agreed at the lirors of purchase and any work performed by us on homes wherein the account is not paid may or way not be done at nor discretion. PAGENO="0311" 3721 Mr. EDWARDS. What is the average length of a loan? For how many years is ft amortized? Mr. DEYOtTNG. Today 75 percent of the loans are 7 years. There are a number of banks which have gone to 10 years. Some have even gone to 12, but the majority of the paper today is on a 7-year basis. Mr. EWARDS. What is the interest rate today? Mr. DEYOUNG. Interest rates prevailing right now are for the most part six and a half to seven and a quarter percent add-on, the discount rate. Mr. EDWARDS. In other words, interest figured at the outset of the loan, so it actually comes out to 12 or 14 percent? Mr. DEYOTJNG. That is correct. Mr. EDWARDS. And then if payment is not made the mobile home is repossessed, and then in the event the sale does not bring the amount of the loan the lender goes back to get the former owner of the mobile home to get a deficiency judgment. Is that correct? Mr. DEYOIING. This is possible. However, we would find, if you would go through the industry, that today probably 80 percent of all loans are made with full recourse by the dealer so that then the dealer would be obligated. He is the one taking the risk, so that the lending institution is not involved in a loss. Mr. EDWARDS. In answer to the question of one of my colleagues you said that a very small percentage of mobile home owners also own lots. Is that correct? Mr. DEYOUNG. That is correct. Mr. EDWARDS. What would be the average size of a lot? Mr. DEYO1JNG. This is something which has changed rapidly over the last 15 years due to the increase in the size of the mobile homes. If you go back to about 1955 you would find that they were parking 12 to 15 to the acre. Parks built in the last 5 to 6 years are put to- gether on the basis of six or seven to the acre, so that the lot size has increased greatly, as has the size of the mobile home. Today the most popular size of mobile home is 12 by 60 feet, and if you went back to 1960 they were talking about 10 by 50 feet. If you go back, then, to 1955 you were talking about 8 by 35. The size of the mobile home has greatly increased and the lot sizes had to go along with it. The quality of construction of the mobile home also has been greatly improved in these last 15 years as well, and the codes have been responsible for a good deal of this. We have seen depreciation factors going down. In other words, depreciation is not as great. The length of the useful life of a mobile home has increased greatly. I happen to be, as president of the association, what is known as a supplier member. I happen to be in the insurance business. We were talking about this at the table here earlier. I happened to insure a used mobile home last week which was sold in 1956 for $6,000 and it was sold last week for $2,900. Mr. EDWARDS. The normal house and lot in 1956 sold for what figure? Was it $5,600? Mr. IDEYOUNG. $6,000. Mr. EDWARDS. And if it was resold today what would you guess the price to be? Mr. DEYOtJNG. This again is a ballpark figure. It might be $10,000. PAGENO="0312" 3722 Mr. EDWARDS. It might reach $10,000 to $15,000? Mr. DEY0UNG. It is possible. Mr. EDWARDS. I am quoting an article by Mr. James R. Price, Na- tional Homes Corporation in Lafayette, md., who says that your industry is subject to no standards except those imposed by the in- dustry itself. What this amounts to is that the mobile home manu- facturer is free to mass produce a standardized product with little or no concern for restrictions imposed by local code and zoning author- ities. Is that a correct statement? Mr. DEYou~G. I would say definitely not. I have explained how the manufacturers association members have forced themselves to produce !to a code. This code has been in effect for 10 years. This code is presently adopted in 17 States. There is legislation in many others pending right now to get this adopted as a State requirement build- ing code for a mobile home. When 70-plus percent of the homes are already built to this code, and ~we can prove this, and most of the others are, I would say this statement then would not be a correct statement. Would you agree? Mr. EDWARDS. Except you said, Mr. DeYoung, this is a code adopted by your industry. Mr. DEYOUNG. Our industry started this code. We formulated it and then took it to the American Standards Association and had them go through this piecemeal and painstakingly. This is now a recognized standard for mobile home construction. Mr. EDWARDS. Have some cities adopted this code? Mr. DEYOUNG. 17 States have as State codes. Mr. EDWARDS. Would you furnish the committee with a copy of that code? Mr. DEY0uNG. A copy of the code? Mr. EDWARDS. Yes. Mr. DEYOUNG. Yes, indeed. (The publication requested was furnished by Mobile Homes Manu- facturers Association and is placed in the record at the conclusion of testimony presented by a representative of that association.) Mr. EDWARDS. In a park do you expect that the FHA or the VA will set up certain requirements as they do in FHA and VA-insured subdivisions, via-a-vis drainage, sewage, paving, water, electricity, and so on? Mr. DRY0nNG. I think if you really get down to the nitty-gritty of that you will find that a park cannot be a park in any political sub- division of any State unless it does have sewage and water and elec- tricity and gas and all of these things. In fact, you couldn't get anybody to live in a park if it did not have this. Mr. EDWARDS. That is not true historically. Most subdivisions, as they started out in this country, had no requirement for anything. A builder would just scratch out a road and build a house, and then over a period of years this did not turn out to be satisfactory, so then cities started to require these protections for buyers. I know where I come from in California, we have the city of New Chicago where they sold thousands of lots. Then the tides came in and the lots were under water. What you are saying is that the veteran who purchases a lot and mobile home is protected now by city restrictions and regulations. PAGENO="0313" 3723 In addition to that, however, the FHA and the VA found out they had to impose on every municipality in the country higher standards, so you cannot get an FHA or VA loan on an ordinary home without approval of the subdivision itself by the FHA and the VA. Mr. DEYOTJNG. That is right. Mr. EDWARDS. Are you suggesting that before there is a VA loan made to a veteran that the subdivision itself, the park itself, will have to be approved officially by the FHA or the VA? Mr. DEYOUNG. I do not myself feel this is necessary. You are per- haps not familiar with how difficult it is to build a mobile home park. Today in order to get the zoning and whatnot from the various politi- cal subdivisions of a State, to get permission to build a park they are Imposing very strict regulations and very strict codes on santitation, water, and this type of thing. It is really not something that I would say was a big point at issue. The FHA, of course, has just recently approved much broadened regulations for FHA commitments on mobile home parks. Many parks probably will be financed with FHA-insured backing. These then would be satisfactory because they are firmly policed and the regula- tions and the commitments are quite stringent. Up to this relaxation in the FHA regulations this has been some- thing which has been regulated by townships, cities, and States. Mr. EDWARDS. For the record, Mr. Chairman, I would like to insert in the record a statement made by Clarence Mitchell, director of the Washington bureau of the NAACP. The ownership aspirations of deprived and disadvantaged people are not unlike those of our more affluent and economically stable citizen~-they seek to own a part of our earth, to put down roots, and to become an integral part of com- munity life. These considerations are lacking in mobile homes. However, mobile homes can play an important role in meeting short-range housing needs- We are not trying to give a cheap solution to the housing prob- lem of the poor. Then there is statement made by Peter W. Hughes, legislative repre- sentative of the American Association of Retired Persons: The low price of a mobile home is not all savings. The owner pays a space rental fee which generally runs between $25 and $100 per month. On a yearly cost basis, the total amount could be more than the property tax on a conven- tional home of greater value. A mobile home depreciates in value while a conventional home will more than likely appreciate in value during this period of a rapidly increasing demand for housing. I requested permission to insert these not necessarily because I agree with them but they are opinions of people representing a large seg- ment of the American population. Mr. BARING. Without objection they may be inserted. Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Edwards raised a question which concerned me somewhat about the interest rate. It is my understanding that in the regular conventional GI loans that the interest is figured on unpaid balance. Is it simple interest rate? I think the loans are on the unpaid balance. What you are talking about is a different rate of interest than we normally charge on con- ventional GI loans. Mr. DEYOUNG. You are now working on a simple interest rate on the unpaid balance on regular loans. We are certainly not against this type of an arrangement. However, for the program to be competitive and usable by the lenders the Administrator will have to set appropri- PAGENO="0314" 3724 ate rates of interest so that it will be attractive to the Tending institu- ions to make these loans. Mr. DUNCAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. ROBERTS. How do you differentiate? Is there a percentage differ- entiation between the mobile home and the furniture? We are not in the furniture business but we will get into it. I am sympathetic to the mobile home business. When you repossess furniture as a rule you will have to replace whatover is in the home. What percentage do you nib- c.ate to the furnishings in a mobile home normally? Is 25 percent of the cost furniture? Mr. DEYOUNG. No. Mr. ROBERTS. What would be a reasonable figure on the furniture? We are not particularly concerned with the furniture but I think we will have to be. If we do that we will have to get the same thing on the regular VA loans. Mr. DEYOUNG. I would say that you could put a 16- or 17-percent figure on the furnishings. This includes stove, refrigerator, and so on. It will vary greatly with the class of furniture that is in it. Many man- ufacturers have a class system. A dealer can purchase a home with a No. 1, 2, or 3 package and the grade of the furniture varies with this. One can be bought with washer and dryer, with combination washer- dryer, or without it. It can be purchased from the manufacturer air conditioned. All of these things make a difference in the cost of the home. Mr. ROBERTS. A house you buy would have a stove or refrigerator as part of the house as a requirement. We are talking about the dining room furniture, bedroom furniture, and the other furniture in the house. Mr. DEYOUNG. If you take out the major appliances and say this is part of the house then you would have to cut the cost of the furniture down to 10 percent. This has been the history of the industry, that they have always been fully furnished. Mr. ROBERTS. When you foreclose or repossess, and you use the auto- mobile term, and you use automobile-type interest rather than interest on the declining balance, what is your basic experience with the furni- ture when you repossess? Mr. DEYOUNG. Some of it has to be replaced and some of it does not. Some needs cleaning. They do refurbish to resell in order to make it attractive to a new buyer. All repossessions are not the skip variety. Some repossessions are amiable and worked out well and it is merely a case of a fellow up against it and cannot afford it any longer. He doesn't run away from it. Mr. ROBERTS. Like an automobile, he is not nearly as careful with the furniture as he would be if it were to remain his own. Mr. DEYOUNG. There is one other factor which covers this situation, and this is that in the insurance on a mobile home there are different types of insurance sold on a mobile home from a conventional home. One of the things that all lending institutions insist on in connection with mobile home loans is whst is known as VSI, venders single inter- est insurance, which covers the entire period of the loan. Part of the VSI-insuring clause happens to be conversion and it is judged as conversion of good property to poor property, and there- PAGENO="0315" 3725 fore `the insurance companies can~be involved in ultimate loss suffered by a repossession. Mr. ROBERTS. Above and beyond normal use wear and tear? Mr. DEYOUNG. That is correct. STAFF DIRECTOR. Mr. DeYoung, you recognize these bills we are considering here are really amendments to the basic VA home loan guarantee program. In other sections of the law which is being amended, and which is proposed to be amended here, responsibility is .placed on the Veterans' Administration for determining property re- quirements, and also places on the VA responsibility for approving the site on which the unit might be set, and also places upon them the responsibility for site improvement which might be involved as well as improvement of the piece of land. In this basic legislation these amendments place the Administrator in the same position of responsibility in the mobile home industry as with the other property. He must determine that the site, if there is land involved, is suitable. He must determine that the improvements to that site are suitable, or if it is to be set on a rented site he must agree that is appropriate. You understand that? Mr. DEYOUNG. Definitely. You would be directly involved in all of these judgments if you were making a direct loan to a veteran. However, you have quite a protection system built in if you are merely guaranteeing this or running through a presently appi~oved lender of the Veterans' Administration, which banks `are today. STAFF DIRECTOR. In the basic body of the legislation we have some rather precise requirements about the handling of complaints when something goes wrong, and something always goes wrong somewhere. We have a 1-year warranty requirement which is in the law which binds the `builder to warrant that certain things are as represented for the period of a year. We also have a complaint procedure which is followed whereby com- plaint from a veteran homeowner is processed in a certain way, and if the builder or lender does not comply with what the VA deems equita- ble there is a proceeding involved. You understand this legislation amends that program and all those procedures would' be involved with the mobile home? I think it is something that perhaps your dealers will realize is a new experience. l,~Te have a little different situation with the mobile home program from what we have in the conventional housing program. Usually the manufacturer of the conventional house is the seller so you have one transaction. You have a customer and the manufacturer-seller. Here we have a manufacturer and the seller and a third party purchaser. One of the things that is receiving attention now is how this complaint procedure, how the responsibility for processing complaints, should be handled. My question to you is `this-do you concur we must have a workable and understandable complaint procedure with regard to the dealer as well as the buyer? Mr. DEYOUNG. I would agree this is true. `The dealers who have sold mobile homes for years up to this time have handled and taken care of many, many millions of complaints. They have almost formed an unwritten warranty over the years `by their actions. Also, many of PAGENO="0316" 3726 the component park companies have warranties which go along with a mobile home. Some manufacturers grant a warranty on mobile homes. I know some of these things will be involved and in the normal course of business the dealer is the one who will satisfy the majority of these complaints. Sometimes, just as an automobile dealer does, he will have the right to build in and allow to himself as a franchised holder of the manufac- ture the cost of taking care of some of these complaints. On some he will not have the right to do so, much in the same way that an auto- mobile dealer is bound to their manufacturing companies today. The manufacturer does take care of many things during a warranty period. This is also true in the mobile home industry. STAFF DntEca~oR. It would be helpful to recognize there should be a systematic method of handling complaints. It would be of help to this committee as well as the Veterans' Administration to see to it that an orderly system is developed. The other point I want to mention, Mr. Chairman-on page 4 you suggest that perhaps legislation should cover "doublewide" require- ments are conventionally constructed homes, that the VA should have some latitude to relax the present requirements. This is not quite so simple as it sounds. You have something you called a doublewide. We have over 500 manufacturers of various kinds of transportable homes. They are transported all sorts of way and put together all sorts of ways. Presently they meet the minimum property requirements of the Vet- erans' Administration and the Federal Housing Administration as houses, even though these are transported about in various fashion. Over 500 manufacturers have approved plans of that sort. If we were to come along here and say that something you call a doublewide in the mobile home industry is to get some sort of relaxed preferential treatment in the application of standards, and that we will call it a conventional house, the natural result will be that everybody else who makes a transportable house would ask for the same treatment. We therefore would have to make up our minds which way we are going. Are we to keep the doublewide as a mobile hoi~ie or will a double- wide cross the line and become strictly a conventional house to meet the minimum property requirements of the Veterans' Administration? This should not be a gray zone. Mr. DEYOUNG. I don't think so, either. Mr. EDWARDS. During the course of construction of a conventional home the FHA and the VA inspectors come out from time to time. They have to stop work if the inspector has not come out. Would this take the place of that or will there be FHA and VA inspectors? Mr. DEYOUNG. The plans and specifications are approved by the FHA for all products that he will build of that type design. They sub- mit the plans and specifications and they are approved, much in the samc-~-- Mr. EDWARDS. In a conventional home in addition to approving plans and specifications the inspectors go out and make sure they are complied with. Would you expect this here? Mr. ROBERTS. One of these homes was placed in my district recently.. A truck comes in the morning, the unit is laid down, and the truck PAGENO="0317" 3727 leaves that afternoon. So in 8 hours it is done. The inspection would have to be of the plans and specifications. STAFF DIRECTOR. The industry has, as has been described, covered itself with these voluntary codes. They recognize that this is not a meaningful thing to the public. They are attempting at the present time to use one of the national testing associations to move this testing and inspection process out of the in-house aspect over into what would appear to be a third party procedure. This has not yet been accomplished. They are in the process of attempting this. Then the viewpoint of the Veterans' Administration is that the Ad- ministrator would have to make up his mind as to whether that set of industry-adopted or third party inspection was adequate. He would have to decide what sort of system would be adequate to determine to his satisfaction which codes have been adopted, or whether they are in fact being enforced. Discussions we have had with the VA indicate they recognize there will have to be a satisfactory inspection procedure and that this should not be left entirely to the industry. Mr. DEYOUNG. Right now this transition thing is going on. There will be some votes taken within the next 30 days with regard to bring- ing in this third party situation. However, the original intent of the codes when they were put in by the manufacturers association was that this would be eventually adopted by all States in the Union so that then the local bodies would be responsible to see that any mobile home moving into that Statedid comply with the code I earlier referred to. STAFF DIRECTOR. Manufacturers recognize the desirability of a good strong Federal system. Perhaps this could supersede some of the State and municipal legislation and systems of inspection. Mr. EDWARDS. Such as in conventional housing insured by FHA? STAFF DIRECTOR. Yes. Mr. BARING. Other questions? (No response.) Mr. BARING. Thank you very much, Mr. DeYoung. Mr. DEYOUNG. Thank you, sir. Mr. BARING. The next witness will be Mr. Francis W. Stover, direc- tor, National Legislative Service of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. STATEMENT OF FRANCIS W. STOVER, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL LEO- ISLATIVE SERVICE; ACCOMPANIED BY WILLIAM S. AUD, ASSIST- ANT LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE SERVICE, VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS Mr. STOVER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. With me on my left is William Aud, assistant legislative director of the Veterans of Foreign Wars National Legislative Service. Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, thank you for the privilege of appearing before this subcommittee to present the views of the Veterans of Foreign Wars concerning veterans housing legislation. PAGENO="0318" 3728 My name is Francis W. Stover and my title is director of the na- tional legislative service. One of the great programs authorized by the 01 bills is 01 home loan assistance. Over a period of more than 25 years, the Veterans' Administration has effectively and successfully operated one of the largest housing programs in the world. It involves both guaranteed and direct loans and has been a most successful one. One of the most .sigmficant facets of the 01 bill loan programs is that the veteran has ~~oven to be a fine credit risk and prior to tight money and high inter- est rates, he had no difficulty in obtaining financing for a home. In addition to providing assistance to our veterans the 01 bill loan pro- grams have had a tremendously favorable effect on our Nation's economy. In recent years, however, this program has suffered tremendously from the general economic situation which everyone is keenly aware of, namely, tight money, high interest rates, and lack of housing. It is only logical, therefore, that other approaches are under considera- tion which will help veterans to obtain housing which is readily avail- able and is badly needed. I am referring to mobile homes which presently do not come within the authority of the VA to provide loan assistance for the purchase thereof. Without going into the specific details of the several bills before you, the Veterans of Foreign Wars favors extending mobile home loan entitlement to any veteran. The VFW also favors the provision that loan entitlement for a mobile home will not be charged against the veteran's home loan guarantee entitlement for the future purchase of a conventional home as long as his mobile home mortgage has been fully satisfied. In this regard it is the strong feeling of the VFW that any veteran who has purchased a. home with the aid of the 01 bill should be allowed to reuse his entitlement if the original obligation has been totally satisfied. More than one loan is permissible under FHA regulations. The VFW strongly feels that the amount or percentage of guar- antee on mobile homes should be consistent with that of previous 01 bill programs and not reduced to an unrealistic figure. In addition the VFI,\T feels there should be no requirement for downpayments with regard to mobile homes. Traditionally 01 bill loans have required no downpayment. Likewise as in all other 01 bill loan programs, pro- vision for direct loans should be included. In today's money market direct loans are becoming more important daily. Mr. Uhairman and members of the subcommittee, the VFW is in favor of removing the delimiting dates for 01 home loan entitlement for World War II, Korean, and Vietnam veterans. Our organization supports those proposals which would make this a permanent program at least until the veteran has used his home loan entitlement. The VFW also strongly supports the provisions in these bills which would provide for a closing cost subsidy and interest rate subsidy. There is a. strong and valid precedent for this which existed in the 01 home loan program during the days following World War II. At that time the first year's interest rate on a 01 guaranteed loan was paid by the Veterans' Administration to the lender and was refunded to the veteran or was deducted from the principal. This was extremely help- ful to veterans who were starting out in life and the same would be PAGENO="0319" 3729 especially true in helping the Vietnam veteran in obtaining a new home, particularly in these days of high-cost financing. Many of our returning veterans will be able to meet the monthly payments neces- sary to purchase a home if they are able to get over the downpayment settlement fee hurdle. It should be pointed out, Mr. Chairman, that the GI home loan pro- gram has always led the way with respect to Federal loan programs. However, during the 1960's many innovations were approved by the Congress for the first time to provide additional assistance to certain classes of citizens or groups in their efforts to obtain adequate housing. The VFW, of course, has no official quarrel with these programs, but it should be emphasized that during this same period the veterans home loan program remained about the same as when first established back in 1943. So the authorization of a subsidy on interest rates or closing costs is in keeping with the assistance being provided under other programs, including FHA. While not specifically covered in the bills before you it would appear that an amendment to existing law would be necessary to make any considerat.ion of closing costs or interest rates subsidies meaningful. Referred to specifically is the present requirement of a veteran of service subsequent to January 31, 1955, to pay a loan fee of one-half of 1 percent at settlement. It would not be consistent to subsidize closing and interest costs and then charge a loan fee at the sa.the time. The VFW holds that veterans have made an extra contribution by their service in Vietnam and other wars, and, therefore, deserve special consideration as provided in the GI bill upon their return to civil life under today's circumstances. The GI home loan program is not pro- viding the housing that Congress intended. The bills under considera- tion would furnish the necessary authority to the VA to assist many veterans in dire need of housing by approving either mobile home loans or conventional loans that cannot be approved under present rules. Mr. Chairman, the Veterans of Foreign Wars commends this dis- tinguished subcommittee for holding these hearings at this time on this vital legislation. Housing is a national concern and problem. The VFW strongly urges this subcommittee to favorably consider the VFW recommendations regarding improvement of the veterans home loan program. The action of this subcommittee in holding hear-. ings for the purpose of advancing this vital legislation will undoubt- edly provide new hope for thousands of veterans presently unable to obtain housing. Thank you. Mr. BARING. Thank you very niuch. I have no questions but I want to compliment the gentleman on a fine statement. Mr. ROYBAL. I want to further inquire into your recommendation on page 3 that the loan fee is one-half of 1 percent. It does not make any sense in view of the fact that there is a subsidy involved. Would you elaborate on that a moment? Mr. STOVER. As I understand it at the present time this is a require- ment in the present rules and regulations as provided under the law. If this committee and the Congress should go forward and provide a closing cost subsidy it is our view that the subsidy would conflict with PAGENO="0320" 3730 this concept of also requiring an additional one-half of 1 percent at the time the loan is consummated. This is the rationale of this comment. We feel that these two are allied with each other and should not stand side by side because they are inconsistent and would offset or cancel one another. Mr. ROYBAL. You suggest one be eliminated? Mr. STOVER. Yes, i~ this subcommittee agrees with our recommenda- tion that there should be some kind of subsidy for either the interest rate or the closing cost, particularly for the closing costs. We feel this one-half of 1 percent should be amended or abolished in line with that subsidy. Mr. DuNcAN. I have no questions, Mr. Chairman. Mr. BARING. Thank you very much, Mr. Stover. The next witness will be Mr. Ralph Rossignuolo, legislative direc- tor of the AMVETS. STATEMENT OP RALPH ROSSIGNUOLO, LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR OP AMVETS Mr. RossmNuoLo. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee: AMVETS is pleased, indeed proud, to be here on the occasion of its 25th anniversary year to demonstrate its earnest desire to help veterans, especially-Vietnam veterans find housing they can afford, and to urge legislation that will inspire the Vietnam veterans to enroll in school. AMVETS come before this committee deeply concerned with the "dry up" of houses for the 01 home loan program or it can be better said, "lack of," since it seems that most housing is beyond the financial means of the returning Vietnam 01. The 01 home loan program, legislativewise, is appropriate, and the administrative procedures are streamlined to perfection. However, the reports sadly indicate there is very little available 01 mortgage money. In fact, in some places it is virtually impossible to obtain a house uiider a 01 loan. Accordingly, we support the concepts of H.R. 16761, 16762 and 16710. However, we do not feel these measures alone will solve the complex problems cur- rently manifest in the 01 home loan program. Nevertheless, AMVETS are anxious to support any measure which will help to provide housing. AMVETS may be reiterating previous arguments; however, AM VETS still strongly hold that simply the raising of interest rates will not inspire 01 housing loans. This fact is now being vividly proven- in less than 2 years, interest rates have gone from 6 percent to practi- cally 8 percent. Be reminded that the act, giving the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the VA Administrator discre- tionary authority to raise interest rates, was signed into law on May 6, 1968-still, housing is tight. In an attempt to make mortgage money available, AMVETS have previously suggested, and AMVETS suggests again today, the utiliza- tion of the National Service Life Insurance Trust Fund. AMVETS will regard even using portions of the trust fund for 01 home loans at intervals as a step in the right direction. We are certainly hopeful that this committee will recommend en- actment of the three bills before it and we again recommend that the committee take into account the utilization of the National Service Life Insurance Funds for 01 loans. PAGENO="0321" 3731 Contained in H.R. 16762 is an innovation worthy of favorable sup- port by this committee. This bill introduces, for the first time, the concept of providing advanced financial assistance to students who con- template enrollment in college. At the present time, students enroll in college and then hope that their first subsistence check will reach them within the first month of enrollment. This advanced payment will as- sist them in meeting education and living expenses during the crucial period of enrollment. It will also be especially helpful for those mar- ried GI's who have families to support. Accordingly, we feel the in- novation contained in H.R.. 16762 is most worthy of consideration by this committee and AMVETS urge your speedy consideration. AM VETS genuinely appreciate the opportunity of appearing before you to make known its views in regard to the three-mentioned bills. We have one concern with regard to the mobile home program, and that is the entitlement, the use of the entitlement. We feel that for a GI returning to make use of his home loan entitlement for a mobile home which he would contemplate selling in several years it may be a poor decision. We feel this is a poor aspect to the program. Otherwise we are hopeful something can be done to improve the GI home loan program. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. BARING. Mr. Roybal? Mr. ROYBAL. No questions. Mr. BARING. Mr. Duncan? Mr. DUNCAN. I have no questions. Mr. BARING. Thank you very much, Mr. Rossignuolo. Without objection, statements received from the Honorable Law- rence J. Hogan; from Mr. Raleigh W. Greene, legislative chairman of the National League of Insured Savings Associations; from Ameri- can Bankers Association; and correspondence received from the Na- tional Association of Home Builders, from the Honorable Edward J. Patten, from Mortgage Bankers Association, from Consumer Bankers Association, and from Disabled American Veterans will be included in the record at this point. (The statements and other correspondence follows:) STATEMENT OF HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MARYLAND Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcommittee, although my comments do not directly relate to the mobile home loan legislation being considered by your Sub- committee, I would like to briefly call to your attention a matter of interest to my district as well as to the Members of the Subcommittee. Specifically, I am referring to those provisions of Public Law 90-77 which extended until July 25, 1970 the period of eligibility of World War II veterans for 01 home loans. Because of circumstances within my State of Maryland and the Fifth District of Maryland, I feel that many World War II veterans in this area have been robbed of a portion of their period of eligibility for such loans inas- much as during the past year and even now, prior to the expiration of the authority, their ability to purchase the home of their choice with the assistance of such a loan has been all but prohibited. The Members are aware, I am sure, that in those states having usury laws, the present interest rate, which has been in effect for more than a year now, has had a drastic effect upon the housing and mortgage market. In 1969 after the last two major increases in the interest rate, the State of Maryland remained bound by a State usury limit of 8 per cent as well as a limita- tion on the number of points which would be charged. That low usury ceiling led to the withdrawal of private investment funds from the Maryland mortgage 48-254 0 - 70 - 21 PAGENO="0322" 3732 market and finally the withdrawal of the Federal National Mortgage Association, resulting in a "no loan" situation. Many real estate agents stopped sales completely. Others were forced to close down their business offices. Returning veterans from Vietnam were unable to take advantage of the benefits which Congress had given them under the VA mortgage provisions because lenders would not finance homes in Maryland. After approximately nine months of inaction and literal stagnation of the market in Maryland, the State Legislature passed remedial legislation. No sooner had the housing and mortgage market begun to revitalize than on May 20, 1970 the Maryland Department of Health ordered a moratorium on building construction in five areas in the Maryland suburbs, including much of Prince Georges County in my district. This moratorium was the result of serious deficiencies in the system utilized to handle sewage treatment for the suburban Maryland area. The Interior De- partment thereafter quashed plans to expand the Blue Plains Treatment Facility in the District of Columbia which handles much of the sewage from Prince Georges County. The Federal Water Quality Control Administration agreed to an expansion of that facility to only 309 million gallons per day, which is inadequate to meet the needs of the Maryland suburbs. Suburban and state officials, along with the Interior Department, have agreed that Maryland must provide additional plants to take care of new growth in the county and to cover present sewage treatment requirements. This moratorium will continue to be in effect until the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission can provide assurances that the present overload situation has been alleviated, which may be another year away. Just prior to this moratorium, similar bans were in effect in various parts of the area for periods of time. These are the circumstances which have combined to prevent World War II veterans from seeking loans under this authority in the last year or so. Mr. Chairman, I have noted that during consideration of the legislation extending the period of eligibility of World War II veterans to July 25, 1970, Congress did not consider the cost of this program to be significant. If such is still the case, and in view of these factors which have prevented eligible veterans from participating during this period, I urge the Subcommittee Mem- bers to give consideration to further extending the period of eligibility for World War II veterans for one or more years in order that these veterans may be given full opportunity to take advantage of the benefits which Congress intended them to have when authorizing this program. I appreciate having this opportunity to present to the Subcommittee my feel- ings on this matter. THE AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION, Washington., D.C., J~ily 27, 1970. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, Chairman, Committee om Veterans' Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN TEAGUE: This letter is directed to H.R. 10761 and H.R. 16710 which extend the Veterans Home Loan Program to mobile homes. Statistics show that the overwhelming majority of mobile home financing is performed by banks and finance companies. The dollar holdings of commercial banks, as of December 31, 1909, was 3.1 billion dollars. Although Federal Savings and Loan Associations were authorized to enter the mobile home financing field in 1988, to date their partidpation has been minimal. The American Bankers Associa- tion, a Trade Association representing 99% of the commercial banks in our nation, is vitally interested in mobile home financing. This letter does not attempt to go into all details of the legislation before your Committee, but we hope the following comments will prove constructive. The American Bankers Association supports the extension of the guarantee program to mobile homes ~but does not support direct government loans for mobile homes as provided by HR. 16710. The guarantee program, properly drafted, could make private money available fo~ a Veteran Mobile Home Pro- gram. Obviously the leverage in a guarantee program, if successful, should result in considerably more mobile homes for every dollar of government investment than a direct loan program. PAGENO="0323" 3733 Probably the most important factor from the standpoint of lender participa- tion is the interest rate. Under H.R. 16710, the present loan guarantee rate of 8% would apply. We feel that this new Veteran Program for financing mobile homes will not be used if the interest ceiling is not adjusted so as to be com- petitive with other mobile home financing. The lack of participation in `the FHA Title I Mobile Home Programs is an example of the results of a non- market interest rate. Presently the interest rate on loans for mobile home financing is about 12% simple interest and we believe that a similar rate must be allowed if the VA Program is to be successful. H.R. 16761 takes care of this problem by providing `that "The Administrator shall establish such rate... as he determines `to be necessary in order to insure a reasonable supply of mobile home loan financing for veterans . . ." The ABA would prefer a free market rate but feels that the H.R. 16761 provision is workable if the VA recognizes reasonable market requirements in establishing the rate. H.R. 16761 provides that the guarantee will be 30% of the unpaid balance on the loan as of the date of default. We have profound respect for the Veterans Administration determination to limit the program `to sound lenders. However, we feel that the 30% is too low if there is to be no down payment. For example, if the mobile unit is damaged by vandals or if the lender has to make a forced sale himself the 30% guarantee is too low to avoid loss to the lender. In addition, under the proposed VA program, the dealer is going to require a higher markup than on non-insured loans in order to replace dealer reserves, dealer finance participation and dealer insurance participation. The 30 percent guarantee may be acceptable if the lender requires a 10% down payment. If the lender requires a lesser down payment, then the guarantee should be larger, possibly 50%. It is noted that H.R. 16710 requires the veteran to make a down payment in an amount determined by VA to be reasonable but not exceeding 10% of the pur- chase price. The American Bankers Association support the provision in H.R. 16710 which would confine the guaranty authority to loans made by approved lenders but would extend the automatic guaranty privilege to this new program. This will decrease the lag time between sale and delivery and will increase the support for the program by dealers. Processing costs will be reduced. The maximum loan maturity provided for in H.R. 16761 is 12 years and 32 days and in H.R. 16710, 15 years. The ABA believes that both maturities are too long and recommends instead a 10 year maturity which would be more in line with present day 7 to 10 year financing of mobile homes. H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16710 will permit guarantee of a loan up to $10,000 with an additional $3,000 to finance the purchase of a lot on which to place the mobile home. The ABA supports this provision which will permit the veteran who lives in a mobile home to build up equity rather than to rely altogether on rental of a site for his mobile home. However, a number of larger units sell for prices in excess of $10,000 and the committee may wish to consider an increase in the size of loan that can be guaranteed. H.R. 16761 makes applicable to the mobile homes a provision requiring the Veteran to certify that he will occupy the property as his home. The ABA supports this provision. It should be noted that this new program will not be utilized in areas in which antiquated State or local usury laws impose a limitation on interest rates that result in a below market return to investors. The Administration's housing bill, H.R. 16643, which is currently before the House Banking and Currency Com- mittee would exempt FHA and VA loans from usury laws. However, since there is no assurance that this provision will be included in any legislation reported during the 91st Congress, we recommend that your Committee consider an exemption for VA Loans. H.R. 16710 requires payment to the lender of an interest subsidy for veteran home loans. It is noted that the Emergency Housing Act of 1970, provides for payment of an interest rate subsidy that would reduce the interest costJo eligible borrowers on certain middle and low income housing to 7%. This subsidy will be available for the Veteran Housing Program. We agree with the Veterans Administration that this approach is preferable to a subsidy applicable only to veterans. In any event, it should be tried before enactment of additional subsidies. Sincerely, CHARLES 11. MONEILL. PAGENO="0324" 3734 STATEMENT OF RALEIGH W. GREENE, LEGISLATIVE CHAIRMAN, ON BEHALF OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF INSURED SAVINGS AssocIATIoNS Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee. The National League of Insured Savings Associations is a nationwide trade association serving its savings and loan industry members. The National League appreciates the opportunity to comment on those por- tions of H.R. 1~710, H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 that deal with financing the purchase of mobile homes and sites by eligible veterans. Every Federal savings and loan association is authorized to use up to 5 percent of its assets in mobile home financing by virtue of a 1968 amendment to section 5(c) of the Home Owners' Loan Act of 1933 and implementing regula- tions (section 545.7-1 of the Rules and Regulations for the Federal Savings and Loan System). In several states, State-chartered savings and loan associations are also authorized to engage in such financing. The National League deems it most appropriate that Chapter 37 of Title 38 of the United States Code be amended to extend its guarantee, insurance and loan provisions to the purchase of mobile homes by veterans. It also observes that the statutory provisions should vest considerable flexibility as to their application in the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs, in order that intended benefits may actually remain available to eligible veterans during varying phases of the economic cycle. If investment funds are to be attracted to this type of finance during the current high phase of the interest rate cycle, earnings on such investment must be generally commensurate with those available from other methods of financing the purchase of mobile homes by residents. In this respect, the proposed new section 1810a that section 4 of H.R. 16710 would add to Chapter 37 provisions requiring the loan to be made pursuant to other provisions of the chapter that apparently limit the interest rate to that applicable to mortgage loans guaranteed or insured by the Administrator. Even considering the value of the guarantee or insurance, these limits are currently below those generally used for chattel mortgage loans used to finance the pur- chase of mobile homes. In this respect, the provision of proposed new sectic~n 1819(d) that would be added to Chapter 37 by section 4(a) of HR. 16761 and' H.R. 16762 is much more preferable. That provision would authorize the Administrator to establish such rate of interest or discount for mobile home loans as he determines to be necessary to assure a reasonable supply of mobile home financing for veterans. The Federal Housing Administration's Title I portfolio insurance for mobile home loans currently provides for a range of annual interest rates from 7.97 percent to 10.57 percent. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board regulation places no Federal limit on the interest rate for mobile home loans, thus leaving the rates subject to applicable State usury laws. We favor the provision in proposed section 1819(c) of Chapter 37 (H.R.. 16761 and H.R. 16762) which allows the Administrator to use the manufacturer's invoice cost to the mobile home dealer as a guideline for fixing the maximum principal amount of a loan. In view of the increasing quality features being built into mobile homes and the uncertainty of price levels, the Committee may wish to consider deleting the proposed statutory limit of $10,000 as the maximum amount of a loan in all three bills. Likewise, the Committee may wish to consider raising or leaving with the Administrator to determine the allowable value of a lot to which the mobile home purchaser may acquire title as a site for the home (Proposed section 1819 of Chapter 37, H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762) This is especially true if the loan proceeds are intended (as in proposed section 1810a (a), H.R. 16710) to be sufficient to pay for preparation of the site for use, such as by installing utility connections, sanitation facilities and a foundation upon which the home will rest. We believe the loan pattern should preferably permit inclusion of such preparation of the site. Proposed section 1819 (H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762) appear to leave within the Administrator's regulatory discretion the amount of down payment a veteran is permitted to make. This seems preferable to the provision in proposed section 1810a (b) (6), H.R. 16710 that would limit the down payment to 10 per cent of the purchase price. H.R. 16710 would provide that iSO per cent of an eligible loan be gttaranteed (section 1803(a) of Chapter 37 as proposed to be amended by section 3 of H.R. PAGENO="0325" 3735 16710), but H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 would provide only a 30 per cent guarantee of the loan (section 1819(b) and (e) as proposed to be added by section 4(a) of ER. 16761 and HR. 16762). Naturally, a 50 per cent guarantee is likely to attract more investment than the 30 per cent guarantee, other terms and conditions being equal. The decision is one for the Congress to make. By comparison, the FHA Title I program offers an overall 10 per cent guarantee of a lending institution's entire portfolio of eligible loans, with the lender being required to absorb 10 per cent of the loss on each guaranteed loan. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board statute and regulations provide no guar- antees, the lending institution being expected to rely on its managerial ability to make sound conventional loans. The loans may be secured by recourse or repur- chase agreements with the mobile home dealer, dealer reserve provisions and insurance. It is for the Committee to decide whether it wishes to require the veteran to pay a fee of up to 1/2 of 1 per cent of the amount of a loan for a loan guarantee. While such a payment would help to make the program self-liquidating by build- ing up a fund to be used for payment of guarantees, it would obviously also increase the cost of the loan to the veteran. Omitting that requirement would result in the cost of guarantee payouts to be assumed by the Federal Government, if the program is to remain generally competitive in the mobile home finance mar- ket. It would also be a compromise from proposed section 1819(b) of Chapter 37 in H.R. 16710 which would have the Administrator subsidize 1 per cent per annum of the interest due from the veteran during the first 36 months of the loan. One broader decision of policy is invited to the Committee's attention. While the term "mobile home" carries a connotation of a specific product in the current market, a fairly rapid evolution has occurred in the product from the earlier days of the "trailer". That rapid evolution continues. Today's industrial- ized housing techniques tend to attract manufacturers of mobile homes to a product that is portable, though not mobile in the sense that it can be towed on its own undercarriage. Perhaps the Committee may want to consider utilizing a definition of mobile home that employs as a feature to distinguish it from conventionally-built homes the fact that the housing is normally designed to be transported to the site where it is to be used as a residence. In other words, the Committee may wish to consider making the concept of a "mobile home" more flexible so that technological developments will not render the proposed statute useless in the marketplace to come. Section 5 of H.R. 16710 would adapt the direct loan program to the financing of mobile homes. We raise no objection to the use of this technique where loans from private lending institutions are not available at market rates. But as noted earlier, it is dubious that the direct loan program for mobile homes should hinge on the current provision in section 1811 (c) (1) of Chapter 37 that the veteran "is unable to obtain from a private lender in such housing credit shortage area, at an interest rate not in excess of the rate authorized for guaranteed home loans, a loan for such purpose-". As noted earlier discount rates aplicable to chattel loans are normally higher than simple interest rates applicable to mortgage loans secured by a first lien on real estate. Subject to these observations, the National League favors the enactment of provisions such as proposed section 1819 of Chapter 37 in H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762 or proposed section 1810a of Chapter 37 in H.R.16710. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS, Washington, D.C., July 13, 1970. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, Chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, Washing- ton, D.C. DEAR Mit. CHAIRMAN: On behalf of the National Association of Home Builders I am pleased to submit the following statement on H.R. 16710, H.R. 16761 and H.R. 16762, in so far as these bills deal with the elimination of application dead- lines for VA direct and guaranteed home loans and the providing of such loans for the purchase of mobile homes and lots. The National Association of Home Builders is the trade association for the home building industry. Membership in NAHB now totals approximately 51,000, affiliated in 481 local and state associations throughout the 50 states and Puerto Rico. We estimate that our members build about two thirds of all the homes and apartments constructed by professional builders. PAGENO="0326" 3736 Our Association is firmly on record for reinstating those veterans' entitlements which have expired and for the elimination of all termination dates on such entitlements. On May 25 of this year at our Annual Spring Board of Directors meeting, we adopted the following resolution with respect to eligibility for VA programs: ~A ELIGIBILITY "Whereas, more than 8 million veterans are no longer eligible for VA loan benefits since their entitlement has expired, and Whereas, limiting of such entitlement often causes a veteran to rush his pur- chase of a home, and Whereas, legislation now before Congress would eliminate the practice of removing such entitlement from those now already eligible and reinstate those entitlements already expired. Now, therefore, be it resolved, That NAHB support legislation to insure that all veterans who are entitled to the benefits of the VA loan programs shall retain such eligibility regardless of the dates or term of service." There are two features of H.R. 16710 which I should like to comment upon. These provide for payment by the Veterans Administration of closing costs of up to 1% of the loan amount and for the payment by the Veterans Admintstra- tion of 1% of the interest on the loan for a three-year period. While our associa- tion has taken no formal stand on these particular provisions, they appear to be an equitable attempt to aid the veteran to overcome the obstacles to home owner- ship for which high interest rates are responsible. Our Association has no established policy with respect to VA guaranteed and direct loans for the purchase of mobile homes or lots for mobile homes. Sincerely, LOUIS R. BARBA, President. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, D.C., July 16, 1970. Hon. OLIN TEAGUE, Chairman, House Veterans' Affairs Committee Cannon House Office Building, Washington., D.C. DEAR Mn. CHAIRMAN: I strongly urge the Veterans' Affairs Committee to eliminate deadlines for Veterans' Administration home loan guarantees. As you know, the deadline expires on July 25th for veterans of World War II, as well as later deadlines for those who served in Korea, the post-Korea period and Vietnam. Presently, an estimated 1.4 million veterans of World War II are still eligible and I believe the deadline should be eliminated in case they want to purchase a home. Almost 5.5 million World War II veterans have benefitted from the home loan guarantee program and I'm certain that many of the remaining 1.4 million of World War II who remain eligible have plans to buy homes in the future. Although the deadline for Korean veterans is years away-January 3rd, 1975-and March 3rd, 1976, for post-Korean veterans-I am convinced that all deadlines should be eliminated. Mr. Chairman, persons who have served their country deserve the best-in education, in training, in health-especially from the government they helped to preserve, or Save. Under existing law, eligibility for all veterans expires 10 years following discharge from active duty, in addition to one year for each three months of active duty. Extending the deadlines for home loan guarantees and other areas is not satisfactory to me. Our duty and gratitude to American servicemen shOuld have no deadline. Our duty and gratitude should last as long as they live-and even continue after they have died. Sincerely, EDWARD J. PATTEN. P.S. Please include this letter in the hearings. PAGENO="0327" 3737 MORTGAGE BANKERS ASsoCIATION OF AMERICA, Washington, D.C., July 31, 1970. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, Chairman, House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.s. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. TEAGUE: This is to comment on the following bills currently being considered by the Subcommittee on Housing of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs: H.R. 16710 and H.R. 16762. The Mortgage Bankers Association of Amer- ica, whose members are the largest originators and servicers of VA-guaranteed loans, support the provision, contained in both these bills, to have the VA home loan guaranty benefit apply to mobile homes. Faced with the problems of a hous- ing shortage and inflation, we would be foolish to overlook the mobile home, a low-cost readily-available type of housing. The bill introduced by you, Mr. Chairman, and the Administration's bill, in- troduced by you by request, have some points in common and some points of difference. Assuming that the Subcommittee will report out a bill having the best features of both, we offer you here for the Subcommittee's consideration our opinion as to the main features of the proposed VA mobile home loan guaranty program. Generally, we encourage the Subcommittee to make the pro- gram as flexible as possible to encourage maximum participation by veteran home buyers, mobile home producers, mobile park developers, and mortgage lenders. The FHA mobile home insurance program, which is quite restrictive, has seen little activity. 1. Mortgage Security.-Home ownership traditionally involves ownership of the land as well as the improvements. It is socially more desirable to encourage permanent neighborhoods than transient trailer camps. Mobile homes are strug- gling to reach the dignity and stature of permanent dwellings, and this measure would significantly boost that effort. 2. Used Units-Because additional housing units are greatly needed in this country, the development of new mobile home units should be encouraged. But such encouragement should not be enacted without regard to the need for lower- cost housing during these inflationary times. Veterans returning from Viet Nam are young men generally with lower incomes. Housing within their means should be available to them. Permitting a percentage, such as up to 25 percent, of guaranties to be on used mobile homes would help provide much-needed lower- cost housing. 3. The Ecotent of the Guaranty.-The higher the guaranty, the more attractive will the program be. Accordingly, the maximum feasible guaranty should be afforded. 4. Approved Lenders.-The VA home loan program has been quite successful, and VA's reliance upon approved lenders has been largley responsible for this. Such success commends the system to the mobile home loan program. We are opposed to having the "automatic privilege" available in this program. We have found VA's extension to certain select lenders of the privilege to submit loans without prior VA approval to be highly discriminatory with regard to other VA-approved lenders. The select lenders have certain definite competitive ad- vantages over non-select lenders. 5. L'iquidation.-Also likely to attract investors would be a VA policy of accept- ing assignments of defaulted mortgages. Investors would much prefer a program in which the liquidation responsibility is in VA rather than in themselves. 6. Dowiipaymen.t.-The VA no down'payment program has been much appre- ciated by veterans and very popular. Because part of the aim of this program is to make mobile homes more popular, the no downpayment provisions should apply to it also. 7. Maximwm Mortgage Amount and Term of Mortgagc.-The amount of the mortgage should be no more than the appraised value of the security, be it mobile home or land or both. The term of the mortgage should `be shorter than the usable life of the mobile home unit so that there will be incentives to make final pay- ments. We trust the Subcommittee will base the limits it sets on mortgage amounts `and terms on good reliable statistics as to average costs and life spans. 8. Interest Rate.-The main reason FHA's mobile home program has not been received well by investors is the administered interest rate which is far below the return investors are getting on conventional mobile home loans. This provi- sion will be the key to success for the entire program. The rate should be a free PAGENO="0328" 3738~ rate determined by the market place. Investors will find this attractive and will provide the funds needed to finance mobile home financing. The Mortgage Bankers Asseciation of America has long opposed direct lending by VA in areas where private industry stood ready, willing and able to make loans. The Federal Government does not have the resources to finance all housing in this country. Where private industry can do the job, it should be permitted to do so. Private lenders will finance VA guaranteed mobile home loans if the pro- gram is structured in a way to make investment attractive. We urge the Sub- committee to be sure this is done. Sincerely, OLIVER H. JONES, E~'ecu.tivc Five President. THE cONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION, Was hingtom, DXI., July 31, 1970. Hon. OUN E. TEAGUE, Chairmau, Uonvrnittee o~n Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, DXI. DEAR Ma. CHAIRMAN: The Consumer Bankers Association appreciates the op- portunity to submit this statement in regard to proposals before your commit- tee to provide for the guarantee by the Veterans Administration of loans made for the purchase of mobile homes. The proposals are contained in HR. 16710, which you introduced on March 26, 1970, and HR. 16761, which Congressman Charles M. Teague introduced by request on April 6, 1970. The membership of The Consumer Bankers Association is comprised of over 220 commercial banks engaged in providing installment loans to millions of con- sumers in 29 States and the District of Columbia. These banks together ac- count for a substantial percentage of all consumer loans outstanding at com- mercial banks. Our membership, which includes many large and small, urban and rural banks, is broadly representative of the commercial bank instalment lending field. We accept your committee's view that it is time to expand the loan guarantee program of the Veterans Administration to permit the guarantee of loans made to veterans for the purchase of mobile homes. It is likely that many families of comparatively limited means would benefit from an expanded VA loan program in the mobile home field. This is especially true now that the goal of buying a house is financially beyond the reach of many Americans. CBA has reviewed the legislation from the lender's viewpoint, in the hope that the program can be made as realistic and straightforw-ard as possible We believe our recommendations will help make the program attractive to lenders and will thus make it a viable program. In reviewing the legislation before the committee, CBA makes the follow- ing recommendations: (1) That the Administrator of the Veterans Administration be given au- thority to set the maximum rate of interest for loans on which he would issue a guarantee; (2) That sufficient flexibility be provided for the Administrator to es- tablish downpayment requirements by regulation; (3) That the committee make clear that the vast majority of guaranteed loans be made for maturities of no more than 10 years; and (4) That the Administrator be given authority to exempt regulated lend ers such as commercial banks from the requirement that prior approval l)e given by VA on each loan application. Our concern about the rate of interest to be allowed under the program stems from the stark realities of the marketplace. Permitting the Administrator au- thority to establish the rate of interest on guaranteed loans is a step, but only a step, in implementing a realistic program. To make the program attractive to legitimate lenders-in other words, to make the program work-the Adminis- trator must be encouraged to fix a rate that closely approaches current market rates for mobile home paper. It may come as an unpleasant surprise to persons unfamiliar w-ith present lending rates, but it is nevertheless a fact that a rate of 12% simple annual interest is about the m in-fm urn which a lender can afford in making mobile home. loans. This rate is, as you know, slightly more than 4% more than the maximum PAGENO="0329" 3739 allowable under the recently-authorized mobile home loan guarantee program under PHA Title I. The fact that the 4% gap exists accounts for the fact that the FHA program is virtually dormant. I am sure the committee would not want to arrive at the same result. As a further means of safeguarding the integrity of the loan guarantee pro- gram, we suggest that the commtitee provide the Administrator with authority to set down payment guidelines. We do not believe it would be appropriate for the Administrator to extend guarantees on loans made up to 100% of the pur- chase price of a mobile home. In fact, we believe that the maximum loan amount should not exceed 90% of the purchase price. Closely allied with this point is our concern that the Administrator be directed to encourage lenders to establish realistic maturities for these loans. In our experience, a maturity limit of 10 years would cover just about every purchase of the kind of mobile home which is envisioned under the program. There are, of course, types of mobile homes which might justify longer amortization periods, but we believe buyers a;ble to purchase these more elaborate homes have no need for the loan guarantee program. If the committee does not write a 10-year maturity limit into the statute, then we believe it should make it clear in its report that shorter maturities are to be the rule. Our fourth point is perhaps our most vitai. We strongly believe that the Ad- ministrator should be granted authority to waive his prior approval rights for classes of lenders such as commercial banks. Commercial banks already have enormous expertise in the mobile home lending field. In addition, they are closely regulated by either Federal or state agencies, and sometimes both. To ask banks to submit to the requirement of prior approval of each loan made under this program would seriously hamper bank participation in the program and serve no useful purpose. We see no reason, in fact, why prior approval of loans should be asked of banks or any other financial institutions which are chartered, exam- ined, and supervised by governmental bodies. CBA takes no position on the merits of the direct loan provision in H.R. 16710. As we understand it, the provision is designed to provide a credit source for eligible veterans who live outside normal lending areas and whO wish to purchase mobile homes. This is a laudable purpose, but we do question whether a credit scarcity exists in rural areas of sufficient dimensions to warrant enact- ment of the proposal. Our members believe that any direct loan authority should be u~sed sparingly and only where a clear need exists. The direct loan program should in no event serve as a substitute for the guaranteed loan program. Our members in rural areas assuredly will remain alert to the loan needs of qualified veterans who seek credit under terms of the guarantee program, and will, in our view, supply the needed credit. This concludes our remarks on the two bills before your committee. We have not attempted to furnish a comprehensive analysis, but we have submitted this statement in the hope that the experience of our members that we have shared with you will prove helpful to the committee in drafting suitable legislation. Sincerely yours, HERBERT W. RITTER, President. DISABLED AMERICAN VNrERANS, JuZy 13, 1970. Hon. WALTER S. BARING, Chairman, &~bcommittee on Housing, Committee on Veterans Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. BARING: Thank you for extending us this opportunity of presenting the views of the Disabled American Veterans in connection with the veterans' home loan legislation now under consideration by your Subcommittee. The official position of the Disabled American Veterans in regard to the VA guaranteed and insured loan programs is contained in Resolutions #158 and #394 and is reflected by HR-18182 and HR-18183, introduced by Representative Seymour Halpern at our request. In view of the fact that the delegates in attendance at our most recent Na- tional Convention did not consider any resolutions covering guaranteed and direct loans for the purchase of mobile homes, we have no official position on this subject. We believe, however, that approval of HR-16710, the Veterans' Housing Loan Amendment Act of 1970, would add considerably to the value of the Veterans' Home Loan Program at a time when the improvements provided by the bill are sorely needed. PAGENO="0330" 3740 High interest rates and the continually increasing costs of home ownership have priced many of this country's veterans out of the housing market. The provisions of HR-16710 which would remove the delimiting dates and revive unused entitlement for World War II and Korean conflict veterans, would pre- serve this valuable benefit for future use at a time when these veterans may be in a better financial position to qualify for a home loan. In the meantime, that section of the bill which would authorize the Veterans Administration to guarantee loans for the purchase of mobile homes would be of great benefit to the large number of low- and middle-income veterans who are presently unable to purchase conventional housing on terms that are within their payment ability. Under terms of the bill, the VA could guarantee up to $10,000 at the rate of 50 percent of the total loan value for a mobile home intended for use as a resi- dence at a fixed location. The guarantee could be increased up to $3,000 for land to be used as the home site, and by an additional reasonable amount to cover necessary expenses for preparation of such site. Other sections of the bill would eliminate the fee of `,`~ of 1 percent of the total loan amount which post-Korean conflict veterans receiving guaranteed and direct loans are required to pay to the Veterans Administration, and entitle a veteran receiving a guaranteed or direct loan to VA payment of the first point of interest accruing on the loan principal for the first five years of the loan. Finally, the bill would require the Administrator of Veterans Affairs to pay to the lender on behalf of the veteran recipient of a guaranteed or direct loan, closing costs for the loan or a sum to be applied toward such closing costs equal to 1 percent of the amount of the loan, whichever is the smaller. In closing, Mr. Chairman, may we again express our appreciation to the Sub- committee on housing for the major improvements in the Veterans' Home Loan Programs which it has sponsored and for its continuing efforts to improve the welfare of America's veterans. - Respectfully yours, CHARLES L. HUBER, National Director of Legislation. Enclosures. VA GUARANTEED AND INSURED LOANS (ResOlution No. 394, Legislative) Whereas the original intent of the VA Guaranteed and Insured loan program was to make home loans available to veterans on relatively favorable terms, and Whereas the rapidly rising interest rates and increasing shortages of mort- gage credit have had an extremely detrimental effect upon the veterans' home loan program, and Whereas the recommendations of the Commission on Mortgage Interest Rates would remove the statutory six percent ceilings on VA loans and permit these interest rates to seek their own level by competition in the open market, and Whereas the Disabled American Veterans believes that it is the best interest of America's veterans to preserve the original intent of the GI loan program, now, therefore, be it Resolved, by the Disabled American Veterans in National Convention assem- bled in the City of Miami Beach, Florida, August 24 through August 30, 1969. that the statutory interest rate of six percent be re-established and be it further Resolved that if an eligible veteran is unable to find a private lender willing to make a VA Guaranteed Loan at the six percent interest rate, the Veterans' Administration be authorized to make such veteran a direct loan through the use of government funds. - REQUESTING AN INCREASE ix VA DIRECT LOANS TO $25,000 (Resolution No. 158, Legislative) Resolved, by the Disabled American Veterans in National Convention assem- bled at Miami Beach, Florida, August 24 to 30, 1969, that we urge our Senators and Representatives in Congress to support legislation to increase the maximum amount on VA Direct Home Loans to $25,000. Mr. BARING. That concludes the witnesses for this morning. The com- mittee will stand adjourned. (`Whereupon, at 11 :15 a-.m. the committee adjourned.) 0