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Date: April 19, 2024 Fri
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chile
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chile
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66 total results foundAuthor: Lehrer, Evelyn Title: Religion and Intimate Partner Violence in Chile: Macro- and Micro-Level Influences Summary: The Catholic Church has had a strong influence on the Chilean legal and social landscape in ways that have adversely affected victims of intimate partner violence; e.g., it succeeded until just five years ago in blocking efforts to legalize divorce. At the same time, quantitative studies based on survey data from the United States and other countries show a generally favorable influence of religion on health and many other domains of life, including intimate partner violence. This study explores the puzzle posed by these seemingly opposing macro- and micro-level forces. Results based on data from the 2005 Survey of Student Well-Being, a questionnaire on gender based violence administered to students at a large public university in Chile, show that moderate or low levels of religiosity are associated with reduced vulnerability to violence, but high levels are not. This non-linearity sheds light on the puszzle, because at the macro level the religious views shaping Chile's legal and social environment have been extreme. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource; IZA Discussion Paper No. 4067 Year: 2009 Country: Chile Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 113963 |
Author: Benavente, José Miguel Title: Identifying the Determinants of Crime Occurrence and the Deterring Impact of Police: Evidence Across Chilean Households Summary: We analyze the socio-economic and demographic determinants of crime across Chilean households. In particular, we are interested on the impact that police has on deterring crime. Novel evidence is presented and an instrumental variable correction is performed to avoid the typical reverse causality problem of police on crime. We use multilevel probit and count models to estimate different crime equations. Results indicate that socioeconomic and demographic characteristics have heterogeneous impact on crimes. In terms of police deterrence effects, our results reveal that the number of police officers has no impact on crimes suffered by families (except for burglary) while the true impact of police is determined by the workload that police must face. According to the results, a 10% increase in the workload rate (per 100,000 residents), would raise the crime rates by around 10%. Details: Santiago, Chile: University of Chile, Department of Economics, 2012. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Serie Documentos Detrabajo, SDT 348: Accessed January 30, 2013 at: http://www.econ.uchile.cl/uploads/publicacion/be4549be12d184c9603db2d8bbca7c552ff366ca.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Chile Keywords: Crime (Chile) Shelf Number: 127446 |
Author: Rodriguez, Alfredo Title: Understanding the Tipping Point of Urban Conflict: The Case of Santiago, Chile Summary: This working paper presents the results of the research project on Understanding the tipping point of urban conflict: violence, cities and poverty reduction in the developing world, undertaken in Santiago, Chile. The paper consists of two sections: the city profile and the sub-city study. The city profile uses secondary sources and is structured in two chapters. Chapter 1 presents changes in the city’s structure that have developed over the last 40 years, identifying the tipping points that have marked the process of neoliberal urban development. Chapter 2 establishes what is understood by ‘violence’ and offers an analysis of the types and categories of urban violence in Santiago. The sub-city study, Chapter 3, is presented in the second section of this working paper. This chapter describes results of the Participatory Violence Appraisal methodology applied in three urban areas of Santiago. The sub-city study identifies violence-related problems that affect women and men both in public places and in the home, tipping points and violence chains at the sub-city level, as well as institutions linked to violence in the three areas. The sub-city study highlighted the fact that all three city areas evidence manifestations of direct violence that are economic, socio-economic and social in nature. Participants reported the existence of violence against people as well as violence against property. However, when asked about the causes of these violence-related problems, all of them ventured explanations revealing the existence of a much deeper and widespread problem rooted in structural violence and legitimated by cultural violence. This reality is clearly demonstrated by the three case studies. Details: Manchester, UK: Urban Tipping Point, University of Manchester, 2012. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper # 3: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://www.urbantippingpoint.org/documents/Working%20Papers/WP3_Santiago.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Chile Keywords: Poverty Shelf Number: 129348 |
Author: Ruprah, Inder J. Title: An Impact Evaluation of a Neighbourhood Crime Prevention Program: Does Safer Commune Make Chileans Safer? Summary: Safer Commune is a neighbourhood crime prevention program in Chile. It has failed according to some critics who cite as evidence the rising crime rates and fear of crime in municipalities with the program. This is incorrect. Valid empirical evidence would be the crime rates that would have been observed without the program. Such an impact evaluation - using double difference propensity score method- reveals that the program has reduced high crimes particularly of two types of crimes namely battery and theft. Thus, high crimes would have been 19% higher in the communes without the program; the program has made Chileans safer. Active participation in the program by local residents has reduced insecurity and increased security; it reduced the fear of crime. However, with very low active participation in the program the scale of the effect is low. These positive evaluative findings suggest that an expansion of the program but simultaneously enhancing co-production of order through mechanisms to encourage local resident participation would have high returns. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank Office of Evaluation and Oversight. 2008. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 6, 2013 at: Working Paper: OVE/WP-09/08 Year: 2008 Country: Chile Keywords: Community Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 131587 |
Author: Sanhueza, Guillermo E. Title: Exploring Correlates of Prison Violence in Chilean Prisons: Examining nationwide, administrative data Summary: In modern times, imprisonment has been established as punishment and not for punishment, which means that the only right that is suspended has to do with freedom of movement. Nevertheless, serving a sentence in Chilean prisons has become a form of continuous punishment that extends far beyond the mere deprivation of liberty. Indeed, Chilean prisons have been criticized for their levels of overcrowding, lack of access to rehabilitative programs, and for their levels of mistreatment towards inmates. In addition, violence has become a common, daily reality in many facilities throughout the country. Its occurrence is problematic not only because it threats security and order inside prisons, but also because it undermines any attempt to successfully develop rehabilitative initiatives inside prison walls. Despite that prison violence has been studied in developed nations, much remains unanswered for developing countries. Thus, this dissertation will try to fill part of this gap by analyzing the correlates of violent events in Chilean prisons as well as by examining which theory of prison violence (among deprivation, administrative-control and importation) seemed to better explain the study's results. In order to do that, this study employed a combination of both administrative data from the Chilean Bureau of Prisons (Gendarmeria de Chile) and some results of the First National Survey on Inmates' Perception of Quality of Life, conducted in 2013 (Sanhueza, in press). Anchored in the literature review and on empirical findings on prison violence, this study included six representative indicators coming for the three theories tested, while controlling for total inmate population size. Then, descriptive analyses and a series of multivariate, negative binomial regression models were run. Main results indicated that the two importation variables (average inmates' age and the proportion of inmates highly-engaged in criminal activities) and the control variable remained significant in the full model. Finally, this study highlights some of their possibilities and limitations, as well as suggests some further research questions and policy implications. Details: Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2014. 123p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 28, 2016 at: https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/110463/gesanhue_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2014 Country: Chile Keywords: Correctional Administration Shelf Number: 138448 |
Author: Diaz, Juan Title: The Impact of Grade Retention on Juvenile Crime Summary: Using detailed administrative and individual data on schooling and crime records from Chile, we estimate the effect of grade retention between 4th and 8th grade on juvenile crime. We take advantage of a rule which specifies that students who fail more than one subject must repeat the year. We present two empirical strategies to address the strong evidence that the forcing variable is - locally - manipulated. First, we follow Barreca, Guldi, Lindo, and Waddell (2011) to implement a donuthole fuzzy regression discontinuity design (FRD). Second, we extend the approach developed by Keele, Titiunik, and Zubizarreta (2015) to implement a method that combines matching with FRD. These two methodologies deliver similar results and both show no statistically significant effect in a placebo test. According to our results, grade retention increases the probability of juvenile crime by 1.6 percentage point (pp), an increase of 33% (higher for males and low SES students). We also find that grade retention increases the probability of dropping out by 1.5pp. Regarding mechanisms, our findings suggest that the effect of grade retention on crime does not only operate through its effect on dropping out and that the effect of grade retention on crime is worsened when students switch school right after failing the grade. Details: Santiago: University of Chile, Department of Economics, 2016. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Serie Documentos de Trabajo, No. 429: Accessed October 12, 2016 at: http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/140504/The-Impact-of-Grade.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2016 Country: Chile Keywords: Education and Crime Shelf Number: 145440 |
Author: Perez Morgado, Paula Title: Youth Justice Reform in Chile: Origins and Results Summary: In its recent history, Chile has developed several reforms to its justice system. Amongst them, the reform to youth justice has taken place and its effects have yet to be fully investigated. This thesis analyses the origins and impact of legal reform in the youth justice field. The policy-making process is examined to discover which elements have had influence over the policy and implementation. Youth justice reform in Chile was propelled by the re-democratisation process undertaken following Pinochet leaving government and the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, both events occurred in 1990. The research objectives of this thesis are addressed using a mixed methods strategy in which primary and secondary qualitative and quantitative data are analysed. I have reviewed the parliamentary debate of the new Act and have interviewed key experts to analyse the context of the reform, as well as comparing judicial files for young people, processed by courts located in Santiago de Chile before and after the reform, which will help to reveal the changes in the legal procedure. From exploring the policy-making process of this reform, I have reached two main conclusions. First, in a democratic context a series of stakeholders have to reach agreements responding to external forces that can be, as in this case, highly contradictory. For Chilean youth justice reform, two predominant groups holding opposite views have been identified: one group sought to adapt local legislation to international standards while the other tried to use this piece of legislation to demonstrate that something was being done about crime control. Findings from the case analysis show that while improvements to the procedure are effectively happening, there are a series of problems that need to be resolved in order to accomplish the objectives that the current Act contains (of holding young people responsible for their offences and simultaneously offering programmes that would favour their social reintegration). Details: London: King's College London, 2014. 301p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 14, 2016 at: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/44637325/2014_Morgado_Paula_Perz_0731910_ethesis.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Chile Keywords: Juvenile Justice Policy Shelf Number: 144803 |
Author: Solar, Carlos Title: The Governance of Organised Crime in Chile 1990-2014 Summary: The re-democratisation of Chile set an important landmark for the governing of the country's security. Despite the initial effort undertaken by the democratically elected authorities to ensure the rule of law, the passing of time soon exposed the state's limited capacity for confronting the pressing risks that came along with more openness in the country. The perilous evidence of organised crime swarming in the country caught many of the country’s public security actors unaware and thus confused regarding their response. A series of factors undermining an encompassing response to complex criminality were evident. Public security institutions lacked the knowledge, skills, and resources and, what is more, they were highly divorced from one another due to their previous experiences in delivering security within a dictatorship. However, and almost 25 years later, the governance of organised crime had been transformed into a complex engagement of policy dissimilar to that of early re-democratisation. Multiple public institutions, demonstrating a set of highly interconnected relationships, were able to engage in policy networks to put forth a series of security policy plans. This thesis aims to explore the scholarly relevance of such governance evolution by asking the following research question: how can we explain the governing relationships that Chile’s public institutions have put up to confront organised crime since redemocratisation? This research project explains therefore how public security actors have been able to move away from inward and hierarchical patterns of policy action and develop instead horizontal relations that favour an inter-institutional style of policy-making. Through its empirical research, this thesis argues that Chile's state bureaucracies have been able to steer the governance of organised crime; however, not within the realms of a central unified authority, but through a set of self-governing institutions that, since the 1990 return to democracy, have gradually adopted norms, practices, and beliefs. Details: York, UK: University of York, 2016. 298p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed December 7, 2016 at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42606048.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Chile Keywords: Criminal Networks Shelf Number: 147929 |
Author: Salgado, Hugo Title: Using Taxes to Deter Illegal Fishing in ITQ Systems Summary: We study the effects of different tax schemes used in fishery management in combination with an Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system. We focus on the effects of taxes on equilibrium quota prices and violations under the assumption that enforcement to induce compliance is imperfect and costly. The use of taxes is motivated by the regulator's need to recover costs for enforcement activities. We propose basing these taxes on the price of the processed products because such a policy would reduce violations and because the information necessary to implement it is available. We also show that this tax has a double pay-off for enforcement because it reduces the demand for illegal fishing and increases revenue for enforcement activities without producing a dead-weight loss in the quota market. We present an application of our model to the case of the red shrimp fishery in Chile. In our simulation example, a tax of 7% on the price of fish exports could sufficiently reduce harvest demand and generate enough funding to completely eliminate quota violations, which, in the absence of taxes, can be more than 100% of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC). At the same time, this tax could increase the equilibrium quota price by 19%. Details: s.l.: Environment for Development, 2015. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Paper Series 15-03: Accessed May 19, 2017 at: http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/EfD-DP-15-03.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Chile Keywords: Fishing Industry Shelf Number: 145634 |
Author: Hombrados, Jorge Garcia Title: What Is the Causal Effect of Poverty on Property Crime? Evidence from Chile Summary: In February 27th 2010, an earthquake Richter magnitude 8.8 affects the south of Chile leading to increases in poverty rates in municipalities of the south and the center of Chile. This study exploits the variation in the exposure of Chilean municipalities to this exogenous income shock combining instrumental variables and spatial panel econometric models to investigate the causal effect of poverty on property crime at the municipality level in Chile. Preliminary results show that once endogeneity and spatial dependence are accounted for, poverty has a strong and significant effect on property crime, measured as incidence of car thefts. A 10 percentage points increase in poverty incidence increases in 54 the number of car thefts per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the study shows that the incidence of property crime of a municipality is not only affected by its poverty level but also by the level of poverty in neighbour municipalities. The significance of the effect of poverty on property crime is robust to alternative specifications, econometric models and to other robustness checks. Details: Unpublished paper, 2015. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 27, 2018 at: http://lacer.lacea.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/53025/lacea2015_effect_poverty_property_crime.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2015 Country: Chile Keywords: Automobile Theft Shelf Number: 149271 |
Author: Gutierrez, Mauro Title: Socio-economic and geographic profiling of crime in Chile Summary: Many empirical studies of crime assume that victims and perpetrators live in a single geographical unit, the implication being that the socio-economic characteristics of victims places of residence can be treated as determinants of crime. This study offers an alternative approach which consists in measuring crime by the proportion of alleged offenders in the whole population and treating the characteristics of their home communes as socio-economic causes of criminal behaviour. The conclusion is that those charged with crimes present a high degree of geographic mobility. In the case of economically motivated crimes, the evidence partly supports Becker's propositions. Lastly, we show that the number of people charged with crimes tends to be greater in communes that have low incomes, a larger police presence, a predominance of urban areas with higher levels of education and a geographical location in the north of the country, which to some degree bears out the findings of other studies on Chile. Details: Santiago: Department of Economics, University of Chile, 2009. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Cepal Review 98: Accessed March 26, 2018 at: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/11484/1/98159174I_en.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Chile Keywords: Crime Measurement Shelf Number: 149562 |
Author: Saens N, Rodrigo Title: How Much is the Cost of Crime in Chile? Summary: Using annual data for period 1994-2014, in this work we estimate and analyze the cost of crime in Chile. It is used an economic-accounting approach to distinguish between three types of costs: cost of crime prevention, cost of crime consequences and cost of crime response. The results of this exercise show an increasing trend of the total cost of crime, from 1.6 percent of GDP in 1994 to 2.5 percent of GDP in 2014. Although public resources to prevent and repel crime have increased considerably over the past 20 years, the private security industry shows a significant expansion in the same period. This shows that in Chile there is still a gap between the security demanded by citizens and the security provided by government institutions. Details: Chile: Facultad de Economia y Negocios de la Universidad de Talca, 2015. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 8, 2018 at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281361292_Cuanto_cuesta_el_delito_en_Chile Year: 2015 Country: Chile Keywords: Chile Shelf Number: 153343 |
Author: Gonzalez-Lira, Andres Title: Slippery Fish: Enforcing Regulation under Subversive Adaptation Summary: Attempts to curb illegal activity through regulation gets complicated when agents can adapt to circumvent enforcement. Economic theory suggests that conducting audits on a predictable schedule, and (counter-intuitively) at high frequency, can undermine the effectiveness of audits. We conduct a large-scale randomized controlled trial to test these ideas by auditing Chilean vendors selling illegal fish. Vendors circumvent penalties through hidden sales and other means, which we track using mystery shoppers. Instituting monitoring visits on an unpredictable schedule is more effective at reducing illegal sales. High frequency monitoring to prevent displacement across weekdays to other markets backfires, because targeted agents learn faster and cheat more effectively. Sophisticated policy design is therefore crucial for determining the sustained, longer-term effects of enforcement. A simpler demand-side information campaign generates two-thirds of the gains compared to the most effective monitoring scheme, it is easier for the government to implement, and is almost as cost-effective. The government subsequently chose to scale up that simpler strategy. Details: Bonn, Germany: IZA Institute of Labor Economics, 2019. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper Series: No. 12179: Accessed March 26, 2019 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp12179.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Chile Keywords: Consumer Fraud Shelf Number: 155163 |
Author: Rivera, Lorena Title: Ninos, Ninas y Adolescentes con Madres y Padres Encarcelados por Delitos de Drogas Menores no Violentos (Children, Girls and Adolescents with Mothers and Parents Imprisoned for Violent Minor Drug Offenses) Summary: This report is an exploratory study that seeks to shed light on what happens with children and adolescents (NNA, from now on) when their primary caregivers or some significant adult for them has been deprived of liberty for minor drug offenses. Currently, there is little information about the impact that prison has on the lives of children and adolescents and, to a lesser extent, when the crime committed is for motives of micro-traffic or traffic of drugs. This report consists of three chapters and a final section with conclusions and recommendations. The first chapter describes the regulatory framework applicable to the problem in question. The Second chapter presents statistical data on the population deprived of liberty in Chile and the third a qualitative analysis based on a series of interviews with children and parents deprived of liberty (NNAPES, from now on) and adults who have worked with them; In particular, different topics related to the perception of children and adolescents about the imprisonment for drug offenses of their adult referents. Finally, based on the existing regulations, data obtained and case analysis are recommendations punctual for the visibility of the NNAPES and the restitution of their rights. Details: New York: Church World Service (CWS), 2018. 46p. Source: Internet Resource (in Spanish): Accessed June 3, 2019 at: http://www.cwslac.org/nnapes-pdd/es Year: 2018 Country: Chile Keywords: Child Abuse Shelf Number: 156135 |