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ethiopia
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69 total results foundAuthor: Mwebaza, Rose Title: Situation Report: Environmental Crimes in Ethiopia Summary: What entails an environmental crime, or who commits an offense against the environment? This study sets out to examine this complex question by determining what constitutes an environmental crime in Ethiopian jurisprudence. This is done by examining the legal and institutional regime for combating environmental crimes. The study also examines the main perpetrators of environmental crime in Ethiopia and the main enforcement mechanisms that are in place to deal with the perpetrators. Finally, the study examines the capacity needs that have to be addressed to enhance the enforcement of environmental crimes in Ethiopia. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Offenses Against the Environment Shelf Number: 118367 |
Author: Yilma, Tekabo Haptemicheal Title: Evaluating the Role of Female Police Leaders in Ethiopia Summary: My goal in this research is to develop guidelines that can help women police officers to reach the most senior managerial levels of the Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) and to avail themselves of the opportunity to participate in the highest positions of decision-making and leadership. Related to this goal are aspects of the promotion policy of the EFP and leadership concepts. These concepts include characteristics of effective leadership, qualities of a good leader and styles of leadership. The research describes to what extent the requirements of the proclamation on selection and training are applied in practice and shows the status and rights of women police officers compared with those of male police officers. Furthermore, it clearly portrays the negative discrimination arising from cultural and gender chauvinism in relation to the status and rights of women police officers currently serving in the EFP. Finally, it explains the entry of women into policing and the duties and integration of women police officers into a police force. From this point of view, the research has indicated that women officers of the EFP have acquired considerable experience that enhances their efficiency in service delivery. Therefore, it is envisaged that leaders in senior management of the EFP will use this research to increase their understanding of the role of women officers in the EFP, by becoming more aware of the potential leadership qualities of women officers and consequently making relevant amendments to the organisational hierarchy. Details: Pretoria, South Africa, University of South Africa, 2010. 168p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed August 16, 2011 at: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/4250/dissertation_yilma_t.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2010 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Female Police Officers (Ethiopia) Shelf Number: 122399 |
Author: DevTech Systems, Inc. Title: The Safe Schools Program: Ethiopia Assessment Report: April 26 - May 7, 2004 Summary: From April 26th to May 7th, a four-person team from the Washington, D.C.-based Safe Schools Program (SSP) traveled to Ethiopia to conduct a school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) assessment. The overall objectives of this first exploratory trip were to: • Assess existing programs for their ability to address SRGBV; • Gain understanding of the nature of SRGBV in Ethiopia; and • Identify individuals and organizations from the key informant interviews to serve as local partners. Over the course of the visit, the Team collected data, reports, and materials, conducted openended interviews, and semi-structured focus groups with key stakeholders recommended by the USAID Mission and/or other informants. The Team examined programs/organizations and structures at multiple levels: national, institutional, community, and the individual, interviewing institutions/organizations such as the Ministry of Education (MOE), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) partners, other international donors and organizations, local Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), and community level organizations (e.g. Parent Teacher Associations [PTAs]) to identify: (a) Types of gender-based violence; (b) Issues and gaps; (c) Promising programs/organizations; and (d) Recommendations. The purpose of the SSP is to create gender safe environments for all girls and boys that promote gender-equitable relationships and reduce SRGBV resulting in improved educational outcomes and reduced negative health outcomes. Five key principles that guide the SSP’s programming: 1. Take a social mobilization approach working at multiple levels: national, institutional, community and individual; 2. Address the three areas of the SSP SRGBV activities: prevention, reporting and response; 3. Take a gendered approach working with men and boys not only as perpetrators but also as potential victims as well as partners; 4. Have at least minimal support services in place before encouraging victims to come forward; and 5. Build on existing programs. In Section IV. A, the Team provides a summarization of general issues and recommendations as reported by NGO staff, USAID partners such as World Learning and Save the Children, Ethiopian educational personnel, and local schoolteachers, parents and students. The Team augmented these issues and recommendations based on global literature on best practices. After analyzing the data and the general recommendations found in Section IV. A., the Team identified eight priority issues and recommendations that are proposed as the SSP’s pilot program in Ethiopia. Guided by the SSP’s key principles for programming as mentioned in Section I. C., the priority issues and recommendations were selected that address gaps at multiple levels: national, institutional, community and individual; and that address SRGBV in three areas of programming including prevention, reporting and response. In each of these three areas of programming, the Team also identified key organizations that could serve as potential partners. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2004. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2011 at: http://www.devtechsys.com/assets/Uploads/docs/publications/safe-schools-ethiopia-assessment-report.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Gender Shelf Number: 122763 |
Author: The African Child Policy Forum Title: Violence Against Children in Ethiopia: In Their Words Summary: A large proportion of children, our beloved children, are vicitms of violence everyday around the world. This is especially true in Ethiopia, where approximately 99 percent of the children polled in this study said they had encountered violence in their home, school or community. Physical and humiliating punishment is a violation of children’s fundamental human rights. The violence needs to end. We should all be involved, including children, in the eradication of violence. For this reason, the role of children in protecting those rights is crucial for effective research, advocacy and policy-making. Child participation is one of the basic principles under Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which underlines the right of children to express their views in all matters affecting them. This study – one of three that researched violence against children in Ethiopia – illustrates the participatory research done with Ethiopian children on physical punishment and psychological humiliation that have been committed against them. The children’s views and experiences were central in the research for all the studies. Particularly this study, where children were the lead source of information. The high degree of child participation at every stage is among the distinguishing features of these studies. The issue of violence against children and their entitlement to be protected from it is beginning to receive global attention. In light of this, The African Child Policy Forum in collaboration with Save the Children Sweden, conducted research to collect information on violence against children across Ethiopia. The study is written from the child’s view point, looking at how physical, psychological and sexual violence affects them. As well as being respondents, the children also participated as advisors and co-researchers. The research targeted Addis Ababa and the regional states of Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS). It focused on physical, psychological and sexual violence against children at home, in schools and in the community. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The respondents to the study were school children, street children, orphans, children in foster institutions and children with disabilities. In order to address the ethical implications of asking children to recall their experiences of sexual violence, only young adults between the ages of 18 and 24, were asked to respond to that part of the study. Overall, 1873 children participated in the study. The findings of the study showed that children had their own way of understanding violence, which differed significantly from adults. While a large proportion of adults considered physical and humiliating punishments as acceptable ways to discipline a child, children recognised these types of punishments as excessive and unacceptable. In general, they stated that violence is an act that causes harm to them. The children further indicated that while violence was widespread, the primary settings for physical and psychological violence were at home and in school. In addition, the children acknowledged the prevalence of sexual violence in the community. Regarding the acceptability of violence, children felt that mild forms of physical and psychological violence were tolerable. They clearly stated, however, that sexual violence and grave physical punishments were objectionable and unacceptable. All three studies revealed that a large proportion of adults used severe punishment as a principal approach to teaching children how to behave. Many of the children in the study, however, were not positive about the effectiveness of violence exercised as discipline. In fact, more than 70 percent of them responded that they learned nothing from such punishments. Rather, they indicated advising and other non-violent means to be more effective. The children indicated that violence has a negative impact on their social, physical and mental well-being. They said in the interviews and polling that violence made them feel anger, fear, hatred, depression, vengeance, confusion and helplessness. In the study, 63.4 percent of children who were interviewed said that they considered violence against children as a human rights issue. It is imperative the children are empowered to include themselves in the process and that their voices are heard. Using the children’s suggestions and their stories, the study recommends measures aimed at creating awareness; law reform and effective enforcement of existing laws; establishing mechanisms for effectively reporting violence; systematic data collection from children; providing support to victims of violence; and enhancing child participation in research and decision-making activities. Details: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The African Child Policy Forum, 2006. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2012 at http://www.crin.org/docs/acpf_eth_words.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Children, Crimes Against (Ethiopia) Shelf Number: 124641 |
Author: Retta, Belete Title: Children in Prisons and Detention Centres in Ethiopia: The Way Forward - Summary Summary: One of the unfortunate facts commonly found especially in developing countries is the treatment of children in prisons and detention centres. Imprisoned and detained children often suffer egregious violations of their basic rights. More often than not, the conditions under which they are detained are deplorable and unacceptable. In the process of the administration of criminal justice, children may be kept in prisons and detention centres, to use common parlance, or "deprived of their liberty" for two reasons. The first involves the case where children are deprived of their liberty as a result of being accused of convicted of committing an offence. The second situation is where babies and young children are detained with their mothers only because their mothers are under investigation or convicted by a court of law. Due to the level of their physical and mental conditions, children deprived of their liberty require special treatment and protection. The situation of children in prisons and detention centres including those children with their mothers is one of the most invisible, under-researched and critical areas that need to be addressed as part of the reform towards the realization of the wellbeing of children who come in contact with the legal system. The Government of Ethiopia has already undertaken positive initiatives to promote and protect the rights of children in the country. These include: the ratification of the major international instruments concerning children, particularly the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the recognition of these treaties as integral parts of the laws of the land in the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Other initiatives are currently underway to put child rights principles into practice through, for example, the establishment of Child Friendly Benches for juvenile offenders and Child Protection Units. These are among the various measures highlighting the commitment of the government towards the rights of children. This report shows however that much remains to be done to address the problems of detained or imprisoned children and to ensure compliance with international standards. By definition, virtually all children in prisons and detention centres are in a vulnerable condition and therefore need special protection. This problem is delicate and complex and calls for cooperation among all actors in this area. This report is by no means comprehensive. But it does serve as a point of departure and helps identify the major problems and directions for future action including: the need to review domestic laws in line with international standards; the need for government to promote the principle that the detention of children should be a last measure and ensure its adoption as a standard practice throughout the country; the imperative of equipping prison authorities with the wherewithal and resources to provide the facilities and services needed to meet their obligations and the need to build, through training and sensitization, the capacity of law enforcement bodies and, in a wider context, the general public to promote and protect the rights and wellbeing of children. Details: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF), 2007. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 24, 2012 at http://www.box.com/s/ugefn6jybr/1/47718166/474656180/1 Year: 2007 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Detention Facilities (Ethiopia) Shelf Number: 125055 |
Author: Desta, Tu'emay Aregawi Title: The Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Terrorist Financing Regime in Ethiopia: Second Assessment Report Summary: Money laundering and terrorist financing pose an ongoing challenge for countries in the greater Horn of Africa and the international community as a whole. In addition to negatively affecting the integrity and stability of national financial systems, they also threaten national security and undermine economic development. The Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Terrorist Financing Regime in Ethiopia: Second Assessment Report builds upon an assessment conducted in early 2012 for a baseline study on anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) in East Africa. This second assessment report identifies key areas of progress, limitations and challenges to, and opportunities for the ongoing development of Ethiopia’s AML/CFT regime. It also outlines recommended entry points to further strengthen and expedite AML/CFT efforts in compliance with regional and international standards. Details: Goshen, IN: Center on Global Counterterrorism Coooperation, 2013. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 18, 2013 at: http://www.globalct.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/13Feb27_EthiopianFIC-SecondAsmntRpt_TAD_Final.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Shelf Number: 128408 |
Author: Boyden, Jo Title: Harmful Traditional Practices and Child Protection: Contested Understandings and Practices of Female Child Marriage and Circumcision in Ethiopia Summary: This paper explores local perspectives on female child marriage and circumcision in Ethiopia. Both practices are widespread still, despite international and national efforts to eradicate them, and reflect deep-rooted patriarchal and gerontocratic values regulating transactions between kin groups at marriage and women’s reproduction. Both have been designated as Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) by the Ethiopian government and are proscribed by law, with designated punishments. This is in line with Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which calls for the prohibition of traditional practices that are prejudicial to the health and well-being of children. Apart from the fact that both practices are labelled ‘harmful’ and relate only to girls, the main reason for considering female child marriage and female circumcision together is that the latter tends to be seen as a necessary precursor to former. The paper explores the values that drive these practices and examines whether and in what ways they have been affected by efforts to eradicate them. It points to the complexity of beliefs and practices, highlighting differences associated with ethnicity, religion, generation and gender. It finds that the efforts of government and elite leaders to eradicate them are contributing to the diminution or transformation of female circumcision and female child marriage, although with marked regional variations and considerable contestation and resistance in some places. In mapping these processes of change, the paper identifies trends in premarital sex, clandestine surgeries, and other subterfuges that may demonstrate unexpected consequences and adverse reactions to laws which were intended to protect children. In doing so, it emphasises the challenges confronted by child- protection measures designed to bring about change to long-established customs. The analysis draws on interviews with 25 children and young people from five communities, as well as their peers, caregivers and community representatives, conducted in 2007, 2008 and 2011. The paper uses both statistical and ethnographic evidence to assess the prevalence of the two customs and the cultural and material logic underpinning them. It gives an overview of the external forces militating for change and presents evidence on trends of change. This is followed by analysis of the personal experiences of Young Lives children and the discourses against the practices, as well as a consideration of the resistance to change. Finally, the discussion reflects on wider issues of modernity and rising aspirations for girls. Details: Oxford, UK: Young Lives, 2013. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper 93: Accessed April 22, 2013 at: http://www.younglives.org.uk/files/working-papers/yl-wp93_boyden-et-al Year: 2013 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Child Marriage Shelf Number: 128421 |
Author: Overs, Cheryl Title: Sex Workers, Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia Summary: This case study explores economic, legal and social issues that affect sex workers, with a particular focus on the role of poverty in sex workers' lives and the potential for poverty alleviation policies and programmes to help lift as many sex workers as possible out of poverty in order to reduce the exploitation, illness and violence associated with their work. In surveys, sex workers overwhelmingly indicate they would like another occupation, particularly in very poor countries. This has been taken to mean that relieving the poverty of individual sex workers will lead them to stop or reduce sex work. On this analysis, reduced poverty will mean that the number of women entering the sex industry, or staying in it, will be reduced and/or that the harm associated with sex work would be diminished because the numbers of partners or of unprotected sexual contacts would reduce. However, the validity of this logic and the benefits, costs and consequences (intended and unintended) of poverty alleviation in the context of sex work have not been tested or even well documented. Details: Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 2014. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Evidence Report No. 80: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/4095/ER80%20Sex%20Workers,%20Empowerment%20and%20Poverty%20Alleviation%20in%20Ethiopia.pdf;jsessionid=463FC214B1F9522DE9DD86F5253E3051?sequence=3 Year: 2014 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Poverty Shelf Number: 132614 |
Author: Denney, Lisa Title: Securing communities for development: Community policing in Ethiopia's Amhara National Regional State Summary: - There is growing interest in community policing internationally as a way of involving communities in their security provision. - Ethiopia's Amhara National Regional State offers a unique perspective on this, and its 'top-down' community policing model emerges from a particular political context shaped by its political structures and ideology, state-society relations and the existence of long-standing customary security and justice practices. - In practice, community policing in Ethiopia serves multiple purposes - from sharing the state's burden of policing with customary actors, to reducing crime, involving communities in security provision and contributing to national development. - Both positive and negative effects of this community policing model are apparent, with some improvements in perceptions of crime levels and police-community relations but concerns around the quality of justice on offer as well as contribution to an effective state surveillance system. Details: London: Overseas Development Institute, 2013. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed October 9, 2014 at: http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8656.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Community Policing (Ethiopia) Shelf Number: 133619 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: "Such a Brutal Crackdown": Killings and Arrests in response to Ethiopia's Oromo Protests Summary: Since mid-November 2015, Ethiopia's Oromia region has been rocked by largely peaceful protests triggered by Ethiopian government plans to expand the capital, Addis Ababa, and displace ethnic Oromo farmers. State security forces have used excessive and lethal force to respond to the protests, killing an estimated 400 people and injuring thousands. Security forces have also arrested tens of thousands of people and hundreds of others have been forcibly disappeared. Based on more than 125 interviews conducted inside Ethiopia and abroad, "Such a Brutal Crackdown" describes and analyses a grossly underreported crisis that poses a massive political challenge for Ethiopia's government. Although the demonstrations initially concerned the government's expansion plans, the killings and arrests, coupled with longstanding grievances from the Oromo community, have further fueled the protests. Many of those killed or detained were students under 18. The authorities have also arrested opposition politicians, musicians, teachers and other influential Oromos. Some have been prosecuted under Ethiopia's draconian counterterrorism law. The government has also sought to restrict information about the protests by detaining journalists covering the events and blocking social media and other means of communication. Although the protests have largely subsided since mid-April, thousands of students and others have fled their homes or are in detention, education has been disrupted in many locations, and tensions remain high. This underscores the need for the Ethiopian government to support a credible investigation into the events, release those who have been wrongfully detained, and take other urgent measures to redress the serious abuses that have been committed. Details: New York: HRW, 2016. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2016 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/ethiopia0616web.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Deadly Force Shelf Number: 139838 |
Author: Pankhurst, Alula Title: Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Ethiopia: Evidence from Young Lives Summary: This research report explores children's accounts of everyday violence in Ethiopia, and the ways in which factors at individual, family, community, institutional and society levels affect children’s experiences of violence. The report primarily draws on analysis of four rounds of longitudinal qualitative data gathered over seven years, complemented with analysis of cross-sectional survey data from Young Lives. Findings show that violence affecting children – mostly physical punishment and emotional abuse – is widespread, accepted, and normalized. Differing economic activities affect family dynamics and the likelihood of children experiencing violence, which is often linked to the challenges of poverty and the expectation that children will contribute to the household economy. Details: Florence, Italy: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Office of Research, (Innocenti) 2016. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Innocenti Working Papers, IWP_2016_25: Accessed February 23, 2017 at: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/IWP_2016_25.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 141193 |
Author: Woldemichael, Selamawit Title: Caught between Poverty and Trauma: Addressing the human rights of trafficked domestic workers from Ethiopia Summary: The report covers the experiences and impacts of migration on the lives of Ethiopian women. The study looks at their mental health and their ability to reintegrate into society. The paper specifically looks at rural and unskilled women migration which presents the majority of women migrants to the Gulf countries and Middle East countries from Ethiopia. Details: Kampala, Uganda: SIHA (Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa, 2017. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2017 at: http://www.sihanet.org/form/caught-between-poverty-and-trauma-addressing-human-rights-trafficked-domestic-workers-ethiopia Year: 2017 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Domestic Workers Shelf Number: 146632 |
Author: Gulilat, Addisu Title: The Human Rights of Detained Persons in Ethiopia: Case Study in Addis Ababa Summary: The ICCPR under article 10 expressly provides that detained persons should be treated with respect to their dignity. Moreover, the respective supervisory organs of the international and regional human rights instruments make it clear through their jurisprudence that deplorable detention conditions constitute violation of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. This approach broadens the horizon of protection of human rights abuses in detention places as torture with all its forms is prohibited in many of human rights instruments such as, UDHR, ICCPR, ACHPR, ECHR and ACHR. For this end, a series of minimum standards for treatment of detained persons are adopted both internationally and regional which are serving as thresholds to find violation of human dignity. Likewise, the Ethiopian legal system has equivalent set of legislations for the treatment of detained persons. The 1995 constitution guarantees that detained persons shall be treated with due respect to their dignity. Federal Prisons Commission Establishment Proclamation, 365/2003 points out the mandate, structure and objective of prisons where it expressly provides that prisons have to endeavor to ensure the rehabilitation of detained persons. More importantly the minimum standards for treating detained persons is promulgated by Federal Detainees Treatment Regulation No 138/2007 which provides for Accommodation, Personal hygiene, Clothing and bedding, Food, Medical services, complaints mechanisms and avenue, Inspection, sport and exercise, education and training, separation of accommodation and work conditions. With respect to the practice, however, the study found that treatment of detained persons in Ethiopia failed short of compliance to minimum expectations as it found challenges such as high levels of overcrowding, disease, malnutrition, unhygienic condition, lack of separate treatment based on sex, age, illness and nature of criminal; lack of organized and continuing education and training and absence of viable compliant hearing mechanism. The study, finally, makes recommendations that could rectify the existing challenges. Details: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University, 2012. 117p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed September 16, 2017 at: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/1507?mode=full Year: 2012 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Human Rights Abuses Shelf Number: 147354 |
Author: Mbiyozo, Aimee-Noel Title: Fleeing terror, fighting terror: The truth about refugees and violent extremism Summary: Refugees are increasingly subjected to harsh policies that violate the spirit of refugee laws, and that are often justified by claiming the refugees pose security risks. This study examines the effects of violent extremism among South Sudanese and Somalian refugees in Ethiopia. The risks of violent extremism in both populations are low and refugees play a key role in fighting extremist threats. However, the harsh conditions they are subjected to over long periods pose several humanitarian, development and security concerns. Urgent efforts to improve living conditions for refugees are needed. Details: Pretoria: institute for Security Studies, 2018. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: East Africa Report 17: Accessed March 30, 2018 at: https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ear17-1.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Asylum Seekers Shelf Number: 149620 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: "We are Like the Dead": Torture and other Abuses in Jail Ogaden, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia Summary: Located in the heart of Ethiopia's Somali Regional State lies Jijiga central prison, notorious in the ethnic Somali community for torture and mistreatment of thousands of prisoners. In the prison, commonly known as "Jail Ogaden," prisoners endure a brutal schedule of interrogation, torture, humiliation, hunger, sleep deprivation, and even rape. Based on almost 100 interviews with former detainees, government officials, members of security forces and other experts, "We are Like the Dead" describes serious human rights abuses and atrocious detention conditions. With no access to health care, some prisoners die from their injuries. The prison is grossly overcrowded and some female detainees give birth inside their jail cells in horrible settings that leave their children without health care or education. Torture in Jail Ogaden is part of a pattern of serious abuses committed by the Ethiopian military and the Liyu police, a Somali Regional State paramilitary force, during a decade-long counterinsurgency campaign against the banned Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF). The many accounts of detainee mistreatment in the report underscore the urgency for the new Ethiopian Prime Minister, Dr Abiy Ahmed, to take immediate steps to address human rights abuses in the Somali region, including in Jail Ogaden. His government should ensure respect for prisoners' due process rights, and that they face no mistreatment. The government should investigate abuses documented in this report, substantially reform the Liyu police and hold senior officials to account for serious crimes, including torture in Jail Ogaden. Details: New York: HRW, 2018. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Internet Resource: Accessed July 9, 2018 at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ethiopia0718_web.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Human Rights Abuses Shelf Number: 150785 |
Author: Gennaioli, Caterina Title: Toxic Roads: Unearthing Hazardous Waste Dumping Summary: Illegal disposal of hazardous waste has become an issue in both developing and developed countries. The available information on illegal dumping of hazardous waste dumping is fragmented and the lack of reliable data represents a significant obstacle to the study of the phenomenon. This paper adopts an innovative strategy to identify where toxic waste might have been illicitly dumped. The strategy relies on a crucial premise: road constructions provide an ideal setting in which the burial of hazardous waste may take place. Guided by the medical literature, we investigate the health outcomes of individuals living along recently built roads in Ethiopia. Using a unique dataset we find that an additional road within 5 kilometres is associated with an increase in infant mortality by 3 percentage points. We also provide evidence of lower haemoglobin level and higher incidence of severe anaemia in young children. Details: Dublin, Ireland: Trinity Economics Paper, 2017. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2019 at: http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/pmartins/CGRWP82.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Ethiopia Keywords: Environmental Crime Shelf Number: 156504 |