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Date: April 17, 2024 Wed
Time: 11:56 pm
hungary
Time: 11:56 pm
hungary
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51 total results foundAuthor: Takacs, Istvan Gabor Title: Prisons and Risks: Results of the Research Study Entitled "Risk Behaviours Related to Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Drug Use and Services in the Hungarian Prison System" Summary: The aim of this research was to assess risk factors of drug use and transmission of blood borne and sexually transmitted infections within the Hungarian prison system, and also to assess the need, the barriers and the possibilities for harm reduction information providing and service implementation. The research further aimed at developing tools for harm reduction information providing and counseling within the prison system. Details: Budapest: Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, 2010. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 22, 2010 at: http://www.connectionsproject.eu/the-project Year: 2010 Country: Hungary Keywords: Drug Abuse Treatment Shelf Number: 120588 |
Author: Toth, Olga Title: Initimate Partner Violence Against Older Women. National Report - Hungary Summary: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) committed against elderly women has been an unexplored area in Hungary so far, thus the results of the project are stop-gap. - Aims and objectives of the research: gathering information on IPV against elderly women as a social phenomenon, becoming familiar with the how much the institutions and experts know about the cases and what their attitudes are, revealing the experiences of the victims, and above all, directing public attention to the phenomenon. - In Hungary research on intimate partner violence began in late 1990s. There are only comparatively few data of this topic, and the researches are usually not built upon one another. The specific problems of elderly women do not really receive great priority in the researches either. - The system of institutions dealing with the victims of IPV is less developed than in the Western countries, and the institutions themselves or the preparedness of the experts cannot be characterized as adequate either. - The social attitude to the topic is rather rejecting than accepting, its importance is not recognized. Institutional knowledge about cases of intimate partner violence against older women was a crucial component of research in the frame of the present study. Professionals working with older victims can provide information on phenomena of IPV in old age as well as on help-seeking behavior of older women, services offered, service usage, and case outcome. Since the study did not aim at representative data on prevalence and incidence but had its focus on older female victims’ needs, help-seeking and service usage, institutions and professionals within these institutions were a primary source of information. It has been again proved what other sociological research studies have demonstrated that use of self-completion questionnaires in Hungary is not expedient. Completing a questionnaire independently causes difficulties to and by all means evokes antipathy in many people. Therefore, if a similar kind of investigation is made in the future, it must be prepared more profoundly, possibly by involving the supervisory authorities of institutions. We distributed 125 short and 224 long questionnaires; the return rate was 23%. In the course of sampling we tried to involve a wide range of institutions (the police, public prosecutor’s offices, crisis centres, family helpers, help lines, institutions looking after and caring for the elderly, etc.). It was also due to low degree of sensitivity to the topic that only one-fourth of questionnaires sent out were returned. When we asked the institutions that had not returned the questionnaire for the second time to fill in at least the opinion questions and the questions regarding the institution even if they had no cases, we were often given the reply orally that they considered the topic uninteresting, unimportant. For this reason they feel the completion of the questionnaire is a kind of waste of time. In better cases, they underlined another form of violence from their practice as a more important subject more suitable for research (e.g. violence of elderly persons by their children, grandchildren). In worse cases, they judged the entire topic of violence within the family unimportant. The use of two kinds of questionnaires has brought no benefit to us. The short questionnaire did not motivate any better to complete it. It occurred that an institution asked for a long questionnaire but eventually did not complete it. The lesson learned from this study is that in similar researches in the future we must use one kind of questionnaire. Statistical data are available in aggregate form and many institutions have no clear knowledge about the most important socio-demographic features of victims and perpetrators. It means that institutions have no official data but estimation or we have obtained rather different data regarding the number of elderly female IPV victims. In addition to the aggregating data, the family relation of the perpetrator with the victim is the most properly documented question. Based on the data available to us, the institutions – where it is documented – met mostly with cases where physical-spiritual-financial violence goes together. The overall majority of violence was one-sided, multiply, long-lasting and starting before the age of 60. The perpetrator is generally the spouse or divorced spouse living together with the victim if the parties do not manage to move apart. We have received little information as to how the institutions got into contact with victims and what services they provided for them. It was mostly domestic violence service type institutions that gave the more detailed data about victims and services. These organizations provided several kinds of services to victims: primarily psycho-social support, legal advice and crisis intervention. Due to low-key information supplied on services, it would be difficult to make proposals on improving them. Yet, we can state that the experts of domestic violence organizations are the most prepared and the most suitable for providing help; therefore, improvement of these institutions and increasing the number of experts would be of key importance. Regarding the improvement of services, it is expedient for Hungary to use the experience of the other countries that take part in the project. The group that considers the topic less important constituted a minority, yet appeared among the respondents (27.8 %). Presumably, this view is more widely held among those who have not returned the questionnaire. A part of the experts assert that relationships of the elderly do not contain any element of violence; others consider the abusive role of other family members more important. However we think that sending out questionnaires and processing responses have brought some results. The most important is the fact that experts’ attention has been driven to this issue. It can be hoped that the institutions that have so far not dealt with this issue at all will pay somewhat more attention to this topic in the future. Details: Muenster, Germany: German Police University and Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, 2010. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVoW_Hungary_English_final.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Hungary Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 121244 |
Author: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, Title: Stuck in Jail: Immigration Detention in Hungary (2010) Summary: The Hungarian Helsinki Committee (HHC) is non-governmental organisation, which monitors the enforcement of human rights enshrined in international human rights instruments; provides legal defence to victims of human rights abuses by state authorities and informs the public about rights violations. The HHC strives to ensure that domestic legislation guarantees the consistent implementation of human rights norms. The HHC promotes legal education and training in fields relevant to its activities, both in Hungary and abroad. The Hungarian Helsinki Committee has a long-standing experience in monitoring detention facilities in Hungary. It regularly monitors police jails which was made possible by an agreement concluded in 1997 with the National Police Headquarters. The agreement entitles the HHC monitors to: visit any detention facility operated by the Police without preliminary notice; examine the conditions of detention and talk to detainees to this end; request and be provided with official data by the detention staff; report about its findings to the Police, and after consultation with the latter, to the public. This report presents a comprehensive report on Hungarian immigration detention practices based on the findings of monitoring visits to “temporary” immigration jails throughout Hungary in 2010. Details: Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2011. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 26, 2011 at: http://helsinki.hu/dokumentum/HHC%20immigration%20detention_ENG_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Hungary Keywords: Detention Facilities Shelf Number: 121504 |
Author: Kadar, Andras Title: Control(led) Group - Final Report on the Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search (STEPSS) Project (2008) Summary: ID check is the most frequently used police measure in Hungary: on average, more than 1.5 million checks have been conducted in recent years. However, the practice of ID checks has not been analyzed so far. Therefore, the Hungarian Helsinki Committee sought to assess the typical grounds of ID checks and the efficiency of this police measure in the framework of a project financially supported by the European Commission’s AGIS Program and the Open Society Institute. It was also examined whether there is a discriminatory tendency regarding ID checks, namely if members of the Roma minority are ID checked in unjustified and disproportionate numbers compared to their non-Roma peers. The current report provides a brief description of the project methodology and the sometimes surprising results of the project. Details: Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2008. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2011 at: http://helsinki.webdialog.hu/dokumentum/MHB_STEPSS_US.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Hungary Keywords: Gypsies Shelf Number: 121505 |
Author: Ritter, Ildiko Title: A Matter of Trust: Research on Complaints Filed Against Police Measures in 2005 Summary: The Hungarian system of complaints against unlawful police action has been criticised being dysfunctional due to systemic and procedural reasons. The most important flaw was that the police rather than an independent body decided all complaints. The institutional culture of this military-type organization is still characterized by lack of transparency and strong internal loyalty. Senior police leaders usually do not act with sufficient firmness against violations committed by their colleagues, therefore often even obvious violations of law are deemed lawful, few complaints are submitted and practically all are rejected. In 2007, The Hungarian Helsinki Committee launched a program with the support of the Trust for Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe, in order to incite the reform considering the police complaints’ procedure. The Committee aspired to identify problems in legislation and practice that were the causes of the complaints system’s ineffectiveness, and to raise awareness of the need to make the system of complaints more effective in Hungary. (The program of the roundtable, organized by the HHC and the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union in April 2007 about the police complaint mechanisms, may be downloaded here.) The Committee advocated for establishing an independent police complaints body, showed examples of good practice from other EU member states and also proposed a model law to be considered for adoption by Hungarian law-makers. In 2008, the HHC published a report on the research under the title ‘A Matter of Trust’, which analyzed the typical reasons of the complaint procedures, their outcomes, and the lessons drawn through the examination of the files of 200 complaints. Details: Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2008. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 26, 2011 at: http://helsinki.webdialog.hu/dokumentum/Bizalmi_kerdes_US.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Hungary Keywords: Police Corruption Shelf Number: 121506 |
Author: Kadar, Andras Title: Presumption of Guilt: Injurious Treatment and the Activity of Defense Counsels in Criminal Proceedings against Pre-trial Detainees Summary: Pre-trial detention, which according to its statutory definition, is the “judicial deprivation of the defendant’s freedom before the delivery of the final and non-appealable sentence” is one of the most problematic institutions of the criminal procedure. In terms of the presumption of innocence, no one may be considered guilty until their guilt is established by a final court sentence. Furthermore, in accordance with the principle of the constitutional penal law, no one may be punished until their guilt is established in a fair procedure. Pretrial detention is not a punishment (a legal sanction imposed for a breach of law), but a so-called coercive measure: an act restricting the defendant’s rights for the sake of the undisturbed and successful accomplishment of the criminal procedure. However, in terms of its effective impact, pre-trial detention does not greatly differ from the most severe form of punishment known in Hungarian penal law, i.e., imprisonment. This is what makes the problems connected with pre-trial detention especially emphatic. From the subjective point of view of the defendant, whose guiltiness has not been established yet and who might be eventually acquitted, there is no significant difference between imprisonment and pre-trial detention. Both mean a deprivation of personal liberty, both are implemented in the same (or similar) institutions and under the same or similar circumstances. What is more, sometimes the circumstances may be less favorable for remand prisoners than for convicted detainees. This makes the issue of pre-trial detention very sensitive. Although the coming into force of the new code of criminal procedure on 1 July 2003 has solved the most burning problems of the field through the reform of the appeal procedure and the limitation of the maximum length of pre-trial detention, the present regulation and practice of this institution is still not fully satisfactory. Details: Helsinki: Humgarian Helsinki Committee, 2004. 176p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2011 at: http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00005303/01/Presumption_of_Guilt.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Hungary Keywords: Criminal Procedure Shelf Number: 121593 |
Author: Amnesty International Title: Violent Attacks Against Roma in Hungary: Time to Investigate Racial Motivation Summary: Violent attacks against Roma, commonly believed to be racially motivated, are on the rise and have not been adequately investigated by the authorities. Over a period of 18 months in Hungary, between January 2008 and August 2009, six Romani men, women and children were killed in a series of similar attacks in different parts of Hungary. Four men were arrested soon after the last killing. However, in the same period, local NGOs recorded over 40 separate attacks on members of the Romani community in Hungary. At the same time, discriminatory attitudes towards Roma have been increasingly accepted in public discourse in Hungary since 2006. Abusive terms, initially used by far-right political groups, are now accepted in the mainstream media. The report presents first-hand accounts from victims of these violent attacks that many in the community believe are motivated by racial prejudice. It highlights the Hungarian authorities’ shortcomings in the investigation and prosecution of attacks against Roma and calls on them to ensure that members of the Romani community, as well as members of other groups, are protected from violence. It also recommends that the authorities improve the investigation and reporting of racially motivated crimes and ensure that their victims receive adequate support. Details: London: Amnesty International, 2010. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2012 at http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR27/001/2010/en/7ee79730-e23f-4f20-834a-deb8deb23464/eur270012010en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Hungary Keywords: Hate Crimes Shelf Number: 125217 |
Author: Vidra, Zsuzsanna Title: Child Trafficking in Hungary: Sexual Exploitation, Forced Begging and Pickpocketing Summary: This study explores the mechanisms of three forms of child trafficking in Hungary - begging, pickpocketing and sexual exploitation of children - by focusing on Roma victims. It presents available statistical data on human trafficking and sheds light on some of the major difficulties of data collection regarding human trafficking and child trafficking in particular. It gives an overview of the anti-human trafficking and anti-child trafficking policy frameworks, and it tries to reveal what factors lead to victimisation and how recruitment and exploitation of children actually take place. The study then looks into how the identification of victims, the referral mechanism, and the victim assistance systems all work. Finally, it identifies shortcomings in the criminal processes and the judicial system that undermine effective countering of child trafficking. Details: Budapest: Center for Policy Studies, Central European University, 2015. 277p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2015 at: http://cps.ceu.edu/sites/default/files/publications/cps-book-child-trafficking-in-hungary-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Hungary Keywords: Begging Shelf Number: 137016 |
Author: Amnesty International Title: Stranded Hope: Hungary's Sustained Attack on the Rights of Refugees and Migrants Summary: Fences, teargas, and draconian legislation: over the last year the Hungarian authorities have baulked at little in their determination to keep refugees and migrants out of the country. The government's programme of militarization, criminalization and isolation has ushered in a set of measures which have resulted in violent push-backs at the border with Serbia, unlawful detentions inside the country and dire living conditions for those waiting at the border. This briefing documents the pernicious consequences of Hungary's current policies in flagrant breach of international human rights and refugee law and EU directives. Details: London: AI, 2016. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 2, 2016 at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur27/4864/2016/en/ Year: 2016 Country: Hungary Keywords: Asylum Seekers Shelf Number: 145006 |
Author: Fazekas, Tamas Title: The Practice of Pre-Trial Detention: Monitoring Alternatives and Judicial decision-Making Summary: During the past few years, pre-trial detainees have made up almost one-third of the prison population in Hungary, contributing to the overcrowding of the penitentiary system, which, according to a 2015 judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), constitutes a structural problem in Hungary. For over half a decade until 2013, the number of pre-trial detainees in Hungary had increased constantly. However, since 2014, significant positive developments have been detected in the statistical data: there has been a reduction of around 20% in the number of cases in which pretrial detention is ordered, corresponding to a decrease in the number of prosecutorial motions aimed at ordering this coercive measure. This decrease in the use of pre-trial detention does not, however, guarantee that judicial decisions and indeed the decision-making process as a whole are consistently compliant with standards established by the higher Hungarian judicial forums, the ECtHR and relevant European Union (EU) legislation. The research project "The Practice of Pre-trial Detention: Monitoring Alternatives and Judicial Decision-making", funded by the EU, was conducted in 10 different EU Member States in 2014–2015, in Hungary by the Hungarian Helsinki Committee. The project’s research results presented below are based on (i) a desk-research, (ii) a survey conducted among 31 defence counsels, (iii) review of the case files of 116 defendants convicted primarily for robbery, (iv) interviews with five prosecutors, and (vi) written responses provided by 10 judges to a standard set of questions. An overview of the results of the research is as follows: 1. Decision-making procedure The presence of a defence lawyer is optional at judicial hearings on pre-trial detention and in fact ex officio appointed lawyers rarely appear at the hearing. Where they are present, their level of activity is often low. While the reasons for this were not identified through the research, such situations jeopardise the effectiveness of the suspect’s defence. 45% of lawyers surveyed explained that they have only 30 minutes or less with access to the case file in which to prepare for the hearing. While the amendments of the Hungarian Code of Criminal Procedure aimed at transposing Article 7 of Directive 2012/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 on the right to information in criminal proceedings (Right to Information Directive) have brought along substantial improvement in the defence’s access to evidence related to pre-trial detention, the practice of authorities can pose significant obstacles to the effective exercise of this right. 2. The substance of decisions Pre-trial detention was ordered in the vast majority of cases observed and reviewed. The most common reasons for ordering pre-trial detention were the risk of absconding, interfering with the course of justice and the risk of reoffending. The reasons given by judges for ordering pre-trial detention are often abstract and not specific to the case, repeating the prosecutorial motions requesting a pre-trial detention order. The analysis of the data supports a long-standing complaint of defence counsels, namely that courts seem to pay no or little attention to the arguments put forth by the defence: in the sample, judges referred to the evidence or arguments of the prosecution in 92.4% of the decisions, and only in 50% did they refer to the arguments of the defence. In violation of ECtHR-standards, the risk of absconding is often established solely or primarily on the basis of the gravity of the offence and the prospective punishment. The courts also tend to attribute great relevance to circumstances that, according to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, may not serve as decisive factors. The Hungarian Helsinki Committee encountered a number of decisions in the case files that referred to the risk of interfering with the course of justice on the basis of very abstract arguments and often in phases of the procedure when such risks are minuscule or non-existent (after the closing of the investigation and, in one case, even after the delivery of the first instance judgment). With regard to the risk of reoffending, court decisions referring to convictions that took place long before the suspected perpetration of the offence serving as the basis of the actual proceeding, or convictions of completely different nature, as well as the substantiation of detention with nothing but the lack of regular income were encountered, in contradiction with ECtHR jurisprudence. 3. Use of alternatives to detention Statistical data show that existing alternatives to pre-trial detention (house arrest, etc.) are heavily underused. Interviews with judges and prosecutors seem to support defence counsels’ perception that there is little confidence in alternatives, and that this has not changed significantly with the introduction of electronic tagging in 2013. 4. Review of pre-trial detention The statistical analysis of further decisions on pre-trial detention (prolonging, upholding or reviewing pre-trial detention) provides evidence for the continuous lack of tailored reasoning for the ongoing deprivation of liberty. The concerns raised above in relation to the substance of initial pre-trial detention decisions also apply to these further decisions. In relation to appeals against pre-trial detention, second instance courts deciding on pre-trial detention never meet the defendant in person, which may be a violation of the ECtHR standards. In addition, it sometimes takes a very long time to deliver the second instance decisions, which is a violation of the obligation to proceed with adequate speed in cases where the defendant is deprived of his/her liberty. The research shows that investigating authorities often do not conduct more efficient investigations when cases involve a detainee. These instances result in a number of cases in which the length of detention violates the relevant provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights and Hungarian law. In addition, the elimination of the statutory upper limit of pre-trial detention in some cases gives the dangerous message that the legislator is willing to accept serious delays in procedures even when the defendants are deprived of their liberty. Recommendations The conclusions of the research indicate that the practice of pre-trial detention decision-making in Hungary falls short of the ECtHR standards in a number of areas. In light of these findings, the main recommendations are the following: The presence of defence counsel at hearings related to pre-trial detention should be made mandatory, and a deadline for notifying the defence counsel about the hearings related to pre-trial detention should be established, which ensures that defence counsel can participate in the hearing. The legal amendment that allows for unlimited periods for pre-trial detention in certain cases should be abolished and fair time limits imposed. Various legislative steps seem desirable with the purpose of guaranteeing the reasonable length of pre-trial detention. E.g. judges should be authorised to terminate pre-trial detention on the basis of the authorities’ failure to conduct the proceeding in a fast track manner if the suspect is detained. In order to ensure unrestricted access to the case files, the respective legal provisions should be further amended to ensure the effective implementation of the Right to Information Directive. Alternatives to pre-trial detention should be used more often. The underuse of these should be examined by one of the jurisprudence-analysis groups established by the president of the highest judicial forum. Reasoning of pre-trial detention orders at all levels could be improved by respective judicial and prosecutorial training, including information on the related ECtHR case-law to ensure ECtHR standards are applied when making decisions related to pre-trial detention. The law should be amended to ensure that appeal decisions in the pre-trial detention context can or in certain cases must only be taken after an oral hearing. Legislative reform should further impose deadlines to ensure that second instance decisions are delivered within an adequate time-frame. Details: Budapest: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2015. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2016 at: http://www.helsinki.hu/wp-content/uploads/PTD_country_report_Hungary_HHC_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Hungary Keywords: Judicial Decision Making Shelf Number: 147810 |
Author: Solhjell, Randi Title: lhRqBJebJuvKoKl Summary: o0MXZu arevejhcdopr, [url=http://pubomitmcmeb.com/]pubomitmcmeb[/url], [link=http://jmenjowagtvj.com/]jmenjowagtvj[/link], http://vxpykpkmrqhe.com/ Details: o0MXZu arevejhcdopr, [url=http://pubomitmcmeb.com/]pubomitmcmeb[/url], [link=http://jmenjowagtvj.com/]jmenjowagtvj[/link], http://vxpykpkmrqhe.com/ Source: o0MXZu arevejhcdopr, [url=http://pubomitmcmeb.com/]pubomitmcmeb[/url], [link=http://jmenjowagtvj.com/]jmenjowagtvj[/link], http://vxpykpkmrqhe.com/ Year: 0 Country: Hungary Keywords: o0MXZu arevejh Shelf Number: 0 |
Author: Kristof, Kadar Andras Title: Inside Police Custody 2: Country Report for Hungary Summary: As far as fundamental principles on fair trial are concerned, the Fundamental Law (the constitution) of Hungary sets out the following: Article XXVIII (1) Everyone shall have the right to have any charge against him or her, or his or her rights and obligations in any litigation, adjudicated within a reasonable time in a fair and public trial by an independent and impartial court established by an Act. (3) Persons subject to criminal proceedings shall have the right to defence at all stages of the proceedings. Defence counsels shall not be held liable for their opinion expressed while providing legal defence. As far as criminal procedures are concerned, Roadmap Directives are implemented by the Code of Criminal Procedure (which is an Act of Parliament) and its bylaws (governmental and ministerial decrees, etc.).10 Up until 1 July 2018, the Hungarian criminal procedure was governed by Act XIX of 1998 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereafter: Old CCP). As of 1 July 2018, this law was replaced, and Act XC of 2017 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereafter: New CCP) and its bylaws came into force. Below, we outline the criminal procedure as governed by the New CCP. Under the New CCP a criminal procedure may be launched against a person if there is substantiated suspicion that they have committed a criminal offence. The criminal procedure consists of the investigation and the court phase. It starts with the investigation that is composed of the investigative evaluation and the evidential evaluation. The investigative evaluation aims at collecting information needed for substantiate suspicion and at identifying the perpetrator. During the evidential evaluation, the prosecutor decides about the completion of the investigation based on the collection of the necessary evidence. The investigation is carried out by the investigating authority (in most cases by the police) or by the prosecutor. During the investigation the suspect is heard. At the beginning of the first interrogation, suspects are informed about the charges against them (i.e. the criminal offence they are suspected of committing). This is the so-called "communication of the suspicion", when the concerned person formally becomes a suspect. Defendants have the right to be informed about their procedural rights, shall be granted access to a lawyer, and are entitled to submit a motion for the appointment of a defence counsel already before the communication of the suspicion. Upon the completion of the investigation, the prosecutor - in the capacity of a public prosecutor - presses charges by submitting the bill of indictment to the court. As of 1 July 2018, the new rules introduced the guilty plea into the Hungarian criminal procedure as a new institution available before the pressing of charges, which can be initiated both by the defence and by the prosecutor. The guilty plea cannot extend to the facts of the case or the qualification of the criminal offence under the Criminal Code, but is focused primarily on the sanction. The court can review the legality of the guilty plea in the framework of a special procedure, but cannot amend its content, only approves or refuses it based on the indictment.... Details: Budapest: Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2018. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2019 at: https://www.helsinki.hu/wp-content/uploads/IPC_Country_Report_Hungary_Eng_fin.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Hungary Keywords: Accused Persons Shelf Number: 155666 |