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iran

Results for iran

31 total results found

8 non-duplicate results found.

Author: Sanei, Faraz

Title: We Are A Buried Generation: Discrimination and Violence Against Sexual Minorities in Iran

Summary: Iranian law reflects the Iranian government’s hostile attitude towards sexual minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Iran’s penal code criminalizes all sexual relations outside traditional marriage, and specifically bans same-sex conduct, even if it is consensual. Threat of prosecution and serious punishment, including the death penalty, for those convicted of same-sex crimes constitutes discrimination against Iran’s vulnerable sexual minorities. This report — based on interviews with more than 125 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Iranians inside and outside Iran over the past five years—documents discrimination and violence against Iran’s lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population, and others whose sexual practices and gender expression do not conform to the government’s socio-religious norms. Human Rights Watch analyzed these abuses within the context of general systematic human rights violations that Iran’s government perpetrates against its citizens, including arbitrary arrests and detentions, invasions of privacy, mistreatment and torture of detainees, and lack of due process and fair trial standards. The report also documents instances in which police and members of the hard-line basij paramilitary force — relying upon discriminatory laws to harass, arrest, and detain individuals suspected of being gay — allegedly ill-treated and sometimes tortured real or suspected LGBT people in public spaces and detention facilities. Several interviewees alleged that members of the security forces sexually assaulted or raped them. We are a Buried Generation: Discrimination and Violence Against Sexual Minorities in Iran calls on Iran’s government to abolish all laws and other legislation under the Islamic Penal Code that criminalize consensual same-sex conduct, especially those that impose the death penalty, and to cease the harassment, arrest, detention, prosecution, and conviction of sexual minorities and persons who engage in consensual same-sex behavior. Human Rights Watch also calls on authorities to prosecute members of the security force who engage in such actions.

Details: New York: Human Rights Watch, 2010. 102p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 17, 2010 at: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/12/15/we-are-buried-generation

Year: 2010

Country: Iran

Keywords: Discrimination (Iran)

Shelf Number: 120537


Author: Amnesty International

Title: Addicted to Death: Executions for Drug Offences in Iran

Summary: Since mid-2010, the execution rate in Iran has soared. up to 80 per cent of those executed are accused of drug-related offences – offences that do not meet the international criterion of “most serious crimes” for which the death penalty may be imposed. hundreds of alleged drug offenders are being executed in secret mass executions after grossly unfair trials. those executed are often from amongst the most disadvantaged sectors of society, and have included juvenile offenders, whose execution is strictly forbidden under international law. This report highlights the Iranian authorities’ use of execution as a catch-all solution to social ills, even though there is no conclusive evidence that the death penalty has any deterrent effect on crime. Despite the long history of executions for drug offences, Iran’s internal drug problem continues to grow and drug-trafficking across Iran’s borders shows no sign of abating. The report urges the Iranian authorities to immediately end the use of the death penalty for drugs offences, and calls on the international community to ensure that aid to Iran for counter-narcotics measures is not used to commit human rights violations.

Details: London: Amnesty International, 2011. 63p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 10, 2012 at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE13/090/2011/en/0564f064-e965-4fad-b062-6de232a08162/mde130902011en.pdf

Year: 2011

Country: Iran

Keywords: Capital Punishment

Shelf Number: 123549


Author: Calabrese, John

Title: Iran's War on Drugs: Holding the Line?

Summary: Surging poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, besides having boosted Iran’s significance as a drug transit state, has fuelled Iranian drug abuse and addiction. In the words of Roberto Arbitrio, the head of the UNODC’s Tehran office, “Iran is the frontline of the war against drugs.” But holding the line has proven exceedingly difficult and costly for Iran. To address this problem, Iranian officials have put in place aggressive law enforcement measures as well as progressive harm reduction interventions. Nevertheless, opiates smuggling persists, while abuse and addiction are rampant.

Details: Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, 2007. 20p.

Source: The Middle East Policy Brief No. 3: Internet Resource: Accessed June 18, 2012 at http://www.mei.edu/sites/default/files/publications/JC_PB.pdf

Year: 2007

Country: Iran

Keywords: Drug Abuse and Crime (Iran)

Shelf Number: 125352


Author: Human Rights Watch

Title: Locked Up in Karaj: Spotlight on Political Prisoners in One Iranian City

Summary: Locked Up in Karaj documents the cases of 62 prisoners held in two separate prisons in Karaj, north-west of Tehran. In all cases, Iranian revolutionary courts appear to have convicted and sentenced them to prison terms on charges arising solely from their involvement in peaceful political activities or their exercise of their rights to free speech or freedom of assembly, association, religion, or opinion, or other rights protected by international human rights law. The report is based on a review of all the cases, including the charges against the prisoners, and on information obtained from family members, lawyers, and other informed sources. Revolutionary courts tried and convicted the prisoner on vague charges, such as "acting against the national security," and "propaganda against the state." The report indicates that none of the 62, who include members of the political opposition, bloggers and journalists, a lawyer, and labor, and minority rights activists, had any involvement in violence. The report also documents cases of prisoners in Karaj prisons who were convicted of committing violent or other serious national security but whom the government may have targeted because of their peaceful activities. These cases were marked by serious due process violations, such as secret hearings, lack of access to a lawyer, prolonged pre-trial incommunicado detention and solitary confinement, and allegations of torture and coerced confessions. Human Rights Watch calls on Iranian authorities to release the 62 political prisoners held in Karaj prisons and all other prisoners and detainees in Iran who are imprisoned solely for exercising their human rights, and to order the fair retrial or release of all prisoners sentenced after trials in which they were denied due process.

Details: New York: HRW, 2014. 62p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2014 at: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/iran0814_ForUpload_1.pdf

Year: 2014

Country: Iran

Keywords: Human Rights Abuses

Shelf Number: 134019


Author: Janecek, Michael J.

Title: Policing Iranian Sanctions: Trade, Identity, and Smuggling Networks in the Arabian Gulf

Summary: There are continual debates regarding the effectiveness of United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) 1803 and 1929 as tools for limiting the Islamic Republic of Iran's goals for a nuclear program. This thesis examines the enforceability of the maritime sections of both resolutions at the police level in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Arab nations along the Arabian Gulf have had long-standing maritime trade relations with Iran and the greater Indian Ocean that extend generations into history. This relationship led to the extensive merging of Arab and Persian cultures in the GCC, as well as the growth of an immigrant workforce from South Asia. With this influx of identities and nationalities, challenges were developed in enforcing both resolutions, specifically as it relates to the inspection of Iranian maritime cargo. Alongside this merging of cultures, is the growth of successful maritime drug-smuggling networks that weapons proliferators could exploit to intentionally violate UNSCR 1803 and 1929. Based on the challenges of maritime trade, cultural and national identity, as well as criminal activity, it is argued that both resolutions are an unnatural fit in the Arabian Gulf, and are therefore questionable as policy choices in the GCC countries.

Details: Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, 2013. 91p.

Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed August 19, 2015 at: http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/32840/13Mar_Janecek_Michael.pdf?sequence=1

Year: 2013

Country: Iran

Keywords: Drug Trafficking

Shelf Number: 136483


Author: Amnesty International

Title: Growing Up on Death Row: The Death Penalty and Juvenile Offenders in Iran

Summary: Between 2005 and 2015, Amnesty International recorded the execution of 73 juvenile offenders (people younger than 18 at the time of the crime), including at least four in 2015. A UN report issued in 2014 stated that more than 160 juvenile offenders were on death row. In 2013, Iran adopted a new Islamic Penal Code granting judges discretionary power to replace the death penalty with an alternative punishment if they find that a juvenile offender convicted of murder or certain other capital offences did not understand the nature of the crime or its consequences or there are doubts about his or her "mental maturity and development". Hopes were reinforced by a 2014 decision from Iran's Supreme Court that all juvenile offenders on death row could seek retrial. However, over the past two years the authorities have continued to carry out executions of juvenile offenders, failing to inform them of their right to file an "application for retrial". Also worryingly, several juvenile offenders who had been granted a retrial have been resentenced to death. These cases highlight, yet again, the urgent need for Iran to comply with its international obligations by abolishing completely the use of the death penalty against juvenile offenders.

Details: London: AI, 2016. 110p.

Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2016 at: http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/growing_up_on_death_row_-_the_death_penalty_and_juvenile_offenders_in_iran_final.pdf

Year: 2016

Country: Iran

Keywords: Capital Punishment

Shelf Number: 137700


Author: Till, Geoffrey

Title: The Real "Long War": The Illicit Drug Trade and the Role of the Military

Summary: Since the end of the Cold War, for the United States and everyone else, the concept of security has widened enormously. It has moved far beyond the confines of national defense against military threats from other nation states, incorporating threats ranging from transnational criminality, through cyber attack, international terrorism, and aggression from rogue and other hostile states. This poses increasing challenges to the world's militaries, especially those also grappling with the consequences of reduced financial support. It raises the question of choice and priority. How should the United States allocate its priorities and resources, for example, between the worst kind of threat the nation faces and the most likely? In this monograph, Dr. Geoffrey Till explores the seriousness of the threat posed to U.S. security by the illicit trade in drugs. He shows that the threat needs to be seen in both direct and indirect terms and that it ranges from the extent of human suffering at one end of the spectrum to international destabilization at the other. He explores the extent to which the military can make a cost-effective contribution to the control of this illicit trade and concludes with a review of the adjustments that the U.S. Army and the other military services may need to make in order to accomplish this.

Details: Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, 2014. 80p.

Source: Internet Resource: accessed May 17, 2017 at: http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/pub1173.pdf

Year: 2014

Country: Iran

Keywords: Drug Trade

Shelf Number: 131246


Author: Amnesty International

Title: Caught in a Web of Repression: Iran's Human Rights Defenders Under Attack

Summary: The Iranian authorities are intensifying their crackdown against human rights defenders, who have already been working under suffocating levels of repression. Human rights defenders are routinely portrayed in official statements and court verdicts as "criminals" and "foreign agents" bent on harming national security. Since 2013, dozens of human rights defenders have been imprisoned on spurious national security-related charges based solely on their peaceful human rights activities. Many others have faced surveillance, interrogations and drawn-out prosecutions, coercing them into silence. Amnesty International urges the Iranian authorities to release all imprisoned human rights defenders immediately and unconditionally, and to create a safe and enabling environment in which defenders can defend and promote human rights without fear of reprisals.

Details: London: AI, 2017. 94p.

Source: Internet Resource: accessed August 4, 2017 at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/6446/2017/en/

Year: 2017

Country: Iran

Keywords: Human Rights Abuses

Shelf Number: 146723