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Date: April 17, 2024 Wed
Time: 8:26 pm
paraguay
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paraguay
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40 total results foundAuthor: Kaye, Mike Title: Contemporary Forms of Slavery in Paraguay Summary: This report gives an overview and analysis of different slavery practices in Paraguay, including forced labor of indigenous people, trafficking in people, the commercial sexual exploitation of children, child domestic work and child soldiers. Details: London: Anti-Slavery International, 2006. 25p. Source: Year: 2006 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Child Prostitution Shelf Number: 118401 |
Author: Hervieu, Benoit Title: Paraguay: Journalists Alone Facing Trafficking Summary: Last February, Reporters Without Borders released its first-ever thematic report on organized crime, the main source of physical danger for journalists since the end of the Cold War. Produced with the help of our correspondents and specialists in several continues, that report underlined how difficult it is for the media to investigate the criminal underworld’s activities, networks and infiltration of society. Aside from covering bloody shootouts between rival cartels, news media of any size usually seem ill-equipped to describe organized crime’s hidden but ubiquitous presence. Paraguay, which a Reporters Without Borders representative visited from 3 to 10 July, is a good example of these problems. Overshadowed by Brazil and Argentina, its two big neighbours in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), it has long received one of the world’s worst rankings in Transparency International’s corruption index. It is also a major way station in the trafficking of cocaine from the Bolivian Andes to the Southern Cone. While the level of violence is not as high as in Mexico, Colombia or some Central American countries, the persistent corruption, judicial impunity and influence of mafia activity on political and business activity prevent the media and civil society from playing a watchdog role. Although elections brought about a real change of government for the first time in 2008, Paraguay is still struggling to free itself from the code of silence and complicity that prevailed during the decades of dictatorship and affects the media as well. This was clear from interviews with journalists, observers and state officials in Asunción and Concepción, in the border cities of Ciudad del Este and Encarnación, and the Argentine border city of Posadas. Details: Paris: Reporters Without Borders for Press Freedom, 2011. 11p. Source: Inquiry Report: Internet Resource: Accessed February 19, 2012 at http://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/paraguay_report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Drug Cartels Shelf Number: 124205 |
Author: Joleby, Elin Title: The Perception of Children’s Rights in Paraguayan Press: A study of how Unicef communicates with journalists concerning child street-workers Summary: This study focused on the level of success Unicef in Paraguay had in communicating its message concerning child street-workers to the press in Asunción. We also examined how the communication works between Unicef and the journalists, and how child street-workers appear in the press according to our sources. We based our study on the theoretical understanding of media logic and planned communication. These theories were useful to explain the possibilities and obstacles Unicef faces in its communication with the press. Our study builds on qualitative research interviews with journalists, communication staff at Unicef and the coordinator of the Global Agency of News, an organization that monitors how children appear in the Paraguayan press. We found that the communication between Unicef and the journalists is very important and highly valued by both Unicef and the Paraguayan newspapers. The relationship builds on constant trade, where both parts depend on each other. Unicef needs attention from the press in order to spread its message to the general public. The journalists need Unicef because the organization works as a trustable information source to back-up their articles regarding childhood. No one in our study was satisfied with the way child street-workers appear in the press. The children are often showed as victims or criminals and children’s rights are not always considered. A central problem is that awareness about children’s rights is low, both in the Paraguayan society and among many journalists. Unicef succeeds quite well in their communication with the journalists that are already aware of children’s rights. But the organization does not succeed in communicating with a big part of the press, as a lot of articles are still discriminative towards child street-workers. Details: University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 15, 2013 at: umu.diva-portal.org Year: 2009 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Child Street Workers (Paraguay) Shelf Number: 128743 |
Author: Corrales Compagnucci, Hugo Title: Armed Groups and Violence in Paraguay Summary: Armed violence in Paraguay is not a recent phenomenon. During the second half of the XX Century, Paraguay saw the rise of a larger number of underground, revolutionary movements that sought the overthrow of the Alfredo Stroessner's (1954-1989) government. From among those movements emerged the Partido Patria Libre (or, Free Fatherland, also known for its acronym PPL), made up of a two branches: one legal and the other one, operational. The latter was based on people's power, as represented by "Ejercito del Pueblo Paraguayo" (or, the Paraguayan People's Army, with acronym EPP). After EPP broke with PPL in March 2008, this Marxist-oriented revolutionary project, which was apparently oriented to put an end to the social, political and economic inequalities in Paraguay, began to carry out markedly criminal activities, which included bank robberies, kidnappings, assassinations, terrorist attacks and armed confrontations. Its strategies and modus operandi utilized by the Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC). Paraguay features a farm sector in a state of crisis, in which cattle-ranchers, peasants and agro-exporting companies live in a constant strife. The Paraguayan Departments that are the most affected by this situation are Concepcion, San Pedro, Canindeyu y Caazapa, which also suffer from a weak government presence. This deficiency has made these departments ripe for drug-trafficking activity by Brazilian groups such as Primer Comando Capital (i.e., First Capital command), also PCC and Comando Vermelho, (i.e., The Red Command). That is why many peasants, now recruited by EPP, have joined the drug-trafficking business and that, not only as marihuana growers but as "campanas" (i.e., early warning sentinels) for the organization. This helps shape their attitudes for their future involvement in all areas of drug-trafficking. Paraguayan society is the result of social inequity and inequality, such as those resulting from a lack of opportunity. Although Paraguay has successfully recovered from the last world economic crisis, economic growth, by itself, does not ensure an improvement in the quality of life. As long as such economic and social gaps persist and the government fails to enact the policies that would result in a more just society and toward EPP neutralization or containment, the latter is bound to grow stronger. In this context, the situation in Paraguay calls for more research into the EPP phenomenon. It would also seem necessary for Paraguay to promote an open national debate that includes all sectors of society in order to raise consciousness and to induce society to take actual steps to eliminate the EPP, as well as any other group that might arise in the immediate future. EPP has strong connections with the Frente Patriotico Manuel Rodriguez in Chile and other armed groups and peasant movements in other countries of this region. Although most governments in the region are aware that the armed struggle is not a solution to current problems, it might be worth it to hold a regional debate about armed or insurgent groups in Latin American to seek common strategies and cooperation on dealing with them since the expansion of these armed groups is a problem for all. Details: Miami: Florida International University, Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center, 2011. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center. Paper 31. Accessed October 6, 2016 at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=whemsac Year: 2011 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Drug Trafficking Shelf Number: 140539 |
Author: Garat, Guillermo Title: Paraguay: The cannabis breadbasket of the Southern Cone: A focus on the largest cannabis producer in South America Summary: Key Points - Paraguay is the principal producer of cannabis in South America. Despite its importance as a supplier of cannabis in South America, there has been a surprising absence of serious studies of its impact on its own society, and on the play of offer and demand in neighbouring countries. - After 40 years of an intense "war on drugs", there are now eight departments involved in the business, with spiralling homicide rates, an absence of state policy intervention, drug traffickers infiltrated into local political structures, and millions of dollars which are shared out by terrorist organizations, a new chain of services connected to the illicit trade, and - to a much lesser extent - small farmers suffocated by repeated crises. - Contradictions in productive structures, the lack of agrarian policies, poverty and the absence of perspectives for the rural population led to a gradual, and progressively more blatant, adoption of cannabis cultivation by young. Over time, growing cannabis became one of the few viable economic prospects for large sectors of the population. - Intermediaries who manage contacts with the buyers on the border with Brazil, employ young people to grow, protect, harvest, dry, press, package and even transport the cannabis - not just within Paraguay, but even into nearby countries, using the limited means at their disposal, such as their shoulders, bicycles and motorbikes. - The use of cannabis is looked down on by the general population, particularly in rural areas, and even in the communities where it is grown, it is commonly referred to as the "demon weed" (hierba maldita). Lifetime use of cannabis in Paraguay is the second lowest in all Latin America, only 0.4% admitting to having tried it. - Some politicians, government officials, civil society organisations and farmers' organisations see the benefit of the regulation of the cannabis market in Paraguay, but the debate is still incipient. Details: Bonn, Germany: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2016. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Drug Policy Briefing, no. 46: Accessed November 2, 2016 at: https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/drug_policy_briefing_46.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Cannabis Shelf Number: 145004 |
Author: Aboal, Diego Title: Los costos del crimen en Paraguay Summary: The objective of this paper is to measure the costs associated with crime and violence in Paraguay For this, the methodology of cost accounting and a wide range of information sources. The results for the year 2010 indicate that the annual costs are close to 9% of GDP, which represents approximately 1,765 million dollars. Between The costs considered in this work include those of security and crime prevention, justice, costs of stolen goods, health costs and loss of life as a result of the violence and costs associated with corruption. Details: CINVE (Uruguay) - Instituto Desarrollo (Paraguay), 2013. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 7, 2018 at: http://desarrollo.org.py/admin/app/webroot/pdf/publications/30-09-2015-15-03-18-1776050928.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Corruption Shelf Number: 153345 |
Author: International Labour Organization Title: Tracer Study - Paraguay Summary: The study was carried out in Paraguay during the first semester of 2011. It focuses on action programmes (AP) implemented e between 2002 and 2007 by eight IPEC partners in the in the sectors of child domestic work (CDW) and commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). This qualitative-based research is built upon the analysis of 24 cases using the primary sources of the testimonies of AP former beneficiaries, their family members and relatives as well as local AP and communities' resource people. The main goal of this study is to describe and explain changes in the life of former beneficiaries, identifying the influence of the interventions on their current situation. The qualitative research seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the facts based on the determination of a diversity of situations, patterns and commonalities as well as the potential influence of action programmes on those changes. A first relevant aspect that was found was of the withdrawal of child labour and situations of exploitation, both immediately, i.e. at the time of the AP implementation, and gradually. Even if this is not absolute, it is possible to conclude that the programs were an opportunity for former beneficiaries helping them to be redirected to other forms of work, free of exploitation, to obtain tools, take up their studies again or continue in school. Important changes in schooling were also detected, such as the possibility to resume studies previously dropped, regulate school attendance, reinforce school performance and access vocational training. In cases of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), which generally involve less advantaged children, results are less significant than in the child domestic work (CDW) context, many of whom were already in the formal education system. In some cases, children have been able to keep studying after primary and secondary education, getting a technical higher training or even university education. In spite of being removed from child labour and previous conditions of exploitation, many times former beneficiaries have not been able to access non-precarious work situations offering a tangible way out of poverty. This obstacle constitutes the main limitation of AP: facing the challenge of removing children from exploitation and hazardous work. In the CDW cases studied it must be pointed out that the job placements were found out of CDW, even if some children were referred to related activities like cooking. On the contrary, in CSEC cases, CDW was often perceived as one of the few ways out, especially by young girls and young women. Participation in AP is sometimes considered as a milestone in the life of the beneficiaries: it offers them support, contact with people interested in their well-being and new possibilities. It is especially important as sometimes it is the first time that those children experience a human bond other than abuse and exploitations. AP provided them with an opportunity to break away from the idea of an inexorable fate and to hope for a change in their life. AP's intervention has most certainly allowed the former beneficiaries and also their family members and relatives to get familiar with the idea of rights and the rights that they are entitled to. In fact, most of them express their agreement on the inadmissibility of child labour and that it must be prevented. In fact, except for a few cases, individuals who benefited from AP stated that they would not allow their own children to work in child labour or to live in similar conditions. In this respect, AP should be considered as a chance to break the cycle inexorably linking poverty to child labour and child exploitation, opening new prospects and perspectives in the lives of these people. Finally, the research shows a positive vision of AP effects on the above mentioned areas, in spite of the many limitations that arose. Details: Geneva, SWIT: ILO, 2012. 106p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 15, 2019 at: https://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_210519/lang--en/index.htm (Available in Spanish and French) Year: 2012 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Child Exploitation Shelf Number: 154627 |
Author: United Nations Population Fund Title: Paraguay: Country Assessment on Violence Against Women Summary: Over the last 20 years, violence against women (VAW) has been increasingly recognized as a major health, human rights and development issue. The Secretary General's in-depth Study on all forms of violence against women (A/61/122/Add.1, and Cor.1) recommends intensified action to eliminate VAW at all levels. The General Assembly's resolution urges United Nations (UN) entities to enhance coordination and intensify their efforts to eliminate VAW in a more systematic, comprehensive and sustained manner. It further calls upon UN entities to orchestrate initiatives to assist States in their efforts to eliminate VAW women via the establishment of an Inter-agency Task Force on VAW. Via this Task Force, a pilot program on VAW has been initiated for 10 countries which include Burkina Faso and Rwanda from Africa, Jamaica from the Caribbean, Paraguay and Chile from Latin America, Fiji from the Pacific, Philippines form Asia, Jordan and Yemen from the Middle East and Kyrgyzstan from Central Asia. The Task Force will assist these States by supporting comprehensive national approaches on VAW women like designing and implementing national action plans prior to which, a country assessment on VAW women becomes a priority. It is within this framework that this country assessment on VAW women has been undertaken. The Paraguay country assessment on VAW will emphasize the nature and extent of following issues: - Identifying the forms of violence, victims, perpetrators and consequences ; - Existing relevant policies and laws pertaining to VAW; - Stakeholders and their capacities; challenges and gaps in addressing VAW; and, - Identifying priorities for interventions. Details: New York: UNFPA, 2008. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2019 at: https://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/vaw/Paraguay.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Paraguay Keywords: Gender-Based Violence Shelf Number: 155341 |