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134 total results foundAuthor: O'Donnell, Daniel Title: Assessment of Juvenile Justice Reform Achievements in Turkey Summary: This report presents an assessment of the juvenile justice system in Turkey. It found considerable progress in recent years of bringing the system into greater compliance with international standards. Throughout the system, the study found a core of professional staff that have a good understanding of the deep commitment to the rights of children and juvenile justice. Details: Geneva: United Nations Children's Fund Regional Office for CEE/CIS, 2009. 42p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: Turkey Keywords: Juvenile Justice Reform (Turkey) Shelf Number: 117801 |
Author: Unver, Ahmet Title: People's Experience of Urban Lighting in Public Space Summary: This thesis aims to create new perspectives in urban lighting design by discovering people’s preferences in urban lighting through an exploratory research on people’s perceptive experience of urban space at night. In this study, I aim to analyze the common approaches and methods of urban lighting design and make their critique through my research results. Primary research objectives include the evaluation of what people perceive from the urban lighting design and how they feel about the design outcomes. In order to explore people’s experience of lit urban space at night, my research comprises a survey that aims to discover people’s opinions on certain lit urban scenes collected from the city of Ankara. Urban lighting design is a discipline that emerged to improve the aesthetic quality of urban space. It has significant effects on people and consequently on urban life. However, in this discipline, exploration of people’s needs and preference is a neglected phenomenon. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to review the designercentered perspective on urban lighting design and question whether existing approach to this discipline has preferable outcomes for people. Through this desearch I aim to test whether it is appropriate to pursue and carry out the existing type of lighting design, and propose new perspectives to urban lighting. Details: Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2009. 199p. Source: Internet Resource: www.ahmetunver.net/gths/ahmet_unver_master_thesis.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Turkey Keywords: Crime Prevention Shelf Number: 119783 |
Author: Kurdish Info Title: The Punitive-Justice System that Kurdish Chidlren are Subjected to in the 21st Century Turkey Summary: In order to understand the case of the children, who have been included in the police records for many years, it is necessary to know, scrutinise and internalise the incidents that have been going on in the land in which they have born and grew up. This can only be achieved by seeking an answer to the question “who are these children” or questioning the deteriorating effects of the dirty war that has been experienced in the region for almost 30 years. The intense period of conflict (1990-1996) that coincides with the date of birth of these children living in the Eastern and South Eastern regions of which the administration have been surrendered to JITEM (Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele - Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counterterrorism) and an armed force consisting of village guards. With their extralegal and inhuman implementations of dirty war for many years, these armed forces inflicted irreparable damages upon the population of the region. Excluding the village guards, every individual, who earned their living through agriculture and animal husbandry in the villages and fields, have been subjected to oppression, violence and forced displacement for being declared potential suspects. Relying on the authority and powers they have been entrusted with, the armed forces have not only targeted the opponents of the system, but also subjected the people, who stood before their personal interests, to inhuman treatment. There have been thousands of unsolved and solved killings in the region, while thousands were forced to leave their homes. Their homes, belongings and even animals have been burned alive in front of their eyes. While some of them resettled in the nearest city centres, a substantial proportion of people had to immigrate to Western cities. The people who have been living on the land for many years, have been denied access to their village to use their land, fields and gardens by the security forces on the pretext of security. Members of the families who were forced to resettle in the cities are unemployed, devoid of any income and continue with their lives in great economic distress. They have found themselves in the midst of a village-city conflict with economic, social, cultural alienation as well as issues in relation to language and identity. During the years of ascendancy of the dirty war (1990-1996), the unity of police, JITEM and Hizbullah (Party of God), caused extrajudicial executions in the cities every day, thousands of detentions as a results of which the bodies have not yet been found, disappearance of people who have been taken away while at home or work as well as thousands of unsolved killings. During these years, many provinces in the region were subject of discussion only in relation to the killings and there have been news of a disappearance every day for years. The dark powers that regenerated the dirty face of war have ended so many lives without distinguishing between shop-owners, office-workers, old, young or child. Today, almost all the children who have been arrested, tried in Diyarbakir, Sirnak, Mardin, Batman and many other cities and sentenced to quarter of century of imprisonment, are the witnesses and belong to families, who are material and psychological victims of the dirty war in the villages and fields, which have been evacuated by the security powers on the pretext of security, of Eastern and South Eastern regions that have been subjected to discriminatory policies and regarded as Region of State of Emergency. The streets that witnessed the slogans and victory signs of children today, have witnessed the unsolved murder or disappearance of one of the family members in those years. The father or some other relative of these children has either been subject to an unsolved murder or disappeared without a trace of body, or whose mother or father have been accused of various crimes and sentenced. The conditions of education and problems in relation to language, identity, discrimination and alienation in their new cities have made quite negative influences on the children, who are in a process of development. The greatest factors that influenced the children to resort to such incidents (stone throwing) are such experiences. The incidents that the children encountered have completely shaped their view of police, soldier and state in a negative manner. It must be emphasised that the state, which disregarded the incidents that made the children resort to such actions in the contexts of conflict, has enacted laws that sentenced the children, seen as individuals, to imprisonment as long as their ages instead of re-organising the political institutions, developing itself, establishing a better framework of administration, and carrying out activities for the peace and liberty of the individual. Today, the security forces that use the authority given to them by the anti-terror law uses violence and detains individuals without distinguishing between male, female, adult or child, and without even considering whether they took part in the incidents or not. During the incidents that took part in the region, security forces have detained many children by looking into their palms to see whether they are dusty or sweaty. Details: Kurdish-info.eu, 2010. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2010 at: http://www.kurdish-info.eu/media/files/CHILDREN2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Turkey Keywords: Human Rights (Turkey) Shelf Number: 119838 |
Author: Gulik, Gauri van Title: “He Loves You, He Beats You”: Family Violence in Turkey and Access to Protection Summary: In Turkey, approximately 42 percent of all women, and 47 percent of women in rural areas, have experienced physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner at some stage in their lives. “He Loves You, He Beats You” documents the experiences of women in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Van, Trabzon, and Diyarbakır who endured violence and sought help from the state. Women we interviewed described brutal and long-lasting violence by husbands, in-laws, and other family members. Human Rights Watch documented women and girls as young as fourteen being raped, stabbed, kicked in the abdomen when pregnant, beaten with hammers, sticks, branches, and hoses to the point of broken bones and fractured skulls, locked up with dogs or other animals, starved, shot with a stun gun, injected with poison, pushed off a rooftop, and subjected to severe psychological violence. Despite some impressive law reforms to address violence against women in Turkey, including the availability of civil protection orders, there are gaps in law and even greater failings in implementation, making the protection system unpredictable at best. Domestic violence shelters in Turkey, far too few to meet the demand, exclude certain categories of women, and in some cases have poor conditions and inadequate security. The Turkish government should amend the family protection law to fill the gaps and should systematically and proactively improve its implementation. Failing to do so constitutes not just a violation of Turkish law, but also violations of international and regional human rights law. Details: New York: Human Rights Watch, 2011. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2011 at: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2011/05/04/he-loves-you-he-beats-you-0 Year: 2011 Country: Turkey Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 121770 |
Author: Turkish Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Title: Turkish Drug Report: 2010 Summary: Turkey strongly believes that supply and demand cannot be separated from each other in counteracting drug use and addiction; therefore, coordination and simultaneous actions are essential concerning both fields. Additionally, treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration fields are also integrated parts of this process. Thus, these multilateral actions are to be based on scientific grounds. In this scope, reports based on reliable, accurate and comparable data play an important role in the success of the actions undertaken against addictive substances and drug addiction. These reports are influential in the identification of roadmaps for an effective fight against drugs and efficient use of resources by laying down the weaknesses and strengths of the actions undertaken by States through analysis. In this framework, “Turkish Drug Report” is prepared on an annual basis since 2006 by the Turkish National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, namely the Turkish National Focal Point of the EMCDDA, affiliated to the Turkish National Police, Department of Anti-Smuggling and Organised Crime. This Report handles and approaches to the drug addiction problem not only in its law enforcement (supply) aspect, but also in all its aspects covering all the relevant ministries, NGOs, treatment and rehabilitation centres, universities and media. One of the most important focus points of this Report is to raise awareness on the perception of the tasks and duties of the relevant agencies and institutions in this multilateral and multidisciplinary counteraction. Detailed information and analysis on the current situation in Turkey concerning drugs and drug addiction and on the interventions in prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and criminal justice systems are shared, via this Report, with all the relevant agencies and institutions and are brought into their use. Details: Ankara: Turkish Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2011. 204p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2011 at: http://polis.osce.org/library/f/3796/3079/GOV-TUR-RPT-3796-EN-Turkish%20Drug%20Report%202010.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Turkey Keywords: Drug Abuse and Addition (Turkey) Shelf Number: 122476 |
Author: Duru, Haci Title: Crime on Turkish Streetblocks: An Examination of the Effects of High-Schools, On-Premise Alcohol Outlets, and Coffeehouses. Summary: This dissertation examines the relationships between three specific types of places, including high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, and Turkish coffeehouses, and crime on Turkish streetblocks. Its theoretical framework is grounded in an environmental criminology approach. Research hypotheses are derived from an integration of routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, social disorganization theory, and multilevel criminal opportunity theory. For each of the target places, (high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, Turkish coffeehouses), it is hypothesized that as the number of the target places (e.g., high schools) on a streetblock increases, the number of crimes also increases on that streetblock. Further, this relationship is hypothesized to be moderated by neighborhood level social disorganization variables. The data for this research come from four different sources. The crime data come from the Bursa Police Department, Turkey. The locations of crime incidents and places are plotted on electronic maps of streetblocks and neighborhoods of Bursa. The map files, including the maps of high schools and on-premise alcohol outlets, come from the Bursa Police Department as well. The locations of Turkish coffeehouses come from the Bursa Chamber of Commerce/Coffeehouses. Neighborhood level social disorganization variables come from the Turkish Statistical Institution. The LandScan 2008 Dataset is used to construct a measure of population at risk. The data are analyzed using the multilevel multivariate Poisson modeling (HGLM) technique (Raudenbush and Earl 2002). The research hypotheses are tested for total crimes, as well as for specific types of crime (i.e., violent crime, burglary, theft, auto-theft, and theft from auto). The results of the analyses indicate that, overall, as the number of target places (e.g., high schools) increases on a streetblock, the number of crimes also increases. The strength of this relationship varies by the type of place (i.e., it is strongest in on-premise alcohol outlets models and weakest in high schools models) and the type of crime. This relationship is also moderated by neighborhood social disorganization. More specifically, overall, neighborhood heterogeneity and economic disadvantage strengthens, and neighborhood instability and family disruption weakens the relationship. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed. There are several limitations of this research. These include problems regarding the temporal ordering of the variables and technical issues regarding the map files (i.e., ambiguity regarding some streetblocks, boundary streets, locations of crime incidents and business places), and limited measures of business places and indicators of social disorganization variables. Possible effects of these limitations on the findings are discussed. With these limitations in mind, this study shows that a multilevel criminal opportunity theory is generalizable to Turkish streetblocks and neighborhoods. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Criminal Justice, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Year: 7526 Country: Turkey Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Shelf Number: 122737 |
Author: Kardam, Filiz Title: The Dynamics of Honor Killings in Turkey: Prospects for Action Summary: This report summarizes and evaluates qualitative research about so-called 'honour killings'. It focused the different perceptions of honour and the consequences faced by people engaged in 'dishonourable conduct'. It also analyzes the way the concept of dishonour is related to social structures, lifestyles and mental constructs. The information is derived from interviews and group discussions conducted in four Turkish cities with relatively high numbers of such murders. The report includes proposals for solutions to the problem and suggestions for action. Details: Ankara, Turkey: UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund, 2007. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 3, 2012 at http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2007/honourkillings.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Turkey Keywords: Honor Killings (Turkey) Shelf Number: 123951 |
Author: Dogru, Osman Title: "Mills that Grind Defendants": Criminal Justice System in Turkey from a Human Rights Perspective Summary: "Mills that Grind Defendants: Criminal Justice System in Turkey from a Human Rights Perspective”, authored by Osman Doğru delves into the problematic aspects of the criminal justice system in Turkey with a comparative approach through European Human Rights Convention’s legal framework and implementations. The report focuses on the following problematic aspects of the defendants’ rights in Turkey: detentions without indictments; prolonged pre-trial detentions and lengthy trials; prevention of defendants’ access to legal counsel and the issuance of indictments based on unlawfully obtained evidences. In addition, Osman Doğru’s report critically evaluates the treatment of this issue in the Judicial Reform Strategy, produced by the Ministry of Justice and puts forth specific policy recommendations. Details: Istanbul: TESEV (Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation) Publications, 2012. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at: http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=en&id=142277 Year: 2012 Country: Turkey Keywords: Criminal Justice Systems (Turkey) Shelf Number: 125664 |
Author: Berk, Seda Kalem Title: “Access to Justice” in Turkey: Indicators and Recommendations Summary: The concept of “access to justice” started to become popular in the literature of law in Turkey during the 2000s. One can argue that this might be due to different legal and political reasons and coincides with the acceptance of Turkey’s candidacy for full membership to the European Union. In this context, the justice policies that could be developed from the perspective of “access to justice” will carry importance in the purpose of ensuring that everyone in the society is able to effectively benefit from the justice services. The other front of the matter concerns more directly the legal field. The main themes in this field are defined by the constitutions under headings, such as the protection of fundamental rights and freedom and the right to legal remedy, etc. Traditionally, these headings are included under the study area of the discipline of “procedural law” in modern law systems. However, from a traditional viewpoint of law, even if the abovementioned concepts are included in constitutions, it is also possible to assert that the viewpoint focusing on the technique, style and procedure of the procedural law is always more in the foreground in applications concerning this matter. In human rights law, particularly with the developments taking place in the second half of the 20th century, it can be said that the traditional definition and implementation framework of procedural law has broken with the acknowledgement of the right to fair trial and other related rights, and the efforts for the protection of these rights. Within the context of human rights law, it is essential that a right is granted, protected and exercised, and its development is monitored. This axis, which expresses different functional phases, can be explained with one concept: empowerment. Of course, this is a concept that expresses the empowerment of the subject of the right. In other words, this situation expresses the logic in protecting the rights of a legal person (be it a real or juridical entity) through the law. Establishing the concept of “access to justice” based on the “empowerment” approach will also be one of the important legal, political and social instruments of transition from the traditional to a redefined procedural law that is under the effect of the human rights law. This study by Seda Kalem Berk, titled “Access to Justice” in Turkey: Indicators and Recommendations, can be regarded as the analysis of an impact assessment that is capable of covering all the phases of the abovementioned development and re-definition axis. With this outlook, I can even say that it is an analysis from a social sciences lens, scrutinizing the domain of exercising “the right to legal remedy” and other factors affecting it in Turkey. On the other hand, this study is also an exemplary contribution in terms of the academic change demonstrating itself with social scientists starting to work alongside jurists in areas concerning the law. The author examines the situation of access to justice in Turkey through the cross-sections opened by the headings “Legal Aid”, “Access to Information”, “Interpretation in Courts”, and “Electronic Case Filing.” In a sense, this represents an analysis of the “right to legal remedy” in present-day Turkey and in view of the current social, economic and technological development. In other words, these four headings specify the mechanisms and instruments which should be discussed within the context of the “right to legal remedy” in Turkey and the determination and empowerment of the positions of those who will be accepted as the subjects of these and other connected rights. With this aspect, the study should be read as an analysis into one of the major structural elements of the policy area called “justice reform” or “judicial reform”, that calles for a human-focused approach. Details: Istanbul: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV), 2011. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 24, 2012 at: http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=135218 Year: 2011 Country: Turkey Keywords: Courts Shelf Number: 125758 |
Author: Cerrah, Ibrahim Title: The European Code of Police Ethics and the Vocational Socialization of Security Personnel in Turkey Summary: Although the structure of and services provided by security sector institutions have transformed and developed through the course of history, the centrality of security in private and public spheres has remained intact. Domestic security services need to be constantly improved and amended according to dominant and current value systems so as to ensure that individuals’ rights and liberties are protected and that societies’ have a higher quality of life. As the level of welfare in a society rises, people expect the public services provided by their state to rise accordingly. Men and women of today’s world want to be more informed about, partake in and oversee the services that are designed for and paid by them. Domestic security services, like all other forms of public service, are also evaluated in the above context. Naturally, domestic security services in Turkey ought to comply with current international standards. Security sector institutions in Turkey and the services they provide are subject to parliamentary and administrative oversight both at national and local level. However, the difficulty in externally overseeing the conduct of security sector personnel is obvious. Therefore, there is an impending need for a code of ethics that security sector personnel may adopt and internalize. We live in an age where maximizing quality of life is the ultimate goal. ‘Effectiveness and efficiency’ are the basic precondition for the production of public goods and services. Although provision of security is critical for private and public life, security services should not be provided “at all costs”. Provision of security has economic and social costs, both of which have to be acceptable and affordable. “Social costs of security” refer to the impact that security services have on a society. Security measures and practices that have a negative impact on social life may be considered “effective” in deterring security threats but may not be accepted as “productive” since these measures hamper social harmony and quality of life. Security sector institutions, while performing their duties in accordance with international norms, have to act as conscientious vanguards of social harmony. Security measures that trouble the majority of Turkish society are not productive according to modern standards. Efficiency in this sense is measured according not only to state-of-the-art equipment and gear that security personnel uses but also to the personnel’s attitude, conduct, and methodology. Security personnel involved in fighting crime ought to act as guardians of social harmony also and consequently, they should receive legal as well as professional ethics training. Another aspect of the costs associated with security provision is financial. “Security at all costs” is increasingly becoming unacceptable. Both social and economic costs of security services must be affordable. Defense and security spending that is too expensive and has a negative impact on the well-being of citizens is not productive. A good comparative variable for Turkey is the ratio of defense spending to education or health budgets in developed countries. When the size of a defense budget reaches a level that threatens the well-being of a society, it will trigger an increase in crime. Crimes committed in Turkey today are predominantly the result of abject poverty and unemployment. The inextricable link between terrorism and unemployment and illiteracy proves the hypothesis that the diversion of resources from education and employment to defense contributes to a rise in crime. Consequently, during the 59th government, a law was enacted to grant the Court of Auditors the authority to monitor Turkey’s defense budget. When the corresponding bylaws are drafted and enacted, Turkey’s defense spending will be politically overseen in its entirety. Adjusting the size of the defense budget in Turkey to the standards employed by developed countries lowers the economic cost of security but the social cost of security should be treated separately. Containing the social cost of security, coined with the conduct and practices of security sector personnel, depends on education. Security sector personnel should be trained using a curriculum drafted according to modern universal values including ‘rule of law’ and ‘respect for human rights’. This can only be accomplished through continuous education. Security sector personnel ought to learn first and foremost the regulations that pertain to their individual tasks and duties. Furthermore, legal training will not suffice. Security sector personnel ought to comprehend, through the course of their legal training, the gist of the legislation governing their occupation and internalize the universal system of values that they live in. Security services is an area where its providers can enjoy greater autonomy than other public service providers. The education that security services personnel receive will determine how they will use their autonomy. However, education in this sense is not restricted to formal training given to security services personnel. Formal training should be fortified by pervasive and informal education. The process of socialization that security sector personnel experience during their training, on duty and in their private time determines to a great extent their occupational ethics and their conduct. The author of this report analyzes these matters in detail and reflects on the effects of vocational socialization on police code of ethics and on the behavior of security sector personnel. Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) has passed important laws that aim to increase the quality of domestic security services. Within these laws, a delicate balance was sought between increasing the powers of security sector personnel and decreasing the human rights violations conducted by the security sector personnel. Increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of security sector is as important as preserving sensitivity on human rights. TGNA strove to maintain this delicate balance throughout the previous legislative term. This report on European Police code of ethics, prepared with the joint effort of experts from European Union member states and Turkey, is a valuable resource for Turkish security services personnel. Moreover, the study conducted by the author on Turkish security sector personnel’s socioeconomic structure, level of education, vocational and personal socialization will help security sector personnel to better understand and define their presence and to increase the quality of the services they provide. Security personnel need to interpret their duties within a more contemporary context in order to obtain a qualified relationship with the citizenry. This report will make an important contribution to the training of security personnel in this respect. Details: Istanbul: TESEV, 2008. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: DCAF-TESEV Series in Security Sector Studies - 3: Accessed August 16, 2012 at: www.dcaf.ch Year: 2008 Country: Turkey Keywords: Domestic Security Personnel Shelf Number: 126040 |
Author: Pucher, Jenny Andersson Title: Current Anti-trafficking Response in Turkey and the Way Forward Summary: The report is part of the project 'Enhanced Identification and Protection of Trafficked Persons in Turkey (IPT)'. It analyses the current situation of trafficking in human beings in Turkey, and summarises the challenges practitioners and policymakers face in fighting this crime. Moreover, the report provides practical recommendations for the way forward in ensuring a comprehensive national anti-trafficking response. The report can be downloaded in English and in Turkish. Under the same project, ICMPD has published the Train-the-Trainer Curriculum on the Identification, Referral and Assistance of Trafficked Persons. The curriculum is a guide for any training or work session on THB with a focus on understanding the scope of the topic, as well as relevant issues around multi-disciplinary cooperation for the successful identification and referral of victims of trafficking. Furthermore, the training sessions provide national actors step-by-step guidance on how to establish a functioning and sustainable national referral system based on standard operation procedures for the identification and referral of trafficked persons, in full compliance with human rights standards, and based on a participatory and multidisciplinary approach that involves all relevant institutions and stakeholders Details: Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), 2013. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2014 at: http://www.icmpd.org/fileadmin/ICMPD-Website/ICMPD-Website_2011/ICMPD_General/News/IPT_Publications/Anti-trafficking_research_report_Turkey_ENG.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Turkey Keywords: Human Rights Shelf Number: 132213 |
Author: Schanzer, Jonathan Title: Terrorism Finance in Turkey: A Growing Concern Summary: The Financial Action Task Force, or FATF, the international body for setting the global standards to combat terrorist financing, held its plenary session in Paris in mid-February 2014. In the days before the meeting, Bloomberg reported that the Turkish lira weakened and stocks dropped resulting from concerns over a possible blacklisting. Realistically, Turkey was in little danger of joining the short FATF list of countries requiring "counter-measures" (Iran and North Korea). But the markets were jittery because of an ongoing corruption scandal in Turkey, which erupted on December 17, 2013. In the end, the corruption charges had no impact on FATF's ruling. Ankara was merely grey-listed by FATF, as it has been since 2007, due to deficiencies based on technical and legislative criteria. But the market's outsized anxiety underscored the fact that, amidst the corruption scandal, a troubling picture has come into focus. With the Syrian civil war raging just across Turkey's eastern border, reports continue to circulate that Turkey has turned a blind eye to the flow of money and weaponry to dangerous jihadi groups, including al-Qaeda. And while Ankara has been struggling to weaken Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, a client of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkey was involved in a massive sanctions-busting scheme with Tehran. Now known as "gas-for-gold," the scheme helped the Iranian regime gain some $13 billion, even as Turkey's NATO allies sought to punish Tehran for its illicit nuclear program. Meanwhile, leaders of the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas have been meeting with Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdooan in Ankara. In fact, one senior Hamas leader, Saleh Aruri, reportedly resides in Turkey, where he has been allegedly involved in the financing and logistics of Hamas operations. On top of this, in September 2013, Turkey surprised the West by entering into a controversial missile deal with a Chinese defense firm that was blacklisted for selling Iran items for its nuclear program. Many of these reports intersect with the recent corruption scandal. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has rejected most of the allegations, blaming outsiders (notably Israel and followers of the Pennsylvania-based Islamist leader Fethullah Gulen) for a "treacherous plot."[2] Rather than addressing the charges, the AKP has purged the investigators, prosecutors, and journalists involved, threatening the rule of law in Turkey. Washington, for its part, has remained on the sidelines, expressing relatively mild concern about the crackdowns on law enforcement officials and the jailing of journalists, while electing not to mention terrorism finance issues publicly. Washington's silence stems from fears of a fall-out with Turkey, which has been a crucial ally over the years, and is situated strategically at the intersection of Europe and the Middle East. But Turkey's actions constitute a direct challenge to Washington's sanctions regime. Built under two presidents, this layered and intricate sanctions infrastructure has become a crucial tool to combating illicit finance the world over. Moreover, with Iran, Hamas, and al-Qaeda in the picture, how long before elements within the U.S. government-whether the Treasury, State Department, or Congress-feel compelled to issue designations of individuals or institutions tied to terrorism in Turkey? How long before Turkey runs the risk of being viewed as a possible State Sponsor of Terrorism? Such steps seem drastic. But should these problems continue to mount, Washington will have a more difficult time maintaining this important alliance, both because of legal obligations and public perceptions. The window to address these problems is now. Details: Washington, DC: Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 2014. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 31, 2014 at: http://www.defenddemocracy.org/stuff/uploads/documents/Schanzer_Turkey_Final_Report_3_smaller.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Turkey Keywords: Political Corruption Shelf Number: 132852 |
Author: Kamminga, Jorrit Title: Opium poppy licensing in Turkey: A model to solve Afghanistan's illegal opium economy? Summary: The report analyses the Turkish opium licensing system as a way to illustrate the "normality" of such an industry. The latter function is important for the current debate on using similar systems in other countries. In Afghanistan, for example, the opium poppy is still solely associated with illegal drug consumption, drug trafficking, crime and insurgency. On the contrary, in Turkey, opium poppies are regarded as both traditional medicine and an essential part of a rich cooking tradition. As such, the poppy licensing industry in Turkey should be regarded less a direct example of how to implement a similar model in Afghanistan, but more as an illustration of an alternative, non-politicised way of looking at the opium poppy plant and its potential benefits for Afghanistan. Details: Kabul, Afghanistan: International Council on Security and Development, 2011. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 2, 2014 at: http://www.icosgroup.net/static/reports/Opium_Licensing_Turkey_Jorrit_Kamminga.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Turkey Keywords: Drug Policy Shelf Number: 133549 |
Author: Kubilay, Ayse Belkis Title: Crime Prevention by Means of Urban Design Tools: The Case of Istiklal Neighborhood, Ankara Summary: The objective of this study is to seek the reasons of both the actual crime and fear of crime on urban streets, to evaluate the relationships between fear and physical attributes and to find out how physical attributes can help to reduce this. The study aims at developing new urban design principles in order to decrease the crime risks for users in historic residential neighborhoods. To do that, the study identifies the risky and unsecure spaces and potential places with high crime rates in Istiklal Neighborhood. The study also explains the relationship between crime and the design of the built environment and the role of urban design tools in reducing the crime rate and creating safer places by the help of this case study, held in Istiklal Neighborhood, Ankara. Details: Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University, 2009. 165p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 13, 2014 at: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610916/index.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Turkey Keywords: Built Environment Shelf Number: 134069 |
Author: Unal, Mehmet Title: Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Cross-Border Heroin Trafficking in Turkey Summary: Drug use and trafficking is one of the most significant problems of today's society. According to the United Nations Office of Drug Control Program, 16 million people are described as problem drug users meaning they are dependent to illegal drugs in their daily life. Problems associated with illegal drugs are not only associated with people's health but also related to economy, politics and social life. Illegal drug trafficking is a multi-billion dollar industry. When it spreads across society, illegal drug business is highly associated with judicial, political, and socio-economical instability in local communities. Arguably one of the leading crime prevention theories is Situational Crime Prevention theory. Situational Crime Prevention seeks to reduce opportunities of specific crimes by increasing risk and reducing the awards. Positive effects of situational prevention strategies on street level crimes are well documented in rigorous academic studies. Although the situational approach has been successfully applied to street level crimes, there are few examples of application to macro level cross-border crimes. This study will test whether international drug trafficking is suitable for application of situational crime prevention. Specifically, this study seeks to locate possible opportunity reduction points in the drug trafficking process. The study has three steps. First the nature and dimension of the drug trafficking in Turkey will be analyzed with specific data provided from Turkish National Police's archives. Second, this data will be analyzed to identify the situational factors that facilitate drug trafficking. Finally, possible means of blocking opportunities for drug trafficking will be explored. Details: Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, 2009. 163p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 8, 2015 at: http://cech.uc.edu/content/dam/cech/programs/criminaljustice/docs/phd_dissertations/Unal,%20Mehmet.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Turkey Keywords: Drug Trafficking Shelf Number: 135919 |
Author: Eren, Yunus Title: The Impact of Land Border Security on Terrorism Financing: Turkey's Southeast Land Border and the PKK Summary: Terrorism has become the one of the major threats facing many states. Understanding the potential sources of and preventing the financial support of terrorist organizations takes an important place in countering terrorism. This thesis focuses on the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) financing activities through the land border of Turkey. In doing so, this study mainly examines how the Turkish border security system can stop the trans-border financial activities of PKK along its land borders with Iran, Iraq and Syria. This thesis also takes the U.S. as a case study in terms of border security measures, and within that framework, makes recommendations for safeguarding Turkey's land borders to prevent financial activities of the PKK terrorist organization without affecting free trade and the economic flow of services. Presently, the Turkish border security system is fragmented and poorly coordinated. Border management is currently split between the army, gendarmerie, police and coast guard. Moreover, international and interdepartmental collaborations are extremely limited. The prevention of cross-border financial activities of the PKK might be accomplished by forming an independent border security agency, adopting modern international standards and the latest technological innovations, and sustaining international and interdepartmental cooperation. Details: Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed August 25, 2015 at: http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/38924/13Dec_Eren_Yunus.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2013 Country: Turkey Keywords: Border Patrol Shelf Number: 136575 |
Author: Frontier Economics Title: The economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy in Turkey Summary: This study is the first attempt to estimate the magnitude and costs of counterfeiting in Turkey. The magnitude of counterfeiting in the economy includes the value of imported, domestically produced, and digitally retrieved counterfeit products, and adds up to 1% of the GDP. The costs of counterfeiting include tax losses, additional welfare payments, health costs, as well as costs to the wider economy such as lost FDI and exports. Estimates on employment losses due to all these factors also are included. These estimates are based on a Frontier-developed methodology that is built on work by the OECD, and show that counterfeiting is a serious problem for Turkey. Counterfeiting is not only a law enforcement issue, but is also a core problem that is relevant for economic policy-makers. The recently published Global Competitiveness Report 2011-12 by the World Economic Forum classifies Turkey as a transition economy passing from an efficiency-driven to innovation-driven stage. Completing this transition will necessitate a tough stance against counterfeiting. Firms in an efficiency-driven economy compete and grow by cutting down costs, while firms in an innovation-driven economy compete and grow by creating unique value at the global level. Illicit entities that produce counterfeit products may "compete" on cost, but they cannot act as building blocks of an innovation-driven economy. They are destined to stay as small enterprises that generate little or self-employment with low wages, all the while skirting the law. Entities involved in counterfeiting are necessarily driven into informal, illicit markets. They are excluded not only from the tax collection system, but also from the global manufacturing value-chains of modern corporations that bring local firms opportunities to scale up to the global level. Needless to say, informal firms have limited access to bank credit and venture capital, further limiting their growth prospects. If the Turkish economy is to upgrade to an innovation-driven stage, it will be based on high-impact enterprises that are able to scale-up to the global level by creating unique value. Only firms that are not involved in counterfeiting can acquire and retain global customers and investors in the long-run. It is natural to see this value be distributed to wider society in form of larger employment with higher wages. This is why avoiding counterfeiting should be an economic-policy priority. Tackling counterfeiting is a difficult challenge. It requires not only close enforcement, but the necessary incentives to create long-lasting transformation in the habits of entrepreneurs. To create a policy environment against counterfeiting requires a high level of policy coordination among different departments in the government. Dialogue and coordination among the ministries of Culture and Tourism, Justice, Health, the Interior, Economy, Customs and Trade, as well as institutions such as the Turkish Patent Institute and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), as well as between public institutions and private sector representatives are essential. To ensure coordination and dialogue among so many different agents, political will is critical. This report is a first step in building this political will by revealing the large magnitude and long list of costs associated with counterfeiting and piracy in Turkey. Details: Ankara: BASCAP (Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 16, 2015 at: www.iccwbo.org Year: 2011 Country: Turkey Keywords: Counterfeit Products Shelf Number: 137281 |
Author: Bese, Ertan Title: Sociological Analysis of Organised Criminality in Turkey Summary: This thesis argues that organized crime is a sociological phenomenon with criminological dimensions that constitutes a threat to public security and order, economic development, social integrity, democracy and peace in Turkey, and consequently to the national security of the country. Sociological and political causes of organized criminality will be assessed through a multidimensional approach based on the identification of different conceptual areas and related indicators that characterize organized crime groups. Details: Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University, 2005. 204p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 3, 2015 at: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605960/index.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Turkey Keywords: Criminal Networks Shelf Number: 137430 |
Author: Deniz, Deniz Title: Secure Urban Environments by Design: Analysis of Konak Square Design through "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)" Principles Summary: Better design can play a crucial role for reducing crime and creating secure urban environments. In this regard, planners and designers have begun to acknowledge the importance of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). However, unlike foreign countries, crime prevention through planning and design context has not been considered and integrated with the planning and design studies in Turkey. This study is aimed to fill this vital gap. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between crime (as well as fear of crime) and the spatial built environment. To do that, as one of the recently redesigned public space of zmir, Konak Square Design has been analysed through CPTED principles. In that case, a comparison of recent design of Konak Square and CPTED principles are carried out. Then, if design features of the square complies with CPTED principles or not, found out. Finally, additional recommendations are made that have not been covered by existing CPTED principles to improve security considerations of public places. For this purpose, interviews have been conducted with the zmir Police Department and also the official crime records of the area have been obtained from them. Besides using cross-correlation technique, systematic observations and questionnaires have been used as research methods of this study. Consequently, this particular study did find support for the causal relationships between the occurrence of crime or feelings of insecurity and characteristics of the spatial built environments. Therefore, the study has emphasized that, planning and design issues should be considered carefully in order to create safer and livable public spaces Details: Izmir: Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007. 198p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000615.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Turkey Keywords: Built Environment Shelf Number: 139506 |
Author: Erdogan, Aygun Title: Exploring Crime in a Spatial and Temporal Context: Suitable Response Strategies for Urban Planning and Policing by the Case of Etlik Police Station Zone Summary: This study explores incidents in a spatial and temporal context to achieve suitable strategies for urban planning and policing in crime prevention/reduction. For this purpose, " space " and " time " related incidents are analyzed through " new crime ecology " theories within the designed "loose-coupled" GIS-based system at "mezo"-"micro" ecological levels in a case area within Ankara Metropolis, in 2000. Its main argument is that incidents display differences in the spatial and/or temporal distribution among planned , squatter , and in-transition settlements. In exploring distribution of incidents at global and local scales , it also searches the validity and critical adaptability of the new theories developed/practiced in North American and European countries. In line with new theories , incidents at global scale displayed clustering in space and time. Generally, incidents in aggregate, concentrated mostly in planned ; less in in-transition ; least in squatter areas; and particularly during spring-summer months. However, inc idents against people and against property predominated respectively in squatter and planned areas, and between 18:00-00:00, and 00:00-08:00. As for local scale , incidents in aggregate, displayed spatial interaction ( clustering ), but no space-time interaction . Spatial distribution in time suggested that incidents persistently occur mainly in planned areas. Incidents against property displayed highest level of spatial , and also temporal clustering at global scale ; and particularly spatial clustering (particularly for commercial burglaries/thefts) and space-time clustering (for residential burglaries) at local scale. Complementarily, relatively homogenous global scale spatial distribution of incidents against people is accompanied by their non local scale spatial clustering or space-time clustering , whereby space-time dispersion was observed for simple batteries. Details: Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University, 2007. 321p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608961/index.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Turkey Keywords: Community Policing Shelf Number: 139607 |
Author: Turhal, Tugrul Title: Organizational Structure of PKK and Non-PKK-Linked Turkish Drug Trafficking Organizations: The Influence of Social bonds Summary: Drugs and drug related crime problems pose major threats to societies around the world in terms of their negative consequences at both individual and societal levels. Turkish drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs) have ethnic, social, geographic, and economic ties with Turkey's eastern neighbors, the Balkan Region, and Europe, and are considered to play major roles in the drug trade. The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) has also had a longstanding presence in the drug trade in this region. The goals of this research are (1) to identify the social and demographic characteristics of people in drug-trafficking organizations in Turkey; (2) to elucidate the differences, if any, of the social and structural characteristics in PKK-related and non-PKK-related drug organizations; and (3) to analyze the impact of social bonds on the Turkish drug trafficking organizations (DTOs), their networks and relationships. The data used in this study are official Turkish Police records of drug trafficking cases between 1984 and 2010. Several statistical techniques were used to analyze the data; relationship analysis, analysis of difference, and social network analysis to address the research questions. An analysis of these relationships at both the individual and network level was conducted using original data on 773 members from 100 drug-trafficking organizations (50 of them PKK linked and 50 of them non-PKK linked). The results indicate that while there are some similarities with PKK and non-PKK linked organizations there are also distinct differences in their individual and organizational characteristics, structure, role distribution, nationality, and social ties and bonds. In addition, the study found important evidence connecting the terrorist organization (PKK) with several non-PKK organizations. These connections are quite strong for a portion of the networks. This study significantly contributes to the related literature; it provides a general overview of drug and drug related crime problems and their connection to terrorist organizations throughout the world particularly for those located in Turkey and the Middle Eastern regions. Details: Fairfax, VA: George Mason University, 2015. 258p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 25, 2016 at: http://digilib.gmu.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1920/10137/Turhal_gmu_0883E_11045.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2015 Country: Turkey Keywords: Drug Trafficking Shelf Number: 139834 |
Author: International Childrens Center (ICC) Title: Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism. County-Specific Report: Turkey Summary: Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is one of the most heinous forms of child rights violations in in the world including in Turkey. While, in Turkey, national and local reports and studies mostly focus on sexual abuse of children, findings related to commercial sexual exploitation of children are extremely limited. There is almost no publication on this issue that contains evidence based information with the exception of few recent doctoral dissertations, reports by civil society organizations submitted to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Pornography, a study conducted by the ECPAT International and Yeniden Saglik Association in 2006 and annual rights monitoring reports of the Human Rights Association. One reason for this scarcity is the fact that what CSEC consists of is not understood well and that the offence mostly takes the form of an underground activity committed by criminal enterprises difficult to spot. This report explores only one form of CSEC in Turkey as a contribution to a global study conducted by ECPAT International and its members all over the world Details: Ankara, Turkey: ICC, 2015. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2016 at: file:///C:/Users/pschultze/Downloads/3.-SECTT-TURKEY.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Turkey Keywords: Child Pornography Shelf Number: 140303 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: A Blank Check: Turkey's Post-Coup Suspension of Safeguards Against Torture Summary: On July 15-16, 2016, elements of the military attempted a coup d'etat against the elected government of Turkey, which led to at least 241 deaths among citizens and security personnel. Shortly after the failed coup, the Turkish government declared a state of emergency and adopted emergency decrees that significantly weaken safeguards against abuse in detention. While the government has the right to declare a state of emergency as an exceptional measure, to investigate crimes - including murder and bodily harm - committed during the attempted coup, and to hold those responsible to account, it should do so within the framework of its legal human rights obligations, including the absolute prohibition against torture and ill-treatment. Based on interviews with more than 40 lawyers, human rights activists, former detainees, medical personnel and forensic specialists, A Blank Check documents how the weakening of safeguards against abuse has negatively affected police detention conditions. It details 13 cases of alleged abuse in police detention since the coup attempt, including the use of stress positions, sleep deprivation, severe beatings, sexual abuse and rape threats. Human Rights Watch calls on the Turkish authorities to immediately restore safeguards against abuse in detention by rescinding relevant provisions of the emergency decrees, to ensure adequate and independent medical examinations of all detainees, and promptly and impartially to investigate all allegations of torture and ill-treatment. Details: New York: HRW, 2016. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 28, 2016 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/turkey1016_web.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Turkey Keywords: Detention Shelf Number: 140258 |
Author: Reitano, Tuesday Title: Breathing Space: The impact of the EU-Turkey deal on irregular migration Summary: The €6billion agreement reached between the European Union (EU) and Turkey on migration achieved a dramatic drop in the number of crossings and stopped a fast-growing criminal industry in its tracks. But smugglers interviewed for this paper are watching closely for signs of a change of tack, and not without reason. The Erdogan administration has been progressively at odds with the EU as it finds itself hemmed in by growing internal dissent, multiple terror threats and a failing economy. The breathing space provided by the arrangement is running out and the EU does not seem to have a credible alternative in the event of a collapse. Details: Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2016. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: ISS Paper 297: Accessed December 5, 2016 at: http://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/gi-iss-breathing-space-nov-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Turkey Keywords: Illegal Immigrants Shelf Number: 147884 |
Author: Marks, Monica Title: ISIS and Nusra in Turkey: Jihadist recruitment and Ankara's response Summary: Turkey's commitment to combating the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has come under scrutiny since the group’s rise in early 2014. Critics, including senior members of the United States and European Union administrations, have alleged Ankara adopted an open door policy to jihadists, making the country a "jihadist highway" through which foreign fighters flowed easily into and out of Iraq and Syria.1 In 2015 the US and EU acknowledged improvement in Turkish cooperation against ISIS.2 Yet both actors continue to doubt if Ankara’s will to fight ISIS matches its determination to subdue the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) or its commitment to constitutionally enshrine the presidential system sought by president Recep Tayyip Erdogan.In the midst of these conversations, comparatively few studies have examined jihadist recruitment within Turkey – the push and pull factors spurring Turkish citizens to join jihadist extremist groups in Iraq and Syria or Ankara's attempts to dissuade them. These are critical issues: Turkish citizens claiming ISIS membership perpetrated three of the five major attacks linked to ISIS in Turkey, killing nearly 150 and injuring approximately 650 persons since 2015.3 Turkish citizens may have provided logistical aid to Russian, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz ISIS members who perpetrated the June 28, 2016 attack at Istanbul’s Ataturk airport, which killed another forty-five and injured over 230 persons. Beyond local sleeper cells potentially supporting Turkish and foreign jihadists, veterans of jihad are likely to be more lethal operatives.4 This means Turkey may face increasingly dangerous blowback as ISIS positions are squeezed in Iraq and Syria and Turkish fighters return home. This report highlights core contours of jihadist recruitment in Turkey and unpacks key push-pull factors that motivate individuals to fight with jihadist groups in Iraq and Syria. It concludes by offering insight into how Turkey's government is framing the problem. The report draws on leading research about Turkish fighter recruitment, first-hand examination of Turkish language jihadist propaganda from relevant groups, and face-to-face conversations with representatives of the Turkish government. Details: London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 10, 2017 at: http://www.strategicdialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ISDJ4677_Turkey_R1_WEB.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Turkey Keywords: Extremist Groups Shelf Number: 144449 |
Author: Cengiz, Mahmut Title: Amped in Ankara: Drug trade and drug policy in Turkey from the 1950s through today Summary: KEY FINDINGS Drug trafficking in Turkey is extensive and has persisted for decades. A variety of drugs, including heroin, cocaine, synthetic cannabis (bonsai), methamphetamine, and captagon (a type of amphetamine), are seized in considerable amounts there each year. Turkey is mostly a trans-shipment and destination country. Domestic drug production is limited to cannabis, which is produced mainly for domestic consumption, and small amounts of captagon. An effective poppy cultivation licensing scheme in the 1970s ended illegal poppy cultivation and the diversion of opiates into the illegal trade. Since the 1970s, Turkish drug trafficking groups have grown in terms of their power, global reach, and market control. They are also among Europe's most powerful organized crime groups when it comes to heroin trafficking. Moreover, other international drug trafficking groups also operate in Turkey. The civil wars in Iraq and Syria have reshaped drug smuggling routes in the Middle East. Syrian drug traffickers now play a significant role in Turkey's illegal drug trade. The illegal drug trade in Turkey is a complex and multidimensional issue that poses public safety, national security, and public health threats and risks. The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) is strongly involved in drug trafficking and closely connected to terrorism in the region. Meanwhile, Turkish drug trafficking groups have also become involved in human smuggling, cigarette smuggling, and antiquities trafficking. Turkey's drug policy under-emphasizes treatment, prevention, and harm reduction approaches, while overemphasizing drug seizures. Tens of thousands of people have been charged with drug trafficking for possession and sale of cannabis. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS To improve its drug policies, Turkey should take a more balanced, evidence-based, comprehensive, and integrated approach. It should focus on and expand resources for reducing both demand and harm. Turkey should strengthen the capacity and independence of law enforcement and the judiciary through better laws, investigative procedures, and bolstered capacities. The government should improve anti-money laundering and anti-corruption capacities, regional counter-narcotics cooperation, border security, and the vetting of migrants and refugees in Turkey for connections to terrorism and organized crime. Details: Washington, DC: Drug Policy at Brookings, 2017. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2017 at: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fp_201704_turkey_drug_policy.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Turkey Keywords: Drug Policy Shelf Number: 144986 |
Author: Gulesci, Selim Title: Forced Migration and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence: Evidence from Turkey Summary: I explore the long-term effects of internal displacement caused by the Kurdish-Turkish conflict on women's attitudes towards domestic violence. Using the Turkish Demographic and Health Survey, I show that forced migrants are more likely to view domestic violence as acceptable. As suggestive evidence, I use data from applicants to a women's shelter and show that forced migrant women endure violence for longer and of greater intensity before deciding to seek assistance. I discuss possible mechanisms through which forced migration may affect migrants' attitudes towards domestic violence. Details: Helsinki: United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2017. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: WIDER Working Paper 2017/110: Accessed May 24, 2017 at: https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2017-110.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Turkey Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 145751 |
Author: Great Britain. House of Commons. Defence Committee Title: wvYVTSWSVBbiqSLX Summary: 3iDbiD http://www.FyLitCl7Pf7ojQdDUOLQOuaxTXbj5iNG.com Details: 3iDbiD http://www.FyLitCl7Pf7ojQdDUOLQOuaxTXbj5iNG.com Source: 3iDbiD http://www.FyLitCl7Pf7ojQdDUOLQOuaxTXbj5iNG.com Year: 1985 Country: Turkey Keywords: 3iDbiD http://www.FyLitCl7Pf7ojQdDUOLQOuaxTXbj5iNG Shelf Number: 0 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: In Custody: Police Torture and Abductions in Turkey Summary: Since the July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, over 150,000 individuals have passed through police custody detained for crimes punishable under Turkey's Anti-Terror Law. Courts subsequently remanded over 50,000 of them to prison. Despite the government's avowed zero tolerance for torture, there have been widespread reports of torture and ill-treatment in police custody, with those detained for alleged links to terrorist organizations most at risk. There has also been a spate of reported cases of men being abducted, some of whom were held in secret detention places, with the evidence pointing to the involvement of state authorities. In Custody: Police Torture and Abductions in Turkey details eleven cases of torture in police custody, involving scores of victims, and five cases of abductions that could amount to enforced disappearances. Since most victims of torture remain in pretrial detention and therefore not accessible for interview, the report relies on interviews with lawyers, victims' families, written complaints, and an examination of victims' statements to prosecutors and court records. The report paints a disturbing picture of the dramatic rise in coercive interrogation in police custody and unlawful detention practices. The main groups targeted appear to be individuals detained for alleged association with two groups - the group the Turkish courts have labelled the Fethullahist Terrorist Organization (FET), which the government holds responsible for the attempted coup, and those detained for alleged links with the armed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK/KCK). The report calls on the Turkish government to uphold the prohibition on torture and enforced disappearances and carry out prompt and effective investigations into allegations of torture, abduction and unlawful detention by state agents. Turkey's international partners, including the European Union and its member states, should press Turkish authorities to take urgent steps to curb torture in police custody and unlawful detentions, and ensure those responsible are held to account. Details: New York: HRW, 2017. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2017 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/turkey1017_web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Turkey Keywords: Disappearances Shelf Number: 147678 |
Author: Demirhan, Cihan Title: Managing Effective Collaboration among Law Enforcement, Intelligence Services, and Military Forces in Fight against Terrorism and Organized Crime Summary: The fight against terrorism and organized crime require strong collaboration between public security organizations. Public security networks include several agencies that are not bound to each other with strong hierarchical ties. Because of a lack of the strong hierarchical structure, managing public networks is not similar to managing a single government agency. This study aims to examine the factors influencing network effectiveness in the public security sector. The main research questions of the study are: Which factors are important for effectiveness in public security networks? What is the role of inter-organizational trust among partner agencies? Which kind of leadership style will achieve the highest performance in public security networks? What is the relative importance of goal convergence and organizational culture in network effectiveness? How does the relationship between inter-organizational trust, leadership style, goal convergence and organizational culture impact network effectiveness? In order to find these relations, a self-reported survey was sent to 2,095 current and previous Turkish public security network managers. The study found that inter-organizational trust and goal convergence have a positive relationship with network effectiveness. Although facilitator leadership is found to be the most common leadership style in Turkish public security networks, it is found as inappropriate to achieve higher network effectiveness. According to the results, the co-producer network leadership is the most convenient leadership style in terms of network effectiveness. While the results of the descriptive statistics confirm that six specific features of organizational culture in public security sector have negative influence on network effectiveness, the hypothesis testing with the covariance structure model only support the negative impact of competition among partner organization. This study contributes to the literature on network effectiveness with particular proposals for the public security managers and practitioners. Details: Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida, 2014. 260p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 7, 2018 at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5813&context=etd Year: 2014 Country: Turkey Keywords: Collaboration Shelf Number: 153355 |
Author: Human Rights Watch Title: Lawyers on Trial: Abusive Prosecutions and Erosion of Fair Trial Rights in Turkey Summary: In a period of mass arrests and politically motivated trials of journalists, rights defenders, and opposition politicians on terrorism charges, lawyers in Turkey have a critical role to play in protecting the rights of suspects in police custody and defendants in court. Lawyers on Trial: Abusive Prosecutions and Erosion of Fair Trial Rights in Turkey examines how since the July 2016 failed military coup, police and prosecutors have targeted lawyers with criminal investigation and arbitrary detention, associating them with the alleged crimes of their clients, charging them after they have exposed rights abuses, and readily accusing them with little or no evidence of membership of terrorist organizations. Targeting of lawyers has occurred at a time when the Turkish authorities have widened the definition of terrorism and imposed rigorous restrictions on the right of suspects accused of terrorist crimes to benefit from legal counsel and to prepare for defending themselves in court. Concluding that the unwarranted and abusive prosecution of lawyers has undermined a key guarantor of the right to a fair trial in Turkey, the report urges the Turkish authorities to protect the role and function of lawyers and uphold the right of suspects to benefit from legal counsel. Details: New York: Author, 2019. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2019 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/turkey0419_web.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Turkey Keywords: Criminal Trials Shelf Number: 155424 |