Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 20, 2024 Sat
Time: 9:04 am
Time: 9:04 am
Results for cpted
17 results foundAuthor: Dennis, Stephen Title: Evaluation and Crime Prevention: An Investigation of Evaluation and Monitoring of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Initiatives in New Zealand Summary: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) has become an increasingly popular tool for local authorities to adopt in their effort to reduce and prevent crime. Scholars have drawn attention to the shortcomings of crime prevention approaches including the proliferation of negative side-effects, its adoption for political reasons, and its role in causing social exclusion, all of which undermine the credibility of such approaches. However, the effectiveness of CPTED is rarely questioned by practitioners who commonly consider that it is guaranteed to produce positive results. As such, the practice of evaluation is largely a forgotten process whereby its value to a more informed, ethical, and effective delivery of CPTED remains untapped. The purpose of this research was to investigate the evaluation and monitoring process of CPTED projects and initiatives by local authorities in New Zealand. This was achieved by adopting an interpretive-qualitative research approach in order to gain the views and opinions of those experienced with the use of CPTED. The findings of the research suggest that issues which undermine the effectiveness of CPTED exist in the New Zealand context including examples of negative side effects and the common perception among practitioners that results will always produce positive results. Unsurprisingly, the research found that evaluation remains a neglected element of CPTED delivery in New Zealand, however, practitioners illustrated that they were aware of the benefits that evaluation can provide. Importantly, the findings suggest that there is a growing interest in undertaking evaluation among New Zealand practitioners however a number of barriers and limitations restrict opportunities to do so. These barriers included reliability and availability of crime statistics, lack of knowledge, loss of knowledge, fear of failure, limited resources, and the importance of service delivery. This research has identified several ways in which CPTED evaluation can be facilitated and encouraged throughout New Zealand. This includes providing training for evaluation and including evaluation as a prerequisite of funding provision. Additionally, evaluation can be encouraged through the promotion of methods and measures which are sympathetic to the realities and restrictions that practitioners face in their daily routines. Finally, greater central guidance is required which could be facilitated through the establishment of a professional CPTED body and a centre for information providing access to research findings and information allowing practitioners to learn from past, and each other’s, experiences. Through these means a better indication of CPTEDs effectiveness can be gained. By facilitating the adoption of CPTED evaluation practitioners can work towards a more informed, effective, ethical, and sustainable delivery of CPTED throughout New Zealand. Details: Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago, 2012. 158p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 18, 2014 at: http://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/3971/DennisStephen2013MPlan.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand URL: http://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/3971/DennisStephen2013MPlan.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 134140 Keywords: Built EnvironmentCPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeSecured by Design |
Author: Monchuk, Leanne Title: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): Investigating Its Application and Delivery in England and Wales Summary: This thesis has two aims. First, it examines how the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) are practically applied by a representative sample of 28 Architectural Liaison Officers (ALOs) across England and Wales. Second, it investigates how CPTED is delivered across Greater Manchester by Greater Manchester Police Design for Security Consultancy (DFSC). The research demonstrates that when presented with a set of residential plans ALOs are, to varying extents, able to identify locations which time shows have higher levels of crime and disorder. Whilst there is a skill exhibited by ALOs, there is a wide range of performance with some ALOs tending to overstate the risks posed. The skill therefore requires finessing to ensure that ALO input is maximally useful. It is argued that those responsible for the application of CPTED should be afforded more training and resources to allow them to develop this skill. Research underpinning ALO advice also needs to be developed. The way in which CPTED is delivered across Greater Manchester is atypical when compared to other forces across England and Wales. CPTED in Manchester is applied by former built environment professionals and a fee is charged for the production of a Crime Impact Statement (CIS). The aim of the CIS is to ensure that CPTED is considered early in the design and planning process. The thesis reports on how the CIS process was delivered during a period of austerity and examines how DFSC liaise with key stakeholders in compiling the CIS. The associated police recorded crime data for four residential CIS developments is reviewed as a means of measuring the extent to which the developments experienced crime and disorder compared to the immediate surrounding area. During the period of analysis no burglary offences were recorded. Analysis reveals that the involvement of DFSC is dependent upon a client being aware of the policy requirement for a CIS to accompany major planning applications. Some clients request a CIS late in the design and planning process, which limits the time DFSC can appraise the scheme and provide a consultative service. The content and structure of the CIS' varies depending upon when and by whom the CIS is written. Whilst CPTED is an important consideration for LPAs across Manchester, it is only one consideration, amongst others, for planning officers. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2016. 343p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 28, 2016 at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/27933/ Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/27933/ Shelf Number: 139512 Keywords: Built EnvironmentCPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeSecured by Design |
Author: Walmsley, Edward J.L. Title: Situational crime prevention: the public's engagement with, support for, and their opinions on the effectiveness of SCP techniques and measures within a residential setting Summary: There was little previous literature assessing public opinions of specific crime prevention strategies. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the public engage with situational crime prevention (SCP) techniques and measures, whether they support it, and whether or not they believe it to be effective. These main three opinions were then tested against four factors: area of residence; socio-demographic features; victimisation; and fear of crime. The study used a quantitative methodology and collected survey data from 196 participants from two separate locations of opposing crime rates within Kirklees, West Yorkshire. The study found that in general the sample strongly engaged with, supported, and felt SCP techniques and measures within their area of residence to be effective, although the latter measure was unconvincing. A key finding was that all three factors had positive correlations indicating that engagement can increase support and opinions on effectiveness and vice versa. Evidence was found to show that the four factors effected opinions on the effectiveness of SCP, however, no conclusive evidence was found to show that area of residence, socio-demographic features, victimisation, and fear of crime significantly affect engagement and support of SCP. Further results did indicate though, that the public were in favour of a number of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design features, especially improved community cohesion. As a result of the findings, the study suggests a number of policy implications, such as increased community cohesion and educating the public on the positive effects and success of SCP implementation. As well as this, future research should concentrate on exploring fear of crime: in particular do security measures increase it and if so can preventative initiatives such as Designing out Crime and Secured by Design be effective in reducing it Details: Huddersfield, University of Huddersfield, 2014. 133p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed June 29, 2016 at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/23528/1/ewalmsleyfinalthesis.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/23528/1/ewalmsleyfinalthesis.pdf Shelf Number: 139537 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimePublic OpinionSecured by DesignSituational Crime Prevention |
Author: Deniz, Deniz Title: Secure Urban Environments by Design: Analysis of Konak Square Design through "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)" Principles Summary: Better design can play a crucial role for reducing crime and creating secure urban environments. In this regard, planners and designers have begun to acknowledge the importance of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). However, unlike foreign countries, crime prevention through planning and design context has not been considered and integrated with the planning and design studies in Turkey. This study is aimed to fill this vital gap. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between crime (as well as fear of crime) and the spatial built environment. To do that, as one of the recently redesigned public space of zmir, Konak Square Design has been analysed through CPTED principles. In that case, a comparison of recent design of Konak Square and CPTED principles are carried out. Then, if design features of the square complies with CPTED principles or not, found out. Finally, additional recommendations are made that have not been covered by existing CPTED principles to improve security considerations of public places. For this purpose, interviews have been conducted with the zmir Police Department and also the official crime records of the area have been obtained from them. Besides using cross-correlation technique, systematic observations and questionnaires have been used as research methods of this study. Consequently, this particular study did find support for the causal relationships between the occurrence of crime or feelings of insecurity and characteristics of the spatial built environments. Therefore, the study has emphasized that, planning and design issues should be considered carefully in order to create safer and livable public spaces Details: Izmir: Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007. 198p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000615.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Turkey URL: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000615.pdf Shelf Number: 139506 Keywords: Built EnvironmentCPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeUrban Areas and Crime |
Author: Erdogan, Aygun Title: Exploring Crime in a Spatial and Temporal Context: Suitable Response Strategies for Urban Planning and Policing by the Case of Etlik Police Station Zone Summary: This study explores incidents in a spatial and temporal context to achieve suitable strategies for urban planning and policing in crime prevention/reduction. For this purpose, " space " and " time " related incidents are analyzed through " new crime ecology " theories within the designed "loose-coupled" GIS-based system at "mezo"-"micro" ecological levels in a case area within Ankara Metropolis, in 2000. Its main argument is that incidents display differences in the spatial and/or temporal distribution among planned , squatter , and in-transition settlements. In exploring distribution of incidents at global and local scales , it also searches the validity and critical adaptability of the new theories developed/practiced in North American and European countries. In line with new theories , incidents at global scale displayed clustering in space and time. Generally, incidents in aggregate, concentrated mostly in planned ; less in in-transition ; least in squatter areas; and particularly during spring-summer months. However, inc idents against people and against property predominated respectively in squatter and planned areas, and between 18:00-00:00, and 00:00-08:00. As for local scale , incidents in aggregate, displayed spatial interaction ( clustering ), but no space-time interaction . Spatial distribution in time suggested that incidents persistently occur mainly in planned areas. Incidents against property displayed highest level of spatial , and also temporal clustering at global scale ; and particularly spatial clustering (particularly for commercial burglaries/thefts) and space-time clustering (for residential burglaries) at local scale. Complementarily, relatively homogenous global scale spatial distribution of incidents against people is accompanied by their non local scale spatial clustering or space-time clustering , whereby space-time dispersion was observed for simple batteries. Details: Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University, 2007. 321p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608961/index.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Turkey URL: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608961/index.pdf Shelf Number: 139607 Keywords: Community PolicingCPTEDCrime PreventionPlace-Based PolicingSpatial Analysis of CrimeUrban Crime |
Author: Clancey, Garner Title: Implications of a Local Case Study for Crime Prevention Practice and Policy, and Criminology’s ‘Grand Narratives’ Summary: There has been a growing focus on crime prevention in the criminological literature in recent decades. Despite this growing interest, much remains unknown. This is true at both the practical, applied level and the conceptual, theoretical level. This thesis extends our understanding of crime prevention on both levels. This thesis comprehensively describes diverse methods of crime prevention operating in the Glebe postcode area (Sydney, Australia). This case study of the Glebe postcode area was developed to provide a looking glass into crime prevention practices. By having a narrow geographical focus for the research, it was possible to develop a deep understanding of the intricate networks and activities that directly and indirectly contribute to the prevention of crime in the area. Rarely has such close attention been paid to these dimensions of, and conditions and contexts for, crime prevention in Australia. Description and analysis of wider policies and programs provide important context for this case study. Trends in local forms of crime prevention and state-wide (that is, New South Wales) developments place the case study in a historical and policy context. Analysis of these wider trends and forces reveals the similarities of the findings from the Glebe case study with these longer-term trends. A number of findings emerged from this Glebe case study relevant to crime prevention policy and practice. Significantly, a plethora of activities and programs was identified that seek to prevent crime or contribute to the prevention of crime. By adopting a place-based analysis, it was possible to observe the layers of prevention operating in the area that other forms or scope of analysis risk missing. The limited previous capture of these crime prevention activities raises questions about what is known about prevention, the efficacy of a crime prevention evidence base, and subsequent theorising. One reason that these activities might not be generally visible is the absence of evaluation. There was little evidence of rigorous evaluation of the diverse initiatives and programs operating in the area. This might be explained by the generally low commitment to evaluation in Australia (English et al 2002; Homel 2007) and by the nature of some of the crime prevention initiatives. Many of the crime prevention measures adopted are the responsibility of individual home owners, car manufacturers, businesses and institutions. Evaluation, in the traditional social science sense, is not likely to be a priority for these individuals and entities. Moreover, many of the programs were embedded in human service systems. Isolating the impact of particular programs becomes difficult in this context (Hope 2005a). Calls for increased investment in evaluation, and especially approaches that are sensitive to ‘collective impacts’ (Kania & Kramer 2011, 2013), are supported by this research. The observation that many of the local crime prevention activities are guided by, and aspire to, socially inclusive outcomes is significant. Rather than being exclusionary and constituting an extension of the ‘net of social control’(Cohen 1985), much crime prevention activity is animated by social-welfare traditions. For a small number of Glebe residents, the ‘surveillance society’ (Lyon 2007) is a daily reality, with frequent bail checks, reporting regimes to criminal justice agencies and intrusions by state housing representatives. However, for the vast majority, crime prevention is a partial or the primary reason why day care, parenting support programs, alternative education classes, mentoring schemes, exercise programs and breakfast clubs exist. People are more likely to experience the caring face of crime prevention, rather than an impersonal ‘surveillant assemblage’ (Haggerty & Ericson 2000). Analysis of crime data for the Glebe area over an 18-year period (1995–2012) revealed a dramatic decline in key volume (property) offences in the area from the late 1990s, and especially since 2007–08. This decline, generally consistent with trends in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia (Weatherburn & Holmes 2013a, 2013b) and other jurisdictions (Zimring 2007; Farrell et al 2011; van Dijk et al 2012), provided a critical backdrop to the fieldwork. While difficult to prove, especially given the limited evaluation of local programs, it is highly likely that, based on research from elsewhere (see Skogan 2006;Farrell et al 2008; van Dijk et al 2012; Farrell 2013), these crime prevention measures have at least contributed to such declines at the local level. Irrespective of whether a causal link can be established between particular initiatives and falls in crime, there was evidence that this local crime decline in Glebe has had direct impact on responses to crime. Some inter-agency crime prevention structures have been dismantled in recent years and it was decided by local actors during the research period that a new or revised local crime prevention plan was not necessary due to the significant falls in some crime categories. These developments generally appear contrary to some previous suggestions of the expansionary tendencies of crime prevention actors (Gilling 1997). Local actors also mentioned their fears of experiencing the ‘prevention paradox’ — program funding being withdrawn as a consequence of falling crime. In this way, crime rates and crime prevention activities seemingly share a loose but important relationship. The sharp and sustained decline in many crime types in the last 10 to 12 years and the findings emerging from this research suggest the need for the rethinking and reworking of some previous criminological propositions. In particular, this research cautions against easy adoption of the ‘grand narratives’ that suggest we are being ‘governed through crime’/‘fear of crime’/‘uncertainty’/‘antisocial behaviour’ (Simon 2007; Lee 2007; Ericson 2007; Crawford 2009a) in the ‘pursuit of security’ (Zedner 2009). The quiet dismantling of some crime prevention structures, the reduced focus on crime in inter-agency meetings, the anecdotal suggestion that people are less fearful following falls in crime, and the decision not to develop a new local crime prevention plan, all revealed by the Glebe case study, point to (admittedly early and partial) signs that crime is not the organising principle that it once was. The public housing ‘crisis’, child protection reforms, mental health initiatives, and new funding models for human services, amongst other issues, attracted considerably greater attention than crime during this research. Claims about being ‘governed through crime’/‘fear of crime’/‘uncertainty’/‘antisocial behaviour’ (Simon 2007; Lee 2007; Ericson 2007; Crawford 2009a) and the role assumed by crime prevention in these governance processes look increasingly unstable during a time when other policy domains have taken centre stage and crime has fallen. Such developments should be a cause for optimism, if not celebration, and a salve for the dire predictions and commentaries commonly found in ‘criminologies of catastrophe’ (O’Malley 2000). Details: Sydney: University of Sydney, 2014. 397p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/12015?mode=full Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/12015?mode=full Shelf Number: 139608 Keywords: CPTEDCrime Prevention |
Author: di Bella, Enrico Title: A multivariate analysis of the space syntax output for the definition of strata in street security surveys Summary: Although the connection between crime and urban layout is generally evident, surveys inquiring that relationship are often facing two different problems: areas with high criminality are often inhabited by partially elusive populations (being stowaways) and the urban structure (e.g. length and width of streets) quickly changes even after a few corners. In this work a combination of two techniques well known in their specific field is proposed to define a simple two-stages sampling design. Space Syntax is a set of measurements which are done on the topographic maps of a town with the division of all the roads into segments, called axes. Using multivariate techniques, these axes can be classified on the basis of a homogeneity criterion obtaining the strata for a two-stages sampling design. Details: Genova, Italy: Università degli Studi di Genova , 2013. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: DEP Series of Economic Working Papers no. 5: Accessed October 14, 2016 at: http://www.dep.unige.it/RePEc/gea/wpaper/dwpo-5-sep2011.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.dep.unige.it/RePEc/gea/wpaper/dwpo-5-sep2011.pdf Shelf Number: 144801 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeStreet LayoutsUrban AreasUrban Crime |
Author: di Bella, Enrico Title: Introducing Spatial Configuration in Crime Count Models Summary: The main techniques used for quantitative analyses of urban crime can generally be divided into three categories: descriptive studies of crime dispersion over a specific urban area without any substantial statistical modeling, traditional statistical spatial models whose normality assumptions do not hold and count models which do not take into account the spatial configuration of the urban layouts. In this work we discuss how configurational components can be introduced in the count data modeling of crime illustrating our point with a case study centered on a highly populated area of the City of Genoa on three crime typologies. The statistical modeling of crime at street level is performed using count models which include the usual economic and socio-demographic variables, complemented with a set of configurational variables, built using the techniques of Space Syntax Analysis, in order to include, among the regressors, the graph complexity of the urban structure. The configurational variables included in this model are statistically significant, consistently with the criminological theories stating that the urban layout has a role in crime dispersion over a city and their use among the set of regressors, substantially improves the overall goodness of fit of the models. The configurational variables herein introduced add an implicit spatial correlation structure of crime to the models and give new and useful information to Municipalities to interpret how crime patterns relate to the urban layout and how to intervene through the means of urban planning to reduce or prevent crime. Details: Genoa: Università degli Studi di Genova, 2013. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: DEP Working Papers Series no.2 : Accessed October 14, 2016 at: http://www.dep.unige.it/RePEc/gea/wpaper/dwpo-2-jun2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Italy URL: http://www.dep.unige.it/RePEc/gea/wpaper/dwpo-2-jun2013.pdf Shelf Number: 144800 Keywords: CPTEDCrime AnalysisCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeSpatial AnalysisUrban Areas |
Author: Prairie Sky Consulting Title: North Central Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Final Report Summary: The North Central Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) project is a partnership with the City of Regina, the North Central Community Society, the Public School Board, Regina Police Service, and North Central residents. The project funding is provided by the City, with volunteer services and in-kind services from the partners, and overseen by a steering committee. Prairie Sky Consulting coordinated the safety audits with volunteers, entered and analyzed the data, and compiled this report. CPTED - pronounced sep-ted - is a tool that deals with the design, planning and structure of cities and neighbourhoods. CPTED brings together local residents to examine how an area's physical features, such as lighting, trees and roadways, can influence crime and the opportunities for committing crime. It has been successfully applied in a number of Canadian cities and contexts. North Central, located northwest of the city's downtown, is home to 6% of Regina's population. Overall, the population tends to be younger than the rest of Regina. It is ethnically diverse, with 35% aboriginal. The housing consists of older homes, most built in the first half of the 20th century. Property values are the lowest in the city. About half the residents are renters. Although the area is sometimes singled for crime and social problems, some residents feel it is unfairly stigmatized. Many speak with pride about the neighbourhood they call home. The project collected data in two ways. Safety audits, designed much like surveys, provided quantitative data for streets, parks and alleys. These were completed by about 40 residents - a thorough mix by age, gender and ethnicity - who volunteered for the CPTED process. Additional data was included from focus group discussions with the auditors, data on service calls to the City, and Regina Police Service statistics on "hot spots" in the area. The audits are a snapshot of people's impressions, at a specific date and time, of a certain street, alley or park. What they see and record can vary between auditors and may differ from the experiences of residents who live on a street or next to a particular park. Details: Calgary: Prairie Sky Consulting, 2004. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2016 at: http://www.regina.ca/opencms/export/sites/regina.ca/residents/social-grants-programs/.media/pdf/north_central_cpted_project_report.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Canada URL: http://www.regina.ca/opencms/export/sites/regina.ca/residents/social-grants-programs/.media/pdf/north_central_cpted_project_report.pdf Shelf Number: 140761 Keywords: CPTEDCrime HotspotsCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeHigh Crime AreasNeighborhoods and Crime |
Author: Butler, Chris Title: Maraenui Shopping Centre: CPTED Assessment Summary: Harrison Grierson have been commissioned by Napier City Council to undertake a Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) assessment of the Maraenui Shopping Centre. The CPTED assessment provides recommendations that aim to improve actual and perceived safety around the shopping centre, and have been developed to help inform a future urban design framework for Maraenui. Napier City Council has commissioned this CPTED assessment as part of its contribution to the Maraenui Urban Renewal Plan. The shopping centre and its surrounds currently exhibit a number of qualities that help cultivate unsafe environments, including: poor lighting; inactive building edges; low levels of definition between public and private space; limited surveillance across the car park; and, the ready supply of alcohol. As a result of these findings detailed CPTED recommendations were developed to provide retailers and the Council with some 'quick wins' - ways shop owners and Napier City Council can make a small yet immediate difference, that can cumulatively improve the quality and safety of the public realm. Secondly, a set of Strategic CPTED recommendations have been included that provide an opportunity to integrate community safety and well being within an overarching urban design framework. Through consultation, and our review of background information pertaining to Maraenui, it became clear that the community is anxious to see progress and to witness Council actively funding improvements of the shopping centre and park. Council funded upgrades of the park and shops have been piece meal over the past few years. This has lead to a feeling of neglect and alienation by some residents. It was apparent during site visits and analysis of the area that there are a number of positive aspects to the Maraenui Shopping Centre. The centre has good bones, in other words all of the elements of a successful local centre are present; the layout of the houses around it enables passive surveillance over the area, public transport and public facilities, playground, skatebowl, etc. Furthermore, there is a strong feeling of community presence in the area and it is evident the community has a vested interest in it; it is immediately noticed by locals if outsiders come into the area, as experienced by Harrison Grierson during site visits. Once you are known, you are warmly welcomed. These and the other elements that make up Maraenui, such as the number of people that walk and cycle rather than drive, are desirable qualities for a strong community. However, in contrast, it is documented that improvements to the area have not been looked after or cared for. Statistics indicate the most prevalent crime type is wilful damage, followed by shoplifting. Traditional CPTED criteria only work when mutual interests already exist. In some neighbourhoods, these mechanisms need incentives before CPTED design criteria can become effective. We believe that significant investment tied to an urban design-led concept plan for the area is required. However, this would be subject to the involvement of local people in the planning of activity space as both a condition of, and a contribution to, this process of community building. The community must be actively involved and willing to take responsibility and ownership of any improvements. Details: Napier, NZ: Napier City Council, 2011. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://www.napier.govt.nz/assets/Documents/maraenui-cpted-assessment.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.napier.govt.nz/assets/Documents/maraenui-cpted-assessment.pdf Shelf Number: 144870 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionDesign against CrimeShopping Centers |
Author: Dario, Lisa M. Title: Crime at Convenience Stores: Assessing an In-Depth Problem-Oriented Policing Initiative Summary: Problem-oriented policing (POP) dynamically addresses unique community issues in a way that allows police departments to be cost-effective and efficient. POP draws upon routine activities and rational choice theories, at times incorporating elements of crime prevention through environmental design. A recent systematic review found POP to be hugely popular, but not rigorously assessed or implemented. In 2009, the Glendale, Arizona Police Department and researchers from Arizona State University received funding through the Bureau of Justice Assistance's (BJA) Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) to target crime at convenience stores through a problem-oriented policing approach. The Glendale SPI team devised an approach that mirrored the ideals put forth by Goldstein (1990), and provided a thorough undertaking of the SARA model. A comprehensive response plan was developed with several proposed responses, including: intervention with Circle K leadership, suppression, and prevention at the six highest-activity stores. Despite a thorough POP implementation, the initial descriptive evaluation of the Glendale SPI reported positive effects on crime, but left questions about the intervention's long-term impact on convenience store crime in Glendale, Arizona. The policy and theoretical influence of the initiative warrants a more rigorous evaluation. Supplanting the original assessment, a difference in difference model, negative binomial regression, and relative effect size are calculated to ascertain the SPI's long-term effects on target and comparison stores. Phi and weighted displacement quotient are calculated to determine the existence of displacement of crime or diffusion of benefits. Overall, results indicate support for the project's effectiveness on crime reduction. Further, none of the six intervention stores experienced crime displacement. Five of the six stores, however, experienced a diffusion of benefits in the surrounding 500-yard area; that is, a crime reduction was observed at the intervention stores and in the surrounding areas of five of these stores. Disorder and property crimes at the targeted stores were most affected by the intervention. One of the intervention stores did experience an increase in violent crime, however. Future studies should strengthen the methodological design when evaluating POP projects and seek to flesh out more precisely the crime control effects of unique problem-oriented strategies. Details: Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University, 2016. 158p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 1, 2016 at: https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/170676/content/Dario_asu_0010E_16050.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/170676/content/Dario_asu_0010E_16050.pdf Shelf Number: 145774 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimeProblem-Oriented PolicingRetail TheftShoplifting |
Author: Cozens, Paul Title: The Relevance and Importance of Designing Out Crime to Design Schools and Design Companies in Australia Summary: The Office of Crime Prevention (OCP) of Western Australia (WA) has developed the State Community Safety and Crime Prevention Strategy: Preventing Crime (OCP, 2004). Within this overall crime prevention framework is located the State’s Designing Out Crime Strategy (OCP, 2007). A significant component of the State’s Designing Out Crime Strategy is to apply Designing Out Crime approaches to product design for crime reduction (see Goal 5 below). The State’s Designing Out Crime Strategy (OCP, 2007) provides a plan of action to achieve five goals; 1. To embed Designing Out Crime within local and state planning polices both make a commitment to reduce crime through the use of product design and technology; 2. To manage the built and landscaped environment to reduce crime; 3. To increase understanding of Designing Out Crime; 4. To apply Designing Out Crime in a multi-agency approach, and; 5. To use product design and technology to reduce crime. Specifically, the aim of Goal 5 is; To establish policy frameworks to ensure that product designers eliminate the ‘crime potential’ of their products to reduce opportunities for crime. The State’s Community Safety and Crime Prevention Strategy (OCP, 2004) and the Designing Out Crime Strategy (OCP, 2007) both make a commitment to reduce crime through the use of product design and technology. However, very little has been known prior to this research about the use of Designing Out Crime strategies in product design practice in industrial and commercial settings and in the education of product designers. 1.1 Objectives This research was an enquiry into ‘the state of play’ concerning the knowledge and use of product design in Australia to reduce crime via Designing Out Crime approaches. The objectives of the research were to: · evaluate current knowledge and awareness of Designing Out Crime ideas in the product design arena in Australian product design companies and design schools to establish background information on which future work could be based, and; · organise a national design competition in which participants designed products to reduce crime using Designing Out Crime principles to gain understanding of the cutting edge of Designing Out Crime activity, and to promote Designing Out Crime and the work of the WA Office of Crime Prevention in reducing crime via product design. 1.2 Research approach The research involved four stages: 1. A literature review involving the collection and analysis of published information about the status of Designing Out Crime policies, projects and programs in Australia and the UK. This provides a resource and basis for comparative assessment of DOC understanding and skills in Australia using the UK as a reference. 2. A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to design companies identified by their web presence, the Yellow Pages and the Design Institute of Australia. The survey was also distributed to University design schools across Australia. The questionnaire was used to investigate the level of awareness, practice and enthusiasm for DOC in Australia. 3. A brief analysis of products vulnerable to theft and vandalism. 4. A design competition (the Design Out Crime Awards’08) and website (www.docawards.org) were created to gather some examples of the current ‘state of play’ in DOC, to manage the entry process and to promote Designing Out Crime approaches across Australia. The research adds to the body of knowledge by investigating whether Designing Out Crime is known, understood, practiced and taught to any meaningful extent in Australia. The findings are significant because they provide the Office of Crime Prevention with an overview of the current state of play to guide crime prevention strategies, policy and practice and future research. They help target the best opportunities for funding research to reduce crime, for example, for reducing the opportunities for crime for specific products. Details: Perth: Government of Western Australia, Office of Crime Prevention, 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 10, 2016 at: http://designoutcrime.org/publications/DOC-Product%20DesignReport.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://designoutcrime.org/publications/DOC-Product%20DesignReport.pdf Shelf Number: 141095 Keywords: CPTEDCrime Prevention Design Against Crime |
Author: Levald, Andres Title: CPTED Manual for police officers Summary: The main purpose of the CPTED manual is to compose a practical CPTED handbook specifically for police officers who are taking part in the planning processes, and also for other officials who are responsible for ensuring a safe living environment. The main target group is police officers, and the aim is to write a handbook that helps police officers to understand the main principles of CPTED and which gives them practical knowledge of how to be involved in planning processes. For other officials and key stakeholders the manual will provide an insight of how and when police officers should be involved in planning processes and what expertise knowledge police officers can give when it comes to planning. Details: Tallinn, Estonia: Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet, 2016. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 14, 2016 at: http://eucpn.org/sites/default/files/content/download/files/cpted_manual_for_police_officers.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://eucpn.org/sites/default/files/content/download/files/cpted_manual_for_police_officers.pdf Shelf Number: 145390 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionDesign Against CrimePolice Education and Training |
Author: Davey, Caroline L. Title: Design Against Crime European Exchange Tool: Guidance for Designing Against Crime Across Europe Summary: This guidance - a key output of the European Commission's AGIS 2006 project led by the University of Salford - aims to help local authorities, planners, police, academics, design professionals and developers identify methods of addressing crime prevention through design and planning, tailoring the approach to the European context. Guidance on addressing fear of crime and insecurity is also provided. The guidance is divided into the following sections: - Design-led Crime Prevention Approaches - Advice for European countries - Further information and references Details: Salford, UK: University of Salford, Design Against Crime Solution Centre, 2008. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 14, 2016 at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/11481/1/DAC_European_Exchange_Tools.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Europe URL: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/11481/1/DAC_European_Exchange_Tools.pdf Shelf Number: 146644 Keywords: CPTEDCrime Prevention Design Against Crime |
Author: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Title: New Energy for Urban Security: Improving Urban Security Through Green Environmental Design Summary: The joint UNICRI-MIT Senseable City Lab Report is a manual for a green and digitally enhanced environmental design that addresses issues related to cities. It provides an index of strategies, which have a direct or indirect impact on a city's image making it appear as a safer and more secure environment. Each section of the report identifies a particular urban challenge that needs to be addressed through environmental design, providing a set of guidelines that are both green and digitally enhanced to provide solutions to these challenges, and concludes with a list of actual or potential projects that deploy, in part, the proposed guidelines, demonstrating their prospective effectiveness. The Report analyses the inter-dependencies that exist between ecology, green urban design and security of both the citizen and the urban environment in general. The analysis commences by setting out CPTED theory, which, although currently adopted by municipalities, is not geared toward taking into account advances in technology and the ecological and the environmental impacts on urban life. The Report proposes a third generation of CPTED, designed to take into account the rapid development resulting from new technologies and the digital age - all of which signal revolutionising how we approach urban safety and security. Third-generation CPTED, as presented in the Report, envisages a green and sustainable approach to enhance the living standards of urbanites, as well as to improve the image of cities as user-friendly, safe, and secure. It focuses on a particular sort of spatial democracy and transparency, characterized by the use of solid infrastructures and solutions, along with situated technologies. Moreover, building on the potential of online social networks, third-generation CPTED aims to create a sense of belonging and membership to a greater community by soliciting citizen engagement and participation in improving urban living conditions. The revision of existing CPTED theory, i.e. the third generation CPTED - as set out in the report - proposes that the physical make-up of a city is designed according to the following recommendations: Integrating a sufficient amount of public spaces into the fabric of the city to provide appropriate settings for collective activities and gatherings; Integrating sufficient green spaces of various scales, including street vegetation, vertical green facades, green roofs, public gardens, and neighbourhood and city-scale parks; Fostering new developments that target mixed and balanced communities in terms of income level, social status, ethnicity, demographics, and tenure; Supporting new developments and revitalization projects that aim to create new spaces, or re-structure existing neighbourhoods as mixed-use instead of single-use; Optimizing the urban removal chain in terms of sewage management and garbage collection, taking into account technologies and cultural practices regarding recycling and grey water treatment; Enhancing natural surveillance by providing sufficient street lighting at night, securing the required level of occupation and usage at all times; Ensuring that no place in the city is a terrain-vague, i.e. a place with no institutional supervision; Promoting revitalization and redevelopment projects that focus on grey or brown sites - sites previously accommodating hazardous industries, or sites that are devastated by natural disasters or violent conflicts, or sites that have been previously occupied and are currently vacant due to economic or socio-cultural reasons; Providing sufficient and effective public transportation infrastructure that not only contributes to the well-being of citizens, but also traffic reduction, which has a direct impact on the psychological well-being of citizens; Allocating sufficient financial resources to the regular maintenance of civic spaces, including streetscapes and urban facades; Allocating sufficient financial and human resources for providing public education, particularly for the young urban population; Providing efficient regulations for the construction sector in terms of monitoring the structural integrity, energy efficiency, and quality of building proposals; Providing financial support and the macro and microeconomic infrastructure to assist the low-income urban population in home-ownership. The Report concludes by exploring the potential application of the proposed programme to crime prevention and the enhancement of the perception of safety in urban areas, which is identified as the third-generation of CPTED. Details: Torin, Italy: UNICRI, 2011. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 5, 2017 at: http://www.unicri.it/news/files/2011-04-01_110414_CRA_Urban_Security_sm.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.unicri.it/news/files/2011-04-01_110414_CRA_Urban_Security_sm.pdf Shelf Number: 145325 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignDesign against CrimeNeighborhoods and CrimeUrban Areas |
Author: Ndwamato, Awelani Title: Housing Layout Design and Crime Reduction in RDP Developments: A Case Study of Chesterville, Durban in Kwazulu Natal Summary: It is argued that housing designs and layout systems for crime prevention can have either positive or negative implications on the actual prevention of crime. Therefore, this research explores the exact implications that housing designs and layout systems have in relation to crime in RDP development neighbourhoods. Various principles such as defensible space principles and crime prevention through environmental design are emphasized in this study: Surveillance, territoriality, access control, image and milieu. Other supporting characteristics like housing design principles including housing structures, support activities and gated communities are highly elaborated, as well as street layout. These analytical criteria were used to examine the Chesterville RDP developments. Procedurally, the evaluation entailed analysing both street layout and housing design and analysing the views and perceptions of people living in the area. The findings indicate that residents of Chesterville display high level of perception of safety although they do acknowledge that there is petty crime once in a while. The researcher asserts that overall housing design and layout systems for crime prevention have positive implications on crime reduction in residential areas. The study also investigated the type of criminal activities that occur in the area. The study analysed the types of criminal activities which were related to housing and layout in Chesterville RDP developments. Data was collected by conducting household surveys and an interview with the community leader. Local and international case studies that were used revealed interesting scenarios of the usage of environmental design to aid crime prevention. In the context of Chesterville the main findings showed that there is a sense safety in the area although assault was found to be high. The study thus proposed recommendations in an attempt to improve crime reduction in Chesterville as a whole. This dissertation is structured as follows: The chapter one introduces the research problem, research questions, hypothesis, and the research method used to conduct the study. Chapter two provides both the theoretical framework and the literature review for the topic being studied. International and national case studies are used to support the flow of the argument. Chapter three introduces the geographical and historical background of case studies in which the study was conducted. This historical background is linked to the topic of study to help to understand the phenomenon of crime prevention. Chapter four deals with the presentation and analysis of data collected and in chapter five conclusions are drawn from the findings and recommendations are made. Details: Durban, South Africa: University of Kwazulu Natal, 2013. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2017 at: http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/11244 Year: 2013 Country: South Africa URL: http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/11244 Shelf Number: 145747 Keywords: CPTEDCrime Prevention Design against Crime Environmental Crime Prevention Housing and Crime |
Author: Chalfin, Aaron Title: Reducing Crime Through Environmental Design: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment of Street Lighting in New York City Summary: This paper offers experimental evidence that crime can be successfully reduced by changing the situational environment that potential victims and offenders face. We focus on a ubiquitous but surprisingly understudied feature of the urban landscape - street lighting - and report the first experimental evidence on the effect of street lighting on crime. Through a unique public partnership in New York City, temporary streetlights were randomly allocated to public housing developments from March through August 2016. We find evidence that communities that were assigned more lighting experienced sizable reductions in crime. After accounting for potential spatial spillovers, we find that the provision of street lights led, at a minimum, to a 36 percent reduction in nighttime outdoor index crimes. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 25798: Accessed May 7, 2019 at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w25798.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w25798.pdf Shelf Number: 155674 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionSituational Crime PreventionStreet Lighting |