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Date: April 25, 2024 Thu
Time: 4:21 am
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Results for dogs
10 results foundAuthor: Parry-Jones, Rob Title: The Feasibilitiy of Using Canines to Detect Wildlife Contraband Summary: The use of detection dogs worldwide, cheifly for narcotics, bears testament to the recognised efficacy of canines in locating contraband items in trade. Despite the commitment of governments to prevent the illegal trade in wildlife, however, only a few detector dog programs currently exist around the world to detect wildlife in trade. These programs, located in the USA, South Africa, and Canada, have limited resources but, nonetheless, clearly illustrate that dogs can be used as an effective law enforcement tool to enhance the effectiveness of CITES and domestic wildlife trade controls. Details: Hong Kong: TRAFFIC East Asia, 1997. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2010 at: http://www.traffic.org/enforcement/ Year: 1997 Country: International URL: http://www.traffic.org/enforcement/ Shelf Number: 120591 Keywords: DogsIllegal Wildlife TradeSmugglingWildlife Crime |
Author: Hughes, Gordon Title: Research Project Report: Status Dogs, Young People and Criminalisation: Towards a Preventative Strategy Summary: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) has anecdotal and, to some degree, internal statistical evidence to suggest that in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in individuals owning and using dogs in harmful or criminal behaviour in the UK. In the financial year 2009-10 the Metropolitan Police Service (London) reported that they had seized and dealt with 1152 prohibited and dangerous dogs (RSPCA 2010a) an increase of 60% on the previous year. Between 2004 and 2008 the RSPCA saw a 12-fold increase (ibid) in calls reporting dog-fighting. Some 55% of the calls to the RSPCA in 2009 concerning 'dog fighting' referred to youths or 'hoodies' fighting their dogs in the street or park. These so-called 'status dogs' are of certain breeds/types - both legal and illegal - and often have the label of 'dangerous' referring, it would appear, both to other dogs and to humans. Anti-social behaviour with dogs is a widely reported issue that affects many people, mainly in urban areas, and is occasionally associated with 'gang' crime and more generally young people and their peer groups 'on the streets'. The RSPCA's core business is to prevent cruelty to animals and the organisation is the primary, albeit nongovernmental, enforcer of animal welfare legislation in England and Wales. The Society's Inspectorate have reported an increase in the numbers of these types of dogs; changes in the situations in and purpose for which they are being kept; and who the owners are. Animal centres have noticed a significant increase in status dog breeds which in itself has presented 'kennel blocking' and re-homing problems. Meanwhile animal hospitals and clinics have seen a worrying increase in the numbers of these dogs presented for fighting injuries which perhaps backs up the anecdotal evidence that ad hoc street dog fighting - referred to as 'rolling' = is indeed on the increase. Thus far the work of the RSPCA on the issue of status dogs has concentrated on mapping the Society's own experiences, developing a network of enforcers and influencing relevant policies with housing providers. In addition in March 2009 the Metropolitan Police set up a Status Dogs Unit to which the RSPCA ensured an officer worked alongside this Unit specifically on this issue. The Society is also running a re-homing campaign designed to educate the public on the suitability of some of these dogs as pets (RSPCA 2011). In addition ten 'hot spots' have been identified using RSPCA data and reviewed by adding in local authority and police data (such as strays and seizures) across England and Wales where special project groups are being set up across these three bodies to pilot locally designed responses to the use of status dogs in anti-social behaviour. This builds on work already developed in and around the London area and it is hoped by the RSPCA that such interventions can be better evaluated and different models tested. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Cardiff Centre for Crime, Law and Justice, Cardiff University; Horsham, UK: Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 2011. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 16, 2012 at: http://politicalanimal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Hughes-Maher-Lawson-Status-Dogs-report-2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://politicalanimal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Hughes-Maher-Lawson-Status-Dogs-report-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 126050 Keywords: Animal AbuseAnimal CrueltyDog FightingDogsYouth Gangs |
Author: Bathurst, Cynthia Title: The Problem of Dog-Related Incidents and Encounters Summary: Americans love dogs. There is roughly one dog for every four people in the United States, and they live in a variety of relationships with humans. Because dogs are such a part of American society, police routinely encounter them in the line of duty, not just when responding to calls about inhumane treatment or when dogs are seen to present a danger to people. Officers encounter dogs in the course of almost every kind of police interaction with the public, from making traffic stops and serving warrants, to interviewing suspects and witnesses, and even pursuing suspects. The Problem of Dog-Related Incidents and Encounters discusses tools, practices, and procedures that contribute to effective responses to dog-related incidents and encounters where dogs are present. Primary goals include ensuring public and officer safety and considering community needs and demands. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2011. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 5, 2012 at: http://cops.usdoj.gov/Publications/e051116358_Dog-Incidents-508.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://cops.usdoj.gov/Publications/e051116358_Dog-Incidents-508.pdf Shelf Number: 127129 Keywords: Dog-Related ViolenceDogsProblem-Oriented Policing (U.S.)Violence Encounters |
Author: Bloom, Robert M. Title: The Fourth Amendment Fetches Fido: New Approaches to Dog Sniffs Summary: Dogs' relationship to man as hunters, finders, protectors, and friends has existed for thousands of years. Today dogs serve very important law enforcement functions as sniffers in the investigation of crimes and other threats to society. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution is of comparatively more recent vintage and seeks to protect the individual's privacy from infringement by the government. This Article deals with the Fourth Amendment implications when the government infringement is a dog sniff. In the Supreme Court's latest decision on dogs Florida v. Jardines, Franky, a drug-detection dog, walked onto the porch of Mr. Jardines' home, sniffed around and alerted his handler that drugs were inside the house. From this alert, the police obtained a search warrant for the home where they discovered a marijuana growing operation. The issue before the Court was whether Franky's sojourn to the porch constituted a Fourth Amendment search requiring justification and a warrant. Justice Scalia wrote for the Court in Florida v. Jardines and utilized a property based analysis in his desire to keep "easy cases easy." He held that uninvited sniffs of the home from the porch implicated the Fourth Amendment. This so called easy approach left several questions unanswered. This Article attempts to examine some of these questions, including what would happen if the dog sniff had occurred on a public sidewalk or if the dog sniff was of a person in a public place. Additionally, this Article explores the rationale for classifying dog sniffs as sui generis, thereby not implicating the Fourth Amendment. It debunks this rationale and suggests a more effective way to deal with dog sniffs in the future. Details: Boston: Boston College Law School, 2013. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Legal STudies Research Paper Series; Research Paper 315: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2330969## Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2330969## Shelf Number: 132006 Keywords: Canine SearchesCriminal ProcedureDogsFourth Amendment |
Author: McClure, David Title: Developing an Evidence-Base for the Understanding and Prevention of Dog Fighting Crimes Summary: The Association of Prosecuting Attorneys (APA) is excited to share with you our next Prosecutor's Report: Developing an Evidence-Base for the Understanding and Prevention of Dog Fighting Crimes. APA has developed this series of publications to provide knowledge, insight and examples of innovative practices which are creating safer communities. Our goal is to provide prosecutors with the requisite skills to strengthen links between the criminal justice system and the community while promoting partnership building and encouraging problem-solving strategies. APA has published this most recent Prosecutor's Report in partnership with the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy at George Mason University in order to provide an extensive overview of dog fighting so that criminal justice practitioners may use this monograph to develop individual strategies to reduce this violent crime. This monograph includes the pertinent research, and considers the most promising avenues for successfully preventing, responding to and prosecuting dog fighting. Dog fighting may be used to facilitate other serious crimes and perpetrators of cruelty to animals are significantly more likely to commit violent crimes against humans. In many cases the perpetrators of this vicious crime are using animal brutality to send a signal to the community of the violence they are capable of perpetrating if their criminal actions are reported to the authorities. Many participants in dog fighting are members of criminal street gangs and criminal activity involving guns, drugs and gambling often occurs in and around fights. Understanding and preventing dog fighting can provide a valuable tool for prosecutors, investigators and our community partners. Details: Washington, DC: Association of Prosecuting Attorneys, 2011. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 10, 2014 at: http://www.apainc.org/files/DDF/Dog%20Fighting%20Monograph%20APA%20Format%20FINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.apainc.org/files/DDF/Dog%20Fighting%20Monograph%20APA%20Format%20FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 134010 Keywords: Animal CrueltyDog FightingDogsGangsProsecutors |
Author: Braun, Birgit Title: Wildlife Detector Dogs: A guideline on the training of dogs to detect wildlife in trade Summary: According to IUCN, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the current extinction rate is estimated to exceed the natural rate by at least 1000 times. The international community is aware of the threat of unsustainable and particularly illegal trade that can result in the extinction of species. After the loss of habitat, unsustainable collection and use is the second main factor that puts wild animal and plant species at risk of extinction. In the interest of future generations, it is an important challenge to stop the decline of threatened animals and plants species. It is estimated that trade in wild plants and animals and their derivatives is worth several billions of US dollars per year, and millions of wild plants and animals are involved in international trade every year. In 2009, the World Customs Organization (WCO) organized a global day-long Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Operation. Through increased checks, Customs administrations seized about 4630 endangered live species as well as products. This operation demonstrates the great dimension of illegal wildlife trade, which in turn demonstrates the need for increased enforcement of wildlife trade laws and regulations. Detector dogs can perceive the smallest concentrations of odours and have a highly evolved ability to discriminate between scents. They are used to detect hidden contraband like drugs, weapons, cigarettes and cash, but are also suitable for the detection of wildlife and their derivatives. They can be used to screen checked-in or hand carried baggage, freight or on the body of smugglers. This ability enables dog handlers with their dogs to carry out quick and discreet controls. Detector dogs therefore are suitable tools in the fight against the smuggling of wildlife and their derivatives. In 1998, TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network of WWF and IUCN , launched a report, The Feasibility of Using Canines to Detect Wildlife Contraband (Parry-Jones, R. 1998). This report was followed by a Master's thesis, Enforcement of CITES in Germany: the use of sniffer dogs to detect wildlife contraband (Felgentreu, B. 2004, in German). Both reports compiled infor-mation on existing wildlife detector dog programmes and provided recommendations for their use and implementation. Following these promising results and the demonstrated potential to use detector dogs to fight against illegal trade in wildlife the first International Expert Workshop on Wildlife Detector Dogs was held in 2006 in Bad Schandau, Germany (Felgentreu, B. 2006). This workshop was a promising start for the development and implementation of wildlife detector dog programmes in several European countries and was followed by a second Workshop organized by the General Directorate of Customs of the Czech Republic and a third Workshop organized by Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Italy. The results of these workshops demonstrated a high potential to use dogs detecting wildlife contraband in the EU and led to the independent development of wildlife detector dog programmes in several European countries. Details: Berlin: WWF Germany, 2013. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 10, 2014 at: www.traffic.org Year: 2013 Country: International URL: www.traffic.org Shelf Number: 134313 Keywords: CaninesDogsIllegal Wildlife TradeWildlife Crime |
Author: Innocence Project of Texas Title: Dog Scent Lineups: A Junk Science Injustice Summary: A dog-scent lineup consists of matching a "scent" sample from a crime scene to a "scent" sample from a suspect by a dog. The practice has been used in several states, including Alaska, Florida, New York, and Texas. We know that dogs have an incredibly acute sense of smell, but the major problem has been with the handlers of these dogs, who have been proven to be fakes and charlatans. Details: Lubbock, TX: Innocence Project of Texas, 2009. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 4, 2015 at: http://www.ipoftexas.org/Websites/ipot/images/IPOT_Dog_Scent_Report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ipoftexas.org/Websites/ipot/images/IPOT_Dog_Scent_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 134540 Keywords: Dog Scent Lineups (Texas)DogsInnocence ProjectLineups |
Author: Bennett, Oliver Title: Dangerous Dogs Summary: The Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 was introduced following press reports of dog attacks, focusing mainly on American pit bull terriers. The Act raised concerns for many years because it only covered attacks by dogs that took place in a public places. It did not apply to attacks by dogs on private property, for example someone's home. In addition, reports of increases in deliberate attacks using dogs raised concerns about the need for further powers that could be applied to dog owners. Further background on the origins of the legislation can be found in Library Paper 98/6 on Dogs. In 2012 the then Government published a consultation on Tackling irresponsible dog ownership. New, tougher, sentencing guidelines were also published at the time. In 2013 the then Government announced a package of measures to tackle irresponsible dog owners, including the introduction of compulsory microchipping of all dogs from April 2016 and to extend dangerous dogs' legislation to private property. This became part of the Antisocial Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, together with increased powers relating to dogs and antisocial behaviour. There is also legislation in Scotland, the Control of Dogs (Scotland) Act 2010, which requires all owners to keep control of their dogs in private and public places, regardless of their breed. Dog microchipping has been compulsory in Northern Ireland since 2011 and in Wales since March 2015. More recently there have been calls for changes to the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, specifically to remove the ban on certain breeds (the breed-specific legislation). Those that oppose the law criticise it for requiring the destruction of safe dogs while failing to tackle the number of dog bite incidents. The Government has rejected these calls. Details: London: House of Commons Library, 2016. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing paper no. 4348: Accessed August 5, 2017 at: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN04348 Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN04348 Shelf Number: 146735 Keywords: Animal WelfareAntisocial BehaviorDogs |
Author: Dogs Trust Title: Puppy Smuggling: An investigation into the illegal entry of dogs into Great Britain under the Pet Travel Scheme Summary: Dogs Trust has carried out an in-depth six month investigation into the trafficking of puppies from Eastern Europe into the UK. The investigation focused on the puppies travelling into Great Britain under the non-commercial Pet Travel Scheme [PETS]. The numbers of animals coming in under PETS from Eastern Europe has increased rapidly since 2012 when changes to the legislation made it easier for people to enter Great Britain with puppies. According to Defra the number of dogs entering Great Britain via PETS rose by 61% in the first year when controls were relaxed. Just 2.5% of pets were found to be non-compliant with PETS in 2012. This does not account for any of the nondeclared smuggled dogs. Our investigation shows the ease with which dealers, especially those in Eastern Europe, can evade or fool customs officials since the introduction of PETS, as these figures from Defra suggest: Between 2011 and 2013 the number of dogs entering the UK from Lithuania has increased by 780%; in Hungary a 663% increase in dogs travelling under PETS into the UK was recorded . Worryingly, this increase only accounts for dogs that are declared; it does not account for the number of dogs that are smuggled into the UK. The impact of these changes and the increased volume of puppies entering the UK illegally have worrying implications for both the puppies' welfare and for the control of rabies and the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis UK, as many puppies are imported from countries that are classified as having rabies. Defra admitted in March 2013 that something needed to be done, yet it will have taken 21 months for any changes to the PETS to be introduced and Dogs Trust believes the proposals are nowhere near sufficient to tackle this growing problem. Our investigation reveals how the PETS scheme is being used as a cover by commercial dealers from Hungary and Lithuania on a regular basis to illegally import puppies into the UK. These dealers were aided and abetted by unscrupulous vets in Eastern Europe, who, in collusion with the dealers, are prepared to issue pet passports with falsified data. Passports are issued by vets for puppies they have not seen; the age of puppies are changed to evade contravening PETS; dogs banned under the Dangerous Dogs Act are being brought into the country; and false vaccination stamps are added indicating rabies vaccinations had been given to puppies when they had not actually been administered. Unlike rabies, there are no initiatives to control Echinonoccus multilocularis in countries where it is endemic. Dogs Trust wonders whether an individual that is prepared to falsify rabies vaccinations would bother with tapeworm treatment or measures to prevent other diseases? Dogs Trust's evidence also reveals the ineffective controls at UK border ports which allows this illegal, commercial trade of puppies to enter the UK almost unhindered. This is especially so during the weekends when there are no APHA or Trading Standards personnel on physical duty at the main ports of entry such as Dover and the Eurotunnel. Trading Standards personnel are not available to assist out of hours. Wise to this knowledge, many dealers we made contact with travel with puppies over the weekend. Transporters are rarely stopped, and if they are caught travelling with incorrect paperwork there is no penalty. They are simply made to return to where they came from. The likelihood of their paperwork being questioned is low and a search of their vehicle extremely unlikely. This means they can declare up to five puppies whose paperwork may get checked, then have a further undisclosed number of puppies hidden in their vehicle which will escape any scrutiny. Details: London: Dogs Trust, 2014. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2017 at: https://www.dogstrust.org.uk/press-materials/dt_puppy_smuggling_report_v12_web(1).pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dogstrust.org.uk/press-materials/dt_puppy_smuggling_report_v12_web(1).pdf Shelf Number: 146736 Keywords: Animal SmugglingAnimal WelfareDogsTrafficking in Animals |
Author: Dogs Trust Title: Puppy Smuggling: The Scandal Continues. A follow up investigation into the illegal entry of dogs into Great Britain under the Pet Travel Scheme Summary: Dogs Trust reveals the findings of a follow-on undercover investigation into the cruel puppy smuggling trade. Underage and unvaccinated puppies continue to travel illegally from Central and Eastern Europe to Great Britain destined to be sold online to unsuspecting members of the public by commercial dealers and breeders. The charity also 'smuggled' a stuffed toy dog in a carry-crate from Europe onto British soil multiple occasions without any enforcer identifying her as fake - begging the question, what else could have been in that crate and why is it still so easy to smuggle puppies? The charity first highlighted the influx of illegally landed puppies from Central and Eastern Europe in November 2014, following a relaxation of the Pet Travel Scheme in 2012. These findings were then presented to DEFRA, who heralded the already-planned changes to the Pet Travel Scheme (which came into force on 29th December 2014) as the solution. Dogs Trust had strong suspicions that the changes would be ineffective - the findings of our second investigation have proven us correct. The illegal puppy trade continues to boom and the potential risks to human and dog health and welfare remain. Dogs Trust's second undercover investigation has gathered further evidence of corruption from vets and breeders in Lithuania and Romania, and the worrying ease in which commercial transporters can illegally bring puppies into Great Britain under a scheme designed for pet owners. Our experiment with Mitzi, the stuffed toy dog, shows the urgent need for visual checks of pets travelling with passports. In the absence of any physical sight check at the borders, corrupt dealers can smuggle underage, sickly, or undocumented puppies into Great Britain - bringing with them a risk of disease. Details: London: Dogs Trust, 2015. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2017 at: https://www.dogstrust.org.uk/puppysmuggling/final%20use%20this%20one%20puppy%20smuggling_2.8.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dogstrust.org.uk/puppysmuggling/final%20use%20this%20one%20puppy%20smuggling_2.8.pdf Shelf Number: 146737 Keywords: Animal SmugglingAnimal WelfareDogsTrafficking in Animals |